BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE – PILANI, DUBAI

CAMPUS
II SEMESTER (2019-2020)
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
Year: I Date: 1st June 2020
(Open Book)
Course No.: BITS F111 Course Title: THERMODYNAMICS
Duration: 55 mins Maximum Marks: 30 Weightage: 15%
Set – A
Question 1. A rigid tank of 1.5 m3 is to be used for storing a gas for Industrial purpose at
Normal Pressure and Temperature conditions of 1 bar and 25ºC. Considering them ideal,
arrange the following gases in the order of the increasing mass occupied, if stored, inside the
tank at the same conditions. [1.5 Marks]
(a) CO2 < Ethane < n-Pentane
(b) n-Pentane < Ethane < CO2
(c) Ethane < CO2 < n-Pentane
(d) CO2 = Ethane < n-Pentane

Question 2. Which of the following equations is correct? Here, P stands for Pressure, A for
cross-section Area, m for mass, V for volume, t for time, r for geometric radius of the surface,
and g is acceleration due to gravity.
[Hint: For a logarithmic equation to be valid, the expression in the bracket should be a constant
and non-dimensional]. [1.5 Marks]
⎛ PA ⎞
(a)log ⎜
⎝ mV ⎟⎠
⎛ PA ⎞
(b)log ⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ mr t ⎠
⎛ PV ⎞
(c)log ⎜
⎝ mgt ⎟⎠
⎛ mgr ⎞
(d)log ⎜
⎝ PV ⎟⎠

Question 3. Which of the following statement is certainly incorrect?

(a) c p − cv = R is valid for any gas

(b) Water at 150 kPa and 113ºC exists as Superheated Vapor

(c) Preparing Rice inside a closed Pressure Cooker, with a whistle, can be considered a
Closed or an Open System depending on the time of operation.
(d) Density is considered as an Intensive property [1.5 Marks]

Question 4. Can Argon at 250ºC, 50 kPa be considered an Ideal Gas? Justify your answer.
[2.5 Marks]
Question 5.
The adjacent figure shows a piston and cylinder arrangement. It
contains water at 125ºC, with 35% of the contents in liquid phase,
occupying a volume of 150 liters. On the addition of heat to the
system, the piston witnesses a rise in its position and gets in touch
with a linear spring, At this point the volume becomes 200 liters.
The diameter of the piston is 300 mm, with the spring constant as
80 N/mm. The heating process goes on, with the piston continuing
to compress the spring. Neglecting, the local atmospheric pressure,
do the needful: -

(a) Evaluate and list out all the properties of Water at the initial state (Phase, v, P, u).
[2]
(b) What will be the pressure when the piston will just be touching the spring? [1]
(c) What will be the temperature inside the cylinder when the pressure reaches 400 kPa?
[5]
(d) Represent the entire process on a well-labeled P-V diagram. [2]
(e) Calculate the Boundary Work. [2]
Note: - Use nearby values, if required, from the tables. Do not interpolate.

Question 6.
An industrial manufacturing process requires air, initially at 100 kPa, 25 ◦C and occupying
1.25 m3, to undergo a Cyclic process. The air is first compressed polytropically with a
polytropic exponent of 0.95 to a pressure of 0.15 MPa. It then undergoes an isobaric heat
addition to a temperature of 298 K, and finally expanded to the initial state through an
isothermal process. Considering Air to be an Ideal gas, do the needful.

(a) Calculate the missing properties of P,T,V at the respective state points. [3]
(b) Determine the boundary work for each process [3]
(c) Determine the net-work of the cycle.
Conclude, with reasons, whether it is a path/point property. [1.5+1.5]
(d) Represent the cycle on a well-labeled P-V Diagram [2]
 BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE – PILANI, DUBAI
CAMPUS
II SEMESTER (2019-2020)

COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
Year: I Date: 1st June 2020
(Open Book)
Course No.: BITS F111 Course Title: THERMODYNAMICS
Duration: 55 mins Maximum Marks: 30 Weightage: 15%
Set – B

Question 1. Which of the following statement is certainly incorrect?

