GE4: LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL 1.

Treaty on general relations

Who is the greatest hero of the Philippines? States that the PH will be on a special relation with the US
means the friend and their enemy becomes our enemy.
• He was a martyr who dies for the Filipinos
• Some sectors even call him the "Tagalog Christ" 2. Bell Trade
• Filipinos admire him as a man with many talents
Opening free trade between US and the Philippines.
Heroes are Human
3. Parity Rights
We have to look beyond their human side.
Utilization, exploitation, and total control of Philippine
NATIONALISM natural resources.

• both power and a philosophy of power. It is a 4. Military Bases Agreement

power that has moved people to forge nations
where there were none and prodded them to
exceptional achievements.
• It made the PH a state as well as gave the world
the first modern example of an Asian people's
revolution against Western colonialism.
• A philosophy of power concerned with strategies,
methods, and processes of building, developing,
and nourishing the power of a state as an organic
entity.
08/20/21
Establishment of 23 military bases throughout the PH for the
period of 99 years.
• containment
• Purpose ng Military Bases sa PH? Independent
countries from Communist’s countries.
5. The Military Assistance agreement
The PH will be dependent on American Military assistance,
and we were given 2nd hand weapons and ammunitions
priced as brand-new.

THE STORY OF RIZAL LAW 6. Mutual defense treaty

Claro M. Recto recognized the need to instill heroism Signed in 1951 which states that if US is attacked by another
among the youth at the time the country was experiencing country, the PH will be in its side while if the PH is attacked
social turmoil. by another country, the Americans will still have to consult
their congress.
- Author of The Rizal Bill together with Jose P. Laurel.
• Product of American schools
- The imperialist presence in the form of American influence
• IMPERIALISM = NATIONALISM to liberate the minds
was strong in the country's economy and political policies.
of students and eradicate the communal
(Military, education, culture, religion)
colonialism.
imperialist - calculated policy of enslaving the entire nation
THE RIZAL BILL
without direct occupation.
Under the bill it shall be obligatory for college and uni
- Communist insurgency.
students to study the life and works of Jose Rizal > the
> hindi mawawala ang problema kasi nagfeed sa issuance of the bill was not welcomed by various quarters.
problema sa lupa (feudalism)
• The Catholic Church assailed the Rizal Bill as anti-
> forefront Hukbalahap; product of mahabang panahon church.
ng feudalism. • Catholic organization Accion Catolico headed by
Senator Francisco Rodrigo.
Japanese -> American imperialists
 • Rizal’s novels presented a false picture of the STATE - sovereign rule
conditions of the country at that time.
• Out of the 333 pages of the Noli there were only 25
patriotic statements compared to 120 anti- What does it mean to be a product of history?
Catholic statements.
Tinubuang Bayan/Soil/Lupa
• It endangers the faith of the Catholics.
• Recto only introduced his Rizal Bill to get back at
the Catholic voters.
THE PUEBLO AND THE REORDERING OF NATIVE LIFE
RA 1425
The story of Rizal begins in the Laguna Town of Calamba
Republic Act of 1425, also known as the Rizal Law
Bajo de la Campana - hearing distance of the church bell
mandated the study of Jose Rizal’s life and his major literary
works. Township - territory comprising of several barangays

The law was proposed by Senators Claro M. Recto and Poblacion (to Reduccion) -Quijana de Manila describes as

Jose P. Laurel. "the infrastructure of PH civilization" was first laid. The

barangay in which the church as located
It was approved by then President Ramon Magsaysay on
June 12, 1956, which is also the anniversary of the
independence of the PH.
The collection of barangays into large units "encouraged a

“Thou shalt strive for independence of thy country; for only broader sense of community, beyond one's kin." - Fernando

thou canst have any real interest in her advancement Zialcita

and exaltation, because her independence constitutes

thy own liberty; her advancement, the perfection; and
her exaltation, thy own glory and immortality.” hindi mo narinig ung kampana sa simbahan, hindi kana
part ng community na yorn.

Nation: An Imagined Community?

August 27, 2021 According to Benedict Anderson, a nation is an imagined

community bc it created delineations and artificial
RIZAL AND THE THEORY OF NATIONALISM
boundaries. (because of ideologies).

how the ph we know today developed today.

Commercial Agriculture and the new principalia

"Nations are fairly recent phenomenon in History."

The growth of an export economy driven by the industrial
- Ernest Renan (philosopher & historian)
revolution in the West and the expansion of internal trade

• When Jose Rizal was born in 1861, there was no transformed the structure of colonial society.

Filipino nation. No concept of Nation.

JOSE RIZAL (mestizo)
• Bayan originally meant "community", over time, as
missionaries founded pueblos or towns, bayan • A multiethnic and multiracial middle class quite

