Math Solution M.1 B2-KEY

Based on the Basic Education
Core Curriculum B.E. 2551 (A.D. 2008) Revised Edition B.E. 2560 (A.D. 2017)
Math
Solution Answer Key
MATH
SOLUTION
MATH SOLUTION 1 Mathayomsuksa 1 Book 2

M ath Solution series, lower secondary level
(Mathayomsuksa 1-3) student books, meets
the secondary-student mathematical education
learning standards. The content offers complete
Mathayomsuksa 1
coverage of the Basic Education Core Curriculum
B.E. 2551 (A.D. 2008), Revised Edition B.E. 2560
(A.D. 2017). The books also contain detailed explanations
of mathematical concepts, step-by-step examples
and useful exercises. These allow students to practise
mathematical skills, and to encourage them the
confidence of mathematical knowledge. This Math
Solution series will help students gain a competence
of applying skills and also recalling the mathematical
concepts in the future.
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Book 2 Series Editor: Mr. James Payer Howell
Core Curriculum B.E. 2551 (A.D. 2008) Answer Key
Revised Edition B.E. 2560 (A.D. 2017)
MATH
SOLUTION Mathayomsuksa 1 Book 2
Series Editor: Mr. James Payer Howell
First published 2019 Institute of Academic Development (IAD)

All rights reserved. 1256/9 Nakornchaisri Road, Dusit, Bangkok 10300
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PREFACE
This Math Solution Series, secondary level 1-3, learning activity books meets the secondary-
student mathematical education learning standards.
It is the authors’ hope that this series will promote enduring understanding, cultivate an aptitude
for life-long learning, and deliver skills and knowledge that learners can apply to their daily lives.
Content
- All content is accurate, modern and up-to-date. The content was created to develop performance
for mathematical learning of students to conform to the content and learning standards which
are defined in the Basic Education Core Curriculum B.E. 2551 (A.D. 2008), Revised Edition
B.E. 2560 (A.D. 2017).
- Numerous images are used to illustrate important concepts and ideas, and to stimulate
learners’ interest.
Structure
- Books are divided into learning units, with sections and features for unit as set out below.
Learning unit overview and learning activities
- Vocabulary terms introduce useful vocabulary to learners after each unit.
- Diagram of Learning Contents summarises the knowledge to be learned throughout the unit.
- Comprehensiveness and integration of learning Math strands which include Numbers and
Algebra, Measurement and Geometry, Data Analysis and Probability
- Learning contents enable learners to think logically and systematically and analyse various
problems and apply mathematics to daily life.
Desirable characteristics and good citizenship
- Books consist of content and summary, skill enhancement problems, exercises, and review
exercises which aim to develop mathematical skills and processes, reasoning, problem solving,
and the presentation of mathematical ideas.
We also hope students to have enough mathematical ability to develop the quality of life and use
mathematics as a tool to learn other things, as well as use this basic knowledge for learning of high
level mathematics in the next step.
Mr. James Payer Howell

B.A. in Economics
Series Editor
CONTENTS
Page
Unit 1 Linear Equations in One Variable 5
1 Knowing Equations 6
2 Equations and Solutions of Equations 8
3 Equality Properties 10
4 Solving One Variable Linear Equations Using Equations Properties 14
5 Writing One Variable Linear Equations for Situations or Problems 22
6 Linear Equations with One Variable Word Problems 24
Summary and Review 66
Unit Test 67
Unit 1 Vocabulary 73
Unit 2 Ratios, Proportions and Percentages 74

1 Ratios 75
2 Equivalent Ratios 79
3 Proportions 82
4 Percentages 86
5 Applications of Ratios, Proportions and Percentages 92
Unit Test 101
Unit 3 Graphs and Linear Relations 106

1 Ordered Pairs and Graphs 107
2 Applying Graphs 109
3 Graphing Linear Relations 114
4 Graphs of Two-Variable Linear Equations 117
5 Solving Two-Variable Linear Equations 127
6 Applying Two-Variable Linear Equations and Graph Linear Relations 141
Unit Test 1 153
Unit Test 2 160
Unit 4 Statistics (1) 164
1 Statistical Questions 166
2 Data Collection 167
3 Data Presentation and Interpretation 168
4 Use of Statistics in Real Life 193
Unit Test 198
Review Test 1 206

Review Test 2 211
01
UNIT
LINEAR EQUATIONS
IN ONE VARIABLE
Learning Contents
Knowing Equations
Equations and Solutions of Equations
LINEAR Equality Properties (addition,

EQUATION subtraction, multiplication, division)
IN ONE
VARIABLE Solving One Variable Linear Equations
Writing One Variable Linear Equations

for Situations or Problems
Linear Equations with One Variable
Word Problems
1 Knowing Equations
Consider the following pictures.
(1) (2) (3)
How many will balance with in picture (4) of the last balance scale?
Think about it.
From (3) balance with
balance with (from (1) balance )
(4)
balance with (from (2) balance )
balance with
From (2) balance with
balance with together with
balance with
Therefore, we must put into (4) to balance with
Let x substitute , which is unknown to write an equation.
x =
5
3x + 5 =
12
3x =
11
6x + 9 =
18
6 Math Solution 1 Book 2

1.1 Problems
Sangdao is the eldest sister and she always asks questions to her younger sisters. One day,
she asked Sangduan a question:
“Let’s think of a number when it is multiplied by three, and subtracted by two, so what would
the result be?”
Sangduan said “the result is 19”.
Sangdao replied “so the number is 7”.
Sangduan asked “How did you calculate it?
“I will not yet tell you, but when you study equations then you will understand”. First, try to solve
the following questions.
Find the answers by putting a number in.
1. (7 × ) - 3 = 32 answer 5
2. (4 × 9) + = 42 answer 6
3. ( × 8) - 2 = 70 answer 9
4. 12 + 72 = 78 answer 2
5. 40 - 10 = 35 answer 50
1.2 Variables
Before knowing the meaning of a variable, try to solve the following problems.
Write the following statements in notation form.
Statements Written in Notation Form
1) Two 2
2) A number plus five +5
3) A number minus seven -7
4) A number multiplied by nine ×9
5) A number divided by eleven ÷ 11
From the table above, you can see that we don’t know what the value of that number is. If you
substitute in statement 1) with x, it will become 2x.
If you substitute with other letters, such as a, b, c, k, l, m, we can call those letters “variables”.
Unit 1 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE 7

2 Equations and Solutions of Equations
Write mathematical sentences when x represents a variable.
Statements Mathematical Sentence
A number plus three is equal to eight. x+3=8
Two is less than three. 2<3
A number plus three is less than eight. x+3<8
A number plus seven is greater than ten. X + 7 > 10
A number multiplied by eight is greater than sixty-four. 8x > 64
x
A number divided by eleven is greater than six. 11 > 6
From the example above, you can see that a mathematical sentence can have a variable or no
variable.
Convert sentences to mathematical sentence
Statements Notation Form
A number plus threes is equal to eight. X+3=8
A number minus seven is equal to sixteen. x - 7 = 16
Three times of a number is equal to thirty three. 3x = 33
x
A number divided by nine is equal to seventeen. 9 = 17
A mathematical sentence that states the relation between two values being equal is
called an equation. In an equation, the left side is always equal to the right side.

EXERCISE 1
Convert the sentences to mathematical sentences with a as a variable.
Statements Mathematical Sentences
1) A number plus nine is equal to seventeen. a + 9 = 17
2) Five times a number minus six is equal to thirty-four. 5a - 6 = 34
3) Eight times a number is equal to eighty-eight. 8a = 88
a
4) A number divided by twelve is equal to eleven. 12 = 11
a
5) A number divided by nine plus thirteen is equal to thirty-one. 9 + 13 = 31
2.1 True or False Equations

Consider an equation 5x = 50, you can see that x is the variable.
If you substitute x with 9, it will be a false equation because 5 × 9 ≠ 50.
If you substitute x with 10, it will be a true equation because 5 × 10 = 50.
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks.
Truth Value
Equations Value of a variable
True False
1) 18 + x = 36 18 ✓ _
2) 13 - y = 8 7 _ ✓
3) 2z + 5 = 45 20 ✓ _
4) x + 13 = 16 48 _ ✓
12
5) 5x - 10 = 8 90 ✓ _
2.2 Solutions to Equations

Consider the number in the following table:
Mathematical sentences A value of variable that makes the equation true
1) 13 + y = 30 17
2) 2y - 15 = 5 10
3) x + 18 = 21 36
12
We call any number that substitutes a variable in an equation, and then makes the equation
true, the solution to equation.
EXERCISE 3
Fill in the blanks.
Value of Truth Value Solutions to
Equations Variable Equations
True False
1) k + 5 = 16 11 ✓ _ 11
2) 40 8 ✓ _ 8
m -3=2
3) 7n + 15 = 43 4 ✓ _ 4
4) 8p - 7 = 65 9 ✓ _ 9
5) 13q + 9 = 74 5 ✓ _ 5
6) r + 5 = 5 + r All real numbers ✓ _ All real numbers
7) s + 8 = s - 6 _ _ ✓ No solution
8) (t - 3)(t - 4) = 0 3, 4 ✓ _ 3 and 4
Note
When a product of two numbers is zero, it means either one number or both
numbers are zero.
3 Equality Properties
3.1 Equality Property of Addition
Consider the following equations:
1) 2+1 = 3
(2 + 1) + 4 = 3 + 4
7 = 7
2) 4+1 = 5
(4 + 1) + x = 5 + x (x is any number.)
a = b
a + c = b + c (a, b, and c are any numbers.)
From the examples, you can see that all sentences are true. It can be concluded that:
When two numbers are equal and you add another number to both sides, the sums will
also be equal. This property is called the equality property of addition.
Written in notation form as:
Let a, b and c be any numbers, if a = b, then a + c = b + c.
EXERCISE 4
Fill in the blanks using the equality property of addition.
1. Given x = 21 therefore, x + 9 = 21 + 9
2. Given y = 35 therefore, y + 12 = 35 + 12
3. Given z = 74 therefore, z + 24 = 74 + 24
4. Given k = 48 therefore, k + 15 = 48 + 15
5. Given p = 96 therefore, 96 + 28 = p + 28
6. Given (m – 6) = 57 therefore, (m - 6) + 11 = 57 + 11
3.2 Equality Property of Subtraction

1) 5+4 = 9
(5 + 4) – 3 = 9 – 3
6 = 6
2) 6 + 10 = 16
(6 + 10) – y = 16 – y (y is any numbers.)
3) a= b
a – c = b – c (a, b, and c are any numbers.)
From the above example, you can see that all mathematical sentences are true. It can be
concluded that:
When two numbers are equal and you subtract another number from both sides, the
difference will be equal. This property is called the equality property of subtraction.
Let a, b and c be any numbers, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks using the equality properties of subtraction.
1. Given a = 18 therefore, a - 12 = 18 - 12
2. Given b = 29 therefore, b - 24 = 29 - 24
3. Given c = 33 therefore, c - 16 = 33 - 16
4. Given d = 42 therefore, d-5 = 42 - 5
5. Given (e – 5) = 48 therefore, (e - 5) - 11 = 48 - 2
6. Given 52 = (f + 10) therefore, 52 - 9 = (f + 10) - 9
3.3 Equality Property of Multiplication

1) 3+4 = 7
(3 + 4) × 8 = 7 × 8
56 = 56
2) 5 + 11 = 16
(5 + 11) × z = 16 × z (z is any numbers.)
3) a = b
a × c = b × c (a, b, and c are any numbers.)
From the above examples, you can see that all mathematical sentences are true. It can be
concluded that:
When two numbers are equal and you multiply another number to both sides, the product
will be equal. This property is called the equality property of multiplication.
Let a, b and c be any numbers, if a = b, then a × c = b × c.
EXERCISE 6
Fill in the blanks using the equality properties of subtraction.
1. Given a = 7 therefore, a×6 = 7×6
2. Given b = c therefore, 15 × b = 15 × c or 15c
3. Given c = a therefore, c × 22 = a × 22
x
4. Given 23x = 9 therefore, 23 × 23 = 9 × 23
5. Given y = 16 therefore, y × 14 = 16 × 14
6. Given 15 z = 27 therefore, z 27 × 15
15 × 15 =
3.4 Equality Property of Division
1) 4 + 8 = 12
4 + 8 = 12
4 4
3 =3
2) 6 + 7 = 13
6 + 7 = 13 (a is any non-zero numbers.)
a a
3) a = b
a = b (a, b, and c are any numbers, where c is non-zero.)
c c
From the above example, you can see that all mathematical sentences are true. It can be
concluded that:
When two numbers are equal and you divide both side by the another non-zero number,
the quotient will be equal. This property is called the equality property of division.
Let a, b and c be any numbers, if a = b, then ac = bc .
EXERCISE 7
1. Fill in the blanks using the equality properties of division.
a = 25 or 5
1. Given a = 25 therefore, 5b 5
2. Given b = x therefore, 12 = 12 x
c 39 or 3
3. Given c = 39 therefore, 13y = 13
4. Given y = 56 therefore, 7 = 56 7
x zy
5. Given x = z therefore, y = when y ≠ 0
m
6. Given m = n therefore, b = n
b when b ≠ 0
2. Fill in the blanks.
1. Given a = 18 therefore, a + 18 = 18 + 18 or 36
2. Given b = 22 therefore, 22 + 11 or 33 = b + 11
3. Given c = 36 therefore, c - 12 = 36 - 12 or 24

Solving One Variable Linear Equations
4 Using Equality Properties
4.1 Solving Equations Using the Equality Property of Addition
Example 1
Solve the equation x - 18 = 35
Solution x - 18 = 35
Take 18 and add it to both sides,
Get x - 18 + 18 = 35 + 18
Or x = 53
Verify: Substitute x with 53 into the equation x - 18 = 35,
Get 53 - 18 = 35, which is a true equation.
Therefore, 53 is the solution to the equation x - 18 = 35
EXERCISE 8
Solve the equation x - 36 = 52
Take 36 and add it to both sides ,

Solution Get x - 36 + 36 = 52 + 36
Or x = 88
Verify: Substitute x with 88 into the equation x - 36 = 52 ,
Get 88 - 36 = 52 , which is a true equation.
Therefore, 88 is the solution to the equation x - 36 = 52
2. Solve the following equations.
1) b - 1.5 = 3.5
Solution: Take 1.5 and add it to both sides,
Get b - 1.5 + 1.5 = 3.5 + 1.5
Or b = 5
Verify: Substitute b with 5 into the equation b - 1.5 = 3.5,
Get 5 - 1.5 = 3.5, which is a true equation.
Therefore, 5 is the solution to the equation b - 1.5 = 3.5
2) 2) c – 7 12 = 1 12
Solution: c - 15 3
2 = 2
Take 152 and add to both sides,

Get c - 15 2 + 15 = 3 + 15
2 2 2

Or c = 18
2
= 9

Verify: Substitute c with 18
2 into the equation c - 7 12 = 1 12 ,
Get 18 - 15 = 3 which is a true equation.
2 2 2
Therefore, 9 is the solution to the equation c - 7 2 =
1 1 12
4.2 Solving Equations Using the Equality Property of Subtraction

Example 2
Solve the equation y + 14 = 64
Solution y + 14 = 64
Take 14 and subtract to both sides,
Get y + 14 - 14 = 64 - 14
Or y = 50
Verify: Substitute y with 50 into the equation y + 14 = 64,
Get 50 + 14 = 64 which is a true equation.
Therefore, 50 is the solution to the equation y + 14 = 64
EXERCISE 9
Solve the equation z + 25 = 75
Take 25 and subtract it from both sides ,

Solution Get z + 25 - 25 = 75 - 25
Or z = 50
Verify: Substitute x with 50 into the equation z + 25 = 75 ,
Get 50 + 25 = 75 , which is a true equation.
Therefore, 50 is the solution to the equation z + 25 = 75

1) a + 29 = 62
Solution: Take 29 and subtract it from both sides,
Get a + 29 – 29 = 62 - 29
Or a = 33
Verify: Substitute a with 33 into the equation a + 29 = 62,
Get 33 + 29 = 62 which is a true equation.
Therefore, 33 is the solution to the equation a + 29 = 62
2) b + 3.2 = 6.8
Solution: Take 3.2 and subtract it from both sides,
Get b + 3.2 – 3.2 = 6.8 – 3.2
Or b = 3.6
Verify: Substitute b with 3.6 into the equation b + 3.2 = 6.8,
Get 3.6 + 3.2 = 6.8 which is a true equation.
Therefore, 3.6 is the solution to the equation b + 3.2 = 6.8
4.3 Solving Equations Using the Equality Property of Multiplication

Example 3
Solve the equation z
8 = 4
z
Solution 8 = 4
Take 8 and multiply it to both sides,
Get z
8 ×8 = 4×8
Or z = 32
Verify: Substitute z with 32 into the equation z
8 = 4,
Get 32 8 = 4 which is a true equation.
Therefore, 32 is the solution to the equation z
8 = 4

EXERCISE 10
a =9
Solve the equation 18
18
Solution a =9
Take 18 and multiply it to both sides ,
a × 18
Get 18 = 9 × 18
Or a = 162
a
Verify: Substitute a with 162 into the equation 18 = 9 ,
162
Get 18 = 9 which is a true equation.
a = 9
Therefore, 162 is the solution to the equation 18
b = 1.8
1) 1.2
Solution: Take 1.2 and multiply it to both sides,
Get 1.2 b × 1.2 = 1.8 × 1.2

Or b = 2.16
b
Verify: Substitute b with 2.16 into the equation 1.2 = 1.8,
Get 2.16
1.2 = 1.8 which is a true equation.
b
Therefore, 2.16 is the solution to the equation 1.2 = 1.8
2) 1c = 23
2 1
Solution: Take 2 and multiply it to both sides,
Get c1 × 12 = 23 × 12
2
Or c = 13
1 c 2
Verify: 1Substitute c with 3 into the equation 12 × 3 ,
Get 31 = 23 which is a true equation.
2

Therefore, 13 is the solution to the equation c1 = 23
2

4.4 Solving Equations Using the Equality Property of Division
Example 4
Solve the equation 8a = 48
Solution 8a = 48
Take 8 and divide it to both sides,
Get 8a = 48
8 8
Or a = 6
Verify: Substitute a with 6 into the equation 8a = 48,
Get 8 × 6 = 48 which is a true equation.
Therefore, 6 is the solution to the equation 8a = 48
EXERCISE 11
1. Complete the blanks.
Solve the equation 13b = 65
13b = 65
Solution
Take 13 and divide it to both sides ,
13b 65
Get 13 = 13
Or b = 5
Verify: Substitute b with 5 into the equation 13b = 65 ,
Get 13 × 5 = 65 , which is a true equation.
Therefore, 5 is the solution to the equation 13b = 65
1) 15x = 90
Solution: Take 15 and divide it to both sides,
Get 15x = 90
15 15
Or x = 6
Verify: Substitute x with 6 into the equation 15x = 90,
Get 15 × 6 = 90, which is a true equation.
Therefore, 6 is the solution to the equation 15x = 90

2) 2.6z = 10.4
Solution: Take 2.6 and divide it to both sides,
Get 2.6z 10.4
2.6 = 2.6
Or z = 4
Verify: Substitute z with 4 into the equation 2.6z = 10.4,
Get 2.6 x 4 = 10.4, which is a true equation.
Therefore, 4 is the solution to the equation 2.6z = 10.4
3) 45 y = 24 5
Solution: Take 4 and divide it to both sides,
Get 45 y × 54 = 24 × 54
Or y = 30
Verify: Substitute y with 30 into the equation 45 y = 24,

Get 45 × 30 = 24, which is a true equation.
Therefore, 30 is the solution to the equation 4 y = 24
5
4.5 Solving Equations Using the Equality Property of Addition,

Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division
Example 5
Solve the equation 56 x + 6 = 31
Solution 5 x + 6 = 31
6
Take 6 and subtract it to both sides,
Get 5 x + 6 - 6 = 31 - 6
6
Or 5 x = 25
6
Get 5 x × 6 = 25 × 6
6 5 5
x = 30
Verify: Substitute x with 30 into the equation 56 x + 6 = 31
Get 56 × 30 + 6 = 31, which is a true equation.
Therefore, 30 is the solution to the equation 56 x + 6 = 31

Example 6
Solve the equation 56 (3x + 3) = 30
Solution 5 (3x + 3) = 30
6
6
Get 6 (3x + 3) × 6 = 30 × 6
5 5 5
Or 3x + 3 = 36
Take 3 and subtract it to both sides,
Get 3x + 3 - 3 = 36 - 3
Or 3x = 33
Get 3x = 33
3 3
Or x = 11
Verify: Substitute x with 11 into the equation 56 (3x + 3) = 30
Get 56 ((3 × 11) + 3) = 30, which is a true equation.
Therefore, 11 is the solution to the equation 56 (3x + 3) = 30
EXERCISE 12
1) 12 (3 + 3c) - 9 = 45
Get (3 + 3c) - 18 = 90 or 3c - 15 = 90
Get 3c - 15 + 15 = 90 + 15
Or 3c = 105
Get 3c 105
3 = 3 or c = 35
Verify: Substitute c with 35 into the equation 12 (3 + 3c) - 9 = 45,

Get 12 (3 + (3 × 35)) - 9 = 45, which is a true equation.
Therefore, 35 is the solution to the equation 12 (3 + 3c) - 9 = 45

2) 0.5(8a + 6) = 42
Solution: Take 0.5 and divide it to both sides,
Get 0.5 42
0.5 (8a + 6) = 0.5 or 8a + 6 = 84
Take 6 and subtract it from both sides,
Get 8a + 6 – 6 = 84 – 6 or 8a = 78
Get 8a 78 78
8 = 8 or a = 8
a = 9.75
Verify: Substitute a with 9.75 into the equation 0.5(8a+6) = 42,
Get 0.5((8 × 9.75) + 6) = 42, which is a true equation.
Therefore, 9.75 is the solution to the equation 0.5(8a+6) = 42

3) 14 (16x - 28) = 24
Get 14 (16x - 28) × 4 = 24 × 4 or 16x - 28 = 96
Get 16x - 28 + 28 = 96 + 28 or 16x = 124
Get 16x 124
16 = 16 or x = 7.75
Verify: Substitute x with 7.75 into the equation 14 (16x - 28) = 24,
Get 14 ((16 × 7.75) - 28) = 24, which is a true equation.
Therefore, 7.75 is the solution to the equation 14 (16x - 28) = 24


Writing One Variable Linear Equations
5 for Situations or Problems
Before writing one variable linear equations, complete the blanks using a random variable.
Equality Properties Statements Notation Form
Addition A number plus ten x + 10
property A number plus five x+5
Eight plus a number 8+x
Subtraction A number minus five x-5
property A number minus fourteen x - 14
One hundred minus a number 100 - x
Multiplication A number multiplied by thirteen 13x
property Eighteen multiplied by a number 18x
Nineteen times of a number 19x
Division A number divided by ten x ÷ 10
property A number divided by thirty-four x ÷ 34
Twenty-eight divided by a number 28 ÷ x
Consider the following sentences, and write the equations to find the solution to the equations.
Sentences Equations Solutions
A number plus sixteen is equal to fourteen. x + 16 = 14 -2
Eighty-three is equal to a number minus 83 = x – 15 98
fifteen.
A product of a number and twelve is equal 12x = 108 9
to one hundred and eight.
A number divided by fourteen is equal to five. x ÷ 14 =5 70
3.8 plus two times a number is equal to 12. 3.8 + 2x = 12 4.1

Two times the sum of 4.8 and a number is 2(4.8 + x) = 28.8 9.6
28.8.