(a) Kinetic energy of the molecules of the system is included in Internal Energy
(b) The quality of Water at 200 kPa and 113ºC is not defined.
(c) An unopened Can of coke, at same temperature as the surroundings, can be considered as an
Isolated system.
(d) Temperature is considered as an Extensive property. [1.5 Marks]

Question 2. Which of the following equations is correct? Here, F stands for Force, E for energy, A
for cross-section Area, m for mass, v for velocity, t for time, r for geometric radius of the surface, and
g is acceleration due to gravity.
[Hint: For a logarithmic equation to be valid, the expression in the bracket should be a constant and
non-dimensional]. [1.5 Marks]
⎛ Fr ⎞
(a)log ⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ v g⎠
⎛ Fv 2 ⎞
(b)log ⎜
⎝ mg ⎟⎠
⎛ Frv 2 ⎞
(c)log ⎜
⎝ AE ⎟⎠
⎛ rE ⎞
(d)log ⎜ 2 2 ⎟
⎝ Fv t ⎠

Question 3. A rigid tank of 1.5 m3 is to be used for storing a gas for Industrial purpose at Normal
Pressure and Temperature conditions of 1 bar and 25ºC. Considering them ideal, arrange the following
gases in the order of the decreasing mass occupied, if stored inside the tank at the same conditions.
[1.5 Marks]
(a) Methane > n-Heptane > Ammonia
(b) n-Heptane > Methane > Ammonia
(c) n-Heptane > Ammonia > Methane
(d) Ammonia = Methane > n-Heptane

Question 4. How reasonable it is to consider Neon at 220 K, 25 kPa an Ideal Gas? Justify your answer.
[2.5 Marks]
Question 5.
The adjacent figure shows a piston and cylinder arrangement. It
contains air at 75ºC and 1.5 bar, occupying a volume of 80 liters. On
addition of heat to the system, the piston witnesses a rise in its position
and gets in touch with a linear spring, At this point the volume
becomes 125 liters. The diameter of the piston is 320 mm, with the
spring constant as 110 N/mm. The heating process goes on, with the
piston continuing to compress the spring. Neglecting, the local
atmospheric pressure and considering Air as an Ideal gas, do the
needful: -

(a) Evaluate the properties of Air at the initial state using

empirical relations. (Mass, cp at the given temperature). [2]
(b) What will be the pressure when the piston will just be touching the spring? [1]
(c) What will be the temperature inside the cylinder when the pressure reaches 300 kPa? [5]
(d) Represent the entire process on a well-labeled P-V diagram. [2]
(e) Calculate the Boundary Work. [2]

Question 6.
An industrial manufacturing process requires air, initially at 150 kPa, 100 ◦C and occupying 3.2 m3, to
undergo a Cyclic process. The air is first compressed isothermally to a volume of 0.25 m3, followed by
a polytropic expansion process with a polytropic exponent of 1.1 to a volume of 3.2 m3. Finally, the
system restores its original state through an isochoric process. Considering Air to be an Ideal gas, do
the needful.

(a) Calculate the missing properties of P,T,V at the respective state points. [3]
(b) Determine the boundary work for each process. [3]
(c) Determine the net-work of the cycle.
Conclude, with reasons, whether it is a path/point property. [1.5+1.5]
(d) Represent the cycle on a well-labeled P-V Diagram [2]
 BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE – PILANI, DUBAI
CAMPUS
II SEMESTER (2019-2020)

COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
Year: I Date: 1st June 2020
(Open Book)
Course No.: BITS F111 Course Title: THERMODYNAMICS
Duration: 55 mins Maximum Marks: 30 Weightage: 15%
Set - C
Question 1. Which of the following equations is correct? Here, P stands for Pressure, A for cross-
section Area, m for mass, v for velocity, t for time, x for distance from the surface, and g is acceleration
due to gravity.
[Hint: For a logarithmic equation to be valid, the expression in the bracket should be a constant and
non-dimensional]. [1.5 Marks]
⎛ Px ⎞
(a)log ⎜
⎝ mgA ⎟⎠
⎛ PA ⎞
(b)log ⎜
⎝ mg ⎟⎠
⎛ Pmt ⎞
(c)log ⎜
⎝ Ag ⎟⎠
⎛ mgA ⎞
(d)log ⎜
⎝ Pv 2 ⎟⎠