came to mean the pueblo. distinct from the old principalia emerged.
• The most Hispanized members of colonial society
NATION - sense of belongingness that pertains you are part
of it. (FILIPINO)
principalia (rich families)
illustrados (enlightened)
THE TROUBLE WITH EDUCATION (freedom from illustions)
The claims and aspirations that came with increased
wealth could only intensified with education, the desire for
which was itself a natural consequence of wealth. Pierre
Bourdieu calls it "cultural capital".
"habitus" -socially acquired habits and dispositions that
serve as a ready template for generating perceptions,
thoughts, and actions in everyday life.
The Rizal family showed appreciation for the value of
education. The spouses Francisco and Teodora,
themselves rather well-education by contemporaneous
standards, invested heavily in the formal education of their
children.
Schumacher observes that the first assertion of equality
with Spaniards and the first conscious effort efforts to obtain
recognition of native capacities date from the same
period when non-peninsular youth began to attend the
university in relatively large numbers to obtain advanced
degrees.
The pursuit of higher education, now a key feature of
principalia identity, also led to life journey that progressively
widened the social and cultural horizons of the people.
SPANISH REACTION
With the empire's loss of territories especially in the Spanish
America independent wars, the political turmoil in the
mother country, and the decline of the galleon trade, the
Spaniards felt uneasy with the growing consciousness of
identity in their largest remaining colony, the Philippines.
ASSESSMENT
FALSE
1. The Indios were entirely anticlerical in the sense that they
singled out the friars as the biggest enemy of progress in the
PH.
2. The nation we know today as the Philippines have only
arisen when it became formally part of Spain in 1812.
3. The idea that Filipinos should be liberated from the
domination of the Spaniards was the guiding principle of
Propaganda Movement.
4. Even when the Spanish empire lost territories in the
Spanish America independent wars, the Spaniards pay no
attention to their most loyal colony, the Philippines.
5. The pursuit of higher education is a key feature of all
classes in society.
6. Liberal reformers exerted intellectual effort to argue for
racial equality while insisting on their loyalty to the
Philippines, their mother country.
7. The extent of the Spanish empire was put to test due to
the rapid industrialization of their colonies.
TRUE
1. The Spaniards discouraged the natives to use a common
language (Spanish) as it might mean national unity.
2. Thirst of knowledge led people to life journeys that
widened their social and cultural horizons.
3. Nations are constructed because it is created artificially
by men.
4. Opposition to the spread of knowledge and withholding
of knowledge from the public is a form of obscurantism.
(the practice of deliberately preventing the facts or full
details of something from becoming known.)
5. Jose Rizal is remembered as the First Filipino because he
was the first to imagine the Philippines as a whole.
6. Nations, as they are encountered today, are a recent
phenomenon in history.
7. The first significance assertion of the equality with the Administering the country's parishes was done by the
Spaniards is when non-peninsular youth began to attend regular priests who belong the different religious orders:
the university to obtain advanced degrees.
1. Augustinians
8. The nation is imagined because in the minds of the
2. Recollects
people, there is an image of their communion. The
historical condition at that time made people come to 3. Jesuits
identify themselves as Filipinos.
4. Franciscans
September 3, 2021
5. Dominicans
THE WORLD DURING THE TIME OF RIZAL

- Rizal is a product of history. We have Rizal because of the

-pinapadala sa spain ung reports nila
19th century.

SOCIETY OF JESUS l 1540

• During the year of his birth the Philippines was still a
colony of Spain. • The secular priests who were mostly composed of
• The 19th century was a century of change the natives were "found to be unready to head
• The Age of Enlightenment parishes"
• The explusion of the Jesuits in 1767 created some
opportunities for seculars to occupy some
-period of change parishes.
• When the Jesuits were allowed to return in 1858,
-during this time Ph, was not an independent nation.
parishes held by the seculars were given back to
the regulars.
• This secularization issue has become race issue; in
THE NEED FOR REFORMS
the forefront of this struggle were Filipino priests like
REPRESENTATION Father Pedro Pelaez; Jacinto Zamoa, Mariano
Gomes, and Jose Burgos.
• The constitution of cadiz had a novel feature of
allowing colonies to be represented in the Spanish -Pinagpatuloy ng GomBurZa
parliament.
• Ventura Reyes, a Spaniard born in the Philippines,
was selected to represent the colony. The conditions in Europe and Asia
• King Ferdinand VII abolished the Cortes after
1. Absolute monarchs in France and Austria were being
Napoleon was defeated.
toppled by the people.
• The decision was unpopular as American colonies
began to revolt and sought independence. 2. Tsar Alexander II emancipated Russian serfs.

- the natives nagalit 3. Germany was on the process of unification.

4. The Italians threw out the Austrians and took over the
papal lands.
RELIGIOUS FRONT: SECULARIZATION
In the US, Abraham Lincoln emancipated the black slaves. The status of women bago dumating ang kastila, they
enjoy sexual freedom. (babae priests).
-nabuuo na ung concept ng equality.
Nung dumating ang kastila, nagkaroon ng standard in the
concept of Mama Mary.
In Asia, (there is another wave of colonialism)

The British gained its colony in Hong Kong.

Japan was forced open by the Americans under
commodore Matthew Perry.
Indochina became a protectorate of France.
India became a crown colony of Great Britain.
CONDITIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES IN THE 19TH CENTURY.
• In the Ilocos, leading citizens there called the
KAILANES, (marami pang iba) refused to believe in
that the constitutions were abolished by King
Ferdinand and rose up and revolt.
• Mexican soldiers led by Lt. Andres Novales
mutinied. They complained of discrimination and
unfair treatment from peninsular officials.
• Apolinario de la Cruz refused to disband his
religious organization, the Confradia de San Jose.
• By 1834, the mercantilist (exclusivetivity in trade)
policy of not allowing the PH to trade with other
countries was scrapped with the opening of
Manila to the world.
• There was brisk demand for PH products such as
sugar, coffee, abaca (pantali ng ships), tobacco
and rice.
• This created economic opportunities to many
families. particularly the mestizos...
• These families were mostly mestizos consisting of
Spanish and Chinese families.
• In the process, they formed the nucleus of the
middle class
• By the time of the birth of Rizal in 1861, the quest for
eqaulity was the cry of times.

