RRY 036, 2021, Hand in 1, Answers

1.
a) Good conductor? 𝜎/𝜔𝜀~10^4. So, yes! For good conductor:
𝜔𝜇𝜎
𝑘 = = 0.79(1 − 𝑗) = 𝛽 − 𝑗𝛼
2

𝜶 = 0.79 𝑛𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑟/𝑚
2𝝅
𝝀= = 7.95 𝑚
𝜷

b) How far can it propagate before being attunated by 10dB?

10
𝛼𝑧 =
8.68
z = 1.46 m

c)

𝑘 = 𝜇 (80𝜀 𝜔 − 𝑗𝜎𝜔)
𝛿 =

2 80𝜀
𝛿 =
𝜎 𝜇

2.
a) |E|=1008 V/m
|H|=2.67 A/m

b) <W>=4.46*10^(-6) J/m^3

c) r < =2.3*10^(-7) m

3.
a) 𝑘⃗ = 2 ∗ 𝜋 ∗ 10 (𝑦 + 𝑧̂ )
1
𝑘= (𝑦 + 𝑧̂ )
√2
b)
𝜔
𝑘⃗ ∙ 𝑘⃗ =
𝑐
f=3*10^11 Hz

c)𝐸⃗ = (√2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧̂ )𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡 − 2𝜋10^3(𝑦 + 𝑧)) 𝑉/𝑚

Linearly polarized!
√2
𝐻⃗ = (−√2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧̂ )𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡 − 2𝜋10^3(𝑦 + 𝑧)) 𝐴/𝑚
377
4.
a) n  2,03  10 7  T 3  4,4  1015 m-3,  peak  5,88  1010 T  3,53  1013 Hz = 35,3 THz

b) I , , peak  4,1  10 11 W m-2 Hz-1 sr-1 (set   0)

c) The maximum of the specific intensity ( I , , peak   3peak  T 3 ) increases by a factor of 103,
the frequency of the peak ( peak  T ) increases by a factor of 10, and the power ( P  I  T 4 )
increases by a factor of 104.
Aul
d) Spontaneous emission dominates slightly (  e h / kT  1  4 ).
  Bul
e) The solid angle and frequency interval are small so we can do the approximation that the
specific intensity is constant within them (and hence use its value at 2  1013 Hz). Emission
straight forward implies   0 . Result: I  I ,      6,0  10 9 W m-2.

5.
1
a)  life   3,72 10 4 s  10,3 hours
Aul

Aul
b) ncrit.   3,2  10 5 cm-3
cul
(4,0 ∙ 10 cm-3 if stim.em. included with 𝑇 = 2,73 K, 4,2 ∙ 10 cm-3 with 𝑇 = 3,0 K)

c) In this question, both radiative processes and collisional processes need to be included. Set
up the equation describing statistical equilibrium, re-write it so that the critical density
(including the correction for stim.em.) appears there and solve for the excitation temperature
Tex . Plot the solution. Two limits can be studied analytically; Tex  Trad  2,73 K when
n  ncrit. (radiative processes dominate the excitation) and Tex  Tkin  40 K when n  ncrit.
(collisional processes dominate the excitation). Around n  ncrit. there is a (on a logarithmic
scale) relatively sharp transition between these limiting values. See formulae in the lecture notes
and the graph in exercise 19 (not the same numbers).

d) Tex  27,1 K (  27,4 K if stim.processes included).