Question 2. A rigid tank of 1.5 m3 is to be used for storing a gas for Industrial purpose at Normal
Pressure and Temperature conditions of 1 bar and 25ºC. Considering them ideal, arrange the following
gases in the order of the increasing mass occupied, if stored inside the tank at the same conditions.
[1.5 Marks]
(a) SO2 < n-Hexane < Acetylene
(b) Acetylene < n-Hexane < SO2
(c) n-Hexane < SO2 < Acetylene
(d) Acetylene < SO2 < n-Hexane

Question 3. Which of the following statement is certainly incorrect? [1.5 Marks]

(a) Kinetic energy of the system as a whole is included in Internal Energy
(b) Water at 500 kPa and internal energy of 2561.23 kJ/kg exists in complete vapor form.
(c) The contents of a Pen you are using for exams, when unused, should be considered a Closed
System.
(d) Pressure is considered as an Intensive property

Question 4. How justified it is to consider Ethane, at 350 K and 5 MPa, an Ideal Gas? Explain.
[2.5 Marks]
Question 5.
The adjacent figure shows a piston and cylinder arrangement. It
contains Ammonia at 200 kPa and 120ºC, occupying a volume of
220 liters, currently in position such that the piston is compressing
the linear spring. On the removal of heat from the system, the piston
witnesses a fall in its position and starts moving away from the
spring. At a point, where the spring achieves its original length, and
the piston just touches the spring, the volume becomes 180 liters.
The diameter of the piston is 570 mm, with the spring constant as
80 N/mm. The heat-removal continues, with the piston continuing
to fall in the position. Neglecting the local atmospheric pressure, do
the needful: -

(a) Evaluate and list out all the properties of Ammonia at the initial state (Phase, P, u, v).
[2]
(b) What will be the pressure & temperature when the piston will just be touching the spring? [4]
(c) With pressure remaining the same from (b), what will be the phase and temperature inside the
cylinder when the volume reduces to 125 liters? [2]
(d) Represent the entire process on a well-labeled P-V diagram. [2]
(e) Calculate the Boundary Work. [2]

Note: - Use nearby values, if required, from the tables. Do not interpolate.

Question 6.
An industrial manufacturing process requires air, initially at 300 kPa, 150 ◦C and occupying
4.8 m3, to undergo a Cyclic process. The air is first compressed polytropically with a polytropic
exponent of 1.1 to a volume of 1.2 m3. It is then expanded isothermally to a pressure of 0.3
MPa, and finally compressed isobarically to the initial state. Considering Air to be an ideal gas,
do the needful.

(a) Calculate the missing properties of P,T,V at the respective state points. [3]
(b) Determine the boundary work for each process. [3]
(c) Determine the net-work of the cycle.
Conclude, with reasons, whether it is a path/point property. [1.5+1.5]
(d) Represent the cycle on a well-labeled P-V Diagram. [2]
Section 2 – Version 1
1. Mention the factor(s) on which the ratio of specific heats, 𝑘 = 𝑐𝑃 /𝑐𝑉 , depends? [1]

2. Change in enthalpy of an incompressible liquid is the same for an isothermal and an isobaric
process. State true/false with mathematical arguments. [1+1]

3. Saturated vapor can act as a “thermal source” up to a certain limit. State true/false with
reasons. If true, state that limit? [0.5+0.5+1]

4. Three different heat engines called 1, 2 & 3 have thermal efficiencies of 50%, 40% & 30%
respectively. If they are connected to two thermal reservoirs at temperature 𝑇1 & 𝑇2 , what is
the overall efficiency of the combined set of heat engines? [5]

5. A sounding balloon (used for gathering meteorological data) of initial volume 𝑉1 = 5 𝑚3 , filled
with helium, goes vertically upwards from the ground level (𝑧1 = 0 𝑚) to an altitude of 𝑧2 =
2 𝑘𝑚. The net heat transfer during the ascent of the balloon is 𝑄12 = −100 𝑘𝐽. The temperature
and pressure at the ground level is 𝑇1 = 27 𝑜 𝐶 & 𝑃1 = 100 𝑘𝑃𝑎. Treating helium as an ideal
gas. The process can be assumed to be quasi-static. Temperature may be assumed to vary
1
with altitude according to the relation 𝑇(𝑧) = 𝑇1 − 𝐴 ∗ 𝑧, where 𝐴 = 165 𝐾𝑚−1. Density, 𝜌 =