-nung nakapag-aral ang tao ang clamore naman nila ay

equality within the spaniards.
• Demographically, the Spaniards were a minority in
the Philippines. THE BIRTH OF RIZAL
• The Spaniards managed to retain the loyalty of the
• Jose Rizal was born on June 19, 1861, in calamba,
native officials by giving them certain privileges.
laguna.
• The gobernadorcillos were afforded the titles of
• The family belonged to the affluent principalia
capital municipal, teniente and cabeza.
class.
• Nasa principalia class ang lahat, that's why they
• Aside from being inquilino (tenant ng mga
have everything to loss.
Dominicano), Dona Lolay tended a store at the
ground floor of their house.
• As tenants in the Dominican estate the Rizal family
• The Spaniards controlled the military and police.
grew corn, dyestuff, rice, and sugar cane on their
(Protectors of the nation)
farm.
• They controlled education in the country as the
• They operated a sugar mill, a flour mill, and a ham
country's educational institutions were controlled
press.
by religious orders.
• Religious officials were also guardians of public
morals.
• At the time of Rizal's birth, the PH was governed by
Moral relativism - Governor Jose Lemery.
 • (piracy) ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
• It was a time of relative peace as the Moro raids
"Agrarian Revolt" For it would not be the kasama who
on Luzon had stopped.
would challenge friar ownership, but the prosperous
• The sulu sultanate fell to the hands of the Spanish
INQUILINOS. to weaken the friar's influence in the PH
force under Gov. Genral Antonio Urbiztondo in
political life.
1851.
ASSESSMENT

• Events in Spain eventually affect the PH.

• In spain, discontent was growing under its
monarch, Queen Isabella II.
• By the year 1868, she was overthrown by her
generals Francisco Serrano and Juan Prim and was
exiled to France.
• THE fILIPINO middle class families sought higher
education and became aprt of the colony's
intellectural citizens called ILLUSTRADOS.
• ILLUSTRADOS came from the spanish word "Illustar"
means "to be enlightened"
With the ilustrados' aims to
1. Make the Philippines a colony of Spain with real
representatives in the Spanish Cortes (lawmaking body)
2. have the PH release its own independent newspaper,
education stemming from abroad made its course in the
islands. Despite this change in educational landscape,
human rights abuses were still rampant, mostly by friars and
by the Guardia Civil (police force).
One major injustice that even Rizal had experienced was
the unfair treatment of indios (derogatory term for a native
Filipino) as compared to Spanish peoples.
• RACISM was rampant in the 19th century PH, even
within the academic institutions that Rizal went
into.
• POLO Y SERVICIO or forced labor was stll being
imposed on indios, as well as ILLEGAL LAND
REQUISITIONS by wealthy Spaniards.
• Women were not being treated fairly as they were
the usual victims of sexual abuse and beatings by
the Guardia Civil.
September 10, 2021
• The Spaniards withdrew to this city where they
drafted a constitution (CADIZ)
• The ilustrado class of teh Filipinos came from the
(MIDDLE CLASS)
• One of these is a result of the abolition of the
constitution of 1812 (Revolt of the Kailianes)
• What could be the best explanation why Spanish
friars became the most visible element of stability
and continuity of Spanish sovereignty in the rest of
the Philippines? (They administer the country's
parishes thus have a relative advantage of actual
presence and knowledge of the local culture)
• King Ferdinand VII was (believer in divine rights)
• Under the Constitution of Cadiz, a Cortes or
parliament was established, and it included (all the
Spanish colonies)
• When the Napoleon installed his borther Joseph as
King of Spain, the Spaniards (declared loyalty to
Ferdinand VII)
• The secularization issue is the religious front of
reform. In the forefront of this struggle were the
seculars who were (Mostly composed of native
and non-peninsular priests)
• The following are the remaining colonies under
Spain during the time of Rizal except (Venezuela)
• Spain managed to control the PH through (the
support of native officials and employees)
• The 19th Century was time of great transformation
in all spheres of life in Europe. The following events
in history reflect social change and realities
except: (Absolutism in France)
✓ Controversies around the family. Rizal's mother
stayed in prison because of allegedly attempted
murder.
 ✓ Knowledge in botany, physics, skills in engineering. 4. El Filibusterismo
✓ Badjaos are the sea gyphies. 5. Ang Huling Paalam

GROUP 1 REPORTER PAGLALAKABAY NI RIZAL

ANG PINAGMULAN NI RIZAL Hindi siya nasiyahan sa kanyang pag-aaral sa Pamantasan

ng Santo Tomas – sa kanyang palagay ang kanyang
• Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonzo Realonda
propesor ng Dominiko ay galit sa kanya, May mababang
“Pepe”
tingin sa mga Pilipino at ang kanilang tinuturo ay masama
• June 19, 1861, Calamba, Laguna
at makaluma dahil sa mga ito, siya ay pinayuhan nina
• Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado Y Alejandro
Antonio Rivera, Paciano at Saturnina na mag-aral ng
• Teodora Morales Alonzo Realonda Y Quintos
medisina sa ibang bansa.
DOMINGO LAM-CO
MGA PINUNTAHANG BANSA NI JOSE RIZAL
✓ Rizal’s great-great grandfather
Singapore – Mayo 9-11, 1882
✓ Chinse immigrant from Chiang Chow
✓ Chinese Community ✓ Nanatili sa Hotel de la Paz
✓ In 1713, “Mercado” ✓ Ang hardin botaniko.
✓ Namasiyal sa mga templo at mga tanghalan ng
EDUKASYON NI JOSE RIZAL
sining.
• Si Donya Teodora Alonzo Bilang Unang Guro ni
COLOMBO – Mayo 12, 1882
Rizal
• Maestro Celestino, Lukas Padua at Leon Monroy. ✓ Djemnah
• Pag-aaral ni Rizal sa Binan ✓ Pagdating sa Point Galle
• Ateneo Municipal de Manila (1877) – AB
MERSELLES – Hunyo 13, 1882
Sobresaliente/ Cum Laude.
• UST – Kursong Pilosopiya at Panitikan, at Kursong ✓ Noalles Hotel
Medesina. ✓ Chateau d’lf
• Colegio de Santa Isabel – studied Espanyol
BARCELONA – Hunyo 16, 1882
• Unibersidad Central ng Madrid – Kursong
Medesina nagtapos bilang Sobresaliente ✓ “Amor Patrio” o “Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa”
• Sa pagtatapos ni Rizal sa kursong medesina ay ✓ Basilia Teodoro
nag-aral siya ng iba’t ibang wika. Siya ay ✓ Unibersidad Centra; de Madrid (Medisina,
maituturing na isang Dalubwika. Pilosopiya at Panitikan)
✓ Academia de San Fernando (pagpinta at
MGA HILIG NI RIZAL
eskultura)
1. Fencing ✓ Unang kabanata ng Noli Me Tangere
2. Chess
MADRID – September
3. Judo
4. Pagsusulat ✓ Universidad Central de Madrid (Medisina,
Pilosophiya at Panitikan)
MGA NAISULAT NI RIZAL
✓ Academic de San Fernando (pagpinta at
1. Liham sa Kababaihan ng Malolos eskultura)
2. Ang Katamaran ng mga Pilipino ✓ Unang kabanat ng Noli Me Tangere
3. Noli Me Tangere
PARIS – Oktubre 1885
 ✓ Optalmolohiya ✓ Hindi nagustuhan ang hindi pagkapantay-pantay
✓ Dr. Louis De Wecker na isang Pranses at magaling ng mga mamamayang kakaiba ang lahi (racial
na manggamot sa mata. discrimination)

