A B C D E F G H I J K

1 X6.1
2
3 Null hypothesis
4
Population spending by men = population spending by women
5
6 men = women
7
8
9
10
11
 A B C D E F G H I J K
1 X6.2
2
3 Null hypothesis
4
Population children playing on swings = population children playing on slide
5
6 swing = slide
7
8
9
10
11
 A B C D E F G H I J K
1 X6.3
2
3 Null hypothesis
4
Population score on qm module = population success as a business analyst
5
6 qm = business analyst
7
8
9
10
11
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AA
1 X6.4
2
3
4 (a) (c)
5
Null hypothesis Null hypothesis
6
7 H0: population sales in January 2017 = population sales in May 2017 H0: population sales in January 2017 = population sales in May 2017
8
9
H0: jan = may H0: jan = may
10
11 Alternative hypothesis
12 (b)
population sales have reduced between January 2017 and May 2017
13
Alternative hypothesis
14 H1: jan < may
15 population sales have changed between January 2017 and May 2017
16 Lower one-tail test
17
H1: jan ≠ may
18 Two-tail test
19
20
21
 A B C D E F G H I J K L
1 X6.5
2
3 (i)
4 Significantly different tells us that we have a statistically significant difference between the amount oif milk
5 delivered and what the contract states.
6
(ii)
7
8 Null hypothesis, H0: delivered = contract
9
10 Alternative hypothesis, H1: delivered ≠ contract
11
(iii)
12
13 Given the wording says changed, then we have a two-tailed test.
14
This can be taken from the direction of the unequal sign (≠) in the alternative hypothesis.
15
16
17
18
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
1 X6.6
2
3 Assuming a one tail Z value
4 significance level = 0.05
5
6 Critical two-tail Z = 1.959964 =NORM.S.INV(1-N4/2)
7 Normal curve

8 Critical one-tail z = 1.6448536 =NORM.S.INV(1-N4)

9
10
11
12
13
14
P-value
15
16
17 Significance value
18
19
20
21
22
z = 2.5 Z
23
Critical z = 1.64 0
24
 A B C D E
1 X6.7
2
3 Signficance level = 0.02
4
5 TWO TAIL
6 lower two tail critical Z = -2.32634787404 =NORM.S.INV(D3/2)
7 upper two tail critical Z = 2.326347874041 =NORM.S.INV(1-D3/2)
8
9
10 ONE TAIL
11 lower one tail critical Z = -2.05374891063 =NORM.S.INV(D3)
12 upper one tail critical Z = 2.053748910632 =NORM.S.INV(1-D3)
X6.8

z= 3.45

Upper one tail p-value = 0.00028029327681622 =1-NORM.S.DIST(C3,TRUE())

 A B C D E F
1 X6.9
2
3
4 State Hypothesis
5 H0 : population mean µ = 900
6 H1 : population mean µ not equal to 900
7 Two tail test
8
9 Select Test One Sample Z Test for Mean
10 s known and sample size large (CLT)
11
12 Set level of significance Significance Level = 0.05
13
14 Extract relevant statistic Population mean µ = 900
15 Population standard deviation σ = 150
16
17 n= 40
18 Xavg = 942
19 Standard Error = 23.7170824512628 =D15/D17^0.5
20 Zcal = 1.77087548969429 =STANDARDIZE(D18,D14,D19)
21
22 P-value and Critical Z
23 Two tail p-value = 0.07658140903567 =2*(1-NORM.S.DIST(ABS(D20),TRUE()))
24 Lower Zcri = -1.95996 =NORM.S.INV(D12/2)
25 Upper Zcri = 1.95996 =NORM.S.INV(1-D12/2)
26
27 Decision:
28 Since Zcal > Lower Zcri and < Upper Zcri, Accept H0
 A B C D E
1 X6.10
2
3
4 Hypothesis Test
5 H0 : population mean m = 30
6 H1 : population mean m not equal to 30
7 Two tail test
8
9 Select Test One Sample Z Test for Means
10 s known and sample size large (CLT)
11
12 Set level of significance Significance Level = 0.05
13
14 Extract relevant statistic Population
15 Mean m = 30
16 Standard Deviation s = 5 known
17 Sample
18 n= 50
19 Xavg = 32
20 Standard Error = 0.707106781186547 =D16/D18^0.5
21 Zcal = 2.82842712474619 =STANDARDIZE(D19,D15,D20)
22
23 P-value and Critical Z
24 Two tail p-value = 0.004677734981047 =2*(1-NORM.S.DIST(ABS(D21),TRUE()))
25 Lower Zcri = -1.95996 =NORM.S.INV(D12/2)
26 Upper Zcri = 1.95996 =NORM.S.INV(1-D12/2)
27
28 Decision:
29 Since Zcal > Upper Zcri, Accept H1
 A B C D
1 X6.11
2
3 significance level = 0.01
4 df = 12
5
6 TWO TAIL
7 lower two tail critical t = -3.0545395893929 =-T.INV.2T(C3,C4)
8 upper two tail critical t = 3.0545395893929 =T.INV.2T(C3,C4)
9
10
11 ONE TAIL
12 lower one tail critical t = -2.68099799312091 =T.INV(C3,C4)
13 upper one tail critical t = 2.68099799312091 =-T.INV(C3,C4)
