Human Body

GABINO E. SANTOS, M.Sc.

UNIT EXPECTED OUTCOMES:

Define anatomy and describe the levels at which anatomy can be

studied and the goals of physiology

Describe the six levels of organization of the body, and the

major characteristics of each level.

Relate the six different characteristics of life with the

homeostasis

.
Describe a person in anatomical position, the directional
terms for the human body, and use them to locate specific
body structures
1
Scientific discipline
the parts
structure
of the
body for
Anatomy of
the
study. body
to dissect , or cut apart
& separate

Surface Anatomy and Anatomical Imaging

(VanPutte, Regan, & Russo, 2016)
REGIONAL ANATOMY
 1
processes or functions of
living things

Therefore physiology is the

science of body functions
(Tortora & Freudenrich, 2011)
Organism

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATON OF

2 THE HUMAN BODY
 3 Characteristics of
Organization
Metabolism
Responsiveness
Growth
Development
Reproduction
Homeostasis
VanPutte, Regan, & Russo, (2016).
 3 Characteristics of
Organization
specific interrelationships for it to perform functions essential for
the living organism to thrive.

Metabolism
chemical reactions taking place in an organism

Responsiveness
capability to react or adjust to whether a stimulus or a change
Ex: body respiration process
VanPutte, Regan, & Russo, (2016).
 3 Characteristics of
Growth
an increase in number or length

Development
organism changes through time (functional capability)

Reproduction
ability to form new organism, giving possibility to tissue repairs
and continuity. VanPutte, Regan, & Russo, (2016).
 TERMINOLOGY AND
5 THE BODY PLAN
 . . Reclining body 5

body is lying face down

body is lying face up

(VanPutte, Regan, & Russo, 2016)

a. DIRECTIONAL TERMS 5
• Directional terms describe parts of the body relative to
each other.
• Directional terms are generally grouped in pairs of
opposites (Thompson, 2015).

-Medial -Posterior
-Lateral -Anterior
-Proximal -Superficial
-Distal -Deep
 5
• The Ulna is Medial to the radius

• The Lungs are Lateral to the heart

• The Phalanges (finger bones) are

distal to the carpals (wrist bones)

• The Humerus (arm bone) is

proximal to the radius
1. The Chest is Medial to the
Arms

2. The left ear is lateral to

left eye

3. The Hand is distal to the

shoulder

4. The shoulder is proximal

to the elbow
 The heart is
5 superior to the
liver

The sternum
(breastbone is
Anterior to the
heart

The esophagus
if posterior to
the trachea
The ribs are
superficial to the
lungs

The ribs are

deep to the skin
of the chest and The stomach is
back inferior to the
lungs
 1. The nose is
superior to the
eyes

4. The ribs
are anterior
to the skin of
the chest

3. The spinal
5. The ribs are cord is
superficial to the posterior to
lungs the belly

6. The ribs are

deep to the skin
of the chest and 2. The Femur is
back inferior to the
Tarsals
Make sure to familiarize
because these terms would
facilitate better
communication between
health care providers.
 5 b. ABDOMINAL REGIONS AND
QUADRANTS
• Determining exact
location of possible
problems concurrent
to different organ/s
can be difficult.
• For this reason, it was
subdivided further
into regions and
quadrants.
5
5 d. PLANES
• Body planes divide the body, even organs, into
sections.
1. Sagittal Plane
2. Frontal Plane
3. Transverse Plane
5
5
5
5
 Any
questions?
References:
1. Rizzo, D. C. (2016). Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology (Fourth
ed.). Boston, Massachussetts: Cengage Learning.

2. Thompson, G. S. (2015). Understanding Anatomy & Physiology: A

Visual, Auditory, Interactive

3. Approach,2nd Edition. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company.

Tortora, G. J., & Freudenrich, C. C. (2011). Visualizing Anatomy &
Physiology.

4. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. . VanPutte, C., Regan, J., & Russo, A. (2016).
Seeley's Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology. New York, New York:
McGraw-Hill Education.
UNIT EXPECTED OUTCOMES:

Define anatomy and describe the levels at which anatomy can be

studied and the goals of physiology

Describe the six levels of organization of the body, and the

major characteristics of each level.

Relate the six different characteristics of life with the

homeostasis

.
Describe a person in anatomical position, the directional
terms for the human body, and use them to locate specific
body structures
Human Body
GABINO E. SANTOS, M.Sc.