HEIDELBERG LONDON

✓ Pamantasan ng Heidelberg ✓ Pamamalagi dito ng isang taon

✓ Dr. Otto Becker ✓ Asociacion La Solidaridad
✓ Isinulat ang” Pilpinas sa loob ng isang daang Taon”
WILHEMSFELD
Ang Pag-ibig sa tinubuang bayan at “Isang liham
✓ Natapos niya ang huling kabanata ng Noli Me sa kadalagahan ng Malolos”
Tangere (Pebrero 21, 1887)
GHENT, BELGIUM
yie nagbabasa pa rin siya
✓ Unang na-ilatha ang El Filibusterismo
BERLIN - 1887
HONG KONG – Nobyembre 20, 1891
✓ Unang nailathala ang Noli Me Tangere
✓ Nag-ensayong optamolohiya (sa tulong ni Dr.
✓ Isinulat ang “Taglische Verkunst”
Lorenzo Marquez)
✓ Naging miyembro ng Ethnographic society of
✓ Inoperahan ang kanyang ina sa mata
berlin. Anthropological Society at Geographical
✓ Nagsulat kay Gobernador Heneral Eugenio
society.
Despujol
PILIPINAS
PILIPINAS – Hunyo 26, 1892
✓ Pagtatayo ng isang Klinika sa Calamba
✓ Hunyo 26, 1892
✓ Sinimulan ang El Filibusterismo
✓ Itinatag niya ang La Liga Filipina sa bahay ni
✓ Ikalawang Paglalakbay
Doroteo Ongjunco sa Tondo, Maynila.
✓ Napapalagay sa panganib ang kanyang pamilya
sa Calamba Hulyo 3, 1892

HONG KONG ✓ Pinakulong at pinatapan sa Dapitan (Hulyo 17,

1892- Hulyo 31, 1896)
✓ Nagdalang 800 na kopya ng unang edisyon ng El
FilI DAPITAN
✓ Pinag-aralan ang pamumuhay ng mga instik
✓ Ginoong Ricardo Carnicero (komandanteng
JAPAN Espanyol)
✓ Nagtrabaho bilang isang manggagamot.
✓ Nag-aral ng drama, arts, at musika ng mga
✓ Nakilala si Josephina Bracken
Hapon, pati na rin ang judo.
✓ Isinulat ang “Mi Retiro”
✓ Nakilala si O-sei-san.
✓ Nagboluntaryo bilang isang taga gamut sa Cebu.
ESTADOS UNIDOS
DUMAGUETE
✓ Hinangaan ang natural na kagandahan ng bansa
✓ Binisita ang dating kaklase (Herrero Regidor)
at ang napakaraming oportunidad para sa mga
✓ Nagsagawa ng isang operasyon sa mata.
mamamayan.
CEBU

✓ Agosto 2, 1896
 ✓ Nagsagawa ng mga operasyon (strabotomiya) nalililiman ng mga puno ng saging at iba pang
punong kahoy.
ILOILO
o Leon Monroy, nagturo ng Latin
✓ Agosto 4, 1896
PAGKAMATAY NG KAPATID NA SI CONCHA
✓ Raymundo Melliza (kaibigan at dating kaklase)
(CONCEPCION)
PAPUNTANG CUBA
o 8 years old si Rizal nang namatay ang kanyang
✓ Dumaan muna sa Capiz at Rombian bago batang kapatid na babae.
dumating sa Maynila.
ALAALA NI RIZAL NOONG LUMUWAS SILA NG KANYANG
✓ Nakasakay ng barko patungo muna sa Espanya,
AMA SA MAYNILA
atgaling doon ay tutungo naman sa Cuba.
✓ Barcelona (hinuli at dinala sa Montjuich o Pagsilang ng ikatlo nyang kapatid na babae na si
Penitentiary) Trinidad noong Hunyo 6, 1868.
✓ Maynila (ipinatapon sa Fort Santiago) Nobyembre
PAGBALIK NI RIZAL SA KANYANG BAYAN
3.
o Bumalik si Rizal at nanirahan doon hanggang 1870.
KAMATAYAN NI RIZAL
Taong unang nagging tanda ng pagkakawalay.
✓ Disyembre 30. 1896
KABANATA 2: Buhay na malayo sa magulang
✓ General Camilo Polavieja
✓ Walong sundalo BINAN
✓ Patihaya
• Ipinadala si Rizal upang mag-aral ng Wikang
✓ Consummatum Est: It is completed.
Latin.
✓ Inilibing sa Paco Cementary.
JUSTINIANO AQUINO CRUZ
GROUP 2: ALAALA NG ISANG MAG-AARAL
• His teacher when he was 9 years old
Pag-uulat sa mga isinisulat ni rizal noong siya’y nag-aaral.
MGA NAKAAWAY NI RIZAL HABANG NASA PAARALAN
KABANATA 1: Ang aking kapanganakan
1. Pedro
✓ 20:00-23:00, Hunyo 19, 1861
2. Andres Calundaan
✓ Francisco Mercado at Teodora Alonso Y Quintos l
o Ang pagtitiis. Naging bantog ang kanyang
6 babae, 1 lalaki = 10 sibling
pangalan sa mga kaklase
✓ Fe da baustimo; sulat ni rizal kung saan nabasa
ang tungkol sa pangalan ng kanyang Ina na si ARAW NA UMALIS SIYA SA BINYAN
Teodora Realonda.
o Dec 17, 1871; 10 years old.
✓ Apelyido ni Rizal at kanyang magulang: walang
apelyidong katutubo KABANATA 3: Ang pagkakakulong ng Ina ni Rizal

