GE 19: Life and Works of Rizal

Activity No. 1
1. Below is a column for you to accomplish in this activity. On the first column write
down the sources of abuses of Spanish Authorities and on the second column is
the effect to the Philippine Social structure.
Sources of abuses of Spanish Effect to the Philippine Social
Authorities structure.
 Natives are pushed to live a
much poorer life.
 Traditional livelihoods are
destroyed.
Forced labor  Creation of dependent labor
force.
 Traditional community
structures and values are not of
any importance.
 Bring economic problems to
some locals.
 Forced labor is used as a
substitute if one cannot pay.
Tribute and taxation
 Increased poverty and
inequality.
 Sparked social unrest and
protests.
 People are forced to convert to
Christianity.
 Indigenous religions and
Religious suppression traditions are banned.
 Loss of cultural identity.
 Political and social matters are
governed by the church.
 Social hierarchy is based on
race and ethnicity.
 Discrimination against the
indigenous population.
Spanish-mestizo privilege
 Limited opportunities for native
Filipinos.
 Creation of a racially stratified
society.
Cedula personal tax  Increased financial burden of
individuals.
 Economic well-being of the
people were disrupted.

Land ownership concentration
Encomienda system
2. On the Filipino Nationalism
Factors Contributed to Filipino
Nationalism
 Opening of the Philippines to
International Trade and the
Rise of the Middle Class
 Influx of European Liberalism
 Opening of the Suez Canal on
November 17, 1869
 Spanish Revolution of 1868
and the Liberal Regime of
Carlos Maria Dela Torre(1869-
1871)
 Over nearly four centuries of
Spanish colonization, filled with
injustice, which awakened a
sense of resistance from the
natives.
 Filipino intellectuals and
reformists launched the
Propaganda Movement
wherein they used writings,
newspapers, and publications
 Contributed to more protests
and social conflict.
 Large land grants to Spanish
elites and clergy.
 Dispossession of indigenous
land rights.
 Creation of a feudal-like system.
 Limited access to land and
resources for native Filipinos.
 Displacement of indigenous
peoples from their ancestral
lands.
 Forced labor and exploitation of
indigenous communities.
 Economic inequality as
encomenderos gained wealth
and power.
 Decline in native populations
due to harsh conditions and
diseases.
Effect to the awakening of Filipino
Nationalism
 abolished censorship of the
press and allowed unlimited
discussions of political
problems and proclaimed
freedom of speech
 abolished flogging as a
punishment
 curtailed abuses particularly the
tribute and the polo
 allowed secular priests to be
assigned to vacant parishes or
seminaries and created an
office which would prevent
abuses by members of the
regular religious orders
 reformed the Royal Audiencia
to bring about speedier
administration of justice
 decreed educational reforms,
ordered the setting up of
 to expose the abuses of
Spanish authorities and
advocate for reforms.
 The use of the term "Filipino" to
refer to the natives of the
islands fostered a sense of
nationhood and unity among
diverse ethnic groups.
 Education helped nurture a
sense of political awareness
and determination.
 Influence of the religious sector
 Katipunan and armed
resistance
 Philippine revolution
 The struggle against American
colonialism further galvanized
Filipino nationalism as Filipinos
sought to assert their
independence from a new
colonial power.
 The sacrifices and martyrdom
of national heroes like Jose
Rizal and Andres Bonifacio
became powerful symbols of
the Filipino nationalist struggle,
inspiring future generations to
continue the fight for
independence.
medical, pharmacy, and
vocational schools
 created the Council of the
Philippines on December 4,
1870 which was a consultative
body to study Philippine
problems and propose
solutions to them.
 Unity Among Diverse Ethnic
Groups: The movement for
Filipino nationalism brought
together people from various
ethnic backgrounds and
regions of the Philippines.
 Political Consciousness:
Filipino nationalism raised
awareness about political
rights, self-determination, and
the idea of a Filipino nation-
state.
 Resistance Against Colonial
Rule: The awakening of Filipino
nationalism led to various forms
of resistance against colonial
rule, including protests,
uprisings, and the formation of
revolutionary groups like the
Katipunan.
 Cultural Renaissance:
Nationalism also sparked a
cultural renaissance in the
Philippines. Filipinos sought to
revive and celebrate their
cultural heritage, languages,
and traditions as a way to
assert their distinct identity and
resist assimilation into the
colonial culture.
 Literature and Artistic
Expression: Filipino nationalism
inspired writers, poets, artists,
and musicians to create works
that expressed the Filipino spirit
and the desire for
independence. Works of
literature, such as Jose Rizal's
 novels, became important
vehicles for conveying
nationalist ideas.
 Formation of Revolutionary
Governments: As Filipino
nationalism grew, revolutionary
governments were established,
most notably the First
Philippine Republic led by
Emilio Aguinaldo.
 International Solidarity: The
Philippine nationalist movement
sought international support
and solidarity, especially during
the Spanish-American War
when the United States
intervened in the Philippines.
Filipinos tried to leverage global
events to advance their cause.
 Legacy of National Heroes: The
sacrifices and leadership of
national heroes like Jose Rizal,
Andres Bonifacio, and Emilio
Aguinaldo left a lasting legacy.
 Education and Intellectual
Discourse: The intellectual
discourse surrounding
nationalism led to the
development of political
ideologies and philosophies
that shaped the vision for an
independent Philippines.
 Legacy of Resistance: The
spirit of resistance against
colonial rule and the quest for
self-determination became
deeply ingrained in the Filipino
psyche.
 Transition to Republican
Government: The pursuit of
nationalist goals ultimately led
to the establishment of the First
Philippine Republic in 1899.
Although short-lived due to the
Philippine-American War, it
marked a significant step
 toward self-governance.

References:

Gonzales, J. M. G. (n.d.). Abuses of the Spaniards towards Filipinos (Spanish

Colonizat. prezi.com. https://prezi.com/3-x3z6bm6uia/abuses-of-the-spaniards-

towards-filipinos-spanish-colonizat/

Philippines in the 19th century. (2014, July 27). Dimasalang Laong Laan.

https://dimasalanglaonglaan.wordpress.com/philippines-in-the-19th-century/

Submitted by:
Reycris A. Masanque
BSEE 2A