PCS Activity
Modulation and Demodulation
Name – Chetan Balraje
Divison: B
Seat no. - T227401
01
Amplitude Shift Keying
Here, based on the digital
pulses, the amplitude of the
carrier signal is adjusted.
High amplitude - 1
Low amplitude - 0
02
Frequency Shift Keying
Here, based on the value of
digital pulses, the frequency of
the carrier signal is adjusted.
High frequency - 1
Low frequency - 0
03
Phase Shift Keying
Here, the phase of a carrier
signal is changed by 180
degrees when the digital pulse
moves from 1 to 0 or 0 to 1.
04
Modulation
 Modulation entails the encoding of
information in a signal or we can say
A low-frequency signal is added to a
high-frequency carrier signal.
 During modulation, data is
converted into electrical signals
 Carrier waves are of a constant
frequency, similar to a sine
wave.
05
Applications of Modulation
Amplitude Modulation techniques
are not only used in Cellular
Communication and FM radio. They
are also used in Television
Broadcasting, Wi-Fi and Optical
Fibres
06
Demodulation
 It refers to the process of extracting
information from a transmitted signal.
 Simply we can say process of extracting
the primary information-carrying signal
from a modulated carrier wave.
 Demodulation takes place in order to
create an original information signal by
separating the carrier signal from the
message signal.
07
How to choose the R and C
of the low pass filter in
order to perfectly recover
the amplitude-modulated
signal?
To perfectly recover an amplitude-
modulated (AM) signal using a low-
pass filter, we need to choose the
cutoff frequency of the filter so that
it passes the modulating signal (the
original audio signal) while filtering
out the carrier frequency and its
harmonics. The cutoff frequency of
the filter should be set just below the
carrier frequency so that it blocks out
the higher frequencies that contain
the carrier signal and its harmonics
while allowing the lower frequencies
to pass through.
The resistor and capacitor values
for the low-pass filter can be
chosen using the following formula:
fc = 1 / (2πRC)
Where fc is the cutoff frequency, R
is the resistance in ohms, and C is
the capacitance in farads. the values
of R and C, we need to know the
frequency ofthe carrier signal and the
desired cutoff frequency.
Conclusion
Basically we can say that modulation
use high frequency signal to carry
information about low frequency
signal .Demodulation recreate the
low frequency signal from high
frequency signal