1.2 𝑘𝑔 𝑚−3 of air can be treated as constant between 𝑧1 & 𝑧2 . Ratio of specific heats for helium
is 𝑘 = 1.67.
Find the following:
(a) Mass of helium, 𝑚. [1]
(b) Temperature 𝑇2 at 𝑧2 . [1]
(c) Pressure 𝑃2 at 𝑧2 . [2]
(d) Change in sp. internal energy of helium as the altitude changed from 𝑧1 to 𝑧2 . Assume
constant specific heat (to be calculated from provided data only). [2]
(e) Moving boundary work, 𝑊12 , done by helium gas as the balloon expanded [2]

6. Saturated 𝑅134𝑎 liquid at 𝑇1 = 20𝑜 𝐶 is expanded in a piston-cylinder device in two stages with
𝑛 denoting the index of the process.
(i) Process 1 → 𝑃1 to 𝑃2 = 244.5 𝑘𝑃𝑎 with 𝑛 = 1.2 and
(ii) Process 2 → 𝑃2 to 𝑃3 = 101.3 𝑘𝑃𝑎 with 𝑛 = 1.1
Find the following:

(a) 𝜈2 , 𝑥2 & 𝑇2 . Use closest values in the table. Do not interpolate. [1+1+1]
(b) Specific work done in process 1, i.e. 𝑤12 [1]
(c) Heat transfer in process 1, 𝑞12 [2]
(d) Specific work done in process 2, i.e. 𝑤23 [2]
(e) Total work done, 𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑡 [1]
(f) Sketch the processes 1, 2, 𝑤1 , 𝑤2 & 𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑡 on a 𝑃 − 𝜈 plot. [2]
Section 2 – Version 2
1. The sun is very hot and therefore, contains a lot of heat. State True/False with reasons. [1]

2. What is the change in enthalpy of an incompressible solid for an isothermal and an isobaric
process? Show mathematically. [1+1]

3. Saturated liquid can act as a “thermal sink” up to a certain limit. State true/false with reasons.
If true, state that limit? [0.5+0.5+1]

4. Three different heat engines called 1, 2 & 3 have thermal efficiencies of 50%, 40% & 30%
respectively. If they are connected to two thermal reservoirs at temperature 𝑇1 & 𝑇2 , what is
the overall efficiency of the combined set of heat engines? [5]

5. A chamber is divided into two parts by a movable, massless, frictionless piston of negligible
thickness (volume) that does not allow heat transfer across it. Left hand chamber contains air
while the right contains helium. Initial conditions for both chambers are given in the table

Volume Temp Pressure

(𝑚3 ) (𝐾) (𝑘𝑃𝑎)

1 300 100
Air (left)
1 300 100
Helium (Right)
Heat transfer to air is 10 𝑘𝐽 and the system is allowed to achieve equilibrium quasi-statically.
Final temperature of the helium gas is 310 K. Assume both gases to be ideal. Use constant
specific heats at room temperature.
Find
(a) Initial mass of air and helium [0.5+0.5]
 (b) Write the first law of thermodynamics as applied to the left and right section as individual
systems [1+1]
(c) The work done by air on helium [1]
(d) Final temperature of air [1]
(e) Final volume of both the sections [1+1]
(f) Final pressure of air and helium [1+1]

6. Saturated 𝑅134𝑎 vapor at 𝑇1 = 20𝑜 𝐶 in a piston-cylinder device in made to undergo two

processes, one after the other, with 𝑛 denoting the index of the process.
(i) Process 1 → Polytropic, 𝑛 = 1.2, 𝑃2 = 1017.0 𝑘𝑃𝑎 &
(ii) Process 2 → Isothermal, 𝜈3 = 0.1 𝑣2

Find the following:

