Comparison between AM, FM and PM
Types of Modulation AM
Method of broadcasting electrical
signals that cannot travel very far on
their own. In this method, the signal
is imposed or 'imprinted' on a carrier
wave whose amplitude increases or
Concept / Theory
diminishes with the amplitude of the
signal. AM transmission operates in
the 535 to 1705 kilohertz frequency
band used for shortwave
broadcasting.
Modulator Circuits
This circuit uses two signal
generators to simulate an Amplitude
Modulated RF carrier wave. The
output can be used to simulate the
response of LC and tank circuits.
Two signal generators are used in this
circuit, one representing a high
frequency (200kHz) RF carrier, VG2,
the other signal generator is used to
FM
Method of broadcasting electrical
signals that cannot travel very far on
their own. In this method, the signal
is imposed or 'imprinted' on a carrier
wave whose frequency increases or
diminishes with the frequency of the
signal. FM transmission operates in
88 to 108 megahertz frequency band,
and is less susceptible to
electromagnetic interference than
amplitude modulation (AM).
The FM modulator circuit (frequency
modulation) is built with two
varactors, are used to frequency
modulate the oscillator. The 5000 Ω
potentiometer is used to bias the
varactors for the best linearity. The
output frequency of approximately
100 MHz can be adjusted by changing
the value of the inductor.
PM
A method of impressing data onto an
alternating-current (AC) waveform by
varying the instantaneous phase of
the wave. This scheme can be used
with analog or digital data. In analog
PM, the phase of the AC signal wave,
also called the carrier, varies in a
continuous manner.
Phase modulation is by no means a
common term. It turns out that
phase modulation is more relevant in
the context of digital RF. In a way,
though, we can say that PM radio is
as common as FM radio simply
because there is little difference
between phase modulation and
frequency modulation. FM and PM
are best considered as two closely
 inject a 1KHz audio signal. The two
signals are mixed and amplified by
the transistor and an amplitude
modulated signal appears at the
collector. The DC component is
removed by C2 and R3 and the RF
output now appears across the load
resistor R3. Waveforms below are
produced using Tina.
It is simple to implement
it can be demodulated using a circuit
Advantages consisting of very few components.
AM receivers are very cheap as no
specialized components are needed.
-It is not efficient in terms of its
power usage
-It is not efficient in terms of its use
of bandwidth, requiring a bandwidth
Disadvantages equal to twice that of the highest
audio frequency
It is prone to high levels of noise
because most noise is amplitude
based and obviously AM detectors
The output frequency can vary as
much 10 MHz on each side. The
output level of the modulator is -5
dBm. In this FM modulator prototype
the varactor bias was 7.5V for the
best linearity but this could be
different with other varactors.
Resilience to noise: One particular
advantage of frequency
modulation is its resilience to signal
level variations. The modulation
is carried only as variations in
frequency.
Easy to apply modulation at a low
power stage of the
transmitter: Another advantage of
frequency modulation is
associated with the transmitters.
It is possible to use efficient RF
amplifiers with frequency modulated
signals: It is possible to use non-linear
RF amplifiers to amplify FM
signals in a transmitter and these are
more efficient than the linear
ones required for signals with any
amplitude variations (e.g. AM and
SSB).
FM has poorer spectral efficiency
than some other modulation
formats: Some phase modulation and
quadrature amplitude
modulation formats have a higher
spectral efficiency for data
transmission than frequency shift
keying, a form of frequency
modulation.
related variants of angle modulation,
where “angle” refers to the
modification of the quantity passed
to a sine or cosine function.
-Phase modulation (PM) is a simple
contrasted to Frequency modulation
(FM).
-It is used to find out the velocity of a
target by removing Doppler data.
This needs constant carrier which is
achievable during phase modulation
however not in FM (frequency
modulation).
-The main benefit of this modulation
is signal modulation because it
permits computer for communicating
on high-speed using a telephone
system.
-When the information is being
transmitted without intrusion then
the speed rates can be observed.
-And one more advantage of PM
(phase modulation) is improved
immunity toward the noise.
-Phase modulation needs two signals
by a phase variation among them.
Through this, both the two patterns
are required like a reference as well
as a signal.
This type of modulation requires
hardware which obtains more
complex due to its conversion
technique.
 are sensitive to it.
-Broadcast transmissions
-Air band radio
Applications
-Single sideband
-Quadrature amplitude modulation
Refences:
Requires more complicated Phase ambiguity arrives if we exceed
demodulator: One of the minors index pi radian of modulation (1800).
disadvantages of frequency Phase modulation index can be
modulation are that the demodulator enhanced by employing frequency
is a little more complicated, and multiplier.
hence slightly more expensive than
the very simple diode detectors used
for AM.
-FM signals are used in technology
such as radars, telemeters, EEG, radio
broadcasting, satellite
Transmitting radio waves and is an
communication and magnetic tape-
integral element of many digital
recording systems.
transmission coding schemes that
-Frequency modulation can be used
support an ample range of wireless
for the broadcasting of FM radio. This
technologies such as GSM, Satellite
helps in larger signal to noise ratio.
television, and Wi-Fi. Phase
-Telemetry, radar and seismic
modulation is used in digital
prospecting, EEG monitoring of
synthesizers for generating waveform
newborns etc. also use the technique
and signal PM is used for signal and
of frequency modulation.
waveform generation in digital
-It is also used in music synthesis,
synthesizers.
some systems that use video-
transmission and for magnetic tape-
recording systems.

https://www.google.com/search?q=phase+modulation&oq=phase+modulation&aqs=chrome..69i57.3479j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

https://www.slideshare.net/vaanipathak/am-fm-pm

https://www.bharathuniv.ac.in/colleges1/downloads/biomed/AM,%20PM%20and%20FM%20modulation%20-%20Gomathi.pdf

http://www.zen22142.zen.co.uk/spice/ammod.htm

http://www.sattvengg.com/2016/08/what-is-modulation-am-fm-and-pm.html

https://www.electroschematics.com/889/fm-modulator/