Consider the following problem statements and write the equations to find the solutions to the
equations.
Problem Statements Equations Solutions
Daosiri has 500 baht. Her father gave more 500 + x = 1,275 775 baht
money, so she has 1,275 baht in total.
Find the money the father gave her.
10
Taweewan went shopping at the department x + 880 = 3,200 - 100 × 3,200 2,000 baht
store. An item was labeled 3,200 baht with 10%
discount to the buyer. She counted her money
and it was 880 baht short. How much did she
have?
Kannikar bought wire to build a fence for 4x = 350 + 110 115 feet
350 feet long. After she made it into a square
shape, there was 110 feet missing. What was
the length of each side of the fence?
x + 24 - 6 = x
Bodin noticed that if his age plus 24, then 2 12 years old
divides the sum by 2, then substracts 6, the
result will be the same as his age in the begin-
ning. How old is Bodin?
Teacher Yuttana took students to a field trip. He x - 12 x + 15 x = 9 30 students

let half of the students take an air-conditioned
bus, one-fifth of the students take his big car,
and 9 more students take a van. How many
students did he take for a field trip?
A family travelled to a provincial area for 477 Let x be fuel amount

kilometres. Their car consumed 10.6 kilometres And y be the time spent
477
x = 10.6
per litre of fuel. If the car’s speed was 84 45 litres
kilometres per hour, how much fuel did they y = 477
84 5 57
84 hours
use and how long did they travel for?

Linear Equations with One Variable
6 Word Problems
In this section, we will use linear equations to solve some real life problems. The difficult part
of solving word problems is translating the words into equations.
Example 1
In the next 5 years, a boy will be y years old. Find out how old is his father now if the
father’s age will be twice his son’s age?
Current age Son’s age in the next 5 years Current age of father
Analysis
y-5 y 2(y - 5)
Besides drawing pictures, you may use a table.
Current Age Age in the Next 5 Years
Son y-5 y
Father 2(y - 5)
Drawing a diagram can help you visualise how to approach the problem.
Current age of son Age of son in the next 5 years
y-5
Current age of father = 2(y - 5)

Consider the validity of the statement.
If in the next 5 years the son will be 21 years old, how old is the father now if his age
is twice the son’s age now?

If your answer is the father is 42 years old now, it’s impossible because the problem
states that father’s age is twice the son’s current age. So, you have to find out the current age
of the son first.
The current age of the son is 21 - 5 = 16 years.
So, the current age of the father is 2 × 16 = 32 years.
Example 2
Currently, a son is 9 years old. The father’s age is 4 times his son’s age. How old will
the father be in the next n years?
Currently
Analysis Currently
Son is 9 years old. Father’s age is 4 times his son’s age. In n years,
Father is 36 years old. father will be 36 + n years old.
Drawing a diagram and using the table to solve the problem.
Current Age Age in n Years
Son 9 9+n
Father 4 x 9 = 36 36 + n

Drawing a diagram
Current age of the son
(The son is 9 years old.)

Current age of father Father’s age in the next n years
4 x 9 = 36 36 + n
Next, we will talk about different equation problems and steps to solve the problems and
practise analysing the concepts.
First, show the problem solving steps. After you understand it, try to practise analysing the idea
in the planning step. Practicing analysing the idea is an important part in problem solving. Before
writing down the solution, try to practice analysing the idea. Next we will give examples showing only
the solution and let the student practice analysing the idea on your own.
6.1 Number Problems
To let you understand, we will show the steps to solve the equation as follows:
Example 3
One fifth of a number equals 20.
Find that number.
Steps to solve the problem solution Methods
1. Understand the problems.
What is asked? Find the number. Suppose that number is x.
One fifth of a
What is given? number One fifth of a number equals 20.
equals 20.
2. Plan.
One fifth of a number equals 20 1 x = 20
5
3. Follow the plan. Multiply both sides by 5,
Get 15 x × 5 = 20 × 5
x = 100
4. Examine. Substitute x with 100 into the equation.
1 x = 20
5
Get 15 × 100 = 20 which is a true equation.
Therefore, 100 is the solution to the equation
15 x = 20
So, the number is 100.

Example 4
Seven times the difference of a number and 4 equals 80, find that number.
What is asked? Find the number. Suppose that number is x.
What is given? Seven times the Seven times of the difference between
difference of a number a number and 4 equals 80.
and 4 equals 80.
2. Plan.
The difference
7 times of a number equals 80. 7(x - 4) = 80
and 4
3. Follow the plan. Divide both sides by 7,

7 (x - 4) = 80
7 7
x - 4 = 807
Add 4 to both sides
x - 4 + 4 = 80 7 +4
x = 108
7
x = 15 37
4. Examine. Substitute x with 108
7 into the equation.
7(x - 4) = 80
Get 7(108 - 4) = 80
7
which is a true equation
Therefore, 108 or 15 3 is the solution
7 7
to the equation.
7(x - 4) = 80
So, the number is 15 37 .
From the example 3 and example 4, students may be confused. You should practise
more often to translate the words into equations correctly.
EXERCISE 13
1. Write equations from the word problems provided.
1) Eight times a number is 3 greater than Eight times of a part that number is greater
93. Find that number. than 3 equals 93. Find that number.
8x - 3 = 93 8(x - 3) = 93
2) Five times a number is 4 greater Five times of a part that number is greater
than 71. than 4 equals 71. Find that number.
Find that number.
5x - 4 = 71 5(x - 4) = 71
2. From exercise 1, show the completed solutions.

1) Solution:
8x - 3 = 93 8(x - 3) = 93
8x - 3 + 3 = 93 + 3 8x - 24 = 93
8x = 96 8x - 24 + 24 = 93 + 24
x = 96
8 8x = 117

8x = 117
x = 12 8 8
x = 14 58
2) Solution:
5x - 4 = 71 5(x - 4) = 71
5x - 4 + 4 = 71 + 4 5x - 20 = 71
5x = 75 5x - 20 + 20 = 71 + 20
5x = 75
5 5 5x = 91
5x = 91
x = 15 5 5
x = 18 15

3. Solve the equation by writing a step-by-step analysis.
If 18 minus six times a number equals 96, find that number.
What is asked? Find that number.
What is given? 18 minus six 18 minus six times of a number

times of a number equals 96
equals 96
2. Plan.
18 minus six times of a number equals 96 18 - 6x = 96
Subtract 18 from both sides
3. Follow the plan. 18 - 6x - 18 = 96 - 18

-6x = 78
Divide both sides by -6
-6x = 78
-6 -6
x = -13
4. Examine Substitute x with -13 in an equation

18 - 6x = 96
Get 18 - 6(-13) = 96 which is a true
equation.
Therefore -13 is the solution to the
equation 18 - 6x = 96.
So, the number is -13.

4. Write the solution to solve the equations.
1) Three times a number plus 18 equals 34 of that number.
Find that number.
Solution: Let x be a number
Get 3x + 18 = 34 x
4(3x + 18) = 3x
12x + 72 = 3x
12x - 3x = -72
9x = -72
x = -72
9
Therefore, x = -8
2) A number plus 25 of itself equals 56. Find that number.

Solution: Let x be a number
Get x + 25 x = 56

5x + 2x = 56 × 5
7x = 280
x = 280 7

Therefore, x = 40
3) The sum of three consecutive positive numbers is 216. Find those three positive numbers.
Solution: Let x be the first number
Get x + (x + 1) + (x + 2) = 216
3x + 3 = 216
3x + 3 - 3 = 216 - 3
3x = 213
x = 213
3

x = 71
Therefore, three positive numbers are 71, 72, and 73

4) The first number is more than the second number by 10, and the sum of the two numbers
is 76. Find these 2 numbers.
Solution: (x + 10) + x = 76
2x = 66
x = 33
Larger number (33 + 10) = 43
Smaller number = 33
Therefore, the two numbers are 43 and 33

6.2 Age Problems

You have learned the steps to solve word problems. Before solving the next problem, you
should first analyse the planning steps, and then create the equation. Consider the following problem.
Example 5
Sirivibul’s age is 56 of Suntreeya’s age. If Sirivibul is 50 years old. How old is Suntreeya?
Analysing idea in the planning step:
Sirivibul Suntreeya
Age 56 of Suntreeya’s age x

50 ?

Solution Let x be Suntreeya’s age
Sirivibul’s age is 56 of Suntreeya’s age
If Sirivibul is 50 years old.
Therefore, the equation is 56 x = 50

Multiply both sides by 6,
Get 56 x × 6 = 50 × 6
Or 5x = 300
Divide both sides by 5,
Get 5x = 300
5 5
Or x = 60
Verify: Substitute x with 60 into the equation 56 x = 50,
56 × 60 = 50 is a true equation.
Therefore, 60 is the solution to the equation 56 x = 50.
Suntreeya is 60 years old.
EXERCISE 14
1. Solve the following problems by writing an analysis idea and show the solution.
Problem Analysis Solution
1. Vittaya’s age is 23 of Vittaya Nittaya Suppose Nittaya is x years old.
Nittaya’s age. If Vittaya’s age is 23 of Nittaya’s.
Vittaya is 30 years Vittaya is 23 x years old.
old, how old is If Vittaya is 30 years old,
Nittaya? Get 2 x = 30
3
3 × 23 x = 3 × 30
2x = 90
2 of Nittaya’ age x Divide both sides by 2,
3 2x = 90
2 2
30 years old ? x = 45
Therefore, Nittaya is 45 years old.

2. Nalinee’s age is 34 of Nalinee Suda Suppose Suda is x years old.
Suda’s age. If Nalinee’s age is 34 of Suda’s.
Nalinee is 12 years Nalinee is 34x years old.
old, how old is Suda? If Nalinee is 12 years old,
Get 34x = 12
4 × 34x = 4 × 12
3x = 48
3 of Suda’s age x 3x 3 = 3
48
4 x = 16
12 years old ? Therefore, Suda is 16 years old.
3. 6 years ago, a son’s Suppose now the father is x years old.

6 years ago Now
age was a quarter Son 1 (x - 6) 13 6 years ago, the father was x - 6
of his father’s age. 4
Father x-6 x years old.
Currently, the son is 6 years ago, the son’s age was 14
13 years old. of father’s.
Find the father’s Currently, the son is 13 years old.
current age. Get 14 (x - 6) + 6 = 13
(x - 6) + 24 = 52
x + 18 = 52
Subtract 18 from both sides,
x + 18 - 18 = 52 - 18
x = 34
Therefore, the father is currently 34
years old.

4. Currently, a mother 14 years ago Now Suppose the son is now x years old.
is 64 years old. Son 1 × 50 x 14 years ago, the son was x - 14
2
14 years ago, Mother 64 - 14 = 50 64 years old.
the son’s age was Currently, the mother is 64 years old.
1 of mother’s age. 14 years ago, the mother was
2
Find the son’s 64 - 14 years old.
current age. = 50 years old.
14 years ago, the son’s age was
1 of his mother’s.
2
Therefore, 14 years ago, the son was
1 × 50 years old.
2
= 25 years old.
Get x - 14 = 25
Add 14 to both sides
x - 14 + 14 = 25 + 14
x = 39
Therefore, the current age of the
son is 39 years old.
2. Show the method to solve these problems.

1) Yongyut is three times the age of his son. In the next 14 years, his age will be double of his
son. How old are Yongyut and his son at the present?
Solution: Yongyut’s son is x years old.
Yongyut is 3x years old.
3x + 14 = 2(x + 14)
3x + 14 = 2x + 28
3x - 2x = 28 - 14
So, his son is 14 years old.
Yongyut is 3(14) = 42 years old.


2) Sriya is four times older than Paradee. In the next 4 years, Sriya’s age will be double Paradee’s
age. How old are Sriya and Paradee at the present?
Solution: Paradee is x years old.
Now, Sriya is 4x years old.
4x + 4 = 2(x + 4)
4x - 2x = 8 - 4
So, 2x = 4
x = 2
So, Sriya is 4(2) = 8 years old.
Paradee is 2 years old.
3) At the moment, Wuttichai is 25 years old and he is older than his brother. In the next 15 years,
Wuttichai will be two times his brother’s age. How old is his brother at the present?
Solution: Brother’s age is x years
Wuttichai’s age is 25 years
In the next 15 years, Wuttichai’s age will be 2(x + 15) years.
So, the brother’s age is 25 + 15 = 2(x + 15)
40 = 2x + 30
10 = 2x
x = 5
So, his brother is 5 years old.
4) At present, Wiyada is two times older than Dara. Two years ago, Wiyada was three times
older than Dara. How old are Wiyada and Dara at the present?
Solution: Now, Dara is x years old.
Now, Wiyada is 2x years old.
2x - 2 = 3(x - 2)
x = 4
So, Dara is 4 years old.
Wiyada is 2(4) = 8 years old.


5) At present, Pornthip is two times older than Panumart. Seven years ago, the sum of their
ages was 16 years. How old are Pornthip and Panumart at the present?
Solution: Now, Panumart is x years old.
Now, Pornthip is 2x years old.
(2x - 7) + (x - 7) = 16
3x - 14 = 16
3x = 30
x = 10
So, Panumart is 10 years old.
Pornthip is 2(10) = 20 years old.
6.3 Geometry Problems

Example 6
A triangle has 2 equal sides. The third side is 9 centimetres long. If the sum of all three
sides is 19 centimetres, how long are the 2 equal sides?
Let x be the length of 2 equal sides.
Solution
The third side’s length is 9 centimetres.
Therefore, 2x + 9 = 19
Subtract 9 from both sides
Get 2x + 9 - 9 = 19 - 9
Or 2x = 10
Divide both sides by 2
Get 2x = 10
2
Or x = 5
Verify: Substitute x with 5 into the equation 2x + 9 = 19,
2 × 5 + 9 = 19 is a true equation.
Therefore, 5 is the solution to the equation 2x + 9 = 19.
Each of the two equal sides of the triangle is 5 centimetres long.

Example 7
An isosceles triangle has two equal base angles. The third angle is 76 degrees. The
sum of the three angles equals 180 degrees. Find the size of each of the base angles.
Let x be a base angle.
Solution
The third angle is 76 degrees.
Get 2x + 76 - 76 = 180 - 76
Or 2x = 104
Get 2x = 104
2 2
Or x = 52
2 × 52 + 76 = 180 is a true equation.
Each of the equal base angles of the isosceles triangle is 52 degrees.
EXERCISE 15
1. Solve the following problems by writing an analysing idea and show the solution.
1. A rectangle has a Suppose the width is x centimetres.
perimeter six The perimeter is 6 times of its width.
The perimeter is 30 centimetres.
times its width. 6x = 30
x
If the perimeter is Divide both sides by 6,
30 centimetres, find 6x 6 = 6
30
6x = 30
the width of the x = 5
rectangle. Therefore, the width is 5 centimetres.
2. A triangle has a top Suppose a base angle is x degrees.
angle three times The top angle is 3 times an equal base
an equal base angle.
108 ํ angle.
xํ xํ
108 = 3x
If the top angle is Divide both sides by 3
108 degrees, find the 108 = 3x 108 = 3x
3 3
base angle. 36 = x
Therefore, the base angle is 36 degrees.

1) An artist wants to make a rectangular photo frame for painting. The perimeter of the photo
frame is 25 centimetres, and the length is 1.5 times it’s width.
What are the width and the length of the frame?
Solution: The width of the frame is x centimetres.
The frame length is 1.5x centimetres.
2(x + 1.5x) = 25
2x + 3x = 25
5x = 25
x = 5
So, the width is 5 centimetres.
The length is 1.5 × 5 = 7.5 centimetres.
2) ABC is a triangle. The size of angle A is double angle B. Angle B is larger than angle C by
20 degrees. What is the size of each angle?
Solution: Angle B size is x degrees.
Angle A size is 2x degrees.
Angle C size is x - 20 degrees.
x + 2x + (x - 20) = 180
4x - 20 = 180
4x = 200
x = 50
So, Angle B size is 50 degrees.
Angle A size is 2(50) = 100 degrees.
Angle C size is 50 - 20 = 30 degrees.
3) There are 2 squares. One square is bigger than the other. The side of the big square is two
times the side of the smaller square. What lengths are each side of these two squares?
Given that the sum of both perimeters is 684 centimetres.
Solution: The small square has the length of each side x centimetres.
The big square has the length of each side 2x centimetres.
The perimeter of both squares is 648 centimetres.
4x + 4(2x) = 648

4x + 8x = 648
12x = 648
x = 54
So, the small square has the length of each side 54 centimetres.
The big square length side is 2(54) = 108 centimetres.
4) The length of a wire is 60 inches. It is divided into two parts. The first part is longer than the
second part by 14 inches. How long are the two parts?
Solution: The length of the short piece of wire is x inches.
The length of the long piece of wire is x + 14 inches.
x + x + 14 = 60
2x + 14 = 60
2x = 46
x = 23
So, the length of the short piece of wire is 23 inches.
The length of the long piece of wire is 23 + 14 = 37 inches.

5) The length of a rectangle is less than two times its width by 6 inches. If the perimeter is 84
inches, what is the area of the rectangle?
Solution: The width equals x inches.
The length equals 2x - 6 inches.
2(x + 2x - 6) = 84
2x + 4x - 12 = 84
6x = 96
x = 16
So, the width equals 16 inches.
The length equals 2(16) - 6 = 26 inches.
The area of the rectangle is 16 × 26 = 416 square inches.

6.4 Speed and Time Problems
Example 8
Two cars start at the same point. Both cars drive away from each other in the opposite
directions. The first car speed is slower than the second car 15 miles per hours. After 8 hours,
the distance between two cars is 840 miles. What are the speeds of both cars travelling?
Analyse the problem
Starting point
Second car First car
840 Miles
Let x be the speed of the second car.
x - 15 be the speed of the first car.
Car Distance (miles) Speed Time
First car 2(x - 15) x - 15 8
Second car 8x x 8
After 8 hours, the distance between two cars is 840 miles.

So, the equation of the solution is 8x + 8(x - 15) = 840
Let x be the speed of the second car. The first car is slower than the second car
Solution
15 miles per hour.
So, the first car’s speed is x -15 miles per hour.
After 8 hours,
The second car’s distance is 8x miles.
The first car’s distance is 8(x - 15) miles.
And the distance between two cars is 840 miles
So, 8x + 8(x - 15) = 840
8x + 8x -120 = 840
16x = 840 + 120
16x = 960
x = 60
Therefore, the second car’s speed is 60 miles per hour.
The first car’s speed is 60 - 15 = 45 miles per hour.

EXERCISE 16
No. Problem Plan and Process
1. Two trains start at the same station but 75 miles/hour 68 miles/hour
drive away from each other in opposite
direction. The faster train’s speed is 75 715 miles
miles per hour and the slower train’s Assume both trains run x hours
speed is 68 miles per hour. How long do 75x + 68x = 715
143x = 715
the trains take to travel until the distance
x = 5
between them is 715 miles? The trains take 5 hours.
2. A man rides a bike from his house to his x kilometres
office at the speed of 30 kilometres per home 30 km/hour office
hour. Then, he rides the bike from his 20 km/hour
office to his house at the speed of 20 Distance from home to office x km.
kilometres per hour. His total travel time The time use to ride from home to
is 5 hours. How far is his house from office 30x hours.
his office? The time to ride from office to
home 20x hours.
x x
30 + 20 = 5
2x × 3x = 5
60
5x = 300
x = 60
Distance from home to office is 60
kilometres.
3. Two trains are moving in opposite directions. 120 km/hour 110 km/hour
The faster train’s speed is 120 kilometres
per hour, and the slower train’s speed 1,150 kilometres
is 110 kilometres per hour. How long Assume both trains take x hours.
do the trains take when the distance 120x + 110x = 1,150
between them is 1,150 kilometres? 230x = 1,150
x = 5
The trains take 5 hours.