(a) 𝜈2 , 𝑥2 & 𝑇2 . Use closest values in the table. Do not interpolate. [1+1+1]
(b) Specific work done in process 1, i.e. 𝑤12 [1]
(c) Heat transfer in process 1, 𝑞12 [2]
(d) Final pressure, 𝑃3 [1]
(e) Specific work done in process 2, i.e. 𝑤23 [1]
(f) Heat transfer, 𝑞23 [2]
(g) Sketch the processes 1 & 2 on a 𝑃 − 𝜈 plot. [1]
Section 2 – Version 3
1. Show/state an instance for an isothermal process where 𝑃𝜈 ≠ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡. [1]

2. Prove that for a pump, the change in enthalpy of the liquid is given by ∆ℎ = 𝜈(𝑃2 − 𝑃1 ) where
the subscript represents the final and initial pressure of the fluid. What is the underlying
assumption in this calculation? [1+1]

3. Saturated liquid-liquid vapor mixtures can act as a “thermal sources or sinks” up to a certain
limit. State true/false with reasons. If true, state the limits? [0.5+0.5+1]

4. Three different heat engines called 1, 2 & 3 have thermal efficiencies of 50%, 40% & 30%
respectively. If they are connected to two thermal reservoirs at temperature 𝑇1 & 𝑇2 , what is
the overall efficiency of the combined set of heat engines? [5]

5. An ideal gas is compressed in a piston cylinder device from an initial state of 𝑃1 =

100 𝑘𝑃𝑎, 𝑇1 = 300 𝐾 by a polytropic process of index 𝑛 = 1.25 to final state with temperature
𝑇2 . The heat transfer during this process 𝑞12 = 2𝑥106 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 and the variation in the specific
heat at constant volume of the gas is given as 𝑐𝑣 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 ∗ 𝑇 where 𝑎 = 2 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝑔−1 𝐾 −1 and 𝑏 =
4 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝑔−1 𝐾 −2. The gas constant is 𝑅 = 0.25 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝑔−1 𝐾 −1.
(a) What is expression for specific work 𝑤12 in terms of 𝑇1 , 𝑇2 & 𝑛 ? [1]
(b) What is the change in specific internal energy ∆𝑢 in terms of 𝑇1 , 𝑇2 , 𝑎 & 𝑏? [2]
(c) Write the first law of thermodynamics for the process 1 → 2 [1]
(d) Find the condition such that the value of 𝑇2 has real physical meaning. [2]
(e) Find final temperature 𝑇2 . [1]
(f) What is the final pressure, 𝑃2 . [2]
6. Saturated liquid water at 𝑇1 = 179.91 𝑜 𝐶 in a piston-cylinder device is made to undergo two
processes, one after the other, with 𝑛 denoting the index of the process.
(i) Process 1 → 𝑃1 to 𝑃2 = 100 𝑘𝑃𝑎 with 𝑛 = 1.2 and
(ii) Process 2 → 𝑃2 to 𝑃3 = 𝑃1 with 𝑛 = 1.3

Find the following:

(a) 𝜈2 & 𝑥2 . Use closest values in the table. Do not interpolate. [1+1]
(b) Specific work done in process 1, i.e. 𝑤12 [1]
(c) Heat transfer in process 1, 𝑞12 [2]
(d) 𝜈3 , & 𝑥3 [2]
(e) Specific work done in process 2, i.e. 𝑤23 [1]
(f) Net work done in process 1 & process 2, 𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑡 [2]
(g) Sketch the processes 1 & 2 on a 𝑃 − 𝜈 plot. [1]
 Part -1
1. A 4 m3 rigid tank contains oxygen gas at 200 kPa and 300 K. Now heat is transferred into the
tank so that the pressure raises to 600 kPa. Calculate work done during the process. [1]
a. 1200 kJ
b. 0 kJ
c. 1800 kJ
d. 300 kJ

2. A piston-cylinder device contains 10 kg of air and has an electrical heater and a paddle wheel
attached into it. The device goes through an isothermal expansion process during which
paddle wheel does 20 kJ work onto the system, the heater consumes 100 kJ of electricity
and boundary work involved is 50 kJ. Heat transfer during the process is: [2]
a. -70 kJ
b. +70 kJ
c. -170 kJ
d. +170 kJ