 A B C D
1 X6.12
2
3
4 tcal = 2.03
5 n= 13
6 df = 12 =C5-1
7 Upper one tail p-value = 0.03256421904 =T.DIST.RT(C4,C6)
 A B C D E
1 X6.13
2
3
4 Hypothesis Test H0 : population mean m = 15000
5 H1 : population mean not equal to 15000
6 One tail test
7
8 Select Test One Sample T Test for Means
9 Population distribution normal
10 Population standard deviation unknown
11
12 Set significance level Significance Level = 0.05
13
14 Extract relevant statistic Population
15 Population mean m = 15000
16 Sample data
17 Sample size n = 12
18 Sample mean Xavg = 14500
19 Sample standard deviation s = 800
20 Standard Error = 241.209075662211 =D19/(D17-1)^0.5
21 tcal = -2.0728904939721 =(D18-D15)/D20
22
23 P-value or Critical t
24 Number of Degrees of freedom u = 11 =D17-1
25 Two tail p-value = 0.06246047222167 =T.DIST.2T(ABS(D21),D24)
26 Upper tcri = 2.20098516009164 =T.INV.2T(D12,D24)
27 Lower tcri = -2.2009851600916 =-D26
28
29 Decision:
30 Since tcal > Lower tcri and < Upper tcri, Accept H0 [Borderline decision]
 A B C D E
1 X6.14
2
3 Hypothesis Test H0 : population mean m = 120
4 H1 : population mean not equal to 120
5 Two tail test
6
7 Select Test One Sample T Test for Means
8 Population distribution normal
9 Population standard deviation unknown
10
11 Set level of significance Significance Level = 0.05
12
13 Extract relevant statistic Population
14 Mean m = 120
15 Sample Data 99
16 132
17 125
18 92
19 108
20 127
21 105
22 112
23 102
24 112
25 129
26 112
27 111
28 102
29 122
30 Sample size n = 15 =COUNT(D15:D29)
31 Sample mean Xavg = 112.666666666667 =AVERAGE(D15:D29)
32 Sample standard deviation s = 11.9861030642435 =STDEV.S(D15:D29)
33 Standard Error = 3.09479850358272 =D32/D30^0.5
34 tcal = -2.36956729972689 =(D31-D14)/D33
35
36 P-value or Critical t
37 df = 14 =D30-1
38 Two tail p-value = 0.0327188939282057 =T.DIST.2T(ABS(D34),D37)
39 Upper tcri = 2.1447866879178 =T.INV.2T(D11,D37)
40 Lower tcri = -2.1447866879178 =-D39
41
42 Decision:
43 Since tcal < Lower tcri, Accept H1
 A B C D
1 X6.15
2
3 H0: p0 = 0.09
4 H1: p0 ≠ 0.09
5 Two-tail test
6
7 Population proportion recommended x, p0 = 0.09
8
9 Sample proportion, r = 0.13
10 Sample size, n = 250
11
12 Given simple random sampling
13 Given n large, then assume that the proportions being measured are normally distributed.
14 Therefore, apply a one sample z-test for a proportion.
15
16 Z = 2.20997848043932 =(C9-C7)/SQRT((C7*(1-C7)/C10))
17
18 Significance level = 0.05
19 Critical two-tail z-value = 1.95996398454005 =NORM.S.INV(1-C18/2)
20 (used this version of equation given Z +ve)
21 P-value = 0.013553327913139 =1-NORM.S.DIST(C16,TRUE())
22