4. Two planes are flying side by side. After 600 miles/hour 450 miles/hour
5 mins, they are going in opposite
directions. Their speeds are 600 and 450
miles per hour. How long do the planes 3,150 miles
take when the distance between them is Assume both planes fly x hours.
3,150 miles? 600x + 450x = 3,150
1,050x = 3,150
x = 3
Both planes fly 3 hours.
5. Sangdao rode a motorcycle at the speed

Sangthip 55 miles/hour
of 40 miles per hour. After two hours,
Sangdao 40 miles/hour
Sangthip followed Sangdao in the same
direction at the speed of 55 miles per
Find the LCM of 40 and 55: 440
hour. How many hours would it take
So, the distance Sangthip can catch up
Sangthip to catch up with Sangdao?
with Sangdao is 440 miles.
Let x be the time Sangthip took to
catch up with Sangdao.
For 55 miles, Sangthip’s car took 1
hour.
For 440 miles, it took 55 440
1 = x
x = 440
55
x = 8
Sangthip took 8 hours catching up with
Sangdao.

1) The distance between two cars is 720 kilometres. Two cars drive towards each other and their
speeds are 70 and 50 kilometres per hour. How much time does it take until the cars meet?
Solution: Suppose the time the 2 cars will meet is x.
That will be 70x + 50x = 720
120x = 720
x = 6
So, the 2 cars will meet after 6 hours.

2) Two boys start riding bikes in the same direction at the same time. The first boy’s speed is
15 miles per hour and the second boy’s speed is 12 miles per hour.
In how many hours will they be 9 miles apart?
Solution: Two boys take x hours to travel 9 miles apart.
That will be 15x - 12x = 9
3x = 9
x = 3
So, it will take 3 hours to take them 9 miles apart.

3) Two planes fly in opposite directions (North and South). One travels to the north at 10 a.m.
and the other travels to the south at 12 p.m. At 2 p.m. the distance between both planes is
18,000 miles away. What are the speeds of these planes?
(Determine: the first plane’s speed is double the second plane’s speed.)
Solution: The speed of the plane fly to the south is x miles per hour
The speed of the plane fly to the north is 2x miles per hour
Therefore, 4(2x) + 2x = 18,000
8x + 2x = 18,000
10x = 18,000
x = 1,800
Therefore, the speed of the plane fly to the north is 2 × 1,800 = 3,600 miles
per hour and the speed of the plane fly to the south is 1,800 miles
per hour.
4) A regular train takes 18 hours to arrive its destination, but an express train travels to the same
destination in 15 hours. What are the speeds of both trains if the express train’s speed is
faster than the regular train 15 miles per hour?
Solution: The speed of the express train is x miles per hour.
The speed of the express train is faster than the regular train 15 miles per hour,
that is x - 15 miles per hour.
That will be 18(x - 15) = 15x
18x - 270 = 15x
18x - 15x = 270
3x = 270
x = 90
So, the speed of the express train is 90 miles per hour.
The speed of the regular train is 90 - 15 = 75 miles per hour.

5) Two boys ride bikes from two different towns at the same time. The distance between the
two towns is 40 kilometres. If the first boy’s speed is 3 kilometres per hour, and the second
boy’s speed is faster than the first boy’s 2 kilometres per hour, then how many hours will
they meet?
Solution: The two boys met cycling over time x hour.
The first boy cycling distance 3x kilometres.
The second boy cycling distance 3x + 2x = 5x kilometres.
8x = 40
x = 5
So, the two boys will meet after 5 hours.

6.5 Compound Liquid Problems
Example 9
How much 10 percent solution is needed to mix with 2 litres of 25 percent solution for
a total of 20 percent solution?
Consider the problem
First solution Second solution Third solution
x litres 2 litres x + 2 litres
10% = 0.1 25% = 0.25 20% = 0.2

The first solution is
Solution x litres.
And the second solution is 2 litres.
So, the third solution is x + 2 litres.
Then, the equation is 0.1x + 0.25(2) = 0.2(x + 2)
0.1x + 0.50 = 0.2x + 0.40
Subtract 0.1x from both sides of equation,
0.50 = 0.2 - 0.1x + 0.40
Subtract 0.40 from both sides of equation,
0.50 - 0.40 = 0.1x + 0.40 - 0.40
0.10 = 0.1x
1 = x
So, we’ll use a litre of 10 percent solution mixed with 2 litres of 25 percent
solution for a 20 percent solution.

EXERCISE 17
1. A 25% antiseptic solution weighing 32 Antiseptic solution Pure water Completed solution
grammes is mixed with pure water for 32 x x + 32
a 20% solution. How much pure water grammes grammes grammes
is added? 25 percent 0 percent 20 percent

(0.25) (0.20)
That will be
0.25(32) + 0 = 0.20(x + 32)
8 + 0 = 0.20x + 6.4
8 - 6.40 = 0.20x + 6.40 - 6.40
1.60 = 0.20x
8 = x
So, we’ll use 8 grammes of pure water
for this solution.
2. How much 20% acid solution is needed

to mix with 10 litres of a 30% acid x litres 10 litres x + 10
litres
solution for a 25% acid solution? 20 percent 30 percent 25 percent
(0.20) (0.30) (0.25)
That will be
0.2(x) + 0.3(10) = 0.25 (x + 10)
0.2x + 3 = 0.25x + 2.5
0.05x = 3 - 2.5
0.05x = 0.5
x = 10
So, we’ll need 20% acid for 10 litres.

3. A chemist wants to mix a 50% acid x gallon
600 - x
gallons 600 gallons
solution and an 80% acid solution to
make a 72% acid solution that is 600
gallons. How many litres of each should 50 % 80 % 72 %
be used? That will be
(1 gallon = 4.5461 litres) 0.5(x) + 0.8(600 - x) = 0.72(600)
480 - 0.3x = 432
0.3x = 48
x = 160
So, use 50% acid solution = 727.376 litres.
Use 80% acid solution = 2,000.284 litres.
4. A man mixes an 18% solution with water x litre

10 - x
litres 10 litres
to make a 12% solution that is 10 litres.
How many litres of each should be used?
18% 0% 12%
That will be
0.18(x) + 0(10 - x) = 0.12(10)
0.18(x) = 1.2
x ≈ 6.7
So, use the 18% acid solution ≈ 6.7 litres
and use water = 3.3 litres.
5. A 45% saline solution is mixed with an x gramme

400 - x
grammes 400 grammes
8% saline solution to make a 5% saline
solution that weighs 400 grammes. How
many grammes of each should be used? 45% 8% 5%
That will be
0.45x + 0.08(400 - x) = 0.05(400)
0.37x + 32 = 20
0.37x = 12
x = 32.43 grammes.
So, use the 45% saline solution = 32.43
grammes. And use the 8% saline solution
= 367.57 grammes.

1) 12% alloys are melted with 18% alloys to make 14% alloys that weigh 15 kilogrammes.
How many kilogrammes of each should be used?
Solution: 0.12x + 0.18 (15 - x) = 0.14 × 15
0.12x + 2.7 - 0.18x = 2.1
0.6x = 4.8
x = 8
So, use 12% alloys = 8 kilogrammes.
And use 18% alloys = 15 - 8 = 7 kilogrammes.
2) A chemist mixes a 40 percent acid solution and a 15 percent acid solution to make 40
grammes of a 25 percent acid solution. What ratio is this compound?
Solution: 0.4x + 0.15 (40 - x) = 0.25 × 40
0.4x + 6 - 0.15x = 10
0.25x = 4
x = 16
So, use 40% acid solution = 8 grammes.
And use 15% acid solution = 40 - 16 = 24 grammes.
3) Dilute the acid solution using 8 grammes of an acid solution and 12 grammes of pure water
to make 40 percent acid solution. What concentration is this acid solution before diluting?
Solution: x 40
100 × 8 + (0 × 12) = 100 × 20
8x
100 = 8
x = 8 ×8100
x = 100
So, the concentration of this acid solution is 100 percent.
4) 100 litres of 20 percent acid solution is a compound between the acid and pure water.
How much pure water must be removed to make a 50 percent acid solution?
Solution: 100(0.2) - x(0) = (100 - x)(0.5)
20 = 50 - 0.5x
x = 60
So, pure water must be removed 60 litres to make 50% acid solutions.

5) The first solution is compounded by 10% of iodine. The second solution is compounded by
18 percent of iodine. Mix both solutions for a new solution, its weight is 320 grammes and
the concentration of iodine is 15 percent. What ratio is this compound?
Solution: 0.1(x) + (0.18)(320 - x) = 320(0.15)
57.6 - 0.08x = 48
x = 120
So, the first solution is 120 grammes.
And the second solution is 320 - 120 = 200 grammes.

6.6 Money Problems

Example 10
Twice the money that Tom has is 45 baht more than 135 baht. How much money does
Tom have?
Let x be the amount of Tom’s money.
Solution
Twice the amount of money that Tom has is 45 baht more than 135 baht.
Therefore, 2x - 45 = 135
Add 45 to both sides,
Get 2x - 45 + 45 = 135 + 45
Or 2x = 180
Get 2x = 180
2 2
Or x = 90
Verify: Substitute x with 90 into the equation 2x - 45 = 135,
2 × 90 - 45 = 135 which is a true equation.
Therefore, 90 is the solution to the equation 2x - 45 = 135.
Tom has 90 baht.

Example 11
Twice the amount of money that Ratchanee has plus another 50 baht is 250 baht. How
much money does Ratchanee have?
Let x be the amount of Ratchanee’s money.
Solution
Twice the amount of money that Ratchanee has plus another 50 baht is 250 baht.
Get 2x + 50 - 50 = 250 - 50
Or 2x = 200
Get 2x = 180
2 2
Or x = 100
2 × 100 + 50 = 250 which is a true equation.
Ratchanee has 100 baht.
Example 12
Yutthapum has money in coins totaling 1,400 baht. He has some amount of five-baht coins,
and the number of one-baht coins is three times the number of five-baht coins. He also has four
times as many fifty-satang coins as he has one-baht coins. How many of each coin does he have?
Analyse the problem
Type of Coin Amount of Coin Amount of Money
Five-baht coin x 5x
One-baht coin 3x 3x
Fifty-satang coin 12x (12x)(0.50) = 6x
Therefore, 5x + 3x + 6x = 1,400.

Solution Suppose the number of five-baht coins is x coins.
The amount of money in five-baht coins is 5x baht.
The number of one-baht coins is three times of five baht coins.
Therefore, the number of one-baht coins is 3x coins.
The amount of money for one-baht coins is 3x baht.
The number of fifty-satang coins is four times of the one-baht coins.
Therefore, the number of fifty-satang coins is 4 × 3x = 12x coins.
The amount of money for fifty-satang coins is 12x × 0.50 = 6x baht.
The total money is 1,400 baht.
Therefore, 5x + 3x + 6x = 1,400
14x = 1,400
14x 1,400
14 = 14
x = 100
Therefore, Yutthapum has five-baht coins for 100 coins.
One-baht coins for 3 × 100 = 300 coins.
Fifty-satang coins for 12 × 100 = 1,200 coins.
EXERCISE 18
1. Solve the following problems by writing analysis idea and show the solution.
Problem Analysis Idea Solution
1. Four times the amount of 4 + 50 = 130 Suppose Krissana has money of x baht.
Four times the amount of money Krissana
money Krissana has summed has summed up with 50 baht is 130 baht.
up with 50 baht is 130 baht. 4x + 50 = 130
How much money does 4x + 50 - 50 = 130 - 50
4x = 80
Krissana have? x = 20
Therefore, Krissana has 20 baht.
2. The money of 240 baht is 240 = - 60 Suppose Mutita has money of x baht.
The money of 240 baht is equal to the
equal to the money of Mutita money of Mutita subtracted by 60 baht.
subtracted by 60 baht. 240 = x – 60
Add 60 to both sides,
How much money does 240 + 60 = x – 60 + 60
Mutita have? 300 = x
Therefore, Mutita has 300 baht.
3. The money of 300 baht is equal 300 = + 75 Suppose Ubekkha has money of x baht.
The money of 300 baht is equal to the money
to the money of Ubekkha, of Ubekkha, added to 75 baht.
added to 75 baht. 300 = x + 75
How much money does 300 - 75 = x + 75 - 75
Ubekkha have? 225 = x
Therefore, Ubekkha has 225 baht.

1) Witaya bought the stamps for 1,100 baht. He bought two types of stamps: a 3-baht stamp
and a 5-baht stamp. The number of 3-baht stamps are double that of 5-baht stamps.
How many of each stamp type does he have?
Solution: Given x is five-baht stamp
2x is three-baht stamp
5x + 3(2x) = 1,100
x = 100
So, he has three-baht stamp 2(100) = 200 units.
And five-baht stamp = 100 units.

2) A woman has 12,600 baht from collecting coins. She finds that the amount of twenty-five-
satang coins are double that of one-baht coins, and the amount of ten-baht coins are triple
that of one-baht coins. How many of each coin type does she have?
Solution: Given 2x is twenty-five-satang coin
x is one-baht coin
And 3x is ten-baht coin
(2x × 14 ) + x + (3x × 10) = 12,600

x
2 + x + 30x = 12,600
63 = 12,600 × 2
x
12,600
x = ×2 = 400
63
So, she has one-baht coin = 400 coins, twenty-five-satang coin 2(400) = 800 coins
and ten-baht coin 3(400) = 1,200 coins.
3) A woman has twenty-baht banknotes, fifty-baht banknotes and one-hundred-baht banknotes.

Her twenty-baht banknotes are 15 the amount of her fifty-baht banknotes, and her one-
hundred-baht banknotes are double that of fifty-baht banknotes. How many of each banknote
type does she have? Given that she has 25,400 baht.
Solution: Given x is fifty-baht banknotes
1 x is twenty-baht banknotes and 2x is one-hundred-baht banknotes
5
1 x(20) + 50x + 2x(100) = 25,400
5
20x 5 + 50x + 200x = 25,400

4x + 50x + 200x = 25,400
254x = 25,400
x = 100
So, She has twenty-baht banknote 15 (100) = 20 bills, fifty-baht banknote 100 bills
and one-hundred-baht banknote 2(100) = 200 bills.

4) A boy collects many coins, he has twenty-five-satang coin, one-baht coin, five-baht coin
and ten baht coin for donating to poor children. When he counts his coins, he finds that he
has twenty-five-satang coins which are double the number of the one-baht coins. He also
has five times more five baht coins than twenty-five-satang coins and he has three times as
many ten-baht coins as he does one-baht coins. He has 815 baht. How many of each coin
type does he have?
Solution: Given x is one-baht coin
2x is twenty-five-satang coin
5(2x)is five-baht coin and 3x is ten-baht coin
That will be 1 (2x) + x + 5(2x)(5) + (3x)(10) = 815
4
2x + x + 50x + 30x = 815
4
2x + x + 50x + 30x = 815
4
x
2 + x + 50x + 30x = 815
163x = 1,630
x = 10
So, one-baht coin = 10 units.
Twenty-five-satang coin = 2(10) = 20 units.
Five-baht coin = 5(2x10) = 100 units.
Ten-baht coin = 3(10) = 30 units.
5) A school manager manages the budget for the following clubs: Thai club, English club,
Mathematic club, and Science club. The money for Science club is double the money of
Mathematic club, Thai club’s support money is double Science club’s support money, and
English club’s support money is three-quarters of Mathematic club’s support money.
How much money does each club get? (Given: The total budget is 15,500 baht.)
Solution: Given x is the budget of Mathematics club
2x is the budget of Science club
2(2x) is the budget of Thai club
And 34 x is the budget of English club

That will be 2(2x) + x + 2x + 34 x = 15,500

16x + 4x + 8x +3x = 62,000
31x = 62,000
x = 2,000
So, the budget of Mathematics club is = 2,000 baht.
the budget of Science club is 2(2,000) = 4,000 baht.
the budget of Thai club is 2(2(2,000)) = 8,000 baht.
the budget of English club is 34 (2,000) = 1,500 baht.

6.7 Investment Problems

Example 13
A man has 100,000 baht. He deposits some of his money to the bank which gives him
2 percent interest. The rest of the money is used to buy stocks which gives him a return of 5
percent of the money. How much money is in each investment?
Given that: Finally, he gets 103,800 baht.
Bank deposits Money buys stocks All money in a

+ = year
x baht 100,000 - x
interest 2% interest 5% 103,800
Let him deposit x baht to the bank.
Solution
So, his stocks money is 100,000 - x baht.
From the bank, he gets 2 2x
100 × x = 100 baht interest.
And from his stock, he gets 100 5 (100,000 – x) = 5,000 - 5x baht interest.
100
Finally, he gets 103,800 baht in total.
The equation of the problem is
100,000 + 100 2x + 5,000 - 5x = 103,800
100
105,000 - 1003x = 103,800

3x
100 = 105,000 – 103,800
3x
100 = 1,200
x = 1,2003× 100
x = 40,000
So, he deposited 40,000 baht to the bank.
And bought stocks for 100,000 - 40,000 = 60,000 baht.
EXERCISE 19
1. Supritsra got 10,000 baht from her Total interest
father on her birthday. She deposited her x + 10,000 - x = from
one year
money to 2 banks. She got six percent 6% 7% 660
interest from the first bank and got seven 6 ) + (10,000 - x) 7 = 660
percent interest from the second bank. (x × 100 100
How much money did she deposit 6x + 70,000 - 7x = 66,000
in each bank? (Given: Total earned 70,000 - 66,000 = x
interest is 660 baht.) 4,000 = x
So, she deposited 4,000 baht to the first
bank and 10,000 - 4,000 = 6,000 baht
to the second bank.
2. We divided 120,000 baht into 2 parts. Total interest in

investment + stocks
The first part was taken to use in trading x 120,000 - x = one year
investments which earned us 9 percent Interest 9% Interest 8% 10,320

profit. The other part was taken to buy 9 ) + (120,000 - x) 8 = 10,320
(x × 100
stocks which made an 8 percent return. 100
9x + 960,000 - 8x = 1,032,000
Finally, we got 10,320 baht from both x = 1,032,000 - 960,000
investments. How much was each initial x = 72,000
investment? So, money in the investment was 72,000 baht.
And money in the stocks was 48,000 baht.

3. Pawadee takes 18,000 baht to deposit in first bank
x +
second bank
=
Total interest in
one year
18,000 - x
2 banks. The first bank gives 6 percent 6% 8% 1,240
interest and the second bank gives 8 6 ) + (18,000 - x) 8 = 1,240
(x × 100 100
percent interest. After one year, she’ll get 6x + 144,000 - 8x = 124,000
1,240 baht interest. How much money 2x = 144,000 - 124,000
did she deposit in each bank? 2x = 20,000
x = 10,000
So, the deposit in the first bank was
10,000 baht.
The deposit in the second bank was
18,000 - 10,000 = 8,000 baht.
4. A man invests 12,000 baht to deposit Saving money

+ Investment in
= Dividend and
x trade 12,000 - x profit
in the bank and for trading. 7% 3%
The investment profits are 7 percent from
7x 3
interest of the bank and 3 percent from 100 + (12,000 - x)100 = 680
trading. How much money does he invest 7x + 36,000 - 3x = 68,000
in each investment? Given that his profits 4x = 68,000 - 36,000
are 680 baht. 4x = 32,000
x = 8,000
So, saving money 8,000 baht and investment
in trade 12,000 - 8,000 = 4,000 baht.
5. A man has 80,000 baht. He invests The first investment

x + The second investment
80,000 - x = All dividends
in businesses. The first business profit 3.5 % 4.5 %
is 3.5% of the investment money, 3.5 ) + (80,000 - x) 4.5 = 3,280
(x × 100 100
and the second business profit is
3.5x + 360,000 - 4.5x = 328,000
4.5% of the investment money. How
x = 360,000 - 328,000
much money does he invest in each
x = 32,000
business? Given that all profits are 3,280 So, the first business was 32,000 baht.
baht. The second business was 48,000 baht.

1) Wuttichai invested in trading and got a profit of 8.5% and he brought 600 baht more than
the trading investment to invest with a friend which made him 7.5% returns. Dividends
received from both investments are 4,421 baht. How much did he invest in both investments?
Solution: x (
× 100 )
8.5 + (x + 600) 7.5 = 4,421
100
8.5x + 7.5x + 4,500 = 4,421
100 100 100
16x
100 = 4,421 - 45
16x
100 = 4,376
x = 4,37616× 100
x = 27,350
So, investment in trade 27,350 baht.
Investment with a friend 27,350 + 600 = 27,950 baht.

2) Piraya invested in businesses. He got a profit of 8 percent from the first business and he
used the rest of the money to invest in the second investment, but this investment is less
than the first investment by 1,500 baht. He got a profit 9 percent of the second investment.
The total of his profit is 3,800 baht. How much money did he spend on each investment?
Solution: Piraya invested money in the first business x baht and got the profit of 8%.
Piraya invested money in the second business is x - 1,500 baht and got the profit of 9%.
All dividends 3,800 baht.

That will be ( 8
)
x × 100 + (x - 1,500) 100 9 = 3,800
8x + 9x - 13,500 = 380,000
17x = 393,500
x ≈ 23,147
So, Piraya’s invested money in the first business 23,147 baht.
Piraya’s invested money in the second business 21,647 baht.