3. For an Ideal gas specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure are given by: 𝑐𝑣 =
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
0.8 + 0.0002𝑇 𝑘𝑔.𝐾 , and 𝑐𝑝 = 1 + 0.0004𝑇 𝑘𝑔.𝐾, where Temperature (T) is in Kelvin.
Consider a process where, temperature of the gas increases from 300 K to 400 K. Change in
enthalpy is: [2]
a. 114 kJ/kg
b. -114 kJ/kg
c. 87 kJ/kg
d. 0

4. A piston-cylinder device contains an ideal gas at 0.6 m3 and 800 kPa. The gas is compressed
isothermally to a volume of 0.2 m3. Work-done in the process is: [1]
a. -527.3 kJ
b. +527.3 kJ
c. 0
d. None of the above

5. A piston-cylinder device contains air and has an electrical heater and a paddle wheel
attached into it. The device goes through an isothermal compression process during which
paddle wheel does 20 kJ work onto the system, the heater consumes 100 kJ of electricity
and boundary work involved is 50 kJ. Heat transfer during the process is: [2]
a. -70 kJ
b. +70 kJ
c. -170 kJ
d. +170 kJ
6. For an Ideal gas specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure are given by: 𝑐𝑣 =
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
0.8 + 0.0002𝑇 , and 𝑐𝑝 = 1 + 0.0004𝑇 , where Temperature (T) is in Kelvin.
𝑘𝑔.𝐾 𝑘𝑔.𝐾
Consider a process where, temperature of the gas increases from 500 K to 800 K. Change in
enthalpy is: [2]
a. 279 kJ/kg
b. -279 kJ/kg
c. 0
d. 378 kJ/kg

7. A piston-cylinder device contains an ideal gas at 0.2 m3 and 800 kPa. The gas is expanded
isothermally to a volume of 0.6 m3. Work-done in the process is: [1]
a. -175.8 kJ
b. +175.8 kJ
c. 0
d. None of the above

8. A room contains 100 kg of air. A 1 kW electrical heater fitted in the room is turned on for 30
minutes. Room is losing heat at a rate of 100 W. The temperature rise of the air during the
process is: (For air: Cv=0.7 kJ/kg.K) [2]
a. 28.3 °C
b. No change
c. 15.2 °C
d. 23.1 °C

9. For an Ideal gas specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure are given by: 𝑐𝑣 =
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
0.8 + 0.0002𝑇 𝑘𝑔.𝐾 , and 𝑐𝑝 = 1 + 0.0004𝑇 𝑘𝑔.𝐾, where Temperature (T) is in Kelvin.
Consider a process where, temperature of the increases from 300 K to 400 K. Change in
internal energy is: [2]
a. 114 kJ/kg
b. -114 kJ/kg
c. 87 kJ/kg
d. 0
 Part 2
Question 1. An ideal gas at a given state expands to a fixed final volume in two
ways: first at constant pressure and then at constant temperature. For which case
is the work done greater? [2 Marks]
(a) Const. Pressure Process
(b) Const. Temperature Process
(c) Same in both cases
(d) Depends on the Final Volume

Question 2. During an expansion process, the pressure of a gas changes from

15 to 100 kPa according to the relation P = aV + b, where a = 5 kPa/m3 and b is
a constant. If the initial volume of the gas is 7 m3, calculate the work done
during the process. [3 Marks]
(a) 977.5 kJ
(b) 255 kJ
(c) 1700 kJ
(d) 891.25 kJ

Question 3. A fixed mass of an ideal gas is heated from 50°C to 80°C at a constant
volume of (a) 1 m3 and (b) 3 m3. For which case do you think the energy required
will be greater? Why? [2 Marks]
(a) In 1 m3 case
(b) In 3 m3 case
(c) Depends on Pressure change
(d) Same for both cases

Question 4. An insulated piston–cylinder device contains 5 L of saturated liquid

water at a constant pressure of 175 kPa. Water is stirred by a paddle wheel
while a current of 8 A flows for 45 min through a resistor placed in the water. If
one-half of the liquid is evaporated during this constant pressure process and the
paddle-wheel work amounts to 400 kJ, determine the approximate voltage of the
source. [3 Marks]
(a) 440 V
(b) 224 V
(c) 115 V
(d) 400 V
Question 5. What is the percent error involved in specific volume if generalized
compressibility Chart is used to represent the behavior of Ammonia at 40°C and
500 kPa? [2.5 Marks]
(a) Less than 4%
(b) Between 4% and 8%
(c) Between 8% and 12%
(d) No error involved