RIZAL: luntiang kabukiran GINOONG JOSE ALBERTO

MGA ITINURO NG AMA AT INA NI JOSE RIZAL o Tatay ni Rizal na galling Europa
o Nakulong si Dona Teodora Alonso
o Nakapagtayo ng isang bahay na bato at nakabili
pa ng isa, nakapagpagawa ng isang maliit na ANTONIO VIVENCIO DEL ROSARIO

inapton ng pawid sa gitna ng halamang

o Ang nagpakulong kay Dona Teodora
 o Ginalang ni Rizal pati rin ang kanyang mga PAGKULONG SA NANAY NI RIZAL: 10 years old
kapatid na alcalde.
BUMALIK SA MAYNILA
GINOONG FRANCISCO DE MARCIADA AT GINOONG
✓ Tatlong Piso; pambayad sa susunod sa pasukan
MANUEL MARZA
✓ Magnalles Street: tirahan ni Rizal sa Maynila
o Lawyers ni Dona
PAGBABASA NI RIZAL
HUNYO 10, 1872
✓ El Ultimo Aberncerraje
o Bumalik si Rizal sa maynila w Paciano to study in ✓ Cesare Cantu
Ateneo Municipal para sa 3rd year in college.
KABANATA 5: Si Rizal habang nasa UST at kanyang
o Nanirahan sa bahay ni Donya Pepay.
kahusayan
o Nagsiluot sa Letran para mag-aral ng Doctrina
Cristiana, Aritmetika at Lectura APRIL 1877

PARI VILACLARA AT PARI MINOVES ✓ UST; 16 years old – Kurso sa Arts and Letters

o 2 fav teachers of Rizal NARCISA

o Nag-aral ng Philosophy, Physics, Kimika at
✓ Kapatid ni Rizal na nagpakasal
Istoryang Natural.

KABANATA 4: Buhay ni Rizal habang nasa Ateneo o Isang makata

o Mahusay sa kanyang pinag-aaralan na paksa
NAG-ARAL SA MUNISIPYO NG ATENEO
o Limang medalya noong siya ay nagtapos
✓ Ginoo Manuel Jerez (kamag-anak ni Father
MGA PARI
Burgos)
✓ Kasama ni Rizal mga Espanyol at Mestizo o Minoves, Vilaclara

FR. JOSE BECH

KABANATA 6: Segunda
✓ Unang propesor
o Lipa, Batangas
MGA PULUTONG
o Colegio de la Concordia
✓ Interno at Medio-Interno o Olimpia, Segunda ay kapatid ng kanyang
kaibigan na si Marino
MGA RANGGO
o Regalo ni Segunda kay Rizal
✓ Emperador, Tribuno, Decurino, Centurion o Pagpunta sa Europa ni Rizal upang mag-aral
o Hindi pagtanggap ng magulang ni Segunda kay
Naranasan ni Rizal maging Emperador
Rizal
Nawalan siya ng gana dahil sa mga propesor niya kung o Manuel Luz (arranged husband) at Segunda
kaya’t wala siyang nakamit na gantimpala. Katigbak
o Pagtanggap
COLEGIO DE STA. ISABELA: nag-aral ng Espanyol
o Bigo sa pag-ibig
UMUWI SI RIZAL SA KANILANG BAYAN
KABANATA 7: Enero – Disyembre 1878
✓ Neneng; kapatid ni Rizal
o Segunda Katigbak (unang pag-ibig a
✓ Tanuan, Batangas: fiesta
pagkabigo)
o Nagbabalot ng kalungkutan na may waring
pagsisi ang kanyang puso
o Lumuwas ng Maynila (ika-tahanan)
o Naghihinatay ng balita
o Humarap sa isang pagsubok
o Kahong Karey

Buong buwan na pagtira sa maynila – P15

KONTEKSTO SA KASAYSAYAN

1: 1841, Pagpalit ng Apelyido

3: Alkalde, Real Audienca

4: Mga Mestizo at Mestiza, GOMBURZA (1872)