3) A group of investors invested in business. The first investor got a dividend of 8 percent of
her investment. The second investor got a dividend of 9 percent on his investment which was
more than the first investor’s investment by 1,500 baht. And the third investor got a dividend
of 10 percent on his investment, since his investment is less than triple of the second
investor’s investment by 500 baht. If the total of their investments is 196,500 baht, how much
was each investment?
Solution: Investor 1 invested money x - 1,500 baht.
Investor 2 invested money x baht.
Investor 3 invested money 3x - 500 baht.
8
That will be ((8 - 1,500)100) + (x × 100 9 ) + ((3x - 500) 10 ) = 196,500
100
100 47x = 196,670

x = 418,447
So, Investor 1 invested money 418,447 baht.
Investor 2 invested money 418,447 - 1,500 = 416,947 baht.
Investor 3 invested money 3(418,447) - 1,500 = 1,254,841 baht.
6.8 Labour Problems
Example 14
Dang took 2 hours to harvest rice in a field. Dum took 3 hours to harvest the same
amount of rice. How long is the harvesting time if both farmers harvest together?
Name Harvesting time (hour) Harvesting within 1 hour
Dang 2 1
2
Dum 3 1
3
Dang and Dum x 1
x
Let all rice from the harvesting be 1 part.
Solution
Dang took 2 hours to harvest the rice.
So, he can harvest this half of a part in 1 hour.
And Dum took 3 hours to harvest the rice.
So, he can harvest a third of a part in 1 hour.
When both farmers harvest rice together, it took x hours.
So, they can harvest 1x times of a part in 1 hour.

Then, the equation of this problem is 12 + 13 = 1x
So, multiply 6 to the equation,
Then 3x + 2x = 6
5x = 6
x = 65
x = 1 15
Therefore, both farmers can harvest rice in 1 hour and 12 minutes together.
EXERCISE 20
1. A pump can fill a pool in 8 hours and a Pump No. Time Volume of pool
water in 1 hour
second pump can fill the same pool in 1
1 8 8
10 hours. When will the pool be full if we 1
2 10 10
use 2 pumps? 1
1 and 2 x x
Problem equation is 18 + 10 1 =1
x
Multiply 40x to this equation,
Then 5x + 4x = 40
9x = 40
x = 40 9
x = 4 49 hours.
2. A pump takes 60 minutes to fill a well. Pump Volume of pool

No. Minute Water in 1 minute
A second pump takes 80 minutes to fill
1 60 1
the same well, and a third pump takes 60
1
2 80 80
90 minutes. How long would it take to 3 90 1
90
fill the well if all three pumps were used 1, 2 and 3 x 1
x
at the same time?
1 1 1 1
60 + 80 + 90 = x
Multiply 720x on both sides of the equation,
12x + 9x + 8x = 720
29x = 720
x = 24.83 minutes
Or 25 minutes.

3. A print factory can print 5,000 colour Print factory Time Volume print
(minute)
pages in 12 minutes, and a second No. in 1 minute
5,000
print factory can print these in 7 12 1 12 12
2 7 12 10,000
minutes. How long is the printing when 15
5,000
1 and 2 x x
2 factories help together?
50,000 + 10,000 = 5,000
12 15 x
25,000x + 40,000x = 300,000
65,000x ≈ 300,000
x ≈ 4.62 minutes.
4. A painter can paint a living room wall

Painter Time Paint in 1 hour
in 6 hours. His assistant can paint the 1
Painter Assistant 12 6
same wall in 8 hours. If the painter Painter 8 1
8
stops painting after 1 hour and his Continually
in 1 hour x 1 - 16
assistant paints the rest, then how long x
do they take to paint the room?
56 = 8x
Multiply 24 on both sides of the equation,
20 = 3x
x = 20 3
x = 6 23 hours.
5. Computer 1 takes 7 hours to process Computes No. Time Volume work 1 hour
some work. Computer 2 takes 8 hours 1
1 7 7
to process the same work. If we use 2 8 1
8
computer 1 for the first 2 hours and the First computer x
use computer 2 for the rest, how long
works 2 hours 1 - 27
Second computer x x
works the rest.
will it take to finish this work?
5 = x
7 8
Multiply 56 on both sides of the equation,
40 = 7x
x = 40 7
x = 5 57 hours.

1) Keetayut painted a fence in 30 minutes. If Keetayut and Vitichai paint the fence together,
it will take 18 minutes. How long would Vitichai work alone to paint the fence?
1
Solution: Keetayut painted the fence in 30 minutes. In 1 minute painted 30
Keetayut and Vitichai painted the fence in 18 minutes. In 1 minute painted 1
18
If Vitichai painted the fence will take x minutes. In 1 minute painted 1x
That will be 1 + 1 = 1
30 x 18
18 - 30 = 1x 1 1

x = 45
So, Vitichai would paint in 45 minutes.

2) Vichurawan can print a book in 6 hours. Puntip can print a book in 8 hours. If Vichurawan
prints for 1 hour and stops working and Puntip continues to print this book, how long will
Puntip take?
Solution: Vichurawan can print a book in 6 hours. In 1 hour print 16
Puntip can print a book in 8 hours. In 1 hour print 18
If Vichurawan prints 1 hour and stops working and Puntip continues to print
the book which will complete in x hours remaining with the print 1 - 16 = 56
So, will print more x
8
and need 5 = x time to print
6 8
40 6 = x
x = 6 23
So, Puntip can print in 6 23 hours or 6 hours 40 minutes.
3) Machine 1 takes 25 minutes to complete some work. Machine 2 completes the same work
in 30 minutes. If the two machines are working together, how long will it take to finish?
Solution: First machine is working 25 minutes. In 1 hour working 25 1

Second machine is working 30 minutes. In 1 hour working 30 1

If two machines are working together x minutes. In 1 hour working 1x
That will be 25 1 + 1 = 1
30 x
6x + 5x = 150
11x = 50
x ≈ 13.64 ≈ 13.38 minutes
So, two machines work within 13 minutes 38 seconds.
4) A first pump can fill a tank in 50 minutes. A second pump can fill the same tank in 60 minutes,
and the third pump can fill the tank in 75 minutes. If the three pumps work together, how long
do these pumps take to fill the tank?
1
Solution: First water pump is pumping full tank in 50 minutes. In 1 minute is pumping 50
Second water pump is pumping full tank in 60 minutes. In 1 minute is pumping 60 1

Third water pump is pumping full tank in 75 minutes. In 1 minute is pumping 75 1

If the three water pumps are pumping together within x minutes pumping 1 minute is 1x
That will be 1 1 1 1
50 + 60 + 75 = x
Multiply 300x on both sides of the equation
6x + 5x + 4x = 300
15x = 300
x = 20
So, if the three pumps are pumping together, they will fill the tank in 20 minutes.
5) A gardener cuts the grass within 5 hours. If the gardener has an assistant help to cut
the grass, then it only takes 4 hours. If the assistant gardener works alone in this area, how
long will it take to finish cutting the grass?
Solution: A gardener cutting the grass within 5 hours. In 1 hour cutting grass 15
A gardener assistant cutting the grass within x hour. In 1 hour cutting grass 1x
That will be 1 + 1 = 1
5 x 4
1 = 1 - 1
x 4 5
5x - 4x = 20
x = 20
So, the gardener assistant cuts the grass in 20 hours.


6.9 Proportion Problems
Example 15
A 60-foot telegraph pole has a shadow which is 80 feet long. If a tree’s shadow is 120
feet long, how high is the tree?
Analyse the problem
60 feet x feet
80 feet 120 feet
From knowledge about similar triangles when a, b, c, d are the lengths of the triangle sides
of similar triangle, then ba = dc
a c
b d
A 60-foot telegraph pole has its own shadow of 80 feet, if the tree height is x and its
Solution
own shadow is 120 feet.
60 = x
80 120
60 ×80120 = x
x = 90
So, the height of the tree is 90 feet.

EXERCISE 21
1) 18 liters of oil cost 288 baht, how much does 90 litres of oil cost?
Solution: 18 liters of oil costs 288 baht
90 liters of oil costs x baht
That will be 288 x
18 = 90
28818× 90 = x
1,440 = x
So, 90 liters of oil costs = 1,440 baht.

18 litres 90 litres

price 288 baht price x baht

2) A dozen of pencils costs 60 baht and each pencil is the same price. How much do 100
pencils cost?
Solution: Suppose pencil 1 unit cost x baht
Pencil 12 unit cost 60 baht
That will be x 60
1 = 12 100 pieces
x = 6012× 1 12 pieces
So, pencil 1 unit costs 5 baht.

If pencil 100 units cost y,
That will be 5 = y
1 100
So, pencils of 100 units cost 500 baht.

3) 5 kilogrammes of rambutan cost 100 baht, how much will 60 kilogrammes of rambutan cost?
Solution: Rambutan 5 kilogrammes cost 100 baht
Rambutan 60 kilogrammes cost x baht
That will be 100 = x
5 60
100 × 60 = x
5
1,200 = x
So, 60 kilogrammes rambutan cost 1,200 baht.
60 kilogrammes
5 kilogrammes


4) A man is 6-feet tall with a shadow 4-feet long. The shadow of a flagpole is 20-feet long, how
high is the flagpole?
Solution: A man is 6-feet tall with a shadow long 4 feet
Flagpole has a shadow long 20 feet
Suppose flagpole high x feet
That will be 6 = x
4 20
6 ×
4 = x 20

30 = x
So, the height of the flagpole is 30 feet.

5) A woman has 220,000 baht. She wants to give this money to her child and grandchild in a
ratio of 8:3. How much money will her child and grandchild get?
Solution: A woman has 220,000 baht
She wants to give her child and grandchild this money in a ratio of 8 : 3 = 11 parts
So, all 11 parts is 220,000 baht
That will be 220,000 = x
11 8
x = 220,000 11 × 8

x = 160,000 baht
So, the child gets 160,000 baht and the grandchild gets
220,000 - 160,000 = 60,000 baht.


Summary and Review
1) A mathematical sentence can have or not have variable.
2) Any number that substitutes a variable in an equation and makes a true equation is
called the solution of an equation .
3) When there are two equal numbers, adding another number to each of those equal
numbers will create an equal sum .
This property is called the equality property of addition .
4) When there are two equal numbers, subtracting another number from each of those
numbers and the difference will create an equal difference . This property is
called the equality property of subtraction .
5) When there are two equal numbers, multiplying each of those numbers by another
number and the product will create an equal product . This property is called
the equality property of multiplication .
6) When there are two equal numbers, dividing each of those numbers by another
non-zero number and the quotient will create an equal quotient .
This property is called the equality property of division .
2. A number multiplied by 5 and subtracted by 12 equals 48. Find that number. 12
3. 5 is less than some number by 8, find that number. 13
4. Five times a number is 3 more than 75, find that number. 1535
5. Sunisa’s age is 23 of Panida’s age. If Sunisa is 40 years old, how old is Panida?
60 years old
6. 360 baht equals Preeda’s money minus 80 baht. How much money does Preeda have?
440 baht
7. The length of a rectangle is 3 times its width. If the length is 21 centimeters, what is the
width in centimetres? 7 centimetres
8. Originally, a teacher has some amount of books. After distributing them to 10 students
equally, it is not enough. So the teacher bought another 15 books and gave them so that
each student got 8 books. Find the original number of books. 65 books
36 - 40 Very good
30 - 35 Good
UNIT TEST 24 - 29
less than 24
Fair
Should be improved
I’ve got .......................….… marks.
PART 1
Darken the circle in front of the correct answers. (1 mark each)
1. Which of the following is an equation?
1 6 < 10 2 4x - 9 = 11
3 10 > 4 + 2a 4 22.20 ≠ 2 + 0.42y
2. Which of the following shows a true equation?
1 (8 × 3) - 9 = 16 2 18 + (4 × 7) = 36
3 46 - (3 × 13) = 7 4 (9 × 9) - 47 = 33
3. Which of the following equations has its solution in parenthesis?
1 19 - x = 11 (7) 2 x + 18 = 45 (17)
3 26 x =8 (3) 4 12x = 132 (11)
4. From the equation 3x + 8 = 23, which of the following is the correct way to solve this equation?
1 Step 1, subtract 8 from both sides, step 2, divide both sides by 3.
2 Step 1, divide both sides by 3, step 2, subtract 8 from both sides.
3 Step 1, subtract 8 from both sides, step 2, multiply both sides by 3.
4 Step 1, multiply both sides by 3, step 2, subtract 8 from both sides.
5. From the equation 4x + 3 = 15, what is the solution to the equation?
1 36 2 48
3 41 4 46
6. From the equation 2x - 5 = 9, what is the solution to the equation?
3
1 32 2 27
3 18 4 16
7. From the equation 9(y - 3) = 72, what is the solution to the equation?
1 8 2 11
3 69 4 75
8. From the equation 12(z + 10) = 156, what is the solution to the equation?
1 3 2 10
3 12 4 13

9. A number is greater than 19 by 12. How is this written as a mathematical sentence?
1 x = 19 - 12 2 x > 19 - 12
3 x - 19 = 12 4 x > 19 + 12
10. The statement “Half of a number added to 8 equals 24”, how is this written as a mathematical
sentence?
1 2x + 8 = 24 2 2x + 24 = 8
3 2x = 24 + 8 4 2x - 24 = 8
11. The sum of two numbers is 96. One of them is 15 times that of the other number.
Find the two numbers.
1 8, 88 2 6, 90
3 4, 92 4 2, 94
12. The sum of Velawat’s and his brother’s ages is 42 years old. Eight years ago, Velawat was
older than his brother by 2 years. How old is Velawat and his brother now?
1 22 and 20 years old 2 24 and 18 years old
13. Two angles are the assembly of a right angle. If one angle is larger than double of the
other angle by 30 degrees, find the size of these angles.
1 20 ํ, 160 ํ 2 30 ํ, 150 ํ
3 40 ํ, 140 ํ 4 50 ํ, 130 ํ
14. Two boys ride bicycles and start at the same time and same place. The speed
of the first boy is 12 kilometres per hour, and the speed of another boy is 8 kilometres
per hour. They drive in opposite directions. How long until they will be 24 kilometres
from each other?
1 1 hour 5 minutes 2 1 hour 8 minutes
3 1 hour 12 minutes 4 1 hour 15 minutes
15. 4% saline mixes with 8% saline. How much of these two solutions mix for 5% saline with
a weight of 400 grammes?
1 300 and 100 grammes 2 300 and 100 grammes
16. Dara collects 50, 100, and 1,000 baht notes yearly. At the end of the year, he found
out he has 3 times more 100 baht notes than 50 baht notes, and has twice as many 100
baht notes than 1,000 baht notes. The amount of money he collected is 120,000 baht, how
many bills of 50, 100, 1,000 baht note does he have?
1 480, 160, 80 bills 2 600, 240, 60 bills
3 600, 220, 80 bills 4 600, 200, 100 bills
17. Prawpan has 60,000 baht, so he invested in store A and got 8% from the dividend.
He also invested in store B and got 10% from the dividend. Find how much he invested in
these two stores if he got 5,700 baht from all dividends.
1 15,000 and 45,000 baht 2 18,000 and 42,000 baht
3 20,000 and 40,000 baht 4 25,000 and 35,000 baht
18. Tinnakorn finished weeding the field in 6 days. Pronkamon finished weeding the field with
the same area as Tinnakorn in 8 days. Find how many days does it take them both to weed
a field together.
1 3 days and 8 hours 2 3 days and 10 hours
3 3 days and 14 hours 4 3 days and 18 hours
19. One school has dramatic performances to help poor children by selling tickets at a cost
of 200 baht for adults and 100 baht for chlidren. If the school has 1,000 visitors and
receives 120,000 baht, how many tickets were sold for adults and children?
1 300 and 700 bills 2 250 and 750 bills
3 200 and 800 bills 4 180 and 800 bills
20. A 3-metre pole makes a 5-metre shadow. At the same time, a building makes a 15-metre
shadow. How high is the building?
1 6 metres 2 8 metres
3 9 metres 4 12 metres
PART 2
Fill in the blanks with the correct answers. (1 mark each)
1. Five times a number added to 13 equals 73. What is that number?
Answer 12
2. Eight times a number is greater than 83 by 5. What is that number?
Answer 11
3. Eight times a number is greater than 16 by 168. What is that number?
Answer 23
4. A father’s age is three times the child’s age. If the father is 36 years old, how old is the child?
Answer 12 years old
5. In the next 17 years, a father will be twice as old as the child. Now the child is 13 the
father’s age. How old is the father now?
Answer 51 years old

6. Five times the amount of money Sirivibul has added to 70 baht is 220 baht.
How much money does Sirivibul have at first?
Answer 30 baht
7. Suntreeya has 35 the amount of money Yajai has. If Suntreeya has 300 baht, how much
money does Yajai have?
Answer 500 baht
8. Sahachart measures a room to be 10-metres long. He knows that the room has an area
of 40 square metres. What is the width of this room?
Answer 4 metres
PART 3
From the following problems, show the solution. (1 mark each)
1. Nirand likes to eat dessert so he made it himself. He shares it with his neighbour; 25 of all
the pieces he made. If the neighbour got 40 pieces, how many pieces did Nirand make?
Solution Suppose Nirand made for x pieces.
Nirand shared 25 of the pieces he made.

If the neighbour got 40 pieces,
2 x = 40
5

x = 40 × 52
x = 100
So, Nirand made 100 pieces.

2. Komkrich and Nimit are siblings. Komkrich cleaned the house by spending 12 of the time
Nimit spent cooking. If Komkrich spent 30 minutes cleaning, how long did Nimit spend
cooking?
Solution Suppose Nimit spent time for cooking for x minutes.
Komkrich spent time for cleaning 1 of the time Nimit cooked.
2
If Komkrich spent 30 minutes,
1 x = 30
2
x = 60
So, Nimit spent 60 minutes cooking.

3. The sum of two numbers is 65. One number is 12 times that of the other. Find the two numbers.
Solution The first number is x
The second number is 12x
Sum of two numbers is 65
That will be x + 12x = 65
13x = 65
x = 5
So, the first number is 5
and the second number is 12(5) = 60.
4. Pinthip is older than her brother by 5 years now. 5 years ago, Pinthip was older than her
brother by 2 times. How old are Pinthip and her brother now?
Solution Now, Pinthip’s age is x year old
Now, brother’s age is x - 5 years old
That will be x - 5 = 2(x - 5 - 5)
x - 5 = 2x - 20
x = 15
So, now Pinthip’s age is 15 years old
and her brother’s age is 15 - 5 = 10 years old.

5. The length of a rectangular table is 11 inches. The length is shorter than 2 times the width
and the perimeter of this table is 86.4 inches. Find the length and the width of this table.
(1 inch is 2.5 centimetres)
Solution The table length is 11 inches or 27.5 centimetres
The perimeter of table is 86.4 centimetres
Suppose that the width of the table is x centimetre
That will be 86.4 = 27.5 + 27.5 + x + x
86.4 = 55 + 2x
2x = 86.4 - 55
x = 15.7
So , the width of the table is 15.7 centimetres
and the length of the table is 27.5 centimetres.
6. Two cars start their journey at the same time and same place, but they drive out to opposite
directions of each other. The speed of the first car is 45 kilometres per hour and the speed
of the other car is 40 kilometres per hour. How long until the two cars are 255 kilometres
from each other?
Solution The first car runs 45 kilometres/hour
The second car runs 40 kilometres/hour
Suppose taking time to run x hour
85x = 255
x = 3
So, both cars take 3 hours.

7. A solution contains 10% of iodine, a second solution contains 18% of iodine. Then mix the 2
solutions to be a third solution that contains 15% of iodine and weighs 320 grammes.
Find the weight of the first solution and the second solution.
0.1 (x) + 0.18 (320 - x) = 0.15(320)
Solution
0.1x + 57.6 - 0.18x = 48
x = 120
So, the first solution weighs 120 grammes.
The second solution weighs 320 - 120 = 200 grammes.


UNIT 1 VOCABULARY
Base angles Symmetric
มุมที่ฐาน สมบัติสมมาตร
Consecutive The equality property of addition

จำ�นวนถัดไป คุณสมบัติการเท่ากันของการบวก
Equations The equality property of division

สมการ คุณสมบัติการเท่ากันของการหาร
Geometry The equality property of

เรขาคณิต multiplication
คุณสมบัติการเท่ากันของการคูณ
Isosceles triangle
รูปสามเหลี่ยมหน้าจั่ว The equality property of
subtraction
One variable equation คุณสมบัติการเท่ากันของการลบ
สมการเชิงเส้นตัวแปรเดียว
Triangle
Perimeter รูปสามเหลี่ยม
ความยาวรอบรูป เส้นรอบรูป ความยาวโดยรอบรูป
(ความยาวรอบรูปวงกลมซึ่งเท่ากับความยาวของเส้น Validity
รอบวง เป็นต้น) ความสมเหตุสมผล
Rectangle Variables
รูปสี่เหลี่ยมผืนผ้า ตัวแปร (สัญลักษณ์ที่ใช้แทนค่า ตัวเลข)

02
UNIT
RATIOS, PROPORTIONS
AND PERCENTAGES
Learning Contents
Proportions Application of Ratios,

Proportions and Percentages
Ratios Writing Percentages and Ratios
RATIOS,
Ratios PROPORTIONS AND Percentages
PERCENTAGES
Rates and Ratios Percent Calculation
Finding Equivalent Ratios Equivalent Ratios Checking Ratios by

Using Multiplication Reducing to Lowest Terms
Finding Equivalent Checking Ratios Using

Ratios Using Division Cross Multiplication
1 Ratios
In daily life, data and statistics can be found in many sources such as newspapers, news, etc.
This information is shown in many ways; either as a single quantity or as a comparison between two
or more things.
Cake ingredients consist of flour and sugar 5-grammes of toothpaste has 0.5 milligrammes
using 8 portions of flour and 3 portions of sugar. of fluoride.
Suanbua School has 1 teacher per 40 students.
A comparison of the number of teachers to students of Suanbua School
Unit 2 RATIOS, PROPORTIONS AND PERCENTAGES 75

Consider the comparison between the following quantities:
8 mangosteens 15 oranges
When comparing the number of mangosteens to oranges, we get 8 and 15. The relationship
between two numbers is called a “ratio”. The ratio of mangosteens to oranges is 8 to 15, is written
as 8 : 15.
The ratio of oranges to mangosteens is 15 to 8, is written as 15 : 8.
The ingredients of a cake have a ratio of 8 portions of flour to 3 portions of sugar, is written as 8 : 3.
5 grammes of toothpaste to half a milligramme of fluoride is written as 5 : 0.5.
A school which has the ratio of 1 teacher to 40 students is written as 1 : 40.
A ratio states that if the first quantity is a and the second quantity is b, then the ratio is written as:
a : b or ba is read as a to b.
Example: The ratio 5 : 6 or 5 is read as five to six.

