 Ronette Chris Bilbao Lanilyn Pepito Randy Broca Rebuyon 

 Ma. Carissa Molanda Mercybelle Capitanea 

 Geraldine E. Rivera Jovey Medina 

 Coleen Jean Templa

The Global Economy 1

 PREFACE

Contemporary World is one of the core courses under the new

General Education Curriculum (CMO 20 s. 2013). It covers the
interaction of economics, politics, nation, states and even media.

This module is structured to adapt to the needs of students and

promote the deeper understanding towards globalization in the
midst of current crisis brought about by COVID-19.

Each section contains the pretest, contents, learning activities

and heading that are matched in the course syllabus. The
curriculum is structures to promote the skills required to accomplish
the learning outcomes of the course. It deals with globalization and
its effect of people, cultures and countries, challenges and
responses. Various international events and phenomena that are
related to globalization are given emphasis in the module.
Discussing and understanding globalization and its processes is the
primary learning objective of the module.

The learning activities are designed to allow students process

their learning constructively. The mastery test is also included to
follow-up if the said learning is fully mastered with the students.

In the end, the culminating activities shall manifest the

students’ understanding of The Contemporary World.

The Global Economy 2

 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors heartily express their sincerest recognition,

profound gratitude to the persons who shared their valuable
professional expertise, guidance and suggestions for the success of
this module.
It would be of great honor to cite the names of those who had
provided their unselfish support and guidance in the fulfillment of this
module:
Foremost immeasurable thanks are lifted to the Divine
Providence, for giving the authors wisdom, courage and fighting
spirit to make this a successful endeavor;
Deepest thanks to Dr. Lina T. Codilla, Vice President for
Academic Affairs, for her initiative to come with a good output in
the development of Instructional Materials;
To Dr. Jovelyn Cantina, for her expertise shared, guidance and
constructive criticisms in developing this module; and
To those whose names were not mentioned but contribute
much for the success of this endeavor.

Thank you!

R. C. B.
L. P.
R. B.
C. M
M. C. C.
G. R.
J.M.
C.J.T.

The Global Economy 3

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Preface
Acknowledgement
Introduction

Unit 1 The Structures of Globalization

LESSON 1 What is Globalization?

Ronnet Chris D. Bilbao

Global Experiences
Some Description of Globalization
Activity 1.1: Share a story
Activity 1.2: The Pros and Cons of Globalization
Activity 1.3: Select and Reflect
Mastery Test

LESSON 2 Global Economics

Lanilyn Pepito

The Early International Trading Systems

The Bretton Woods System
Neoliberalism and Its Discontents
The Global Financial Crisis and the Challenge to
Neoliberalism
Economic Globalization Today
Conclusion
Activity 2.1: Identify and Discuss
Activity 2.2: Global Economy Timeline
Activity 2.3: Tell Me
Mastery Test

LESSON 3 The United Nations and Contemporary

Global Governance
Randy Broca Rebuyon

The League of Nations

The United Nations
The Principal Organs of the United Nations
Activity 3.1: Elaborate It
Activity 3.2: Elucidate it
Activity 3.3: Reference it
Mastery Test

The Global Economy 4

Unit 2 The Cultures of Globalization

LESSON 4 Global Media and ICT

Ma. Carissa C. Molanda

Weaving Media, Globalization and ICT

Media Spectacles
The Realm of Communication Technology
Implications of the Global Village
Conclusion
Activity 4.1: Weave them yourselves
Activity 4.2: Defend your point
Activity 4.3: Self-Portrait
Reflection
Mastery Test

LESSON 5 Global City

Mercybelle Capitanea

The Global City Model: Organizing Hypotheses

Indicators for Global City
The Challenges of Global City
The Global City and the Poor
Activity 5.1: Illustrate It
Activity 5.2: Video It
Mastery Test

Unit 3 The Impacts of Globalization

LESSON 6 Global Demography: The World in Data

Geraldine E. Rivera

Population Growth
The Global Village and Cultural Imperialism
Critiques of Cultural Imperialism
Social Media and the Creation of Cyber
Ghettoes
Conclusion
Activity 6.1: Illustrate It
Activity 6.2: Video It
Mastery Test