23 Given z (= 2.21) > upper z critical (= 1.9599) then fail to accept the null hypothesis and accept alternative.
24 The claim that 9% of Teessiders commute to work by car is not acceptible, z = 2.21 > 1.96, P-value (= 0.0136) < 0.05/2 = 0.025.
 A B C D
1 X6.16
2
3 H0: p0 = 0.86
4 H1: p0 ≠ 0.86
5 Two-tail test
6
7 Population proportion recommended x, p0 = 0.86
8
9 Sample proportion, r = 0.8
10 Sample size, n = 100
11
12 Given simple random sampling
13 Given n large, then assume that the proportions being measured are normally distributed.
14 Therefore, apply a one sample z-test for a proportion.
15
16 Z= -1.7291712531127 =(C9-C7)/SQRT((C7*(1-C7)/C10))
17
18 Significance level = 0.05
19 Critical two-tail z-value = -1.95996398454005 =NORM.S.INV(C18/2)
20 (used this version of equation given Z -ve)
21 P-value = 0.041889224836691 =NORM.S.DIST(C16,TRUE())
22
23 Given z (= - 1.73) lies between the lower and upper z critical values (= - 1.9599 to + 1.9599) then accept the null hypothesis and reject the alternative.
24 The claim that 86% of customers are satisfied is acceptable, z = - 1.73, P-value (= 0.042) > 0.05/2 = 0.025.
 A B C D
1 X6.17
2
3 H0: p0 ³ 0.86
4 H1: p0 < 0.86
5 Lower one-tail test
6
7 Population proportion recommended x, p0 = 0.86
8
9 Sample proportion, r = 0.8
10 Sample size, n = 100
11
12 Given simple random sampling
13 n large, then assume that the proportions being measured are normally distributed.
14 Therefore, apply a one sample z-test for a proportion.
15
16 Z= -1.7291712531127 =(C9-C7)/SQRT((C7*(1-C7)/C10))
17
18 Significance level = 0.05
19 Critical two-tail z-value = -1.64485362695147 =NORM.S.INV(C18)
20 (used this version of equation given Z -ve)
21 P-value = 0.041889224836691 =NORM.S.DIST(C16,TRUE())
22
23 Given z (= - 1.73) < lower z critical (= - 1.64) then fail to accept the null hypothesis and accept alternative.
24 The claim that 86% of customers are satisfied is not acceptable, z = - 1.73, P-value (= 0.042) < 0.05.
 A B C D
1 X6.18
2
3 H0: p0 ³ 0.06
4 H1: p0 < 0.06
5 Lower one-tail test
6
7 Population proportion recommended x, p0 = 0.06
8
9 Sample proportion, r = 0.025
10 Sample size, n = 250
11
12 Given simple random sampling
13 Given n large, then assume that the proportions being measured are normally distributed.
14 Therefore, apply a one sample z-test for a proportion.
15
16 Z = -2.33022843064947 =(C9-C7)/SQRT((C7*(1-C7)/C10))
17
18 Significance level = 0.05
19 Critical lower one-tail z-value = -1.64485362695147 =NORM.S.INV(C18)
20 (used this version of equation given Z -ve)
21 P-value = 0.009897040546162 =NORM.S.DIST(C16,TRUE())
22
23 Given z (= - 2.33) < upper z critical values (= + 1.64) then fail to accept the null hypothesis and accept the alternative.