6
When writing a ratio, the placement of the first quantity and the second quantity of the ratio is
important. If the two values are switched, the value of the ratio will change.
Example: 5 : 1 is not the same as 1 : 5.
1.1 Ratios Writing

Ratios can be written in 2 ways:
1. Two quantities with the same units of measurement
In the case of comparing two quantities with the same units of measurement, the ratio does not
have the units of measure written, for example,
“The width of a rectangle is 3 metres and the length is 5 metres.”
The ratio is written as length to width equals 5 : 3
or width to length equals 3 : 5

2. Two quantities with different units of measurement
In the case of comparing two quantities with different units of measurement, the ratio has to
show the units of measurement, for example,
“5 students use one table.”
“3 spoons of sugar for 7 glasses of water”
Ratio is written as a spoons of sugar to glasses of water equals 3 : 7
“1 table has 4 chairs around it.”
Tables + chairs are not the same units of measurement.
The ratio is written as the numbers of table to the number of chairs equals 1 : 4
or the numbers of chair to the number of tables equals 4 : 1
1.2 Rates and Ratios

A rate is two measurements that are related to each other, for example,
Sugar is 13 baht per kilogramme.
3 bananas are priced at 8 baht.
Car speed is 60 kilometres per hour.
Interest rate is 3 baht.
Tickets are priced at 5 baht per person.
Car parking is priced at 30 baht per hour.
Rates can be written as a ratio as:
“Sugar is priced at 13 baht per kilogramme.”
Ratio is written as a kilogramme of sugar to baht equals 1 : 13
“Deposit interest rate is 3 baht.”
Ratio is written as a 100 baht deposit to interest equals 100 : 3
“Bus tickets are priced at 5 baht each.”
Ratio is written as a bus ticket to cost in baht equals 1 : 5

EXERCISE 1
Figure Ratio Ratio as a Proportion
1) The number of triangles to The number of triangles to
squares equals 2 : 3. squares equals 2 .
3
2) The number of oranges The number of oranges
4
to mangoes equals 4 : 1. to mangoes equals 1 .
3) The number of pens to The number of pens to

books equals 5 : 3. books equals 53 .
4) The number of eggs to baht The number of eggs to

5 .
baht equals 12
equals 5 : 12.
5) The number of female The number of female

students to male students students to male students
equals 3 : 8. equals 38 .
6) The number of televisions to The number of televisions to

1 .
the price equals 12,000
12,000 baht the price equals 1 : 12,000.
2. A glass of milk has 12 grammes of carbohydrates, 8 grammes of protein, and 10

grammes of fat. It gives 170 calories of energy. Write ratios to describe the relationships
between the quantities.
1) Carbohydrates to protein 12 : 8
2) Protein to fat 8 : 10
3) Carbohydrates to fat 12 : 10
4) Protein to energy 8 : 170
5) Fat to energy 10 : 170

2 Equivalent Ratios
1 pencil is priced at 5 baht can be written as a ratio as:
1 pencil : baht 1 : 5 or 15
2 pencils are priced at 10 baht can be written as a ratio as:
2
2 pencils : baht 2 : 10 or 10
It shows that the ratio of 15 is equal to 15 ×× 22 = 102.
Therefore, the ratio of 1 : 5 is equal to the ratio of 2 : 10,
1 : 5 and 2 : 10 are equivalent ratios.
2.1 Finding Equivalent Ratios Using Multiplication
2 rubbers are priced at 3 baht. The ratio is 2 : 3 or 23 .
23 = 23 ×× 22
= 46
The ratio 2 : 3 is equal to the ratio 4 : 6
23 = 23 ×× 33
= 69
23 = 23 ×× 44
= 128
Therefore, the ratios 23 = 46 = 69 = 12 8 are equivalent ratios.
If we multiply each term of a ratio by the same number, the new ratio is equal to the original.
2.2 Finding Equivalent Ratios Using Division

24 oranges are priced at 60 baht. The ratio is 24 : 60 or 24
60 .
24 = 24 ÷ 2
60 60 ÷ 2
= 3012
The ratio 24 : 60 is equal to the ratio 12 : 30.

24 = 24 ÷ 3
60 60 ÷ 3
8
= 20
24 = 24 ÷ 12
60 60 ÷ 12
= 25
Therefore, the ratios 24 12 8 2
60 = 30 = 20 = 5 are equivalent ratios.
If we divide each term of the ratio by the same number, the new ratio is equal to the original.
2.3 Checking Ratios Using Cross Multiplication

The ratio 2 : 6 and the ratio 1 : 3
We can check if the ratios 26 and 13 are equal by using cross multiplication:
26 13
From 2 × 3 = 6
6 × 1= 6
The result of cross multiplication is equal to 6. It shows that the two ratios are equivalent.
It means that if the ratios ba = dc , then ad = bc, when b and d are non-zero numbers.
Also, if the ratios ba ≠ dc , then ad ≠ bc, when b and d are non-zero numbers.
2.4 Checking Ratios by Reducing to Lowest Terms

We can check if the ratios 10 : 25 and 8 : 20 are equal by reducing them to their lowest
terms:
10 : 25 = 10 10 ÷ 5
25 = 25 ÷ 5 = 5 .
2
8 : 20 = 20 8 = 208÷4 = 2.
÷4 5
It shows that the ratios 10 8
25 and 20 are equal 5 .
2
So, the ratio 10 : 25 is equivalent to 8 : 20.

Example
Are the following ratios equivalent?
1. 10 : 24 and 20 : 32 2. 3.6 : 6 and 7.2 : 12
Solution 1. 10 : 24 = 1024 = 12
5
20 : 32 = 2032 = 8
5
It shows that 10 : 24 = 12 5
20 : 32 = 58
The ratio 10 : 24 is not equivalent to 20 : 32
2. 3.6 : 6 = 3.6 6
7.2 : 12 = 127.2
Using cross multiplication
3.6 7.2
6 12
3.6 × 12 = 43.2
7.2 × 6 = 43.2
The solutions of cross multiplication have the same values that are equal to 43.2.
The ratio 3.6 : 6 is equivalent to 7.2 : 12
EXERCISE 2
1. Write two ratios that are equivalent to the given ratios.
(Example answers)
8 , 24 4 , 12
1) 45 10 30 2) 29 18 54
32 , 160 3 , 18
16
3) 37 74 370 9
4) 21 7 42
3 , 10 4 , 24
5) 31 9 30 6) 12 5 30
15
3 , 9 2a , 10a
27
7) 54 6 18 8) ba 2b 10b

2. Check if the given ratios are equivalent or not.
Ratio Cross Multiplication Result
1) 1 and 36 1 × 6 = 2 × 3 Equivalent
2
2) 3 and 27 3 × 7 ≠ 2 × 5 Not equivalent
5
3) 6 and 97 6×7≠9×8 Not equivalent
8
4) 22 and 33 22 × 21 = 33 × 14 Equivalent
14 21
5) 25 and 15 25 × 12 = 20 × 15 Equivalent
20 12
6) 18 and 10 18 × 9 ≠ 10 × 17 Not equivalent
17 9
7) 0.2 8
and 10 0.2 × 10 = 8 × 0.25 Equivalent
0.25
3 Proportions
The ratio of mangoes to baht is 2 : 13.
The ratio of mangoes to baht is 100 : 650.
Are the ratios 13 2 and 100 equivalent?
650
2 100
13 650
It indicates that the results of cross multiplication, 2 × 650 and 13 × 100 are equal to 1,300.
This means that the ratios 13 2 and 100 are equivalent.
650
The equivalent ratios can be written as:
2 = 100
13 650
When two ratios are equal, it is called a proportion.
The proportion of 13 2 = 100 says that 2 over 13 equals 100 over 650
650
Example 1
Solve the proportion 34 m
51 = 39 to find the value of m.
Solution 34 = m
51 39
We see that 34 × 39 = m × 51
34 × 39 = m
51
26 = m
Therefore, m equals 26.
When finding a variable in a proportion, use the following steps:
1. Use a variable to show an unknown quantity.
2. Write the two ratios for the comparison.
3. Write the proportion to keep each term the same order.
4. Solve the problem.
Example 2
100 lemons cost 55 baht. How many lemons can a customer buy for 220 baht?
Solution The customer wants x lemons.
100 lemons are priced at 55 baht.
x lemons are priced at 220 baht.
It can be written as a proportion as:
Quantity of lemon 100 x
Price of lemons 55 = 220
100 55
× 220 = x
400 = x
Therefore, the customer can buy 400 lemons for 220 baht.
Example 3
There is 6,500 cubic metres of water in a tank. If we want to divide the water into two
tanks, with a proportion of 7 : 3, how many cubic metres of water will each tank have?
Solution The first tank has x cubic metres.
Therefore, the second tank has 6,500 - x cubic metres.
Volume of water in the first tank x = 7
Volume of water in the second tank 6,500 - x 3
x × 3 = 7 × (6,500 - x)
3x = 45,500 - 7x
3x + 7x = 45,500
10x 45,500
10 = 10
x = 4,550 cubic metres.
Therefore, the first tank has 4,550 cubic metres of water and the second tank has
6,500 - 4,550 = 1,950 cubic metres of water.

Example 4
A school has 3 times as many male students as female students. Find the number of
male and female students if there are 180 more male students than female students.
Solution There are 3 times the number of male students as female students.
The number of male students to female students is 3 : 1
There are 180 more male students than female students.
So, if the number of female student is x students
then, the number of male students is x + 180 students
Number of male students 3 x + 180
Number of female students 1 = x
3 × x = 1 × (x + 180)
3x = x + 180
3x - x = 180
2x = 180
x = 180 2
x = 90
Therefore, there are 90 female students, and 90 + 180 = 270 male students.
EXERCISE 3
1. Write the equivatlent ratios as proportions.
1) 12 to 15 equals 4 to 5 12
15 = 5
4
20 10
2) 20 to 100 equals 10 to 50 100 = 50
mn = 67
3) m to n equals 6 to 7
90x = 18
4) x to 90 equals 18 to 180 180
ba = dc
5) a to b equals c to d

2. Find the value of variables of the following proportions.
x
1) 12 = 74 x = 21
2) 51
72 = 17
x
x = 24
3) 38 m
= 4 m = 1.5
4) 5x
7
6
= 14 x = 0.6
8
5) 17 48
= 3m m = 34
3. A motorboat runs for 23 kilometres in 1 hour. How many kilometres can the
motorboat run for 2 hours and 30 minutes?
Solution: 23 kilometres per 60 minutes
x kilometres per 150 minutes
So, 23 to 60 equals x to 150.
The motorboat can run 23 x
60 = 150
x = 23 ×60150 = 57.5
Therefore, the motorboat can run 57.5 kilometres.
4. The ratio of nurse to patient is 5 : 37. How many nurses are needed to take care
of 629 patients?
Solution: 5 nurses to 37 patients
x nurses to 629 patients
5 = x
The proportion of nurses to patients equals 37
629
5 × 629 = x
37
x = 85 nurses
Therefore, the hospital needs 85 nurses to take care of 629 patients.
5. Notebooks are priced at 45 baht per dozen. 3 notebooks are sold for 15 baht. If a
student paid 670 baht, how many notebooks the student bought?
Solution: 3 notebooks for 15 baht 3 : 15
x notebooks for 670 baht x : 670
The student bought 3 = x
15 670
x = 3 ×15670
x = 134 notebooks
Therefore, the student bought 134 notebooks.

6. A school has 3,300 students in total. The ratio of female to male students is 4 : 7. How many
female and male students does the school have?
Solution: 3,300 students can be separated into 11 groups of 300 students.
300 = 1
The proportion is 3,300 11
The proportion of male students is 117

The proportion of female students is 114
The number of males students equals x students.

The number of females students equals y students.
The proportion of male student is 7 x
= 3,300
11
x = 7 × 113,300
x = 2,100 students
4 = y
The proportion of female student is 11 3,300
y = 4 × 11
3,300
y = 1,200 students
Therefore, there are 1,200 female students and 2,100 male students.
4 Percentages
The ratio of female students to the total number of students is equal to 15 : 100.
We can say that the female students make up 15 percent of all the students,
or 15 percent of the students are female.
If we compare the two quantities using a ratio, and the latter quantity is 100, we call this
comparison a percent:
The ratio 15 : 100 is called 15 percent, is written as 15%.
The ratio 75 : 100 is called 75 percent, is written as 75%.
Percentages and Ratios
1. Writing a ratio as a percent
When writing a ratio as a percent, the latter quantity of the ratio has to change to 100.
Method 1: 35 : change 5 to 100 by multiplying the ratio by 20.
3 = 3 × 20
5 5 × 20
3 = 60
5 100
Therefore, 35 is 60 percent.
Method 2: 3 : change 5 to 100 by multiplying the ratio by 100
5 5
3 × 100
3 = 5
5 5× 5100
3 3 × 100
5
5 = 100
35 = 100
60
Method 3: Change a proportion to a percent by finding an equivalent ratio.
3 = x
5 100
3 × 100 = x × 5
300 = 5x
300 = x
5
60 = x
35 = 100
60
2. Writing a percent as a ratio

16% = 10016
= 4
25
Therefore, 16% can be written as a ratio as: 4 : 25
35% = 10035
= 207
Therefore, 35% can be changed to a ratio of 7 : 20

EXERCISE 4
1. Write the following proportions as percents.
Proportion Percent (%)
3 × 100
1) 37 7 = 42.85%
7× 7100
9
2) 20 9×5 = 45%
20 × 5
15 ÷ 3 = 5%
15
3) 300 300 ÷ 3
3 × 25 = 75%
4) 34 4 × 25
5 × 100
9
100 ≈ 55.56%
5) 59 9× 9
18 ÷ 2
18
6) 200 200 ÷ 2 = 9%
64 × 100
80 = 80%
100
80 × 80
7) 64
80
8 × 100
3
100 ≈ 266.67%
8) 83 3× 3
18 ÷ 4.5
18
9) 450 450 ÷ 4.5 = 4%
295 295 ÷ 10
10) 1,000 1,000 ÷ 10 = 29.5%

2. Write the following percents as proportions.
Percent (%) Proportion
1) 15% 15 or 3 : 20
7 100
2) 7% 100 or 7 : 100
60
3) 60% 100 or 3 : 5
130 or 13 : 10
4) 130% 100
420 or 21 : 5
5) 420% 100
350 or 7
6) 350% 100 2
1
7) 1% 100 or 1 : 100, 0.5 : 50, 0.25 : 25
5.5
8) 5.5% 100 or 1.1 : 20, 0.22 : 4, 0.055 : 1
12.5 or 0.25 : 2, 0.125 : 1
9) 12.5% 100
0.68 or 0.0136 : 2, 0.0068 : 1
10) 0.68% 100
4.2 Percent Calculation

We can also use percentages in multiplication. Finding a part of a total is to find a “percentage”
of that number.
What is 5% of 200?
What percent is 9 of 45?
25% of what number is 4?
We can use the equation to solve percentage problems:
Example: What is 5% of 200?
1. State a variable to represent the unknown value in the problem.
5% of 200 equals x.
2. Write the problem as an equation.
5% of 200 = x
5
100 × 200 = x
3. Solve the equation.
5
100 × 200 = x
5 × 20 = x
x = 10
Therefore, 5% of 200 is equal to 10.
Example 1
What is 18% of 80?
Solution Given 18% of 80 = x
18 × 80 = x
100
18100× 80 = x
14.4 = x
Therefore, 18% of 80 is equal to 14.4
Example 2
What percent is 29 of 174? (Round to 2 decimal digits)
Solution Given 29 is x% of 174
29 = 100 x × 174
29 = x ×100 174
29 × 100 = x
174
x = 29 174
× 100
x = 16.67
Therefore, 29 is 16.67% of 174
Example 3
15% of what number is 135?
Solution Given 135 is 15% of x
15 × x
135 = 100
135 15
× 100 = x
x = 135 15
× 100
x = 900
Therefore, 135 is 15% of 900

EXERCISE 5
1. Solve each problem.
1) What is 25% of 375? 2) What is 150% of 90?
Solution: Given 25% of 375 = x Solution: Given 150% of 90 = m
10025 × 375 = x 150 × 90 = m
100
25 100
× 375 = x 150100
× 90 = m
x = 93.75 m = 135
Therefore, 25% of 375 is equal to 93.75. Therefore, 150% of 90 is equal to 135.
3) What percent is 134 of 670? 4) What percent is 40 of 160?
Solution: Given 134 is x% of 670 Solution: Given 40 is m% of 160
x × 670
134 = 100 40 = 100m × 160
x = 134670 × 100 m = 40 160× 100
x = 20 m = 25
Therefore, 134 is 20% of 670. Therefore, 40 is 25% of 160.
5) What percent is 1.2 of 6.0? 6) 40% of what number is 18?

Solution: Given 1.2 is y% of 6.0 Solution: Given 18 is 40% of x
1.2 = 100 y × 6.0 x = 18 ×40100
y = 1.2 6.0 × 100
x = 45
y = 20 Therefore, 18 is 40% of 45.
Therefore, 1.2 is 20% of 6.0.
7) 60% of what number is 180? 8) 25% of what number equals 600.

Solution: Given 180 is 60% of b Solution: Given 25% of k is equal to 600
b = 180 60 × 100 k = 600 25 × 100
b = 300 k = 2,400
Therefore, 180 is 60% of 300. Therefore, 25% of 2,400 is equal to 600.

5 Application of Ratios,
Proportions and Percentages
Example 1
A factory has 150 workers in total. 8% of the total workers are absent. How many workers
are absent?
Solution Given the number of absent workers is equal to x people.
Proportion:
Absent workers x 8
Total workers 150 = 100
x = 8 ×100150
x = 12
Therefore, there are 12 absent workers.
Example 2
A company has 2,100 people on staff in total. 45% are males, of whom 20% graduated
with higher than Bachelor’s degree. Answer the following questions:
1. How many females are there in the company?
2. How many males graduated with higher than Bachelor’s degree?
Solution Let us say the total number of staff is equal to x people.
Males are 45% of the staff.
The proportion of male to total staff is
Number of male staff x 45
Number of total staff 2,100 = 100
The total number of males is 945 people.

Therefore, the number of females is
2,100 - 945 = 1,155 people.
The number of males who graduated with higher than Bachelor’s degree is 20%
Let us say the number of males that graduated with higher than Bachelor’s degree is
m people.
The number of males that graduated with higher than Bachelor’s degree to the total
number of males is

Number of males that graduated with higher than Bachelor’s degree m 20
Number of total males 945 = 100
m = 20 100
× 945
m = 189
Therefore, the number of males that graduated with higher than Bachelor’s
degree is 189 people.
Example 3
A shop is selling a radio with a discount of 30%. Ornanong buys the radio with the discount,
she saved 285 baht. How much did she pay for the radio?
Solution Ratio: Discount to price
Given the radio price is x baht.
Discount price 30 285
Price 100 = x
30 × x = 285 × 100
x = 285 30× 100
x = 950
The radio had a price of 950 baht.
Therefore, she paid for the radio 950 - 285 = 665 baht.
Example 4
A merchant buys some oranges that are priced at 1,210 baht. 3 kilogrammes of them
are rotten, which is 8% of the total quantity. How much does the merchant have to sell the rest
of oranges per kilogramme to make a profit of 30%?
Solution Given that the merchant buys m kilogrammes of oranges.
The ratio of the rotten oranges to total oranges is
Rotten oranges 3 8
Total oranges m = 100
3 × 100 = m
8
37.5 = m
Therefore, the merchant buys a total of 37.5 kilogrammes.