LESSON 7 Global Migration : Impact to Sending and Receiving Countries

Jovey Medina

Global Migration
Components of Population Growth

The Global Economy 5

 Effect World’s Population
Conclusion
Reflection
Activity 7.1: Expository Essay
Activity 7.2: Illustrate Using Graphical Design
Activity 7.3: Family Tree Construction
Mastery Test

LESSON 8 Global Filipino

Coleen Jean Templa

The “Perils” of Overpopulation

It’s the Economy, Not the Babies!
Women and Reproductive Rights
The Feminist Perspective
Population Growth and Food Security
Conclusion
Activity 8.1:
Activity 8.2:
Mastery Test

Appendices

References

About the Authors

The Global Economy 6

 THE UNITED NATIONS AND

3
CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL
GOVERNANCE

Learning
Outcomes: Pretest
At the end of the
lesson, you will be Directions: In three to five sentences, write your own understanding about
able to:
international organization. Write your sentences on the space provided.
• Interpret
international
organization
_________________________________________________________
functions and _________________________________________________________
personality; _________________________________________________________
• Demonstrate the _________________________________________________________
UNITED NATIONS
_________________________________________________________
as a government
and its existence; _________________________________________________________
• Appreciate the
_________________________________________________________
rich history of _________________________________________________________
UNITED NATIONS.

Overview
An international organization refers to public or intergovernmental
organizations, in contrast to private or non-governmental organizations
(NGOs) such as Amnesty International or the Red Cross. While they
can appear in a variety of forms, international organizations typically
are:
 Institutions established by a treaty – sometimes denominated as a
“charter” which serves as the constitution of the organization;
(search TREATY for more comprehension)

 Composed of members that are State or International

Organizations; regulated by International Law; and

 Endowed with a legal personality, and thus generally can engage

in contracts, and can sue and be sued in national courts subjects
to certain immunity. The Contemporary World 7
The International Organization
nder the contemporary
U international law, international
organizations are endowed with
some degree of international legal
personality such that they capable of
exercising specific rights, duties and
powers. They are organized mainly as a
means for conducting general international
business in which the member states have
an interest. There are specialized agencies
under the international organizations
having functions in particular fields, such
as posts, telecommunications, railways,
canals, rivers, sea transports, civil aviation,
meteorology, atomic energy, finance, trade,
education, health, refugees and culture.
An international organizations with
“SUPRANATIONAL POWERS” is
generally regarded as one has the power to
bind its member States by its decisions. As
such they have more governmental
authority and law making power in relation
to their member States than to traditional
international organizations. One key
indicator of supranationality is the
authority of the organizations to make its
law directly applicable and enforceable
within the territory of the member States
without further execution by the national
governments unlike a treaty whereby a
State need an enactment from its law
making body to give effect of the
agreement entered by the State as
SIGNATORY thereto.
A particular form of supranational
organization distinguishable from
traditional international organizations by a
number of factors, including: 1) the
decisions of these organizations are
generally binding upon the member
governments; 2) the organizations has the
power to enforce its decisions; and 3)
unilateral withdrawal is usually not
possible. The key difference between
supranational organizations is that State
transfer a larger degree of sovereignty to
them than to international organizations.
An example of a supranational
organization are the European Union, it
began to develop with the adoption in 1951
of the Treaty establishing the European
Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)
followed by the adoption in 1957 of
treaties establishing its two (2) sister
organizations: the European Economic
Community (EEC) and the European
Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM).
Together, this three (3) institutions became
known as the “EUROPEAN
COMMUNITIES”, the treaties establishing
the European Communities have been
revised several times through the Single
European Act (1985), the Treaty of the
European Union or “Maastricht Treaty”
(1992), the Treaty of Amsterdam (1997),
and then Treaty of Nice (2001).
Certain provisions of the
Community treaties and various legislative
measures of the community are directly
applicable law within the member States,
superseding national law in case of
conflict, there laws prevail, to that extent,
the law of the Community has a status of a
law.
The Contemporary World 8

THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
Guide Question:
 WHAT IS THE LEAGUE OF
NATIONS?
 WHAT FACTORS HAVE LED
TO THE LEAGUE’S DEMISE?
 WHEN WAS THE LEAGUE
DISSOLVED?
PREVIEW:
T
he League of Nations was an
international organizations created
after the First World War. It was
established after the Paris Peace
Conference of 1919 which was organized
by the victors of the WWI to negotiate
peace treaties between the Allied and
Associated Powers and the defeated
Central Powers. The covenant establishing
the League was part of the Treaty of
Versailles. The League of Nations formally
came into existence on January 10, 1920
with Headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.
Its organizations included the council, the
Assembly and the Secretariat. Autonomous
but closely connected to the League of
Nations were the Permanent Court of
International Justice (ICJ) and International
Labor Organization (ILO).
In the outbreak of the 2nd World War
was the immediate cause of the League’s
demise, other factors are:
a. While it was supported by US
President Woodrow Wilson, the US
Senate did not ratify the
VeraillesTreaty mainly objecting to
Article 16 that says in part:
“ Should any member of the League
resort to war in disregard of its covenants,
it shall ipso facto be deemed to have
committed as act of war against all other
members of the League xxxx. It shall be
the duty of the Council in such case to
recommend to the several governments
concerned what effective Military, Naval,
or Air Force the members of the League
shall severally contribute to the armed
forces to be used to protect the covenants
of the League.
b. The League was generally weak
because even the military sanctions
that may be taken pursuant to the
second sentence of the Article 16
were not considered to be legally
binding obligations.
c. Difficulty of the council in enacting
resolutions because of the required
unanimous vote of all its members,
so conclusive and effective action
was difficult, if not imposable.
The League was officially dissolved
itself at a meeting of its Assembly in 1946.
Its services, mandates, and property were
transferred to the United Nations. “THE
LEAGUE IS DEAD, long live the United
Nations!” this was the famous comment of
The Contemporary World 9
Lord Robert Cecil, one of the Architects of
the League of Nations on the dissolutions
of the League.
THE UNITED NATIONS
Guide Question:
 WHAT IS THE UNITED
NATIONS
ORGANIZATIONS?
 WHAT IS THE PRINCIPLE
OF CHARTER SUPREMACY?
 DOES THE UNITED
NATIONS HAVE JURIDICAL
PERSONALITY?
 WHAT ARE THE PURPOSE
OF THE UNITED NATIONS?
he United Nations is a public
T organizations of States that was
established
intergovernmental
nd
by
after the end of the 2 World War.
the
cooperation
Established on October 24, 1945 by 51
countries as an outcome of the initiatives
taken by the UNITED STATES, USSR,
GREAT BRITAIN and CHINA, it has,
according to its Charter, four purposes: 1)
To maintain international peace and
security; 2) to develop friendly relations
among nations, 3) to cooperate in solving
international problem and in promoting
respect for Human Rights; 4) to be a center
for harmonizing the actions of nations.
In the event of conflict between the
obligations of the members of the United
Nations under the Charter and their
obligations under any other international
agreement, their obligations under the
Charter shall prevail (UN Charter, Art.
103). This is known as the PRINCIPLE OF
INTERNATIONAL CONSTITUTIONAL
SUPREMACY, which places the United
Nations Charter at the apex in the
hierarchy of international law norms,
giving it a status on the international plane
roughly comparable to that of a national
constitution in national law.
An amendments to the Charter shall
come into force when they have been
adopted by a vote of two third of the
members of the General Assembly and
ratified in accordance with their respective
constitutional processes by two third of the
members of the United Nations, including
all the permanent members of the Security
Council.
The United Nations shall possess
juridical personality, it shall have the
capacity to enter into a) contract; b) to
acquire and dispose of its property; and c)
to institute legal proceedings. The United
Nations shall enjoy in the territory of each
of its members such legal capacity as may
be necessary for the exercise of its
The Contemporary World 10
functions and the fulfillment of its 6. The Organization shall ensure that
purposes. States which are not Members of the
United Nations acts in accorfance
Under Art. 2 of the United Nations
with these Principles so far as may
Charter provides that the organizations and
be necessary for the maintenance of
its members, in pursuit of its purposes shall
international peace and security; and
act in accordance with the following
7. Non-intervention in matters which
principles:
are essentially within the domestic
1. Principle of the sovereign equality of jurisdiction of any State.
all its members;
Domestic jurisdiction clause (Art.
2. Fulfillment of the obligations
2(7) of the United Nations Charter
assumed by them in good faith in
prohibits the United Nations
accordance with the
from intervening in matters
Charter;
which are essentially within
