TIME

FOR
SCIENCE
 Week 1

Cell Theory

Most Essential Learning

Competency

Explain the postulates of the

cell theory (STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-1).

General
General Biology
Biology 1[1/2]
Science,
Science, Technology, Engineering,
Technology, and Mathematics
Engineering, and Mathematics
INTRODUCTION
A theory is a set of propositions describing the operation and
causes of natural phenomena.
Cell theory describes where the term “cell” and the other basic
information about the cell came from.
Cell is the basic unit of life. It is the building block of all
organisms.
There are organisms that are made up of only one cell called
unicellular organisms.
Others are composed of many cells known as multicellular
organisms.
But,General
evenBiology
the life
[1/2]of a very huge multicellular organism begins
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
with a single cell – a sperm cell and an egg cell.
 One brick has no ...but bricks, when
significant purpose... combined together,
become useful. 4
Similar to bricks, cells, when combined together, perform
functions necessary for life.
5
 Different scientists
paved the way to
propose theories
about cells, the
structural and
functional unit of life.

6
General Functions of the Cell

7
General Functions of the Cell

Regulation of the Homeostasis

Internal Environment
● An organism’s ability to keep a
Acquisition and
constant internal state is called
Utilization of Energy homeostasis.

Responsiveness to
Their Environment ● Maintenance of these conditions,
is important because most cells of
Protection and Support
an organism require a specific set
of conditions to function normally.
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General Functions of the Cell

Regulation of the Homeostasis

Internal Environment

Acquisition and
Utilization of Energy Perspiration serve as the cooling system
to remove excess heat in the body.

Responsiveness to
Their Environment

Protection and Support

Normal body
temperature
Shivering generates metabolic heat. 9
Regulation of the Chemical Energy
Internal Environment

Acquisition and
● It is stored in the bonds present in
Utilization of Energy food molecules, and it will be
converted by the cells into more
Responsiveness to
Their Environment usable forms.

Protection and Support

10
Regulation of the Chemical Energy
Internal Environment

Acquisition and
● Energy is needed by various cells
Utilization of Energy to perform their functions.
○ heart cells to pump blood
Responsiveness to
Their Environment ○ intestinal cells to digest food
○ skeletal cells to initiate motion
Protection and Support
○ nerve cells to conduct
information
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Regulation of the Responsiveness
Internal Environment

Acquisition and
● A cell must first be able to
Utilization of Energy determine the changes that
have taken place before
Responsiveness to
Their Environment deciding the necessary
responses that will ultimately
Protection and Support
result in the maintenance of
normal internal conditions.
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Regulation of the Responsiveness
Internal Environment

Acquisition and
Utilization of Energy

Responsiveness to
Their Environment

Protection and Support A tanned skin means more pigment is released in

that area to impart protection to the underlying
cells especially UV radiation that can damage DNA.
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Regulation of the
Internal Environment

Acquisition and
Utilization of Energy

Responsiveness to
Their Environment

Immune cells impart protection against

Protection and Support
pathogens and other foreign bodies that may
enter the general circulation.
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History of the Development of Cell Theory

Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory

Zacharias Janssen (1585–1632) invented the

first primitive microscope.
15
History of the Development of Cell Theory

Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory

Robert Hooke (1635–1703) observed

cork cells under a microscope.
16
History of the Development of Cell Theory

Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory

Francesco Redi (1626–1697) disproved the

spontaneous generation theory.
17
History of the Development of Cell Theory

Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) observed microorganisms by

using his own practical microscope.
18
History of the Development of Cell Theory

Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory

Matthias Schleiden (1804–1881) proposed that all plants

are composed of cells.
19
History of the Development of Cell Theory

Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory

Theodor Schwann (1810–1882) proposed that all

animals are composed of cells.
20
History of the Development of Cell Theory

Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory

Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902) proposed that all cells

come from pre-existing cells. 21
The Three Principles of Cell Theory

Principle 1: Every living organism consists of one or more cells. Organism

may be unicellular (left) or multicellular (right) based on their level of complexity.
22
The Three Principles of Cell Theory

Principle 2: The cell is the fundamental unit of life. It is the smallest

structural and functional unit in all organisms.
23
The Three Principles of Cell Theory

Principle 3: Cells come from pre-existing cells. Cells contain hereditary

material, which they pass to their daughter cells when they divide.
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● Generally, cells function for support and protection,
regulation of the internal environment, response
to external stimuli, and acquisition and utilization
of energy for cellular activities.

● Different scientists were involved in the development

of the cell theory before it was finalized into three
major statements.

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● The principles of the cell theory disproved the long-
held belief of many scientists about the theory of
spontaneous generation.

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REFERENCES
● Slide 2: Human cheek cells, by Joseph Elsbern is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 via Flickr.

● Slide 14: Normal body temperature. Thermometer showing slightly above 36°C by Ivan Radic is
licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons.

● Slide: 18: Skin tanning by Onetwo1 is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons.

● Slide 20: Jansen microscope , by Hirannor is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia
Commons.

● Slide 23: Leeuwenhoek Microscope , by Jacopo Werther is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via
Wikimedia Commons.

● Slides 26 & 30: 3D-SIM-4 Anaphase 3 color by Lothar Schermelleh, is licensed under CC BY-SA
3.0 via Wikipedia.

● Slide 28: Onion cells 2 by Umberto Salvagnin is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Flickr.

● Slide 28: Mikrofoto.de-Blepharisma japonicum 15 by Frank Fox is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
DE via Wikimedia Commons.
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Hoefnagels, Marielle. Biology: The Essentials. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill Education, 2016.

Mader, Sylvia S., and Michael Windelspecht. Biology. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill Education, 2014.
Reece, Jane B, Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, and Kelly Hogan. Biology Concepts and
Connections. 8th ed. Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd, 2016.

Simon, Eric J., and Jane B. Reece. Campbell Essential Biology. 5th ed. Pearson Education Inc.,
2013.

Starr, Cecie, Christine A. Evers, and Lisa Starr. Biology Today and Tomorrow. 4th ed. Cengage
Learning Asia Pte Ltd, 2014.

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