Test your knowledge [30 marks]

Fitness Tests and Study Design

1.
A researcher is designing a study to assess free-throw ability in basketball. How could they
improve the reliability of the data?
I. Increase the number of participants
II. Allow participants to record their own scores
III. Increase the number of trials per participant
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

2.
What is required to calculate exercise intensity using the Karvonen method?
A. Resting heart rate and maximum heart rate
B. Training heart rate range and maximum heart rate
C. Rating of perceived exertion and resting heart rate
D. Maximal oxygen uptake and heart rate
3.
What is the predominant fitness component required for high-level performance in shot
put?

A. Aerobic capacity
B. Agility
C. Muscular endurance
D. Power

4.
Which fitness test is used to evaluate the effectiveness of a cardiovascular endurance
training programme?
A. Cooper’s 12-minute run
B. Illinois agility test
C. Sit and reach
D. Maximum push-ups
5.
A group of baseball players hit both left handed and right handed. The mean distance
travelled by the ball is shown in the chart. What might be concluded about the statistical
significance of the data?

A. LH group hits significantly further than the RH group.

B. RH group hits significantly further than the LH group.
C. LH group hits significantly shorter than the RH group.
D. RH group does not hit significantly further than the LH group.

6.
A student measures flexibility using five trials of the sit and reach test. They record the
same result for each trial for the first participant. Which does this provide evidence for?
A. Specificity
B. Accuracy
C. Reliability
D. Validity
7.
Alex signs up at the local gym and is required to complete a Physical Activity Readiness
Questionnaire (PAR-Q). What is the purpose of this questionnaire?
A. To determine their level of fitness
B. To determine how long they will be able to exercise for
C. To determine their pre-existing skill level
D. To determine their pre-existing health conditions

8.
A track athlete runs 800 m at 5-minute intervals over 30 minutes. Which element of their
general training programme is this?
A. Endurance training
B. Progression
C. Resistance training
D. Reversibility

9.
An athlete completed five timed trials of a 20 m sprint test. What is the mean time?
A. 3.90 s
B. 3.95 s
C. 4.00 s
D. 4.05 s

10.
What does a large standard deviation indicate?
A. The data is clustered closely to the mean.
B. The data is spread widely around the mean.
C. The data is normally distributed.
D. The data is not normally distributed.

11.
Which fitness component does the stork stand test?
A. Reaction time
B. Balance
C. Strength
D. Muscle endurance

12.
Which are elements of a general training programme?
I. Warm up
II. Endurance training
III. Recreational activities and sports
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
13.
Which terms apply to the use of the multistage fitness test to evaluate the muscular power
of a 100 m swimmer?
A. Reliable and valid
B. Not reliable and not valid
C. Not reliable but valid
D. Reliable and not valid

14.
Which fitness component is most important when a soccer player dribbles a ball
around opponents while maintaining their balance?
A. Muscular endurance
B. Aerobic capacity
C. Flexibility
D. Agility

15.
Why would an athlete work at different heart rate training zones rather than a maximum
heart rate zone?
A. To avoid overreaching
B. To increase the number of fast-twitch fibres
C. To target specific training adaptations
D. To reduce excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

16.
What can be represented by error bars on a graph?
A. Ratio of the standard deviation to the mean value of a set of data
B. Variability of a set of data from the median
C. Variability of the mode value of a set of data
D. Variability of a set of data from the mean

17.
Which is a component of performance-related (skill-related) fitness?
A. Muscular endurance
B. Body composition
C. Power
D. Strength

18.
Which test measures muscular strength?
A. Maximum sit-ups
B. Hand grip dynamometer
C. Maximum press-ups
D. Vertical jump

19.
Which of these describes appropriate study design?
A. Placebos are assigned to an experimental group.
B. In a double blind trial the researcher knows which is the control group.
C. Randomisation allows participants to choose the experimental group.
D. In the control group participants take a placebo.
20.
Which is the mean value for the post-training test score?

A. 13
B. 15
C. 16
D. 17
21.
Which outlines progression as a principle of training programme design?

A. Training muscles that are relevant to the actions of the sport

B. Training is high intensity for short bursts

C. Training by gradual increase in physical challenge to induce adaptations

D. Training with a range of methods to maintain motivation

22.
Which fitness component can be assessed by anthropometry?
A. Flexibility
B. Body composition
C. Strength
D. Aerobic capacity

23.
Which is a reliable and valid test of a basketball player’s leg power?
A. Illinois Agility Test
B. Ruler drop test
C. Stork stand
D. Vertical jump
24.
Which of these is a measure of perceived exertion, designed specifically to be used with
adults?
A. Borg scale
B. OMNI scale
C. CERT scale
D. Heart rate

25.
What does PAR-Q stand for?
A. Physical activity readiness questionnaire
B. Physiological activity readiness quantifier
C. Physiological assessment regularity quantifier
D. Physical assessment readiness questionnaire

26.
What is the mean of these three javelin throws?
Throw 1: 40 metres; Throw 2: 53 metres; Throw 3: 60 metres
A. 40 metres
B. 45 metres
C. 51 metres
D. 53 metres
27.
Which is a health-related fitness component?
A. Speed
B. Power
C. Reaction time
D. Muscular strength
28.
Which component of fitness is estimated when undertaking Cooper’s 12 Minute Run?
A. Agility
B. Muscular endurance
C. Coordination
D. Aerobic capacity

29.
What does standard deviation represent?
A. The ratio of the correlation to the mean
B. A causal relationship between two variables
C. The correlation between two variables
D. It summarises the spread of values around the mean

30.
Which is correct with regard to study design?
A. Validity is when you retest in similar conditions and achieve consistent results.
B. A power athlete performing a vertical jump test with their eyes closed is an example of
using a blind study.
C. Reliability is when you undertake a test and it measures what you want.
D. An endurance athlete doing the Cooper’s 12 Minute Run to test aerobic power
demonstrates specificity.