Question 6. What is the change in Internal Energy for Carbon Dioxide between
600 K and 1200 K? Find calculating the specific heat at Average temperature of
the process. [2.5 Marks]
(a) 611.8 kJ/kg
(b) 391.8 kJ/kg
(c) 603.9 kJ/kg
(d) 505.2 kJ/kg
 PART 3
Figures (a) and (b) represents the sp. heat curves for an ideal gas which undergoes a
polytropic process from state 𝟏 to state 𝟐 in a piston-cylinder arrangement. No other form of
work is done during this process. Temperature corresponding to state 𝟏 & state 𝟐 are 𝑻𝟏 =
𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝑲 & 𝑻𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑲.

1. In figure (b), if 𝒏 is the index of polytropic compression, what could be said for the
specific work done 𝒘𝟏𝟐 ? [1]
𝑃2 𝜈2 −𝑃1 𝜈1
a) 𝑤12 = − for ideal gases
1−𝑛
b) 𝑤12 = −𝑅(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) for ideal gases
𝑃2 𝜈2 −𝑃1 𝜈1
c) 𝑤12 = − for non-ideal gases
1−𝑛
𝑃2
d) 𝑤12 = 𝑅𝑇 𝑙𝑛 ( ) for ideal gases
𝑃1

2. If the shaded area in figure (a) is 𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈, then the specific work done 𝒘𝟏𝟐 in figure (b)
for an ideal gas is [2]
a) −𝟖 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈
b) 𝟖 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈
c) −𝟖𝟎 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈
d) 𝟖𝟎 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈.

3. For the process 1 to 2 shown in figure (b), if the change in specific enthalpy for nitrogen
(ideal gas) is ∆𝒉 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈, what is the net specific heat transfer 𝒒𝟏𝟐 during the
process shown in figure (b)? [2]
a) 351.6 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
b) −351.6 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
c) 589.04 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
d) −589.04 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
4. The ratio of boundary work done in a polytropic to isobaric expansion process from same
initial state to the same final volume for a closed system using an ideal gas as working
fluid is 𝟎. 𝟓. The coefficient of expansion 𝑛 for the polytropic process is [1]
a) 1.5
b) 0.5
c) 1.4
d) 1.3

Questions 5 is based on the figure below. When needed, 𝑻𝟏 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝑲 & 𝑻𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑲.

5. Assume that the area of the shaded region is 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈. If ∆𝒖 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈 from 𝑻𝟏 to
𝑻𝟐 , then for the same temperature range ∆𝒉 =_____? [2]
a) 400 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
b) 1000 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
c) 700 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
d) 300 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

6. For any closed system, if 𝑑ℎ = 𝛿𝑞, then which of the following(s) is/are true? [2]
a) Isobaric process, any material
b) Isothermal process, ideal gas
c) Isochoric process, ideal gas
d) Isobaric process, ideal gas
Figures (a) and (b) represent the sp. heat behavior of an ideal gas which undergoes an isobaric
process from state 𝟏 to state 𝟐 in a piston cylinder device. No other form of work is done
during this process. Temperature corresponding to state 𝟏 & state 𝟐 are 𝑻𝟑 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑲 & 𝑻𝟒 =
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑲.

7. Assuming that the pressure and temperature conditions allow it to be treated as an ideal
gas, which one(s) of the following could possibly be the ideal gas? [1]
a) Helium (monatomic)
b) Hydrogen (diatomic)
c) Water vapor (triatomic)
d) Carbon monoxide (diatomic)

8. Assume that the ideal gas is oxygen. The magnitude of the shaded area in Figure (a) for
unit mass is [2]
a) 25.98 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
b) 29.85 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
c) 28.59 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
d) None of the above

9. If the ideal gas is nitrogen, which of the following option(s) is/are true? [2]
a) Area of shaded region in figure (a) > Area of shaded region in figure (b)
b) Area of shaded region in figure (a) < Area of shaded region in figure (b)
c) Area of shaded region in figure (a) = Area of shaded region in figure (b)
d) Cannot be determined from given data
 BITS PILANI, DUBAI CAMPUS
SECOND SEMESTER 2019–2020
TEST 1 (Closed book)
Course Code: BITS F111 Date: 26.02.2020
Course Title: Thermodynamics Total Marks: 40
Duration: 50 minutes Weightage: 20%
Instructions:
 This question paper consists of 2 pages & 3 parts: Part A, B & C. All parts are compulsory.
 You can answer Part A, B or C in any order.
 Answer all questions from the same part together. Don’t answer Part A-Q1, then Part B-2 etc.
If you are answering Part B first, answer all 3 questions and then move on to the Part A or C.