6: Lipa, Batangas

RELEVANCE

1. Buhay bilang isang kabataan

2. Kahit ang mga bayani, dumaan dito ito sa
paghihirap
3. Halaga sa pag-aaral
ASSESSMENT
TRUE
1. Republic Act No. 1425 promotes Rizal as a role
model of nationalists in the country.
2. One example of historical event that shows
nationalism is when Luis Taruc and the hulks
launched an open war against the gov’t whom
they think is a puppet of America imperialism
3. Enforcement of the Bell Trade Act was one of the
reasons why the Rizal law was passed.
4. The 19th century was the time when philosophers
blossomed and inspired many nations to fight for
their rights of the people and to overthrow an
abusive monarch. It is also called the Renaissance.
5. The main cause of communist insurgency in
Central Luzon in the 1950s, the century long feudal
state of Central Luzon where labor was not
dignified.
6. Feudalism in the PH was tolerated by all colonial
powers: Spaniards, Americans, and the Japanese.
7. Jose Rizal is well-known among Filipinos because
he is a saint or messiah who would one day free
the Philippines from oppression and poverty.
8. Emilio Aguinaldo issued on Dec. 20, 1898. a decree
designating Dec. 30 as the anniversary of Jose
Rizal's death and also as “a National Day of
Mourning” for Rizal and other victims of the Spanish
government throughout its three centuries of
oppressive rule.
9. INC strongly opposed the issuance of the Rizal Bill.
10. The bill requires the student to read Rizal’s works like
the Noli & El Fili both are anti-Christ.
11. What brough sorrow to young Rizal for the very first
time was when his sister Concha died of a disease.
12. One of the main objectives of Rizal’s law is to be
part of the curricula of schools, colleges, and
universities all over the Philippines as mandated
general education subject. Studying the life, works,
and writings of Jose Rizal relevant in the 21 st
century bc the doctrines preached and practiced
by Rizal and will have laid the solid foundation of a
strong nationalist feeling.
13. A plant grows in a particular soil with its nutrients
and so too, with people. It is the meaning of
Tagalog expression tumubo > tinubuang bayan.
14. The Spanish colonial political system brought
together villages and hamlets into a large whole,
thus enabled people to imagine an abstract
community. It is an unintended consequence of
Spanish efforts at centralizing and modernizing the
colonial polity and economy.
15. Senator Recto recognized the need to instill
heroism among the youth at time the country was
experiencing social turmoil un the form of foreign
intervention. American influence in the 1940s was
strong in the country’s economy, political and
military policies.
16. To the Filipino youth (A La Juventud Filipina) is
considered to be one of the best poems written by
Jose Rizal that won in the Liceo Artistico-Literarcio.
17. Mi Ultima Adios tell the Filipino youth that he who
does not love his own language is worse than an
animal and smelly fish.
18. The ethnocentric perspective of white people that
they we are the superior race is an example of
Racism.
19. The ilustrado class of the Filipinos came from the
middle class. The word ilustrados came from the
Spanish word ilustra which means “to be
enlightened”.
20. According to Benedict Anderson, a nation is an
imagined community because it is created
delineations and artificial boundaries.
21. In the study of the life of heroes, it is important to
put in mind that a hero was a human being.
Heroes are made, and like any ordinary human
being they are products of their time.
22. Rizal is remembered as “The First Filipino” because
he is the first native to declare himself a Filipino. His
novels were not only a general indictment of
colonial society but also an articulation of the PH
as a nation.
 FALSE
1. The Bell trade act allows the Americans to
established military bases throughout the country.
2. A person’s educational attainment is the most
important aspect in assessing a person’s heroism. It
is primarily the reason why Mabini, Rizal, Jacinto,
Del Pilar, and others became heroes.
3. Spain managed to control the PH through large
force of its army. The defeats of native revolts are
because of a lack of national identity.
4. Rizal had generally traumatic memories of his
childhood.
5. Based on historical records, Rizal experienced
discrimination and racism in UST when he was a
student that made him to change his mind and
shift to another course.
6. Elpidio Quirino was the President of the Philippines
when the Rizal law was passed. During that time,
the paramount concern of the people and the
gov’t war on illegal drugs.
HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND LEGAL BASIS OF RIZAL DAY AND
OTHER MEMORIALS IN HONOR OF JOSE RIZAL
By: Quennie Ann J. Palafox
• Two years after the execution of Rizal in
Bagumbayan, Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo issued on
Dec. 20, 1898 a decree designating Dec. 30 as the
anniversary of Jose Rizal’s death and also as “a
national day of mourning” for Rizal and other
victims of the Spanish government throughout its
three centuries of oppressive rule. He made a
directive that all national flags shall be hoisted at
half-mast from 12 noon on Dec. 29 and all offices
of the government shall be closed the whole day
on December 30 as a sign of mourning. On
December 30, 1898, Filipinos celebrated Rizal Day
for the first time and chose Club Filipino in Manila
to be the venue.
• The Americans, to win the sympathy of the Filipinos,
and to convince them that they were pro-Filipinos
more than the Spaniards, gave Rizal official
recognition. This was to make them conform to the
new government. Rizal acquired the official title of
title of Philippine National Hero in 1901 under the
country’s first American civil governor, William
Howard Taft. On the recommendation of Trinidad
Pardo de Tavera, the Taft Commission renamed
the district of Morong into the Province of Rizal
through Act 137 on June 11, 1901. This was one of
the first official steps taken by the Taft Commission
to honor Rizal. Since then, Jose Rizal came to be
known as the National Hero.
• It was also during the American times that Rizal’s
death anniversary was made an official holiday.
On February 1, 1902, the Philippine Commission
enacted Act. No. 345 which set December 30 of
each year as Rizal Day and made it one of the ten
official holidays of the Philippines. As the nationalist
spirit of the Filipinos was at the highest point during
that time, they were able to convince the
government to erect a monument for Rizal. Thus,
Act No. 243 was enacted on September 28, 1901
granting the right to use public land upon the
Luneta in the City of Manila upon which to erect a
statue of Jose Rizal.
• So important was the observation of Rizal Day that
President Quirino approved on June 9, 1948
Republic Act No. 229 which prohibits cockfighting,
horse racing and jai-alai every 30th of December
of each year, in order to have proper observance
of Rizal Day.
• To give ample time to prepare for the birth
centenary of Jose Rizal in 1961, the Rizal National
Centennial Commission was created by Executive
Order No. 52, issued by Pres. Ramon Magsaysay on
August 10, 1954 to undertake the construction of a
National Cultural Shrine and other memorials to be
dedicated to Jose Rizal. JRNCC became Rizal
Presidential Committee on 1 July 1962 after
President Diosdado Macapagal issued Executive
Order No. 14.
• Jose Rizal’s vast role in the attainment of the
nation’s freedom led to the issuance of Republic
Act 1425 on June 12, 1956. Commonly known as
the Rizal Act, it was sponsored by Senator Claro M.
 Recto. It requires the curricula of private and
public schools, colleges and universities courses to
include the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal,
particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo in order to educate the students
about the concept of nationalism.
• A few days before the celebration of the birth
centenary of Jose Rizal in 1961, Pres. Garcia issued
Executive Order No. 429 on June 2, creating a
decoration intended to perpetuate Rizal’s
memory, to be known as the Rizal Pro Patria
Award. It was to be awarded by the President of
the Philippines to those who have rendered
outstanding work for the benefit of their
community. Among the recipients of this
decoration in the past were N. V. M. Gonzalez,
Alejandro Roces, Juan Nakpil, Felipe Padilla De
Leon, and Wilfredo Ma. Guerero.
• In Manila streets were named with reference to the
national hero, Jose Rizal. In Sampaloc, two streets
are named after his pen names, Laong Laan and
Dimasalang. Blumentritt, a main thoroughfare, was
named after Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt, Rizal’s
friend, while Dapitan street situated near the
University of Santo Tomas was named after a
municipality in Zamboanga del Norte, where Rizal
was deported in 1892. Other street names have
references to Rizal’s novels such as Sisa, Basilio, and
Simoun.
• Rizal monuments are concrete memorials to his
legacy. The most prominent is the Rizal monument
in Manila, unveiled on December 30, 1913 in line
with the 17th Anniversary of the martyrdom of Jose
Rizal. However, the Rizal monument in the town
Daet in Camarines Norte holds the distinction of
the first ever erected in honor of Rizal.
• In the 1920s, Rizal Day was very popular and a
much awaited event with the entire city going to
Luneta to spot the parade of the Rizal Day, a
parade as glamorous as the carnival parade of
February. In his memorable Rizal Day address, Pres.
Quezon declared through Commonwealth Act
No. 184 the adoption of Tagalog as the basis of the
national language of the Philippines on December
30, 1937.
• The Rizal Day celebration of December 30, 1942
required the display of Japanese flags in Filipino
homes. Attended by Jorge Vargas Benigno
Aquino, Sr, and Jose P. Laurel, Sr., a Nippongo
program on Rizal was held in 1942, during which
the hero’s “Ultimo Adios” was recited in Japanese.
This event also witnessed the inauguration of
Kalibapi.
• Just after the war in 1946, the country saw floral
offerings and a civic parade in observance of Rizal
Day in 1946. President Roxas was joined by high
officials of the national government and
representatives of the United States Army and
Navy and foreign nations who offered wreaths at
the foot of Rizal’s monument.
• On December 30, 1950, all Philippine flags
throughout the island were raised at half-mast in all
public buildings and vessels to commemorate the
martyrdom of Rizal. There was also floral offering
at the Rizal monument at Luneta and concert in
the afternoon.
• A crowd estimated to be from 300-500, 000 persons
gathered at the Luneta on December 30, 1953 to
attend the inauguration of Ramon Magsaysay as
president of the Republic of the Philippines. The
Constitution had made the Rizal Day event even
more memorable having specified the date of the
day for the inauguration of President of the
Republic as stipulated in Sec. 4 of Article VII of the
1935 Constitution. However, this was moved to
June 30 by virtue of the 1987 Constitution which is
being observed until now.
• December 30, 1996 was the centenary of the
martyrdom of Rizal. Highlights included the tracing
of the last walk of Rizal from his detention cell at
Fort Santiago followed by the reenactment of the
hero’s execution and flag raising at Luneta Park,
Manila. A monument of Rizal was also inaugurated
on 5 December 1996 along the Avenida de Las
Islas Filipinas in Madrid, Spain.
• Rizal Day is a day of appreciating Jose Rizal as a
hero, an icon and a perfect example on how to
be a Filipino. To quote the late Sen. Blas Ople,
“Jose Rizal remains the supreme hero of the
Philippines because of the quality of his sacrifice,
his absolute dedication to the interest of his
people, and his achievement in many fields of
endeavors”.
 FINALS! YOU CAN DO IT! movement at play in the Philippines society at the

