910 Technology and

Livelihood Education
Quarter 1 -Week 6
Technical Drafting
(Draft Architectural Layout and Details )
 This module aims to provide activities to help you learn about the
architectural layout and details that are designed to develop the technical skills and
technical know-how of the students in architectural drafting works.

At the end of this module the students are expected to:

• plan and prepared the proper drawing tools, materials and equipment;
• identify the architectural abbreviations and symbols;
• interpret and fully understand the standard procedure in drafting layout and
detailing of architectural working plans and drawings;
• draft the lot plot, site development plan and floor plan.

A. Directions: Read each item carefully. Write your answer on the space provided before
each number.

___1. An instrument used for drawing vertical and oblique lines.

a. French Curve c. Triangles
b. Protractor d. T-square

___2. An instrument used for dividing lines or distance into equal parts.
a. Compass c. Tape Rule
b. Divider d. Triangle

___3. A flat piece of plastic with standard symbols and used as guide for drawing images on
plans.
a. Erasing Shield c. Triangles
b. Template d. Triangular Scale

___4. It is a process of representing an idea by means of line having various thickness and
make-ups.
a. CAD c. Freehand Drawing
b. Drafting d. Manual Drawing

___5. Used to draw horizontal lines and serve as guide for triangles.
a. Ruler c. Triangular Scale
b. Template d. T-square

___6. It represents the arrangement of rooms, doors, windows & other features located in
the floor plan.
a. Floor Plan c. Location Plan
b. Foundation Plan d. Roof Plan

___7. It shows the design of the house, height dimension, materials finish and complete
information on specifications.
a. Ceiling Plan c. Foundation Plan
b. Elevation
___8. It shows the position of the house inside the lot, the number of the adjacent
lots,streets or lanes before or beside the lot, and the North sign.
a. Foundation Plan c. Location Plan
b. Floor Plan d. Site Development Plan

___9. A plan that shows the position and the location of the building with property line,
setbacks, approaches, grade contours, landscape and other pertinent data in relation
to the site.
a. Foundation Plan c. Roof Plan
b. Location Plan d. Site Development Plan

___10. The drawing that represents the actual form of the proposed building.
a. Floor Plan c. Perspective Drawing
b. Notes and Specifications d. Site Development

B. Directions: Identify the parts of floor plan. Write your answer on the space provided.

1. _______________ 6. _______________
2. _______________ 7. _______________
3. _______________ 8. _______________
4. _______________ 9. _______________
5. _______________ 10. _______________

Instructions: Unscramble the letter to form a word/s. Write your answer on the space
provided. Then, tell whether the item is a tool, material or equipment by putting
a check (/) in the right column.
ITEM TOOL MATERIAL EQUIPMENT

1. opdstek
2. indgarw rpeap
3. owdo celipn
4. lgnritea
5. niksmga peat
6. aesgnir liehds
7. chitlenac npe
8. yloer
9. wrgaind bteal
 10. icgtarn rpaep

Considering your prior learning in the previous grade level, it is assumed that you are
already aware on the tools, materials and equipment needed in drafting works. However, it is
essential to review their previous learning for you to be prepared for higher drafting task.
Because most of the architectural drafting works are consisted of technical and
freehand drawing, you must be aware on how to plan and prepare precisely all drafting tools,
materials and equipment required for assigned task.

DRAWING TOOLS, MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

There is a particular tool, material and equipment that we use in each activity. You
should not use a tool on a particular activity if it is not design for it. It may not function well.
Drafting tools may be used in measuring and laying out lines, so a draftsman must consider
the quality of each tool to practice accuracy in drawing and to serve its purpose well.

a. Drafting tools

These are not consumable items. They are used if the activity requires mechanical
presentation.

• Drawing table / board

• T-square
• Triangular scale
• Pencil sharpener
• Technical pen
• Protractor

• Erasing shield
• Drawing template
( circular, furniture, ellipse )
• Set of triangles
(30°x60°x90° and
45°x45°x90°)
 b. Drafting Materials
These are consumable items used in drafting works. The draftsman cannot
perform his drafting task without these items.