24 The claim that failure rate (6%) has decreased is acceptable, z = -2.33, P-value (= 0.0099) < 0.05.
 A B C D E F G H
1 X6.19
2
3 AE EM Hypothesis Test H0: mA = mB
4 51 71 H1: mA ≠ mB
5 66 69 Two tail test
6 50 63
7 48 66 Select Test Two sample pooled t test
8 63 68 Population distribution normal
9 45 61 Population standard deviations approx equal
10 35 53
11 36 59 Set level of significance Significance Level = 0.05
12 9 65
13 68 55 Extract relevant statistic nA = 17 =COUNT(B4:B20)
14 39 48 average A = 49.529412 =AVERAGE(B4:B20)
15 48 66 Standard deviation sA = 17.124973 =STDEV(B4:B20)
16 54 43 nB = 27 =COUNT(C4:C30)
17 35 34 Average B = 59.3333333333 =AVERAGE(C4:C30)
18 68 57 Standard deviation sB= 9.8214835 =STDEV(C4:C30)
19 83 58 Pooled Variance = 171.4341737 =((G13-1)*G15^2+(G16-1)*G18^2)/(G13+G16-2)
20 44 61 tcal = -2.41841670231 =(G14-G17)/SQRT(G19*(1/G13+1/G16))
21 58 P-value or Critical t
22 77 df = 42 =G13+G16-2
23 73 Two Tail P-value = 0.0200025799 =T.DIST.2T(ABS(G20),G22)
24 63 Upper t critical = 2.01808170282 =T.INV.2T(G11,G22)
25 48 Lower t critical = -2.01808170282 =-G24
26 47
27 53 Decision:
28 68 Since tcal < Lower tcri, Accept H1
29 64
30 54
 A B C D E F G H
1 X6.20
2
3 Dept A Dept B Hypothesis Test H0: mA <= mB
4 156.67 127.16 H1: mA > mB
5 169.81 101.85 Upper one tail test
6 130.74 109.10
7 146.81 124.94 Select Test Two sample pooled t test
8 143.69 110.93 Population data normally distributed
9 155.38 132.91 Population standard deviations approx equal
10 147.28 108.21
11 140.67 142.68 Set level of significance Significance Level = 0.05
12 157.58 135.92
13 154.78 Extract test statistic nA = 14 =COUNT(B4:B17)
14 154.86 average A = 154.840000 =AVERAGE(B4:B17)
15 179.89 Standard deviation sA = 12.887925 =STDEV.S(B4:B17)
16 158.86 nB = 9 =COUNT(C4:C12)
17 170.74 Average B = 121.52 =AVERAGE(C4:C12)
18 Standard deviation sB= 14.3997099 =STDEV.S(C4:C12)
19 Pooled Variance = 181.8140455 =((G13-1)*G15^2+(G16-1)*G18^2)/(G13+G16-2)
20 tcal = 5.78340580556 =(G14-G17)/SQRT(G19*(1/G13+1/G16))
21 P-value or Critical t
22 df = 21 =G13+G16-2
23 Upper one tail P-value = 4.83897716E-06 =T.DIST.RT(G20,G22)
24 Upper t critical = 1.720742902812 =-T.INV(G11,G22)
25
26 Decision:
27 Since tcal > Upper one tail tcri, Accept H1
 A B C D E F G H
1 X6.21
2
3 AE EM
4 51 71 Hypothesis Test H0: mA = mB
5 66 69 H1: mA ≠ mB
6 50 63 Two tail test
7 48 66
8 63 68 Select Test Two Sample t test assuming unequal variances