Jose Rizal: Sa Landas ng Paglaya time of Rizal.

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KX4_mB4mplY&t=1)
The House of Kapitan Tiago
• Paciano Rizal > Rizal’s financial provider.
• “How will the Spaniards respect us if we don’t
“Capitan Tiago was considered one of the most hospitable
respect ourselves?”
• Liberalism idea sa Europa > Pilipinas? of men, and it was well known that his house, like his
• “The revolution won’t succeed if it’s rooted on
country, shut its doors against nothing except commerce
personal interest”.
• Brindis of 1884: 2 countries joined as one. and new or bold ideas.”
• La Liga Filipina: For citizens to come together as
one nation, to establish cooperation, and to “The house of which we are speaking is somewhat low and
protect each another.
• Love, sacrifice, virtue. not exactly correct in all its lines: whether the architect who
built it was afflicted with poor eyesight or whether
IBARRA: educating the people
earthquakes – out of shape, no one can say with
ELIAS: revolution
certainty.”
RIZAL’S CONCEPT OF NATIONALISM (NOLI ME TANGERE)
The Dinner
Intellectual Background of Rizal: Rizal’s works, which range
from the creative to critical in forms of poems, essays, • The differences of the proximity of the people
novels, letters, and an historical annotation.
Bapor Tabo
“The aspect of his intellectual pursuit which would bring to
• Social hierarchy
focus all his endeavors in historical studies, in social analysis,
• Chocolate eh and ah
in persuading his people to work towards the realization of
the national community, in defending his people against Maria Clara, Sisa & Dona Victorina
the insults and calumnies of virulent writers.”
1. Cusina
Noli: Prescription/Social Cancer 2. Anak
3. Divorce
El Fili: Cure

Social criticism na nagtatago sa fiction.