• A4 size drawing paper • Drawing ink

• Tracing paper (Rotring/Staedler)
• Drawing pencil (HB, F, 2H) • Pen and pencil eraser
• Mechanical Pencil ( 3, .5 ) • Masking tape
• Rug

ALWAYS REMEMBER! ☺
Pencilis the most important thing a draftsman must have.

c. Equipment – these items are essential in producing quality drafting output.

• Computer
• Drafting machine
• Leroy lettering pen

STANDARD PROCEDURE IN SETTING UP

DRAFTING TOOLS, MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

To ensure the correct setting of standard procedure and accuracy in drawing, a draftsman
should plan, prepare and select proper tools and materials for a particular drawing layout
and details.
It is essential for the draftsman to take care and maintain the usability of drafting tools,
materials and equipment considering their cost and value. These are expensive items
however these are important in all drafting task.

The Standard Operating Procedures before, during and after the utilization of drafting
tools, materials and equipment are strictly emphasized the following considerations:

a. Before the start of drafting activity:

1. Select the right tools, materials and equipment which are only needed in the activity;
2. Set up properly the required tools and materials in a place which is suitable for you
and to the people around you to move and perform your task;
3. Wipe the table and tools with clean cloth or tissue before using it, make sure that
these are free from elements that can cause damage to your work;
4. Wash your hands with clean water and wipe it with dry and clean cloth or tissue.

b. Activity proper:

1. Perform the assigned task by following the standard operating procedure per job
description;
2. The drafting tools and equipment that are used in the assigned task must be
manipulated properly;
3. In case you misprint the line or letter, use the appropriate eraser for the particular
errors;
4. Clean your tools from time to time. Observe neatness in your drawing.
c. After the activity:

1. Submit your output for checking. Make sure that it is neatly done;
2. Clean your tools before you keep them;
3. Make sure to check all the tools and materials you used to ensure that nothing has
lost;
4. To keep your tools and materials safe, put them in a plastic envelop and/or return it
to the assigned tool keeper;
5. Clean your workplace before leaving. Clean your hands as well.

Other Important Practices

There are other important practices that must be observed and followed in the
work place. Let us take a look at some of them.

1. Observe safety precautions.

a. Never play with flammable item in the workplace.
b. Do not eat or drink in your workstation.
c. Do not play with your pointed and sharp tools like pencil, compass, pencil knife etc.
d. Use the tools and equipment according to its purpose.
e. Never stab the table with pointed tools.
f. Before leaving the workstation, make sure to turn off and/or unplug all electronic
equipment, lights, electric fans, air condition units etc.

2. Observe punctuality. Be on time always.

3. Never use any drawing tools and equipment without having it clean first.
4. Hands should be kept clean before, during and after doing your activity.
5. Keep the workstation clean and dry to keep it in order.
6. Focus on your assigned task.
7. Never let your hair or hair bangs interrupt your work.
8. Learn and practice the value of respect.
9. Observe and practice the proper waste disposal.
10. Before submitting your output, check all the details first.
Directions: Encircle the words from the box below that you will find in this activity.

STOP! LOOK! ENCIRCLE!

D P L U M B I N G A S W O D N I W
R E L E V A T I O N L H A R A I K
A R C H I T E C T U R A L I A N B
F S H A O P O W E R Q V Y L D A I
T P A N L U K N A L P R O O L F N
I E N E E J S O O N E R O S U H A
N C G U T E G E E Z D R N O V T L
G T J L H I M H P L U G Q P F R P
O I I U L O C K B L I A M E U U N
D V N E S T A I R S A J N E S S O
E E D L I K E S E H U N E H E S I
W O R K I N G D R A W I N G X I T
M M R A H C B N T C E T I H C R A
S I S P E C I F I C A T I O N S C
T I T L E P A G E L U H A N C B O
B A E K H W E I V N O I T C E S L

Layout Perspective Working Drawing Floor Plan

Drafting Designs Specifications Location Plan
House Plan Elevation Model Window
Door Title Page Roof Kitchen
Stairs Truss Section View Architect

Architectural Drafting

- Architectural drafting and design involve the creation of drawings and models used to
build structures.

Architectural layout and detail drawings

- are designed to develop the technical skills and technical know-how of the students
in architectural drafting works.