He would like to make a profit of 30%.
The ratio of profit to cost is
Profit 30 x
Cost 100 = 1,210
30 × 1,210 = x
100
363 = x
Therefore, the merchant will make a profit of 363 baht.
The merchant will get a revenue of 1,210 + 363 = 1,573 baht.
The merchant can sell 37.5 - 3 = 34.5 kilogrammes
The merchant will sell the oranges for 1,573
34.5 ≈ 46 baht per kilogramme.
Therefore, the merchant must sell the oranges at a price of 46 baht per kilogramme.
EXERCISE 6
1. Write the proportions for the given problems.
Problem Proportion
1) There are 30 students in total. The number of female students is x%.
There are 12 female students.
Female students x 12
What percent of the students are Total students 100 = 30
female?
2) There are 170 fish in a pool. Given the number of dead fish equals k fish.
14% die. How many fish are dead? Dead fish 14 k
Total fish 100 = 170
3) 560 visitors attend an exhibition. Given the number of children under 18 years old
20% of the visitors are under 18 years that visit the exhibition is a people.
old. How many visitors are under 18 Children under 18 years old 20 a
years old? Total visitors 100 = 560
4) An investor invests in a product which Given the total investment equals c.

can earn a monthly profit of 1,500 baht. Profit 40 1,500
Capital investment 100 = c
These amounts are 40% of the
investment. How much does the
investor invest in total?
Problem Proportion
5) Somchai’s net income is 20,000 baht. Given the deposit equals k%.
He deposits 1,800 baht per month. Deposit k 1,800
Net income 100 = 20,000
What percent is deposited money per
month?
6) A product has a price tag of 4,500 baht. Given the discount equals p%.
There is a discount of 230 baht. Discount p 230
Price tag 100 = 4,500
What percent is the discount?
2. 238 of 280 students go to a midterm exam. What percent of students are absent for
the exam?
Solution: Given the number of absent students is equal to k%
The number of absent students is equal to 280 - 238 = 42 people.
The total number of students is equal to 280 people.
Therefore,
Absent students 42 = k
Total students 280 100
k = 42 280× 100 = 15%
Therefore, the percent of absent students for the exam is 15%.
3. A village has 585 people over 40 years old. They make up 65% of the total population.
How many people live in the village?
Solution: Given the number of people who live in this village is equal to h people.
65% of the total population is over 40 years old.
The number of people over 40 years old is 585.
People over 40 years old 65 585
Total number of the population of the village 100 = h
h = 585 65 × 100 = 900 people
Therefore, the total amount of people who live in the village is 900.

4. A store offers discount to every product by 15%. Find the price tag of a set of glasses
if Ladda gets a discount of 345 baht.
Solution: Given the price tag is equal to z baht.
The price tag is 100 baht in which we have a discount of 15 baht.
If the price tag is z baht, then the discount is 345 baht.
Discount 15 345
Price tag 100 = z
z = 345 15
× 100
z = 2,300
Therefore, the set of glasses had a price tag of 2,300 baht.
5. A fish sauce company sells fish sauces at a price of 210 baht per dozen. The company
offers 25% off the original selling price to retailers. One retailer buys fish sauces from
this company and sells them to its customers by offering a 5% discount off the
original selling price. How much does a bottle of fish sauce cost when the retailer
makes a sale?
Solution: A company offers a discount of x baht per 1 dozen.
If the price is 100 baht, the retailer gets a discount of 25 baht.
If the price is 210 baht, the retailer gets a discount of x baht.
The company offers a discount per dozen is equal to 100 25 = x .
210
x = 52.5 baht
This means that the retailer can buy a dozen for
210 - 52.5 = 157.5 baht
The retailer sells the fish sauce to the customers for x baht per 1 dozen.
If the price per dozen is equal to 100 baht the discount is 5 baht.
If the price per dozen is equal to 157.5 baht the discount is x baht.
The retailer offers a discount per dozen is equal to 100 5 = x .
157.5
x = 7.875 baht
Therefore, the retailer sells the fish sauce that are priced at 157.5 - 7.875 = 149.625 baht per dozen.
The retailer sells the fish sauce that are priced at 149.625 ÷ 12 = 12.47 baht per bottle.
It means that the retailer sells the fish sauce for 12.47 baht per bottle.
Summary and Review
1. Write the following ratios in the lowest terms.
1) 20 : 35 4:7 2) 120 : 75 8:5
2) 22 : 66 1:3 4) 108 : 180 3:5
2. Write the following rates and ratios.
1) Measurement ratio of 1 centimetre to 5 metres
1 : 500 or 0.01 : 5
2) Two spoons of sugar to three cups of hot water
2:3
3) 1 kilogramme of pork being priced at 78 baht
1 : 78
4) Three dishes of dessert being priced at 65 baht
3 : 65
5) A car having an average speed of 80 kilometres per hour
80 : 1 or 80 : 60
3. A car runs a distance of 240 kilometres in 1 12 hours. What is the speed of this car?
Solution: 240 kilometres per 1 hour 30 minutes is 240 : 90
x kilometres per 1 hour is x : 60
Resulting in,
Distance 240 x
Time 90 = 60
x = 24090× 60 = 160
Therefore, the speed of this car is 160 kilometres per hour.

4. The mix of natural honey and warm water uses a ratio of 3 : 7. How many litres of the natural
honey must be used if a volume of 150 litres of mixed natural honey and warm water to be
made?
Solution: The ratio of natural honey to warm water is 3 : 7 per 1 litre
To make 10 litres of the mix, we must use 3 litres of honey
To make 150 litres of the mix, we must use x litres of honey
10 : 3 = 150 : x
x = 15010× 3
x = 45 litres
Therefore, 45 litres of natural honey must be used.
5. The ratio of the number of male students to female students is equal to 4 : 5. How many
male students does this school have if there are 125 female students in the school?
Solution: The number of male students to female students is 4 : 5
If there are 125 female students, then
it means that the ratio of male students to female students is 4 : 5 = x : 125
Resulting in, x = 4 ×5125
x = 100 students
Therefore, there are 100 male students.
6. Pang, Pom and Puy are of different ages with a ratio of 5 : 4 : 3. If the youngest one is
12 years old, how old is the eldest one?
Solution: The different ages have a ratio of 5 : 4 : 3
The youngest person is 12 years old
It indicates that 5 : 4 : 3 = x : y : 12
If the youngest one is 12 years old, then x : y : 12
3
5 : 4 : 3 = x : y : 4
Therefore, 5 × 4 : 4 × 4 : 3 × 4 = 20 : 16 : 12
It means that the eldest person is 20 years old.

7. A consumer buys eggs which are priced at 180 baht per hundred. If the consumer
buys 100 eggs, he gets 2 eggs for free. He sells 4 eggs for 11 baht. How much profit does
he earn?
Solution: The consumer buys 100 eggs which are priced at 180 baht. The ratio is 100 : 180
The unit price of 1 egg is 180 ÷ 100 = 1.8 baht
The consumer sells the eggs priced at 11 ÷ 4 = 2.75 baht per egg
The consumer gets a revenue of 102 × 2.75 = 280.5 baht
He earns a total profit of 280.5 - 180 = 100.5 baht
Therefore, the profit is x percent 100 x = 100.5
180
x = 55.83
It means that the customer earns a profit of 55.83 percent.
8. A store sells a fridge for 5,600 baht, and it will make a profit of 35%. The fridge is sold
later at a reduced price of 4,800 baht. What percent does the store profit?
Solution: 35% of 5,600 is 100 35 = x = 1,960 baht
5,600
The real cost of the fridge is 5,600 - 1,960 = 3,640 baht
The fridge is sold later for 4,800 baht.
The profit is 4,800 - 3,640 = 1,160 baht
The profit is x%
x = 1,160
100 3,640
x = 31.868
Therefore, the store can make a profit of 31.868%.
9. A landscape is priced at 176,000 baht. A buyer pays 80,000 baht, and the remaining money
is paid using a loan with an interest rate of 5% per year. How much interest does the
buyer pay in the first year?
Solution: The landscape is priced at 176,000 baht.
The buyer makes a cash payment of 80,000 baht.
The remaining money is 176,000 - 80,000 = 96,000 baht.
The loan has a 5% interest rate → 100 : 5
The loan is 96,000 baht, which is x baht in interest → 96,000 : x
100
5 =
96,000
x
x = 4,800 baht
Therefore, the buyer must pay the interest of 4,800 baht in the first year.
10. A school has 2,400 students. 40% are male students. Scholarships are given to 10% of
the male students and 15 % of the female students. Find the total number of students who
get scholarships.
Solution: A school has 2,400 students. 40% are male students
40 x
100 = 2,400 = 960 students
There are 960 male students and 1,440 female students.
Scholarships are given to 10% of male students, which is equal to
10 x
100 = 960 x = 96 students
Scholarships are given to 15% of female students, which is equal to
15 x
100 = 1,440 x = 216 students
Therefore, there are 96 + 216 = 312 students in total who get the scholarships.

31 - 35 Very good
26 - 30 Good
UNIT TEST 21 - 25
less than 21
Fair
Should be improved
I’ve got .......................….… marks.
PART 1
1. Which answer is correct?
1 3 : 7 = 9 : 14 2 94 : 12 = 47 : 4
3 11 : 82 = 82 : 11 4 48 : 36 = 72 : 54
2. Which answer is in simplest form?
1 16 : 4 2 19 : 57
3 21 : 147 4 23 : 45
3. Which answer represents the ratio “100 metres to 18 seconds”.
1 100 2 18 : 100
3 50 : 9 4 10 : 8
4. Which ratio is equal to 3 baht 50 satang to 8 baht 25 satang?
1 3:8 2 14 : 33
3 50 : 117 4 35 : 825
5. If 30 : 38 = 27 : x, what is equal to x?
1 16.5 2 20.8
3 34.2 4 42.7
6. If 0.003 : 0.04 = m : 0.005, what is equal to m?
1 375 2 37.5
3 0.0375 4 0.000375
7. If 2x – 1 : x + 9 = 5 : 4, what is equal to x?
1 16.33 2 18.25
3 20.03 4 26.34
8. The length of a square is 5 centimetres. What is the ratio of the length to the area for this square?
1 1:3 2 1:5
3 5:3 4 5:1

9. Pong, Pang and Pom are brothers and sisters. Their combined ages come to 45 years.
Pong is the eldest, Pang is the middle child, and Pom is the youngest who is 9 years old.
If the age ratio of Pong to Pang is 5 : 3, how old is Pong?
1 9 years old 2 13 years and 6 months old
3 22 years and 6 months old 4 30 years old
10. If a : b = 3 : 5 and b : c = 1 : 4, what ratio is equal to a : b : c?
1 3:5:4 2 5:3:4
3 4 : 5 : 10 4 3 : 5 : 20
11. The ratio of the sides of a triangle is 2 : 3 : 5. The shortest side of the triangle is 15
centimetres. How long is the longest side?
1 27.5 centimetres 2 37.5 centimetres
3 47.5 centimetres 4 57.5 centimetres
12. The ratio of male students to female students in a school is 15 : 8. The school has 161
more male students than female students. How many male students does the school have?
1 284 students 2 295 students
3 345 students 4 560 students
13. How much is 78% of 940 greater or less than 5% of 30,940?
1 Greater than, 312. 2 Less than, 312.5
3 Greater than, 813.8 4 Less than, 813.8
14. 14 is 18% of what number?
1 25.8 2 36.84
3 53.20 4 271.4
15. 47 % of what number is equal to 23 % of 5?
1 4.21 2 4.76
3 5.83 4 6.38
16. A company sees that the net income has increased 5% from last year. If the company
had a net income of 25,480 baht last year, what is the net income this year?
1 26,754 baht 2 28,000 baht
3 29,653 baht 4 95,426 baht
17. A price tag is set with a value that is 30% greater than the original cost. If a 10% discount
is given to the customer, what percent does the seller change to make a profit?
1 12% 2 17%
3 20% 4 37%
18. An electric fan has a price tag of 550 baht. A store offers a discount of 50 baht.
What percent is the discount?
1 8.02 percent 2 9.09 percent
19. A company has 1,500 employees in total. The number of male employees is equal to
60%. The company would like to fire 20% of the male and 30% of the female employees.
How many employees will remain?
1 490 employees 2 900 employees
3 1,140 employees 4 1,290 employees
20. If a television is sold for 12,750 baht, it makes a loss of 15%. How much does the television
be sold for if the profit needs to be 8%?
1 12,000 baht 2 13,862 baht
3 15,000 baht 4 16,200 baht
PART 2
1. Suchat would like to buy some products and make a chart of the products, stores and prices.
He compares two department stores, Panich Department Store and Pachok Department Store.
Panich Department Store is having a sale but Pachok Department Store is not. He wants to
find the cheapest products possible. Which department store should Suchat buy from?
(3 marks)
Pachock Panich What department
Product Department Store Department Store store should Suchat buy
the products from?
Pen 83 baht 99 baht, 10% off Pachok
DVD Player 3,300 baht 3,770 baht, 15% off Panich
Cabinet 2,824 baht 3,300 baht, 20% off Panich

2. Look at the information from the advertisement, and then fill in the correct answer in the
blanks. Which product is offered with the highest discount? (6 marks)
Notebook 125 baht Lamp 1,250 baht Electric fan 850 baht
Selling price is at 100 baht Selling price is at 1,050 baht Selling price is at 663 baht
after discount. after discount. after discount.
Product Actual Price Selling Price Discount (baht) Discount (%)

Notebook 125 100 25 20%
Lamp 1,250 1,050 200 16%
Electric fan 850 663 187 22%
The highest discounted product is the electric fan.
PART 3
Show the solutions.
1. A factory makes bottles at a rate of 15,000 per week. The factory reduces production by 8%.
How many bottles per week can the factory make? (3 marks)
Solution:
An 8% reduction means that if 100 bottles are normally made,
the total is reduced by 8 → 100 : 8
If 15,000 bottles are made, the total is reduced x → 15,000 : x
Resulting in, 100 = 15,000
8 x
x = 15,000 100
×8
x = 1,200 bottles
Therefore, when the production is reduced, the factory makes
15,000 - 1,200 = 13,800 bottles per week
It means that the factory makes the bottles at the rate of 13,800 bottles per week.

2. Somjai deposits 50,000 baht into a bank account. The interest rate of this bank is 4 percent per
year, but the deposit tax is 15%. How much the interest does Somjai earn after tax at the end
of the year? (3 marks)
Solution:
A deposit of 100 baht, earns 4 baht in interest.
A deposit of 50,000 baht, earns k baht in interest.
100 : 4 = 50,000 : k
k = 4 × 10050,000 = 2,000 baht
At the end of the year, Somjai earns 2,000 baht in interest.
The interest of 100 baht is deducted by the tax equals 15 baht.
The interest of 2,000 baht is deducted by the tax equals a baht.
100 : 15 = 2,000 : a
a = 15 ×100 2,000 = 300 baht
At the end of the year, the deposit is deducted by the tax equals 300 baht.
Therefore, at the end of the year, Somjai can earn
2,000 - 300 = 1,700 baht in interest.
Somjai earns 1,700 baht of interest after tax.
UNIT 2 VOCABULARY
Equivalent ratios Quantity
อัตราส่วนที่เท่ากัน ปริมาณ (กำ�หนดความมากน้อยของจำ�นวน)
Percent Ratio
ร้อยละ เปอร์เซ็น (อัตราส่วน โดยการเทียบจาก 100 อัตราส่วน (ขนาดเปรียบเทียบของสองจำ�นวนที่อยู่
เขียนแทนด้วยสัญลักษณ์ %) ในรูป หรือ ab หรือ a:b เมื่อ b ≠ 0)
Proportion
สัดส่วน (ประโยคที่แสดงการเท่ากันของอัตราส่วนสอง
อัตราส่วน)

03
UNIT
GRAPHS AND
LINEAR RELATIONS
Learning Contents
Ordered Pairs and Graphs
Applying Graphs
Graphing Linear Relations

GRAPHS AND
LINEAR
RELATIONS Graphs of Two-Variable
Linear Equations
Solving Two-Variable Linear

Equations
Applying Two-Variable Linear

Equation and Graph Linear Relations
1 Ordered Pairs and Graphs
A farmer was improving a paddy field. He saw an object shining on the land so he picked it up
and found out that it was a coin and porcelain from the Ayutthaya era, around 300 years old. He sent
the coin to the province and the province asked an archeology office to survey. The surveyor made a
map of the area where it was. The point the farmer discovered the coin is at position (2, 3) and the
porcelain is at position (1, 5). These points written show ordered pairs on the X-axis and the Y-axis,
respectively.
1.1 Meaning of Ordered Pairs
In our daily life, we always encounter pairs of things such as the sun and the moon.
Pair up the related items:
Sun Mother
Father Paternal grandmother
Paternal grandfather Maternal grandmother
Maternal grandfather Moon
Consider the following table:
Amount of soy milk (boxes) 1 2 3 4 5
Price (baht) 6 12 18 24 30
From the table above, we can draw a diagram showing a pairing between the amount of soy
milk in a box and the price in baht:
1 6
2 12
3 18
4 24
5 30
Boxes of Soy Milk Price in Baht
From the table and diagram above, we can see there are 2 groups. Members of the first group
represent the number of boxes, and members of the second group represent the price of soy milk in
baht. You can see that there is a pairing between a member of the first group and a member of the
second group, such as 1 and 6, 2 and 12, 3 and 18, 4 and 24, and 5 and 30.
Unit 3 GRAPHS AND LINEAR RELATIONS 107
To represent these pairs, we use the following notation:
(1, 6), (2, 12), (3, 18), (4, 24), (5, 30)
From (1, 6), you can see that 1 is the first member and 6 is the second member.
The notation (1, 6) is read as the ordered pair one six.
Fill in the blanks.
The notation (2, 12) is read as the ordered pair two twelve
The notation (3, 18) is read as the ordered pair three eighteen
The notation (4, 24) is read as the ordered pair four twenty-four
The notation (5, 30) is read as the ordered pair five thirty
Using ordered pairs that show a pairing between a member of the first group and a member
of the second group, they represent what are the member of the first group and the member of the
second group.
For this example, a member of the first group is the amount of soy milk in a box. A member of
the second group is the price of soy milk.
Therefore, (1, 6) means that one box of soy milk costs 6 baht.
Fill in the blanks.
(2, 12) 2 is the first member, 12 is the second member
This means that 2 boxes of soy milk cost 12 baht.
This means that 3 boxes of soy milk cost 18 baht.
This means that 4 boxes of soy milk cost 24 baht
This means that 5 boxes of soy milk cost 30 baht
From the above ordered pairs, there is an agreement that the first member is the number of
boxes of soy milk, and the second member is the price. If you change the order of the members in
the ordered pair, it will change the meaning. For example, if (1, 6) is changed to (6, 1), the meaning
will be 6 boxes of soy milk that cost 1 baht. Therefore, we cannot change the order when there is an
agreement.

2 Applying Graphs
2.1 Using Ordered Pairs to Show Relations between Members
of One Group and Members of Another Group
Example 1
Consider the following table:
Amount of sugar (bags) 1 2 3 4
Price (baht) 13 26 39 52
Drawing a diagram to show the pairing between the amount of sugar and the price.
1 13
2 26
3 39
4 52
13 baht
Members of the first group Members of the second group
Amount of Sugar Price
Write ordered pairs, write the readings, and explain the meanings.
(1, 13) is read as the ordered pair one thirteen, meaning 1 bag of sugar costs 13 baht.
(2, 26) is read as the ordered pair two twenty-six, meaning 2 bags of sugar cost 26 baht.
(3, 39) is read as the ordered pair three thirty-nine, meaning 3 bags of sugar cost 39 baht.
(4, 52) is read as the ordered pair four fifty-two, meaning 4 bags of sugar cost 52 baht.

Example 2
From the given diagram, write the ordered pairs and draw the graph to show the relations
between the number of pencils and the price.
The Number of Pencils and the Price
1 2
2 4
3 6
Number of Pencils Price

Ordered pairs: (1,2), (2,4), (3,6).
The Graph Showing Relations between the Number of Pencils and the Price
Price (baht)
8 D
6 C
4 B
2 A
0 Number of pencils (pieces)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Point A is at (1, 2), meaning 1 pencil costs 2 baht.

Point B is at (2, 4), meaning 2 pencils cost 4 baht.
Point C is at (3, 6), meaning 3 pencils cost 6 baht.
Point D represents which ordered pair?
Point D is at (4, 8), meaning 4 pencils cost 8 baht.

Note
1. To graph an ordered pair, use the horizontal axis to plot the first member
and the vertical axis to plot the second member of an ordered pair.
2. Graphs of pencil prices cannot be connected because the number of pencils
is a counting number.
Draw the graph for the number of pencils and the price, you can put ordered pairs at the points
such as A(1, 2) as shown in the graphs below:
Price (baht)
8 D(4, 8)
7
6 C(3, 6)
5
4 B(2, 4)
3
2 A(1, 2)
1
0 Number of pencil (pieces)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

EXERCISE 1
1. Write the ordered pairs and draw the graph for the following diagram.
1 5
2 10
3 15
4 20
Number of Comic Book Price (baht)
Ordered pairs: (1, 5), (2, 10), (3, 15), (4, 20).
Price (baht)
25
20 (4, 20)
15 (3, 15)
10 (2, 10)
5 (1, 5)
0 1 2 3 4 5 Number of comic books
2. Fill in the following table, draw the diagram to show the pairs, write the ordered pairs,
write the readings, and explain the meanings.
Number of books 1 2 3 4 5
Price (baht) 10 20 30 40 50

Diagram Showing the Pairs
1 10
2 20
3 30
4 40
5 50
Members of the First Group Members of the Second Group
Number of Books Price of Book
Write the ordered pairs, write the readings, and explain the meanings.
(1, 10) is read as the ordered pair one ten, meaning that 1 book costs 10 baht.
(2, 20) is read as the ordered pair two twenty, meaning that 2 books cost 20 baht.
(3, 30) is read as the ordered pair three thirty, meaning that 3 books cost 30 baht.
(4, 40) is read as the ordered pair four forty, meaning that 4 books cost 40 baht.
(5, 50) is read as the ordered pair five fifty, meaning that 5 books cost 50 baht.
3. Graph the ordered pairs by writing them group by group and connect the first point
to each consecutive point in the group. What will the picture be?
First group of ordered pairs (3, 2), (1, 4), (8, 4), and (6, 2).
Second group of ordered pairs (5, 4), (5, 9), (6, 7), and (8, 4).
10
(5, 9)
8
(6, 7)
6
(1, 4)
4 (8, 4)
(5, 4)
2
(3, 2) (6, 2)
0 X
2 4 6 8 10
It’s a ship.

