short-term

energy source

· CH20

Monosacchavides condensation disacchavides and

can be joined together via reactions to form
polysaccharides
·
Polysaccharides of glucose
·
Cellulose /plant cell Wall /B) /inear arrangement
·
Starch/energy//plants use it,
roots)

Amylose /a-glucosel /ineau

Amylopective /a glucose//branched)
-

·
Glycogen /a- glucosel/branched)

they are
non-polar /do not mix with water

they include triglycerides , phospholipids ,

steroids ,
waxes and carotenoids

functions

Storage of
energy

Hormonal roles

Insulation

Protection of internal cavities

Structural components of a cell

fats and oils that function as a

long-term energy source

~formed via condensation between glycerol and

three acid chains

fatty
·
Condensation reactions produce water
 carbohy,drate Lipid

Storage short term

Long-term
Osmosis more effect on the cell Less effect on cell

Digestion readily digested less easily digested

ATP Yield Lower higher

Solubility Water soluble Not water soluble

Fatty acids are

long hydrocarbon chains found in some
types of lipids friglycerides phospholipids
,

Saturated

no double bonds

linear structure , solid at room

temperature

Unsaturated

double bonds

structure
may be bent , liquid at room temperature

Mono= single double bond Poly= multiple

Lipids need to be complexed with proteins to be transported in blood

Lipid globules are broken down by digestive system

Components are combined with

protein to form a
chylomicron

Chylomicrous are released from the intestinal cells into the lacteals

Liver converts
chylomicrous into soluble lipoproteins

High blood cholesteros levels lead to the hardening and narrowing of anteries

The resulting fatty forms plaques

deposits in the vessel walls

Rupturing of the atherosclerotic plaques triggers blood clot formation (thrombus

Certain types fatty acids affect the levels of blood cholesterol in different
of
ways
Cis fats the levels of blood cholesterol levels
increase HDL ,
lowering -

Saturated fat increase levels of LDL ,

raising blood cholesterol levels

Trans LDL and lower HDL levels , cholesterol

greatly raising
do
fats raise

~Any dictary component may cause adverse health effects if taken in

amounts

·
The
body mass index identifies weight ranges eisher via a
nomogram

to che
or
acording formula

BM1 =
mass in
kg
:

height in my

~Acording to the BM1 ,

a value between 18 3-209
.
is a
healthy

weight