Architectural Working Drawings

- the architectural working drawings together with the specifications are the most
important parts of the documents constituting the contract.

- information on the designs, locations, and dimensions of the elements of a building is

found on the architectural working drawings while information on the quality of materials and
workmanship is found in the SPECIFICATIONS.
 ALWAYS REMEMBER!
A good architectural working drawing gives the contractor the exact
information he
needs.

Elements of Architectural Working Drawing

A complete architectural working drawing of a house generally includes the following:

Architectural Structural Sheets Plumbing Electrical
Sheets Layout Layout
a. Sheet #1 a. Sheet #5 a. Sheet #7 a. Sheet #9
• Perspective • Foundation Plan • Plumbing Plan • Electrical Plan
• Location Plan • Roof Framing • Water System • Lighting Layout
• Site Plan Plan • Power
Development • Truss Detail • Sewage and
Plan b. • Column, Footing System Plan. Auxiliary
Sheet #2 and Beam b. Sheet #8 Layout
• Floor Plan Schedule • Storm
• Elevations b. Sheet #6 Drainage
c. Sheet #3 • Footings System
• Section View • Construction • Septic Tank
• Roof Plan Notes
• Reflected Ceiling • General Notes
Plan
• Baluster Detail
d. Sheet #4
• Doors and
Windows
Schedule
• Kitchen Details
• Toilet and Bath
Details
Floor Plan

A floor plan is a two-dimensional scaled drawing of a house or building viewed from

above. Its shows the size and arrangement of rooms. It also displays the location of doors,
windows, partition of each room, walls, and their sizes. Furniture and fixtures are also
present if required. To specify the rooms sizes, the dimensions are drawn between walls.

When the proposed building is a multi-storey, the floor plan of each level is separate
unless if the design of each level are all the same.

Room Requirements and pointers in planning a floor plan

1. Living Room- part of the house where you can relax and entertain visitors. Mostly, it is
the center of the living. Generally,
it is located near or adjacent to the
main entrance of the house and to
the dining area.
2. Bedroom - a room where you can
rest and sleep. For a low cost
housing, it is ideal to have at least
two sle eping areas, master’s
bedroom and bedroom. Toilet and
bath for master’s bedroom is also
recommended and built -in cabinet
or closet for each room .
3. Dining Area - this area should be
located between the living room
and kitchen. It is an area where
meals are ea ten. The size and
shape of this area will depend on
the size of the family.
4. Kitchen - part of the house with
cooking facilities. This is where
our food is being prepared and
cooked. It has a working triangle
area for storage and mixing area,
preparation and cleaning center FLOOR
and cooking center. There should
also be a storage for utensils, SCALE 1: 100
cooking tools and other kitchen
stuff.
Types of Kitchen
5. Bathroom- a room containing a toilet, shower or bathtub and lavatory. It must be near
the bedroom and accessible to the living room. Keep the toilet and bath near the kitchen
as much as possible. When the proposed house is multi-storey, each level must have a
bathroom. If there are two rooms in each level, the bathroom must be in between of the
two rooms.
6. Entrance- a passage or doorway you pass through on your way inside the building or
house. Different Types
a. Main entrance- this is where the guests are welcomed and entertained. It provides
access to the house.
b. Service entrance- part of the house which gives access to the delivery services like
supplies of food, parcel and the like.
c. Special purpose entrance and exit- it is a special passage through which street or
sidewalk movement would have an access.
7. Garage and Carport- they are shelter for cars. However, they are different in features or
structure. A garage is a closed area. Some are built next to the building and others are
part or attached to the house. It is also used for secondary purposes like laundry area or
workshop. A carport is an open area with roof supported by columns. It can also be
separated from the house or built against the existing wall of the house. Architectural
Abbreviations
TERM ABBREVIATION TERM ABBREVIATION
Balcony BALC Toilet and Bath T&B
Bathroom B Building BLDG
Master’s Bedroom BR Cabinet CAB
Living Room MBR Ceiling Line CL
Dining Room DR Elevation ELEV.
Kitchen K Section SEC.
Lavatory LAV Floor FLR
Concrete Hollow Block CHB Meter M
Corrugated CORR. Millimeter MM
Cement CEM. At @
Both Ways B.W. Down Spout DS
On Center O.C. Vertical VERT.
Down DN Not To Scale NTS
Ground Line GL Floor Line FL
Finished Floor Line FGL Finished Ground Line FGL