9 45 61 Comparing two means with population distribution known
10 35 53 Population standard deviations unknown but since n large (CLT)
11 36 59
12 9 65 Set level of significance Significance Level = 0.05
13 68 55
14 39 48 Extract relevant statistic nA = 17 =COUNT(B4:B20)
15 48 66 average A = 49.529412 =AVERAGE(B4:B20)
16 54 43 Standard deviation sA = 17.124973 =STDEV.S(B4:B20)
17 35 34 nB = 27 =COUNT(C4:C30)
18 68 57 Average B = 59.33333333333 =AVERAGE(C4:C30)
19 83 58 Standard deviation sB= 9.8214835 =STDEV.S(C4:C30)
20 44 61 tcal = -2.148437935 =(G15-G18)/(G16^2/(G14)+G19^2/(G17))^0.5
21 58 P-value or Critical t
22 77 df num = 433.618761319 =(G16^2/G14+G19^2/G17)^2
23 73 df denom = 19.0904379099 =((G16^2/G14)^2/(G14-1)+(G19^2/G17)^2/(G17-1))
24 63 df = 22.71392428846 =G22/G23
25 48 Two Tail P-value = 0.042945441666 =T.DIST.2T(ABS(G20),G24)
26 47 Upper t critical = 2.073873067904 =T.INV.2T(G12,G24)
27 53 Lowr t critical = -2.0738730679 =-G26
28 68
29 64 Decision:
30 54 Since tcal < tcri, Accept H1 [Borderline decision]
 A B C D E F G H
1 X6.22
2
3 Dept A Dept B Hypothesis Test H0: mA = mB
4 156.67 127.16 H1: mA > mB
5 169.81 101.85 Upper one tail test
6 130.74 109.10
7 146.81 124.94 Select Test Two Sample t test assuming unequal variances
8 143.69 110.93 Population distribution normal
9 155.38 132.91 Population standard deviations approx equal
10 147.28 108.21
11 140.67 142.68 Set level of significance Significance Level = 0.05
12 157.58 135.92
13 154.78 Extract relevant statistic nA = 14 =COUNT(B4:B17)
14 154.86 average A = 154.840000 =AVERAGE(B4:B17)
15 179.89 Standard deviation sA = 12.887925 =STDEV.S(B4:B17)
16 158.86 nB = 9 =COUNT(C4:C12)
17 170.74 Average B = 121.52 =AVERAGE(C4:C12)
18 Standard deviation sB= 14.3997099 =STDEV.S(C4:C12)
19 tcal = 5.6395317715753 =(G14-G17)/(G15^2/(G13)+G18^2/(G16))^0.5
20 P-value or Critical t
21 df num = 1218.237371492 =(G15^2/G13+G18^2/G16)^2
22 df denom = 77.177460449342 =((G15^2/G13)^2/(G13-1)+(G18^2/G16)^2/(G16-1))
23 df = 15.784885436747 =G21/G22
24 Upper one tail p-value = 2.353334221E-05 =T.DIST.RT(G19,G23)
25 Upper t critical = 1.7530503556926 =-T.INV(G11,G23)
26
27 Decision:
28 Since tcal > Upper one tail tcri, Accept H1
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
1 X6.23
2
3

4
Person Before After d=B-A d^2
5 1 2911.48 2287.22 624.26 =C5-D5 389701 =E5^2 Hypothesis H0: Sales Before - Sales After => 0
6 2 1465.44 3430.54 -1965.10 3861618 H1: Sales Before - Sales After < 0