3. Settlement of
The United Nations the domestic jurisdiction of
international disputes
shall enjoy in the any State. EX: MARAWI
by peaceful means in
siege wherein it is a
such a manner that territory of each of
domestic problem.
international peace its members such
and security and legal capacity as may CLASSES OF MEMBERS
justice, are not be necessary for the OF THE UNITED
endangered; NATIONS:
exercise of its
4. To refrain in their
international relations
functions and the Members may be classified
fulfillment of its as:
from the threat or use
of force against the purposes. a) ORIGINAL
territorial integrity or MEMBERS – the State
political which, having participated
independence of any state, or in any in the United Nations Conference on
other manner inconsistent with the International Organization at San
purposes of the organization; Francisco, USA, or having pre-
5. To give United Nations every signed the Declaration by the United
assistance in any actions it takes in Nations of January 1, 1942, signed
accordance with the Charter, and to and duly ratified the Charter. There
refrain from giving assistance to any were FIFTY ONE (51) members,
State against which the United including the Philippines.
Nations is taking preventive or b) NON-ORIGINAL MEMBERS - the
enforcement actions; States which were admitted to
membership by a decision of two-
The Contemporary World 11
 third vote in the General Assembly
upon the recommendation of a
qualified majority in the Security
Council. (Art. 3 of the UN Charter)
The qualifications for membership in the
United Nations is open to peace loving
State which accept the obligations
contained in the Charter and in the
judgment of the Organization and are able
and willing to carry out these obligations.
(UN Charter, Art. 4)
The admission of State to
membership in the United Nations by two
third majority of the members voting and
present during the General Assembly upon
the recommendation of a qualified majority
in the Security Council.
A member State against which
preventive or enforcement action has been
taken by the Security Council may be
suspended from the exercise of the rights
and privileges of membership by two third
majority present and voting in the General
Assembly upon the recommendation of a
qualified majority in the Security Council,
it must be noted, however, that the member
will not actually be suspended from its
membership, but only from the exercise of
the rights and privileges of membership.
The exercise and rights and privileges may
be restored by the Security Council.
A member State who has
persistently violated the principles
contained in the Charter maybe expelled
from the Organization by two third
majority of the members present and
voting in the General Assembly upon the
recommendation of a qualified majority in
the Security Council.
Unlike the covenant of the League
of Nations, the UN Charter has no
provisions on withdrawal of membership,
at the San Francisco conference, it was
agreed that no express provision should
made in the Charter either to permit or to
prohibit withdrawal from the organization,
and a formal statement was made to that
effect by the committee. The statement
recognizes that “EXCEPTIONAL
CIRCUMSTANCES” might make a
member feel constrained to withdraw. An
example from the legal stand point is the
right to withdraw in the event of the
adoption of amendment to the Charter in
which the particular State has not
concurred and which it finds itself unable
to accept, or in the event but an
amendment duly adopted fails to secure the
ratification necessary to bring the
amendment into effect. A member of the
Security Council, including the permanent
members may abstain from voting if it is a
party to the dispute.
THE PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF THE
UNITED NATIONS:
 The General Assembly
Unlike the covenant of the
League of Nations, the UN
Charter has no provisions on
withdrawal of membership…
The Contemporary World 12
 The Security Council  The International Court of Justice;
 The Economic and Social Council and
(ECOSOC)  The Secretariat
 The Trusteeship Council

Activity 3.1 Elaborate It

Directionss: In 250-300 words, elaborate in your own understanding NGOs and GOs, and their
existence. Use the space provided below.

____________________________________________________________________
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The Contemporary World 13

Activity 3.2 Elucidate It
Directionss: Write in 350 words, elucidate the essence of the existence of the United
Nations and its purposes. Make sure to reflect the basic parts of an essay:
Introduction, Body and Conclusion. Use the space provided below.

_______________________________

Title of your essay

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
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The Contemporary World 14

Activity 3.3 Reference It
Directionss Among the principal organs of the United Nations, choose one and discuss it by using a
wide range of references:. Use the space provided below. You may use extra sheet if
necessary.

____________________________________________________________________
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The Contemporary World 15