• The First Filipino

Crisostomo Ibarra (Rizal is both Elias, his alter ego & Ibarra)
INTRO TO NOLI ME TANGERE (THE SOCIAL CANCER)

• A symbol of an intellectual, a trait that should lead

Rizal claims that the Noli was written to depict the present
the national movement in forming the national
state of his motherland during his time.
community.
Expose the “social cancer” in the Ph as ruled by the
Tasyo
arrogant friars and corrupt gov’t officials and inhabited by
complacent natives. • Critique of the practices of the Church
• “Pwede naman palang ipagdasal ang namatay,
It is done to describe the life, beliefs, hopes, desires,
bakit hindi nalang pinagdasal si Hesus at
laments, and grievance of the Filipinos; as well as to
kailangan pang mamatay?”
unmask the hypocrisy of religion which impoverished them.

General Alehandrino
THE PLOT OF NOLI ME TANGERE

“As long as the writings of Rizal continue to be read, and

The Characters, Interpretations, and Symbols
Filipinos continue to reflect on the kind of society their
• The novels hold that each of the dramatis forefathers wanted to create, Rizal’s thoughts will continue
personae represents a cultural institution or social
to be subversive of all societies which fail to bring justice
and freedom to the Filipino people”
EL FILI (The Reign of Greed)
• The term frailocracy or frailocracia is literally
translated as friar rule.
• Refers to the vast power the friars amassed in the
religious and political realms.
• Padre Florentino, Simoun and Basilio
Padre Florentino
• Florentino is the new Tasio in Fili
• Padre Florentino was beset by a spiritual crisis when
his former fiancée married a worthless fellow in
despair.
Basilio
1. Shy type
Isagani
1. Outspoken
• “When it enter the fight through fraud and force,
without a clear understanding of what they are
doing, the wises attempts will fail.”
Revolution:
1. There should be a clear ideology
2. There should be enough preparation
3. There should be a purity of the nation.
ASSESSMENT
1. Decadence in the social order – one of the
symptoms of social cancer which showed the
backwardness of the Philippines in San Diego’s
townsfolk and the discrimination of the lower
classes by the upper classes as shown in the “bapo
tabo”
2. Uncle Tom’s Cabin – book about trial and hardship
of the negro slaves.
3. The Civil Guard – one of the symptoms of social
cancer where the civil guards stand out the cruel
treatment of the natives by illegal searches,
planned robberies, and tortures.
4. Noli Me Tangere – “touch me not”; Rizal’s first
romantic novel.
5. She entered the convent – Maria Clara done this
to escape her forced engagement with Linares de
Espadana.
6. Plasido Penitente – In the El Fili, he’s a student from
Batangas who became discontent with the
method of instruction and the oppressive
treatment he received from his teachers.
7. Abuses by the religious authority – one of the
symptoms of social cancer as shown in the Noli
where the friars are the chief moral, political and
civil authority; feared by gov’t officials and by
townsfolk.
8. Defective educational system – one of the
symptoms of social cancer which showed that the
teacher has no prestige, while the students learn
only by rote memorization.
9. Padre Florentino – the ultimate spokesman in the El
Fili; a distinguished native priest and the portrait of
the ideal shepherd of God’s flock.
10. Corruption in the civil government – one of the
symptoms of social cancer which showed the
anomalies, and the over-centralized and under
systematized policy of the Spanish government in
the Philippines.
11. Simoun – in the El Fili, he is the influential jeweler
and adviser of the governor-general but is a
corruptor bent on destroying Spanish rule.
12. Cabesang Tales – in the El Fili, he is the victim of
injustice who became an outlaw, evidence of the
agrarian problem of land grabbing.
13. The plight of the Filipinos – one of the symptoms of
social cancer in the Noli which point to the people
passitivity, timidity, fear, and cowardice as another
cause of their oppression.
14. Juli – she was one of the victims of poverty and
ignorance in the El Fili along with her father and
brother; she leapt to her death in a church tower
to avoid the evil intention of a lustful friar.
15. Capitan Tiyago delos Santos – in the El Fili, he is an
opportunistic half-breed, an undesirable who turns
to opium which causes his death.
Paraluman > Compass = compass ng isang lahi ay ang
kababaihan.

Nov. 12, 2021

Challenging the Narrative

Nationalism as a philosophy of power

• A method by which a state acquires and develops

Through peaceful means = literary works.
power.
• Concerned with strategies, methods, and • Failure ang reform movement. Because the Spain
processes of building, developing, and nourishing couldnot be a colony without its colonies
the power of the state as an organic entity. (Philippines).
• A perception that a state must consciously • REVOLUTION (Elias and Ibarra; both died) FOR
cultivate and amass power for itself if it is to survive FREEDOM; self-sustaining, without foreign consult.
and prosper as a social organism. A handy work of the masses. Rizal is open to the
idea of revolution but he did not pursue it bc it
Independence is necessary to power, and power is
would be a massacre.
necessary to independence.
Nationalism is assertation for independence
1. You have the capacity to craft foreign
independencies Problem – Economic
2. Total control of gov’t and sovereignty
Approach – Political

Kinsense of History.

#Resolution No. 2

RA 1425

Rizal – thinker

Bonifacio – Organizer

Aguinaldo – Military

How does a state becomes strong and powerful?

A nation can be nourished, by history. You share a

same aspiration with your heros.