3 Graphing Linear Relations
Draw number lines on the horizontal and vertical axes, and intersect them with a sharp angle
at a point representing zero (0) as follows:
Y
8
7
Quadrant 2 6
Quadrant 1
(x, y) 5 (x, y)
4
(–, +) 3 (+, +)
2
1
–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 X
–1
Quadrant 3 –2 Quadrant 4
–3
(x, y) –4
(x, y)
–5
(–, –) –6 (+, –)
–7
–8
The point where both number lines intersect is called the origin, commonly represented with 0.
The horizontal number line is called the horizontal axis, or X-axis, and the vertical number line
is called the vertical axis or Y-axis.
To draw graphs, we will use these 2 number lines which are on the same plane and this plane
is called a number plane. The plane is divided into 4 parts, and each part is called a quadrant. Each
point on a number plane will be represented by an ordered pair. The first member of the ordered pair
is the number on the X-axis and the latter member of the ordered pair represents a number on the
Y-axis.
Quadrant 1, the distance from the origin on the X-axis and Y-axis are both positive numbers.
Quadrant 2, the distance from the origin on the X-axis is a negative number, and the distance
on the Y-axis is a positive number.
Quadrant 3, the distance from the origin on the X-axis and the Y-axis are both negative numbers.
Quadrant 4, the distance from the origin on the X-axis is a positive number, and the distance
on the Y-axis is a negative number.
When P is a point on a number plane represented by an ordered pair (x, y), it is written as P(x, y),
called point P, and has a coordinate (x, y).

Example 3
Consider the following picture.
Y
5
4 A
3
B
D 2
C 1
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 X
–1
–2
–3
E G
–4
–5
F
From the picture:
1) Counting from the origin horizontally 3 units to the right, then counting vertically 4 units up,
you will get a position of (3, 4), which is the position of point A. Point A has a coordinate (3, 4).
2) Counting from the origin horizontally 4 units to the right, then counting vertically 3 units up,
you will get a position of (4, 3), which is the position of point B. Point B has a coordinate
(4, 3).
3) Counting from the origin horizontally 1 unit to the left, then counting vertically 1 unit up,
you will get a position of (-1,1), which is the position of point C. Point C has a coordinate
(-1, 1).
4) Counting from the origin horizontally 3 units to the left, then counting vertically 2 units up,
you will get a position of (-3, 2), which is the position of point D. Point D has a coordinate
(-3, 2).
5) Counting from the origin horizontally 2 units to the left, then counting vertically 3 units down,
you will get a position of (-2, -3), which is the position of point E. Point E has a coordinate
(-2, -3).
6) Counting from the origin horizontally 1 unit to the right, then counting vertically 5 units down,
you will get a position of (1, -5), which is the position of point F. Point F has a coordinate
(1, -5).
7) Counting from the origin horizontally 2 units to the right, then counting vertically 3 units down,
you will get a position of (2, -3), which is the position of point G. Point G has a coordinate
(2, -3).

Note
A graph of (3, 4) and a graph of (4, 3) are not the same point.
ASEAN CORNER
Diagram showing the pairs of national foods of ASEAN countries
Brunei Darussalam Ambuyat

Cambodia Amok
Indonesia Gado Gado
Laos Chicken Soup
Malaysia Nasi Lemak
Myanmar Lahpet
The Philippines Adobo
Singapore Laksa
Thailand Tom Yum Goong
Vietnam Nem
ASEAN Countries National Foods
EXERCISE 2
1. From the picture, find the ordered pairs for the points A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and I.
Y
5 A Point A (2, 5)
4 B Point B (4, 4)
C
3 Point C (6, 3)
D 2
E
Point D (-3, 2)
1
Point E (-4, 1)
X
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Point F (-1, -4)
–1
H
G –2 Point G (-2, -2)
I
–3 Point H (3, -1)
F –4
Point I (5, -3)
–5

2. Draw the graph on the number plane by drawing straight lines to connect each
point alphabetically from A to L, and answer what the picture is.
A (3, 3) B (4, 0) C (3, 0) D (4, -1) E (3, -2) F (-2, -2)
G (-3, 0) H (-5, -2) I (-5, 3) J (-3, 1) K (-2, 3) L (1, 3)
Y
5
4
I (-5, 3) K (-2, 3) 3 L (1, 3) A (3, 3)
2
J (-3, 1) 1
G (-3, 0) C (3, 0) B (4, 0)
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
X
-1
D (4, -1)
-2
H (-5, -2) F (-2, -2) E (3, -2)
-3
-4
-5
When drawing straight lines to connect each point alphabetically from A to L, the picture is
a fish .
4 Graphs of Two-Variables Linear Equations

From the knowledge about equations the students have learned, consider the following table
and fill in the blanks.
Mathematical Equation Number of
Sentence Sentence Variables
Yes No
Three times a number minus eight _
equals twenty-two 3x - 8 = 22 3 1
Five times a number plus fourteen

equals twenty-nine 5x + 14 = 29 3 _ 1
Two times the difference of a

number and twelve equals thirty-six 2(x - 12) = 36 3 _ 1

Mathematical Equation Number of
Sentence Sentence Variables
Yes No
A father’s age is three times his son’s
age. If the father is 45 years old. How 3x = 45 3 _ 1
old is the son?
A rectangle has a length longer than

its width by 4 centimetres. Its area is x ( x + 4) = 27 _
27 square centimetres. What’s the 3 1
length and the width of the rectangle?
Example 1
Consider the following sentences:
Nid and Noi have 10 dolls together.
1. If you’re asking how many dolls each of them has, it cannot be answered.
2. If Nid has one doll, Noi will have 9 dolls, but if Nid has 2 dolls then Noi will have 8 dolls.
Write a table showing the number of Nid’s and Noi’s dolls as follows:
Number of Nid’s dolls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Number of Noi’s dolls 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
From the table above, it can be seen that
Let x represent the number of Nid’s dolls.
Let y represent the number of Noi’s dolls.
We get x + y = 10
This equation has two variables, which are x and y. x + y = 10 is called a two-variable
linear equation.
From an equation x + y = 10, which x and y are counting numbers, it can be written in a
table:
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
y 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
The solutions of the equation x + y = 10 are values of x and y which make the equation
x + y = 10 true.

The values of x and y that are in the same column in the table are the solutions to the equation,
such as
x = 1, y=9
x = 2, y=8
• •
• •
• •
x = 9, y=1
We commonly write the solution, such as x=1, y=9, in the form of an ordered pair, as (1, 9).
So, (1, 9), (2, 8), (3, 7), (4, 6), (5, 5), (6, 4), (7, 3), (8, 2) and (9, 1) are the solutions to the equation
x + y = 10.
The graph of ordered pairs which are the solutions to the equation x + y = 10, where x, y are
counting numbers, looks like this:
Y
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0 X
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
From the equation x + y = 10, consider if (3, 5) is a solution to the equation x + y = 10.
It can be seen that (3, 5) is not a solution to the equation x + y = 10, because when you
substitute x with 3 and y with 5, they make the equation x + y = 10 false.

From the graph, answer the following questions:
1. Can x or y equal 0?
They cannot because the equation is x + y = 10, and there are ordered pairs
(1, 9), (2, 8), …, (8, 2), (9, 1) in the graph, there are no ordered pairs (0, 10) and (10, 0).
2. Can x or y equal 10?
They cannot because there are no ordered pairs (0, 10) and (10, 0) in the graph provided.

3. Can x or y be greater than 10, why?
They cannot because the equation of the graph is x + y = 10.

4. Can x or y be a fraction or a decimal?
They cannot because the graph provided has the value of x and y as a positive number
or a counting number only.
Example 2
Consider the following sentences:
A triangle has a height of three times its base.
x represents the base
y represents the height
This can be written as an equation as:
y = 3x
From the equation y = 3x, write the value of x and y in the table:
x 1 2 3 4 1 1 12 2 34
2
y 3 6 9 12 1 12 4 12 8 14
Write the ordered pairs from the values of x and y:
(1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9), (4, 12), ....., ( 12 , 1 12 ), (1 12 , 4 12 ) and (2 34 , 8 14 )
There are infinite ordered pairs that answer to this equation.
From the ordered pairs which are the solutions to the equation as shown, we can draw the
graph as follows:

Y
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0 X
1 2 3 4
If we use all the solutions to the equation y = 3x, where x is a positive number, the graph of
this equation will be part of a straight line.
Y
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0 X
1 2 3 4

Example 3
Table showing fabric prices:
Fabric length (metres) 1 2 3 4 5 6
Price (baht) 20 40 60 80 100 120
Write the ordered pairs where the first member is the length of fabric and the second member
is the price: (1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 60), (4, 80), (5, 100), (6, 120)
Given x is the fabric length and y is the price, we will get the equation y = 20x.
Price (baht)
120
100
80
60
40
20
Fabric’s length (metres)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
The scale of the horizontal and vertical axes are not equal. In order to read the price of any
length of fabric, we must add more fine points. You can see that those points are aligned as a
straight line as shown:
Price (baht)
120
100
80
60
40
20
Fabric’s length (metres)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Example 4
From the equation x - y = 3, where x and y are integers, write the solutions in the table:
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
y -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Y
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
X
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
–1
–2
–3
–4
–5
–6
–7
–8
–9
–10
–11
–12

From the equation x - y = 3, where x is any number greater than or equal to -3, when drawing
graph, it will be part of a straight line as shown below:
Y
6
5
4
3
2
1
X
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
EXERCISE 3
From the equation x - y = 4, given x and y are counting numbers, answer the
following questions:
1) Can x be equal to 4, why?
It cannot because if x = 4, then y = 0, but 0 is not a counting number.
2) What is the minimum value of x? 5
What is the minimum value of y? 1
3) What is the maximum value of x?
It cannot be determined because counting numbers are infinite.
What is the maximum value of y?
It cannot be determined because counting numbers are infinite.
4) If x is equal to 9, what is y? 5
5) If y is equal to 6, what is x? 10

6) Draw the graph of the equation x - y = 2, given x and y are counting numbers.
Y (Example answer)
5 (7, 5)
4 (6, 4)
3 (5, 3)
2 (4, 2)
1 (3, 1)
X
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
7) Draw the graph of the equation x - y = 2, where x is any number greater than or equal to
-3. What will the graph look like?
Y (Example answer)
4
(5, 3)
2
(3, 1)
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 X
(1, –1)
–2
(–1, –3)
–4
(–3, –5)
–6
–8 Graph will be a ray.

8) The graph showing the relation between time and the distance of a wheeled vehicle.
Distance (metres)
14
12
10
8
6
4
A
2
0
1 2 3 4 5
Time (seconds)
From the graph, answer the following questions:
1) Which ordered pair is represented by A and what is the meaning of that ordered pair?
Point A represents the ordered pair (2.5, 3), meaning that in 2.5 seconds,
the vehicle will move 3 metres.
2) In 4.5 seconds, how far will the vehicle move?
13 metres
3) The vehicle will have moved 6 metres at what time?
at 3.5 seconds
9) Nuttawut fires a rocket to its highest distance. When the fuel is empty, the rocket falls to the
ground. The relation between time in seconds and the height of the rocket in metres is shown
by the following graph:
Height (metre)
600
500
400
300
200
100
0 Time (second)
2 4 6 8 10

Answer the following questions:
1) What is the highest distance the rocket can travel?
600 metres
2) How high is the rocket above the ground after 2 seconds?
400 metres
3) Find the time when the rocket is 400 metres above the ground.
2 seconds and 8 seconds
5 Solving Two-Variable Linear Equations

Results of the Olympic 100 Metre Freestyle between males and females from 1916-1996
Time (seconds)
A.D.
MaleNo Female
1916 63.40 82.20
1920 61.40 73.60
1924 59.00 72.40
1928 58.60 71.00
1932 58.20 66.80
1936 57.60 65.90
1948 57.30 66.30
1952 57.40 66.80
1956 55.40 62.00
1960 55.20 61.20
1964 53.40 59.50
1968 52.20 60.00
1972 51.22 58.59
1976 49.99 55.65
1980 50.40 54.79
1984 49.80 55.92
1988 48.63 54.93
1992 49.02 54.64
1996 48.74 54.50

Line graph shows the results of the Olympic 100 metre freestyle between males and females from
1916-1996
Y Time (seconds)
85
80
75
70
65 Time for females
60 Time for males
55
50
45
(2025, 41.8)
0 X A.D.
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020
From the graph, we can see that the times in the 100 metre freestyle for both males and females
have been decreasing since 1916. The time for females has decreased greater than males. The graph
will show the ordered pairs, which can be written as a system of equations as follows:
For males y = -0.176x + 398.204 ➀
For females y = -0.299x + 647.308 ➁
Where x is the time (in years) and y is the time (in seconds). The graphs will intersect at the point
(2025, 41.8), which means that in 2025, males and females will take the same time, about 42 seconds.
To see if (2025, 41.8) is the best solution, we can check as follows:
Substitute the value of x = 2025, and y = 41.8 in ➀
y = -0.176(2025) + 398.204
= -356.4 + 398.204
= 41.804
≈ 41.8
Substitute the value of x = 2025, and y = 41.8 in ➁
y = -0.299(2025) + 647.308
= -605.475 + 647.308
= 41.833
≈ 41.8
So, x = 2025 and y = 41.8 is true.

Linear equations can have two variables in the form of Ax + By + C = 0, when A, B, C are
constants, and A and B are not equal to zero. If we want to draw a graph, we may change the
equation as follows:
Ax + By + C = 0
By = -Ax - C
y = - BA x - CB
If a = - BA and b = - CB ,
Then y = ax + b
Y
X
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8
-2
-4
Which point on this graph is

the solution to the system of
linear equations, or the point
of intersection?

Case 1 a > 0 and b = 0
Example
Draw the graphs for the equations y = 4x, y = 2x, y = x and y = 13 x.
y = 4x y = 2x
x -1 0 1 x -1 0 1
y -4 0 4 y -2 0 2
y=x y = 13 x
x -1 0 1 x -3 0 3
y -1 0 1 y -1 0 1
Y
y = 4x
4
y = 2x
3
y=x
2
1 y = 13x
0
-4 -3 -2 -1 X
1 2 3 4
-1
-2
-3
-4
We can see that the graphs for the equations pass through the origin (0, 0). When a is
greater than 0, the graphs will make acute angles with the X axis if we measure the angles
anticlockwise. The angle will be greater when a increases.

Case 2 a > 0 and b ≠ 0
Example
Draw the graphs for the equations y = 13 x + 1, y = 3x + 2, y = 3x - 1 and y = 3x - 3.
y = 13 x + 1 y = 3x + 2
x -3 0 3 x -1 0 1
y 0 1 2 y -1 2 5
y = 3x - 1 y = 3x - 3
x -1 0 1 x -1 0 1
y -4 -1 2 y -6 -3 0
Y
6 y = 3x + 2
5
4
3 y = 3x - 1
y = 3x - 3
2
y = 13 x + 1
1
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 X
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
We can see that the graphs for the equations when “a” takes the same value, they will be
parallel to each other, and the graphs will make acute angles with the X axis if we measure the
angles anticlockwise. The graphs also will intersect (or intercept) the Y axis at point (0, b).

Case 3 a < 0 and b = 0
Example
Draw the graphs for the equations y = -4x, y = -2x, y = -x and y = - 13 x.
y = -4x y = -2x
x -1 0 1 x -1 0 1
y 4 0 -4 y 2 0 -2
y = -x y = - 13 x
x -1 0 1 x -3 0 3
y 1 0 -1 y 1 0 -1
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
X
y=x y = 13 x
-2
y = 2x
-4
-6 y = 4x
We can see that the graphs for the equations pass through the origin (0, 0). When “a” is
less than 0, the graphs will make obtuse angles with the X axis if we measure the angles
anticlockwise. The angle will be greater when a decreases.

Case 4 a < 0 and b ≠ 0
Example
Draw the graphs for the equations y = - 14 x + 2, y = -2x + 1, y = -3x - 1 and y = -2x + 3.
y = - 14 x + 2 y = -2x + 1
x -4 0 4 x -1 0 1
y 3 2 1 y 3 1 -1
y = -3x - 1 y = -2x + 3
x -1 0 1 x -1 0 1
y 2 -1 -4 y 5 3 1
Y
5
2
y = - 14 x + 2
1
-4 -3 -2 -1 X
0 1 2 3 4
-1
y = -2x + 3
-2
-3 y = -2x + 1
-4
y = -3x - 1
We can see that the graphs for the equations when “a” takes the same value, they will be
parallel to each other, and the graphs will make obtuse angles with the X axis if we measure the
angles anticlockwise. The graphs also will intersect the Y axis at point (0, b).

Case 5 a = 0 and b ≠ 0
Example
Draw the graphs for the equations y = -4, y = -1, y = 2 and y = 5.
Y
6
y=5
4
2 y=2
0
X
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 y = -1
-2
-4 y = -4
-6
We can see that the graphs for the equations are parallel to the X axis and intersect the
Y axis at point (0, b).
Case 6 a = 0 and b = 0
Example Y
X
0
We can see that when a = 0 and b = 0, there is no line.

Example 1
Draw the graphs for the equations y = 3x and y = 3x - 2, using the same coordinate axis,
and think what the relationship is between the two graphs.
y = 3x y = 3x - 2
x -1 0 1 x -1 0 1
y -3 0 3 y -5 -2 1
Y
y = 3x
4
3 (1, 3)
2 y = 3x - 2
1 (1, 1)
(0, 0)
-4 -3 -2 -1
X
0 1 2 3 4
-1
-2 (0, -2)
(-1, -3) -3
-4
-5
(-1,-5)
We can see that the graphs of the two equations are parallel to each other, the graph of
the equation y = 3x passes through the origin (0, 0), and the graph of the equation y = 3x - 2
intersects the Y axis at point (0, -2).
So, there is no solution to this system of equations.

Example 2
Draw the graphs for the equations y - x = 1 and y + x = 3, using the same coordinate
axis, and compare the graphs of the two equations.
y - x = 1 → y = x + 1
y + x = 3 → y = -x + 3
y=x+1 y = -x + 3
x -1 0 1 x -1 0 1
y 0 1 2 y 4 3 2
Y
y+x=3
(-1, 4)
4
(0, 3)
3 y-x=1
2 (1, 2)
1
(0, 1)
(-1, 0) (3, 0) X
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-1
We can see that the graphs of the two equations intersect at point (1, 2). The graph for the
equation y - x = 1 intersects the X axis at point (-1, 0) and intersects the Y axis at point (0, 1).
The graph for the equation y + x = 3 intersects the X axis at point (3, 0) and intersects the Y axis
at point (0, 3).
So, the solution to this system of equations is (1, 2).

Example 3
Draw the graphs for the equations x = -2, x = 3, y = 52 and y = -3, using the same coordinate
axis, and compare the graphs of all equations.
Y
x = -2 4 x=3
3 0, 52
y = 52
2
1
(-2, 0) (3, 0)
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 X
-1
-2
-3 (0, -3) y=3
We can see that the graphs for the equations x = -2 and x = 3 are parallel to each other. The
graph for the equation x = -2, y can be any value, but x is always equal to -2, and intersects the
X axis at point (-2, 0). The graph for the equation x = 3, y can be any value, but x is always equal
to 3, and intersects the X axis at point (3, 0).
The graphs for the equations y = 52 and y = -3 are parallel to each other. The graph for the
equation y = 52 , x can be any value, but y is always equal to 52 or 2 12 , and intersects the Y axis
at point (0, 52 ). The graph for the equation y = -3, x can be any value, but y is always equal to -3,
and intersects the Y axis at point (0, -3).
From examples 1-3, students can graph linear equations with two variables as follows:

To draw a graph of a linear equation with two variables, the best way is to write the equation
in the form:
y = ax + b; where a, b are constants
Characteristics of a Characteristics of b
a = 0, the graph is parallel to the X axis. b = 0, the graph passes through the origin (0, 0).
a > 0, the graph makes an acute angle b > 0, the graph intersects the Y axis above
with the X axis. the X axis.
a < 0, the graph makes an obtuse angle b > 0, the graph intersects the Y axis below
with the X axis. the X axis.
The greater |a| is, the greater the slope of the If x = 0, the graph intersects the Y axis
graph. at point (0, b)
If 2 or more equations have the same “a” If 2 or more equations have the same “b”
value, the graphs will be paralled. value, the graphs will intersect the Y axis at
the same point.
Example 4
Draw the graphs for the equations y = x - 3, y = 2x + 2, y = 2x - 3 and y = x, using the
same coordinate axis.
Y
Method:
6
x -1 0 1 5 y = 2x + 2
y = x - 3 -4 -3 -2 4
y = 2x + 2 0 2 4 3
y = 2x - 3 -5 -3 -1 2 y=x
y = 2x - 3
y = x -1 0 1 1 y=x-3
X
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Note -1
The value of x defined in this table is -2
only an example, students may define x -3
differently but it must find the value of y -4
for each value of x.
-5

From the graphs, we can see that:
1. The graph for the equation y = 2x + 2 is parallel to the graph for the equation y = 2x - 3, because
“a” has the same value, 2.
2. The graph for the equation y = x - 3 is parallel to the graph for the equation y = x, because “a”
has the same value, 1.
3. The graph for the equation y = x passes through the origin (0, 0) because the value of b = 0.
4. The graphs for the equations y = 2x - 3 and y = x - 3 intersect the Y axis at the same point,
(0, -3), because b has the same value, -3.
5. The graph for the equation y = 2x + 2 intersects the Y axis over the X axis because the value
of “b” is positive, which is 2.
6. The graphs for the equations y = 2x - 3 and y = x - 3 intersect the Y axis below the X axis,
because the value of “b” is negative, which is -3.
7. The graphs for the equations y = 2x + 2 and y = 2x - 3 have a greater slope than the graphs
for the equations y = x - 3 and y = x, because the |a| values of the first two equations are greater
than the |a| values of the later two equations.
8. Every line makes an acute angle with the X axis because the value of a > 0.
Example 5
Draw the graphs for the equations 2y + 2x = -3, y + x = -3, y + 3x = -3 and y + 3x = 0.