Part A: 14 Marks (Expected completion time: 15-18 mins)

1. Find the absolute pressure as well as corresponding gage/vacuum pressure at the following
locations. Consider atmospheric pressure is 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑷𝒂
a) 𝟏𝟎 𝒎 under the surface of water in the ocean. (𝝆𝑯𝟐 𝑶 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒎𝟑 ) [2]
𝟑
b) On a hill station 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒎 in elevation. (𝝆𝒂𝒊𝒓 = 𝟏 𝒌𝒈/𝒎 ) [2]

2. Define state postulate. [2]

3. For 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈 water at 𝑷 = 𝟎. 𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂 and 𝑻 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 °𝑪, determine:

a) Phase [1.5]
b) Enthalpy (𝒌𝑱) [1.5]

4. A sealed, rigid vessel of 𝟐 𝒎𝟑 contains a saturated mixture of 𝑹 − 𝟏𝟑𝟒𝒂 at 𝟏𝟎 °𝑪. If it is

heated to 𝟓𝟎 °𝑪, the liquid phase disappears. Find:
a) Final specific volume [1]
b) Mass of 𝑹 − 𝟏𝟑𝟒𝒂 [1]
c) Dryness fraction at the initial state [2]
d) 𝑷 − 𝒗 diagram for the process [1]

Part B: 13 Marks (Expected completion time: 15-17 mins)

5. A 𝟏 𝒎𝟑 rigid tank has air at 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑷𝒂 and ambient
temperature of 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝑲 connected by a valve to a
piston cylinder arrangement. The piston of area
𝟎. 𝟏 𝒎𝟐 requires 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑷𝒂 below it to float. The
valve is opened and the piston moves slowly 𝟐 𝒎 up
and the valve is closed. During the process air
temperature remains 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝑲. For the tank, determine: -
a) Initial Mass [1]
b) Final Mass [4]

1
 c) Final Pressure [3]

6. Can quality be expressed as the ratio of the volume occupied by the vapor phase to the total
volume? Why or Why not? [2]

7. Plot the states for the following conditions on the same 𝑻 − 𝝂 diagram. [3]
State Condition
(a) 𝒉 = 𝒉𝒇 at given T
(b) 𝒖 > 𝒖𝒈 at given P
(c) 𝑷 > 𝑷𝒔𝒂𝒕 at given T

Part C: 13 Marks (Expected completion time: 12-15 mins)

8. Name the various types of equilibria (and what causes them) that a system must satisfy to be
in thermodynamic equilibrium. [2]

9. a) Define compressibility factor of a gas in the mathematical form of a ratio of two

like-quantities. [1]
b) Under what conditions (of 𝑷 & 𝑻) do gases have compressibility factor of 𝟏? [0.5+0.5]

10. a) What is the phase of a nitrogen at 𝑷 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟓 𝒌𝑷𝒂 & 𝑻 = 𝟔𝟑 𝑲? Show using a 𝑷 − 𝝂
diagram. [1+1]
b) Is the state of nitrogen in (a) completely specified by 𝑷 & 𝑻 mentioned? [1]
c) Based on answer in (b), do you think that the “state postulate” is still true? Why or why
not? [1+2]

11. Find the force, 𝑭 required to by a kid (by blowing air) to hold the water level in place.
𝒌𝒈 𝒌𝒈 𝒎
Given, 𝑷𝒂𝒕𝒎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑷𝒂, 𝝆𝑯𝟐 𝑶 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝟑 , 𝝆𝒂𝒊𝒓 = 𝟏 𝒎𝟑 , 𝒈 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒔𝟐. The diameter of the
tube could be assumed to be 𝟎. 𝟓 𝒄𝒎. [3]