7 3 2315.36 2439.93 -124.57 15517.68 Lower one tail test
8 4 1343.16 3071.55 -1728.39 2987332
9 5 2144.22 3002.40 -858.18 736473 Select Test Two sample paired t test
10 6 2499.84 2271.37 228.47 52198.54 Populations normally distributed
11 7 2125.74 2964.65 -838.91 703770
12 8 2843.05 3510.43 -667.38 445396 Set level of significance Signicance level = 0.05
13 9 2049.34 2727.41 -678.07 459779
14 10 2451.25 2969.99 -518.74 269091 Extract relevant statistic n= 15 =COUNT(B5:B19)
15 11 2213.75 2597.71 -383.96 147425 Sd = -6474.55 =SUM(E5:E19)
16 12 2295.94 2890.20 -594.26 353145 Sd^2 = 11226769.0771 =SUM(G5:G19)
17 13 2594.84 2194.37 400.47 160376 Mean d = -431.64 =AVERAGE(E5:E19)
18 14 2642.91 2800.56 -157.65 24853.52 sd = 776.07602246049 =SQRT((M16-M15^2/M14)/(M14-1))
19 15 3153.21 2365.75 787.46 620093 tcal = -2.15406941231403 =(M17)/(M18/SQRT(M14))
20 P-value and critical t
21 df = 14 =M14-1
22 Lower one tail p-value = 0.0245715043756201 =T.DIST(M19,M21,TRUE())
23 Lower one tail tcri = -1.76131013577489 =T.INV(M12,M21)
24
25 Decision:
26 (a) Since tcal < Lower tcri, Accept H1 at 5%
27
28 1% Lower one tail p = 0.0245715043756201 =T.DIST(M19,M21,TRUE())
29 1% lower one tail tcri = -2.62449406759005 =T.INV(0.01,M21)
30 (b) Since tcal > Lower tcri, Accept H0 at 1%
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M
1 X6.24
2
3

4
Student RM Project d = RM - Pro d^2
5 1 38 71 -33 =C5-D5 1089 =E5^2 State Hypothesis H0: RM - Pro = 0
6 2 50 46 4 16 H1: RM - Pro ≠ 0
7 3 51 56 -5 25 Two tail test
8 4 75 44 31 961
9 5 58 62 -4 16 Select Test Two sample paired t test
10 6 42 65 -23 529 Populations normally distributed
11 7 54 50 4 16
12 8 39 51 -12 144 Set level of significance Signicance level = 0.05
13 9 48 43 5 25
14 10 14 62 -48 2304 Extract relevant statistic n= 15 =COUNT(B5:B19)
15 11 38 66 -28 784 Sd = -158 =SUM(E5:E90)
16 12 47 75 -28 784 Sd^2 = 7190 =SUM(G5:G19)
17 13 58 60 -2 4 Mean d = -10.5333333333 =AVERAGE(E5:E29)
18 14 53 75 -22 484 sd = 19.8669383171 =SQRT((L16-L15^2/L14)/(L14-1))
19 15 66 63 3 9 tcal = -2.05343289081 =(L17)/(L18/SQRT(L14))
20 P-value and critical t
21 df = 14 =L14-1
22 Two tail p-value = 0.05920478915 =T.DIST.2T(ABS(L19),L21)
23 Upper two tail tcri = 2.14478668792 =T.INV.2T(L12,L21)
24 Lower two tail tcri = -2.14478668792 =-L23
25
26 Decision:
27 Since tcal < Lower tcri, Accept H1
 A B C D
1 TU6.1
2
3 significance significance
4 0.05 0.01
5 Critical z values 1.95996398454005 2.5758293035489
6 =NORM.S.INV(1-C4/2) =NORM.S.INV(1-D4/2)