Architectural Symbols

It is difficult for you to interpret the architectural working plan or blueprint unless you are
familiar with all the architectural symbols. Then, it is a prerequisite for all the drafting
students to be familiarized with the architectural symbols pondering that your future work will
be on architectural industry.
The following illustrations are the architectural
symbols:

1. Doors symbols that are shown in the floor plan.

 Standard Measurement for door:
a. Height : 2.1m
b. Width :
• Main Door – .9m-1m
• Bedroom -.8m-.9m
• Exit Door - .9m
• Toilet and Bath - .6m-.7m

2. Windows symbols that used to represent on floor plans and elevation drawings

Steps in drawing a Floor Plan ( Illustrations are NTS )

1. Prepare the needed tools and materials.

2. Use the correct scale. Draw the outline of the floor plan and partitions of wall
based on the given measurement..
3. Construct the wall thickness. Use 0.15cm.-.20cm CHB for the major walls. Start
from the center of the wall. For the inner wall thickness, use 0.10cm.

Step 3

Step 2
4. Lay out the position of doors and windows.
5. Draw the doors and windows.

Step 4

Step 5

6. Draw the furniture and fixtures using the right scale. In the kitchen area, follow the
principle of work triangle. Then, label each area.
7. Lay-out dimensions. Draw extension lines by using any length for dimension
limits just ensure that they are uniform. Layout dimensions bold and clearly.

Step 6

Step 7

17
 8. Draw and name the schedule of doors and windows by sizes.
9. Finally, draw the roof line of the floor plan. At least 1.20m. from the outer wall.

Step 8 Step 9

Independent Activity 1

Directions: Identify the following architectural abbreviations. Write your answer on the
space provided.

1. FGL -_____________________ 4. CHB -

2. DN -_____________________ _____________________
5. CORR. -_____________________
3. FFL -_____________________

Independent Assessment
Directions: Identify the following terms being stated. Put your answer on the space
provided before each number.
______________1. It shows the arrangement of rooms inside the house.
______________2. A part of a house where the food is being prepared.
______________3. It is the lot or area on which the building is constructed.
______________4. These are local laws that set standard for structural design of the
building and other structures within the community.
______________5. A passage or doorway you pass through on your way inside the building
or hous

20

You have learned now the steps in lot plotting, constructing site development plan and floor
plan including some of the legal basis from the National Building Code of the Philippines. In
addition, you have been familiarized with the symbols used in architectural and the standard
measurement of each part of the house plan. Write your realization about the lesson by
completing the sentence below.

I have learned that …

Think of yourself as a License Architect now. Someone asked you to design a twostorey
residential house. What are the first things that you should do, based on what you have
learned in the lesson? Write you answer on the box provided for you.
Assessment
Modified True or False
Directions: Identify if the statement is true or NOT. Write True if the statement is correct and
if false, write the correct answer on the space provided.

___________1. Architectural drafting and design involved the creation of drawings and
models used to build structures.
___________2. Location plan displays the property line and setbacks.
___________3. Lot plan is the top view of the floor area of the house.
___________4. Storm drainage system is included in the plumbing layout.
___________5. One quadrant in protractor is equals to 180⁰.
___________6. The standard height for door is 2.1m.
___________7. The garage is a closed area while carport is an open area with roof.
___________8. Plan is simply the top view of an object.
___________9. Dining area should be located between master’s bedroom and living room.
__________10. The floor plan also displays the location of doors, windows, partition of
each room, walls, and their sizes.
__________11. The multi-storey building should have a bathroom in each level.
__________12. Kitchen has a working triangle area for storage and mixing area,
preparation and cleaning center and cooking center.
__________13. The lot occupancy for domestic building on corner lot is 70%.
__________14. Measurement of lot occupancy shall be taken at second level.
__________15. Main entrance is part of the house which gives access to the delivery
services like supplies of food, parcel and the like.
Assessment