SOCIETY

AND
THE SELF
What is the SELF?
• Separate – distinct from the
other selves
• It is unique and has its
own identity
• Self-contained and
independent
• can exist by itself
• With own thoughts,
characteristics and
volition
• Consistent – has personality
and enduring
• A particular trait, characteristic,
tendency or potential are more
or less the same
• Unitary – the center of all
experiences and thoughts
• Like the chief of command
• All processes, emotions,
thoughts converge
• Private – sorts out all
information, feelings and
emotions, and thought
processes
 EXTERNAL REALITIES
The Self in CULTURE The Self and FAMILY

Parenting
language
Style

Modes of Optional Parental

Courtship
dressing Parenting Roles

CULTURE FAMILY

Physical Extended Parental

Occupation
Apperance Family Involvement

Food Siblings
The Self in the SOCIAL WORLD

Neighbors

Friends School

SOCIAL
WORLD

Social
Community
Media

Church
 The Self in GENDER
GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) GAD (or Gender and
Man and woman are a peerless pair; Development)
being supplementary to one another; - focuses on the socially
each helps the other, so that without the constructed basis of
one, the existence of the other cannot be differences between men
conceived and, therefore, it follows that and women and
anything that impairs the status of either emphasizes the need to
of them will involve the equal ruin of challenge existing gender
them both. roles and relations
– Mahatma Gandhi
SEX AND GENDER
– Sex refers to the – Gender refers to the socially
determined ideas and practices of
biological what it is to be female or male.
characteristics that – Societies’ set rules, norms, customs
and practices that identify males
– categorize someone as and females
either female or male. – these differences define rights and
responsibilities and what is
‘appropriate’ behavior for women
and for men
– results in the two genders being
valued differently, often reinforcing
the idea that women are inferior
and subordinate to men
Gender equality
– means equal – women’s and men’s
opportunities, rights opportunities, rights and
responsibilities do not
and responsibilities for depend on whether they are
women and men, girls born female or male
and boys – implies that the interests,
– does not mean that needs and priorities of both
women and men are the women and men are taken
into consideration.
same
Women are the epitome of strength, love,
sacrifice and courage.
The role of women in today's world has
changed significantly and for
better. Women are now self-sufficient, well
aware and financially independent. ...
With the encouragement of co-
education, women are now marching side
by side with men, in every walk of life.
Facts on women’s status
– 66% of the world’s illiterate people are women
– Women provide 70% of the unpaid time spent in caring for
family members. This unpaid work provided by women is
estimated at US $11 trillion per year – one third of the global
GDP
– Women own 1% of the land in the world
– Women’s participation in managerial and administrative posts
is around 33% in the developed world, 15% in Africa and
13% in Asia and the Pacific
– There are only 5 female Chief Executives in the ‘Fortune
500’ corporations, the most valuable publicly owned
companies in the US
– Worldwide, only about 14% of members of parliament
are women. 7% of the world’s cabinet ministers are
women
– In the UN System, women hold 9% of the top
management jobs and 21% of senior management
positions, but 48% of the junior professional civil
service slots.
Sources: UNIFEM Statistics on Women and Development; UN Statistics
Division.
Some benefits from focusing on
gender in development
– Positive changes in gender relations and more
respectful social attitudes towards women
– More decision-making and political
participation by women in the community
– Women’s increased knowledge of their legal
rights
– Greater likelihood that girls would stay in
school
– Reduced violence against women
– Improved communication and mutual support
between men and women on family planning,
HIV and other sexually transmitted infections
– Increased knowledge by men of women’s health
care issues
– Shifts in attention about shared roles and
responsibilities between men and women in
childrearing, labour, and reproductive health
issues
- Source: UNFPA: State of the World Population 2005
 Gender Discrimination
– The systematic, unfavorable treatment of individuals on the
basis of their gender, which denies them rights,
opportunities or resources
– Across the world, women are treated unequally and less
value is placed on their lives because of their gender.
– Women’s differential access to power and control of
resources is central to this discrimination in all
institutional spheres, i.e. the household, community,
market, and state.
Gender Division of Labor
– The socially determined ideas
and practices which define what
roles and activities are deemed
appropriate for women and men.
Defining Sexual Orientation
– Sexual orientation: A person’s permanent
emotional, romantic, or sexual feelings toward
certain type people.
– Sexual orientation also refers to a person’s
sense of identity based on those attractions,
related behaviors, and membership in a
community of others who share those
attractions.
Who are WE?
LGBTQ:
a. Tolerant?
b. Sensitive?
c. Affirmative?
Whatever your gender is…….

“Good behavior is
expected of everyone
and does not exempt
anyone.”