 A B C D E
1 TU6.2
2
3 Lower one-tail z test
4
5 Significance = 0.05
6
7 Lower critical z value = -1.644854 =NORM.S.INV(C5)
8
9 If z = - 2.01, then - 2.01 < - 1.64, reject H 0
10
11 Reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis
 A B C D E
1 TU6.3
2
3 Lower one-tail z test
4
5 Z= -2.01
6
7 Lower critical z value = 0.022216
8
9 If z = - 2.01, then 0.02 < 0.05, reject H 0
10
11 Reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis
 A B C D E
1 TU6.4
2
3 Null hypothesis, m = 63
4
5 m= 63
6 s= 15
7 n= 23
8 Sample mean = 66
9
10 Z = 0.959166 =(D8-D5)/(D6/SQRT(D7))
 A B C D E
1 TU6.5
2
3 Null hypothesis, m = 63
4
5 m= 63
6 s= 15
7 n= 23
8 Sample mean = 68
9
10 P(Sample mean > 68)?
11
12 SE Mean = 3.127716 =D6/SQRT(D7)
13 P(Sample mean > 68) = 0.054954 =1-NORM.DIST(D8,D5,D12,TRUE())
14
15 Z = 1.598611 =(D8-D5)/(D6/SQRT(D7))
16 P(Sample mean > 68) = 0.054954 =1-NORM.S.DIST(D15,TRUE())
 A B C D E
1 TU6.6
2
3 Null hypothesis, m = 63
4
5 m= 63
6 s= 16.2
7 n= 23
8 Sample mean = 68
9
10 P(Sample mean > 68)?
11 t = 1.480195 =(D8-D5)/(D6/SQRT(D7))
12 df = 22 =D7-1
13 P(Sample mean > 68) = 0.0765 =T.DIST.RT(D11,D12)
14
15 or P(Sample mean > 68) = 0.0765 =1-T.DIST(D11,D12,TRUE())
 A B C D
1 TU6.7
2
3 Mean m = 8.7
4 n= 52
5 Sample average = 9.5
6 Sample standard deviation, s = 3.2
7
8 H0: m = 8.7
9 H1: m ≠ 8.7
10 Two-tail test (word 'changed' tells us that it is a two-tailed test)
11 Use z test given n is large, even though the population standard deviation unknown
12
13 Significance 0.05 Significance 0.01
14 0.05 0.01
15 Critical z = 1.95996398454005 2.5758293035489
16 =NORM.S.INV(1-C14/2) =NORM.S.INV(1-D14/2)
17
18
19 Z= 1.802775637732 =(C5-C3)/(C6/SQRT(C4))
20

21 Decision: Given calculated value of z (=1.8) lies within the acceptance zone
for the null hypothesis for both 0.05 and 0.01 significance levels.
Conclude that based upon the data values that we have no
statistical evidence that m is not equal to 8.7 years.
22

23 1. We have assumed that given the sample is large (n=52) that

we can assume the data values are normally distributed
Reservations:
24 2. We have then assumed that the sample standard deviation is
representative of the population standard deviation.
 A B C D
1 TU6.8
2
3 Mean m = 430
4 n= 36
5 Sample average = 425
6 Sample standard deviation, s = 14
7
8 H0: m = 430
9 H1: m ≠ 430
10 Two-tail test (word 'changed' tells us that it is a two-tailed test)
11 Use z test given n is large, even though the population standard deviation unknown
12
13 Significance 0.05 Significance 0.01
14 0.05 0.01
15 Critical z = 1.95996398454005 2.5758293035489
16 =NORM.S.INV(1-C14/2) =NORM.S.INV(1-D14/2)
17
18
19 Z= -2.14285714285714 =(C5-C3)/(C6/SQRT(C4))
20 Given calculated value of z (= - 2.14) lies within the acceptance
zone for the null hypothesis at 0.05 but in the rejection zone at
0.01 significance levels. Conclude that based upon the data
21 Decision: values that we have statistical evidence that m is equal to 430g if
the significance level is 5% but that it is not equal if compared
with a 1% significance level.
22 we can assume the population data values are normally
23 distributed
2. We have then assumed that the sample standard deviation is
Reservations:
24 representative of the population standard deviation.
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
1 TU6.9
2
3 Morning shift, 1 Afternoon shift, 2 Summary statistics
4 72 81 n1 = 9 =COUNT(B4:B12)
5 68 65 sample mean 1 = 76.111111111 =AVERAGE(B4:B12)
6 91 88 sample standard deviation 1 = 6.9362173489 =STDEV.S(B4:B12)
7 69 76 n2 = 8 =COUNT(C4:C11)
8 78 75 sample mean 2 = 77 =AVERAGE(C4:C11)
9 73 81 sample standard deviation 2 = 6.6761836832 =STDEV.S(C4:C11)
10 77 74
11 80 76 We can see little difference between the 2 sample means
This suggests that if we conduct an hypothesis test here that it would not prove
12
77 significant: H0: m1 = m2, H1: m1 ≠ m2
13
14 Data > Data Analysis > t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
15
16 t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
17
18 Variable 1 Variable 2
19 Mean 76.111111111 77
20 Variance 48.111111111 44.5714285714286
21 Observations 9 8
22 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
23 df 15
24 t Stat -0.269025646
25 P(T<=t) one-tail 0.3957875577
26 t Critical one-tail 1.7530503557
27 P(T<=t) two-tail 0.7915751154
28 t Critical two-tail 2.1314495456
29
30
31 From the results, we observe that the two-tail p-value = 0.79
32 Given two-tail p-value = 0.79 > 0.01, accept the null hypothesis
33
34 Note: we have assumed the population data is normally distributed.
35

36 No evidence to suggest that the morning and afternoon shifts are not
performing to the same level of production.