Method Change all equations to the form y = ax + b
2y + 2x = -3 → y = -x - 32
y + x = -3 → y = -x - 3
y + 3x = -3 → y = -3x - 3
y + 3x = 0 → y = -3x
x -2 0 2
y = -x - 32 1
2 -112 -312
y = -x - 3 -1 -3 -5
y = -3x - 3 3 -3 -9
y = -3x 6 0 -6

Y
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 X
1 2 3 4 5
-1
-2
-3
-4 y = -x - 32
-5
-6 y = -x - 3
-7
y = -3x
-8
-9
-10 y = -3x - 3
From the graphs, we can see that:

1. The graph for the equation y = -x - 32 is parallel to the graph for the equation y = -x - 3, because
“a” has the same value, -1.
2. The graph for the equation y = -3x - 3 is parallel to the graph for the equation y = -3x, because
“a” has the same value, -3.
3. The graph for the equation y = -3x passes through the origin (0, 0) because the value of b = 0.
4. The graphs for the equations y = -x - 3 and y = -3x - 3 intersect the Y axis at the same point
(0, -3), because “b” has the same value, -3.
5. The graphs for the equations y = -x - 32 , y = -x - 3 and y = -3x - 3 intersect the Y axis below
the X axis because “b” has negative value.
6. The graphs for the equations y = -3x and y = -3x - 3 have a greater slope than the graphs for
the equations y = -x - 32 and y = -x - 3, because |-3| has greater value than |-1|.
7. Every line makes an obtuse angle with the X axis because the value of a < 0.

Applying Two-Variable Linear Equations
6 and Graph Linear Relations
The graphs of the systems of equations will shown as follows:
1. The graphs of two equations can intersect at a point. That point will be the solution to the system
of equations, is written as an ordered pair.
Y
0 X
2. The graphs of two equations can be parallel to each other. There is no solution to the system of
equations.
Y
0 X
3. The graphs of two equations might look different but actually describe the same line. There is
an infinite number of solutions to the system of equations, they have all their points in common.
Y
0 X

ACTIVITY
What is the figure?
Description:
Draw the graphs of the following linear equations with two variables.
1. 4y - 11x = 24 2. 10y - 7x = -22
3. 4y + 11x = 24 4. 10y + 7x = -22
5. y = 2
What is the figure formed from the intersections of the graphs of these systems of linear
equations?
1. 4y - 11x = 24 2. 10y - 7x = -22 3. 4y + 11x = 24
x -4 0 x -4 6 x 0 4
y -5 6 y -5 2 y 6 -5
4. 10y + 7x = -22 5. y = 2
x -6 4 x -6 0 6
y 2 -5 y 2 2 2
Y
6 (0, 6)
(-6, 2) (6, 2)
2 (0, 2)
X
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
-2
-4
(-4, -5) (4, -5)
-6
Answer A star

EXERCISE 4
1. Draw the graphs of the following equations, using the same coordinate axis.
1) x + y = 4 and x - y = 1 Y
(-1, 5) 5
x + y = 4 → y = 4 - x 4 (0, 4) x-y=1
x - y = 1 → y = x - 1 (1, 3)
3
x -1 0 1 2
y=4-x 5 4 3 1
y=x-1 -2 -1 0 (1, 0) X
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-1 (0, -1) x+y=4
(-1, -2) -2
2) y = -2x and y = -2x + 5

Y
y = -2x + 5
x -1 0 1 y = -2x 8
y = -2x 2 0 -2 (-1, 7)
6
(0, 5)
y = -2x + 5 7 5 3 4
(1, 3)
(-1, 2) 2
(0, 0) X
-6 -4 -2 -2 2 4 6
0 (1, -2)
3) x - y = 5 and y - x = -5
Y
x-y=5 → y=x-5 2
x-y=5
y - x = -5 1
→ y = -5 + x y - x = -5
or y = x - 5 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
-1
X
-2
x -1 0 1 -3
y=x-5 -6 -5 -4 -4 (1, -4)
-5 (0, -5)
(-1, -6) -6

2. Draw the graphs of the following equations, using the same coordinate axis, and
describe their relations.
1) y = 2x + 1 and y = 2x - 3 Y
x -2 0 2 4
y = 2x + 1 -3 1 5
2 y = 2x - 3
y = 2x - 3 -7 -3 1
The graphs of the two equations -4 -2 0 2 4 X
are parallel to each other and 2
there is no solution to the y = 2x + 1
system of equations. 4
2) x + y = 18 and x - y = 8 Y
x + y = 18 → y = 18 - x
x + y = 18
x-y=8 → y=x-8 16
x 0 8 18 12
y = 18 - x 18 10 0 8
y=x-8 -8 0 10 (13, 5)
4
The graphs of the two equations
intersect at point (13, 5). 0 X
4 8 12 16 20
So, the solution to the system of -4
equations is (13, 5). x-y=8
3) y = 2x + 1 and y = -3x + 6
Y
x -2 -1 0 1 2 10
y = 2x + 1 -3 -1 1 3 5 y = 2x + 1
y = -3x + 6 8
y = -3x + 6 12 9 6 3 0
6
The graphs of the two equations
intersect at point (1, 3). 4
So, the solution to the system of (1, 3)
2
equations is (1, 3).
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 X

Summary and Review
1. Graph the relation between the given numbers.
(Example answers)
Diesel fuel (litres) 1 2 3 4 5
Price (baht) 25 50 75 100 125
Price (baht)
160
140
120 (5, 125)
100 (4, 100)
80
(3, 75)
60
(2, 50)
40
20 (1, 25)
Amount of diesel (litres)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

2. Draw the graphs showing the relation provided and answer the questions. Thanin drives with
a constant speed for 1 hour. Some data of time and distance is shown in the following table.
(Example answers)
Time (minutes) 10 20 30 40 50
Distance (kilometres) 20 40 60 80 100
Distance (kilometres)
100 (50, 100)
90
80 (40, 80)
70
60 (30, 60)
50
40 (20, 40)
30
20 (10, 20)
10
Time (minutes)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
1) How far does he drive after 25 minutes?

50 kilometres
2) If Thanin drives 120 kilometres, how much did he take?
60 minutes

3. From the sentence “Supatra has 8 fruits, either watermelon and papaya”.
Create an equation and draw the graph showing the relation. (Example answers)
x + y = 8
Number of watermelon (fruits) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Number of papaya (fruits) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Number of papaya (fruits)
7 (1, 7)
6 (2, 6)
5 (3, 5)
4 (4, 4)
3 (5, 3)
2 (6, 2)
1 (7, 1)
Number of watermelon
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (fruits)

4. Draw the graph of the equation y – 2x = 1, where x is any number from 1 up.
(Example answers)
x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 3 5 7 9 11 13
14
(6, 13)
12
(5, 11)
10
(4, 9)
8
(3, 7)
6
4
(1, 3)
2
X
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

5. Put a tick ✓ in front of the true statements and put a cross ✗ in front of the false statements.
✓ 1) y = 2x - 3 is a linear graph that intersects the Y axis at point (0, -3).
✓ 2) The graph of y = -3x + 4 is parallel to the graph of y + 3x = -5.
✓ 3) The graph of y +2 x = 1 makes an obtuse angle with the X axis.
✗ 4) The graph of -2y = -x + 3 makes an obtuse angle with the X axis.
✓ 5) The graphs of y = -2x + 4 and y = x + 4 intersect the Y axis at the same point.
✗ 6) y = 3x - 5 has a greater slope than y = -4x - 1.
✗ 7) The graph of y = 5 is parallel to the graph of x = 5.
✓ 8) The graphs of y = 4x - 5 and y = -2x - 5 intersect the Y axis at point (0, -5).
✓ 9) The equation y + 2x = 5 will pass point (5, -5).
✓ 10) The graphs of 2y = 4x and y = 2x - 3 cannot intersect each other.
6. Fill the answers in the table.
Angle made with the X axis The graph Pass Does not The graph
Graph of the is parallel through pass intersects
equation Acute Right Obtuse to the point through the Y axis
(0, 0) point (0, 0) at point
angle angle angle X axis
1) y = 3x 2+ 4 ✓ ✓ (0, 2)
2) y + 5x = 0 ✓ ✓ (0, 0)
3) 2y + 3x = 5 ✓ ✓ (0, 52 )
4) -y = x - 7 ✓ ✓ (0, 7)
5) 2y 2+ 3 = 2x ✓ ✓ (0, - 32 )
6) x = 5 ✓ ✓ does not
intersect
7) y = -7 ✓ ✓ (0, -7)

7. From the equations given, answer the questions.
➀ 2y = 2x - 9 ➃ 3y = 6x - 9
y - x = 2
➁ 5 ➄ 3x - y = 4
➂ -2y = 4x + 6 ➅ x = y + 2
1) The equations that the graphs are pararellel to each others are ➀, ➁ and ➅.
2) The equation that the graph makes an obtuse angle with the X axis is ➂.
3) The equations that the graphs intersect the Y axis at the same point are
➂ and ➃.
4) The equation that the graph create the greatest slope is ➄.
5) The equation that the graph intersects the Y axis above the X axis is ➁.
8. From the following graphs, answer the questions.
Y
3y = -3x + 6 6
y = -x + 2 y=x
4 y = 12 x + 2
2
y = 12 x - 2
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 X
-2
-4
1) The solution to the system of equations y = x and y = 12 x + 2 is (4, 4).

2) The solutions to the system of equations y = -x + 2 and 3y = -3x + 6 is
(x, -x + 2) with an infinite number of solutions.
3) The solution to the system of equations y = 12 x + 2 and y = 12 x - 2 is
no solution to the system of equations.
4) The solution to the system of equations y = -x + 2 and y = 12 x + 2 is
(0, 2).
5) (1, 1) is the solution to the system of equations y = x and y = -x + 2.

9. Draw the graphs of the following equations, using the same coordinate axis, and find the
solutions to the system of equations.
1) y = x - 3 and y = -6x + 4
Y
18
x -2 -1 0 1 2 16
14
y = x - 3 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
12
10
x -2 -1 0 1 2 8
y = -6x + 4 16 10 4 2 -8 6
4
The solution to the system of y = x 3
equations is (1, -2). 2
-12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
X
-2
-4 The solution to
the system of
-6 equations
-8
-10
y = 6x + 4
2) y = x + 1 and 2y = 2x + 2
x -2 -1 0 1 2 x -2 -1 0 1 2
y = x + 1 -1 0 1 2 3 2y = 2x + 2 1 0 1 2 3
Y
y=x+1
3
2y = 2x + 2
2
1
X
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-1
-2
The two graphs are the same line.

There is an infinite number of solutions in the form (x, x + 1).

3) y = x + 3 and y = x - 3
Y
5 y=x+3
x 2 -1 0 1 2
4
y=x+3 1 2 3 4 5
3
2
y=x-3
x -2 -1 0 1 2 1
y = x - 3 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 X
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
-1
The two graphs are parallel to one -2
another, no chance of intersection. -3
So, there is no solution to the system -4
of equations. -5
4) y = 5 - x and y = -x
3 3
x 8 5 2 -1 -4 x 6 3 0 -3 -6
y = 5 3- x -1 0 1 2 3 y = -x3 -2 -1 0 1 2
Y
7
6
5
y = 5 3- x 4
3
2
1
X
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-1
-2
-3 y = -x3
-4
-5
-6
-7
The two graphs are parallel to one another, with no intersection.

So, there is no solution to the system of equations.

26 - 30 Very good
21 - 25 Good
UNIT TEST 1 16 - 20
less than 16
Fair
Should be improved
I’ve got .......................….… marks.
PART 1
1. Which of the following ordered pairs represents the diagram provided?
1 x
2 y
3 z
Members of the first group Members of the second group
1 (x, 1), (y, 2), (z, 3) 2 (1, x), (2, y), (3, z)
3 (1, x), (y, 2), (3, z) 4 (x, 1), (2, y), (3, z)
2. Based on the diagram, which choice is correct?
1 10
2 20
3 30
Number of pens Price of pens (baht)
1 (1, 10) is read as the ordered pair one ten.
2 (2, 10) is read as the ordered pair two ten.
3 (3, 10) is read as the ordered pair three ten.
4 (3, 20) is read as the ordered pair three twenty.
3. Based on the diagram, which choice is correct?
1 3
2 6
3 9
4 12
Number of eggs Price of eggs (baht)
1 The price of 4 eggs is 9 baht. 2 The price of 3 eggs is 6 baht.
3 The price of 1 egg is 3 baht. 4 The price of 2 eggs is 3 baht.

4. From the graph, which choice is incorrect?
Price (baht)
5
4 B
(3, 4)
3 C
(5, 3)
2 A
(2, 2)
1 D
(4, 1)
0
1 2 3 4 5 6
Number of book (books)
1 Point A (2, 2) 2 Point B (3, 4)
3 Point C (5, 3) 4 Point D (1, 4)
5. Which ordered pair is not a point on the graph of the equation x + y = 5, where x and y
are counting numbers?
1 (1, 4) 2 (2, 3)
3 (4, 1) 4 (5, 0)
6. Which ordered pair is a point on the graph of the equation x + y = 5, where x and y are
any numbers greater than 0.
1 (2, 2) 2 (1 12 , 2)
3 (1 12 , 3 12 ) 4 (2 12 , 3)
7. From the graph, which choice is incorrect?
Y
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6
X
1 x is equal to 1, y is equal to 5.
2 x is equal to 2, y is equal to 4.
3 It is the graph of the equation x + y = 6, where x and y are any numbers greater than 0.
4 It is the graph of the equation x + y = 6, where x and y are counting numbers.

8. Using the same scale on the X and Y axes based on the points provided, and drawing a
straight line to connect the points in order, which of the following points will make an
isosceles triangle?
1 (1, 1), (2, 3), (5, 1) 2 (1, 1), (3, 3), (5, 1)
3 (0, 1), (3, 3), (5, 1) 4 (1, 1), (3, 3), (5, 0)
9. From the equation x - y = 2, where x is any number from 2 up, which of the following
graphs is correct?
1 Y 2 Y
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
0
1 2 3 4 5
X 0
1 2 3 4 5
X
3 Y 4 Y
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
0
1 2 3 4 5
X 0
1 2 3 4 5
X
10. From the equation x - y = 2, where x and y are counting numbers, which graph in question
9 is correct?
1 Graph 1 2 Graph 2
3 Graph 3 4 Graph 4
PART 2
1. Point A (-4, -5) is in quadrant 3 .
2. Point B (2, -3) is in quadrant 4 .
3. Point C (-7, 6) is in quadrant 2 .
4. Point D (8, 9) is in quadrant 1 .
5. Point E (-1, 9) is in quadrant 2 .
PART 3
Draw the following graphs. (5 marks each)
1. Graph of the ordered pairs: (Example answer)
(-4, 3), (-3, 0), (-5, -4), (3, 5), (6, -1), (0, -5)
Y
5 (3, 5)
4
(-4, 3) 3
1
(–3, 0)
X
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1
(6, -1)
-2
-3
(-5, -4) -4
-5 (0, -5)
-6
-7

2. Graph the equation x + y = 3, where x is any number from -3 up.
(Example answer)
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1
Y
(-3, 6) 6
(-2, 5) 5
(-1, 4) 4
3 (0, 3)
2 (1, 2)
1
2
(3, 0)
X
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
-1 (4, -1)
-2

3. Graph the equation y - 2x = 2, where x is any number.
(Example answer)
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y -2 0 2 4 6 8
8 (3, 8)
6 (2, 6)
4 (1, 4)
2 (0, 2)
1
(-1, 0)
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 X
1 2 3 4 5
-1
(-2, -2) -2

What animal do these coordinate make?
Draw a graph of the following ordered pairs by drawing a line that connects each point
in order, and draw a line connecting the first and the last point.
(3.5, 8.5), (3, 6), (4, 5.5), (5, 6), (4.5, 8.5), (3.5, 9), (1.5, 9), (0.5, 6),
(0.5, 3), (1.5, 3), (1.5, 5.5), (3, 5.5), (4, 5), (4, 1), (6, 1), (6, 4.5), (10, 4.5)
(10, 1), (12, 1), (12, 5), (12.5, 4), (13, 4), (11, 9), (5, 9)
10
(3.5, 9) (5, 9) (11, 9)
9 (1.5, 9)
(3.5, 8.5) (4.5, 8.5)
8
6 (0.5, 6) (3, 6) (4, 5.5) (5, 6)

(1.5, 5.5)
5 (3, 5.5) (4, 5) (12, 5)
(6, 4.5) (10, 4.5)
4 (13, 4)
(12.5, 4)
3 (0.5, 3) (1.5, 3)
1 (4, 1) (6, 1) (10, 1) (12, 1)
0 X
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Elephant
Build creative picture using graphs

Let the student build the learning media from graphs, and create pictures in graphs by
imagination.

18 - 20 Very good
14 - 17 Good
UNIT TEST 2 10 - 13
less than 10
Fair
Should be improved
I’ve got .......................….… marks.
PART 1
From the following graphs, answer questions 1-3.
Y
➀
➁ 4 1. Which equation is the graph number ➀?
2 1 y = 2x
-4 -2 0 2 4 X 2 y = -2x
-2 3 y = 2x + 1
-4 4 y = -2x + 1
2. Which equation is the graph number ➁?

1 y = -2 2 x = -2
3 y=2 4 x=2
3. What is the solution to the equations ➀ and ➁?
1 (4, 2) 2 (2, 4)
3 (-4, -2) 4 (-2, -4)
4. Which graph of the equation has the greatest slope? (making the greatest angle anticlockwise
with the X axis)
1 y - x = 15 2 y = 5x + 1
3 2y = 4x - 10 4 3y = 2x + 20
5. Find the solution to the following system of equations.
x - 5y = 15 ➀
3y = -x - 1 ➁
1 (-2, 5) 2 (5, -2)
3 (2, -5) 4 (-5, 2)
6. Which equation has the same solutions to the system of equation y = -x + 5?
1 2y - 2x = 10 2 x + 5 = 2(y + 10)
3 3(y + x) = 15 4 x-y=5

7. Which choice does not have the solution to the system of equations?
1 2x + 2y = 15 2 2.5x = 1.5y + 3.5
2x - 2y = 15 3y = 5x - 7
3 2x + 5y = 4 4 34 x = 2y - 9
y = -0.4x + 10 y = 5
8. Given the systems of linear equations 7x - 5y = 13
2x - 7y = 26
Find the value of 9x - 12y.
1 13 2 26
3 39 4 40
9. Given the system of linear equations 2x + y = 7
x - 4y = 4
What is the value of y?
1 - 53 2 -9
3 19 4 - 19
10. Consider the linear equations with two variables x + y = 12
x - y = 4
Which choice is correct?
1 No solution to the system of equations.
2 The solution to the system of equations is (8, 4).
3 The solutions to the system of equations are (8, 4) and (-8, -4).
4 There are more than 2 solutions to the system of equations.
PART 2
Fill the correct answers in the blanks. (1 mark each)
1. If x + y = 4 and x - y = 2, then, x = 3.
2. The intersecting point of the graphs of the equations y = 2x + 2 and y + x = -4 is
(-4, 0).
3. Given the system of equations x -3 1 + y = 6 and 5x - 3y = 5, then,
y = 5.
4. The solution to the system of equations y - x = 1 and y - x = 3 is
no solution to the system of equations.
5. The solution to the system of equations 2x - y = 1 and 4x - 7y = -3 is
(1, 1).
PART 3
From the following problems, show how to solve step-by-step.
1. Draw the graphs of the following system of equations, using the same coordinate axis, and
find the solution to the equations x - 2y = 4 and x + 2y = 8. (2 marks)
x - 2y = 4 → y = 12 x - 2 and Y
x + 2y = 8 → y = - 12 x + 4
4 x + 2y = 8
x 0 2 4 6 8
2 (6, 1)
y = 12 x - 2 -2 1 0 1 2
y = - 12 x + 4 4 3 2 1 0 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 X
The graphs of the system of -2 x - 2y = 4

equations intersect at point (6, 1). -4
So, the solution to the system of
2. Draw the graphs of the following system of equations, using the same coordinate axis, and find
the solution to the equations y = 2x + 2, y = 3x + 2, and y = -4x + 2. (3 marks)
y = 2x + 2 Y
-2 -1 0 y = -4x + 2
x 1 2 y = 3x + 2
y = 2x + 2 -2 0 2 4 6 10
y = 2x + 2
8
y = 3x + 2
6
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y = 3x + 2 -4 -1 2 5 8 4
y = -4x + 2 2 (0, 2)
x -2 -1 0 1 2 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
X
y = 4x + 2 10 6 2 -2 8 -2
The graphs of the system of equations -4
intersect at point (0, 2).
So, the solution to the system of -6

UNIT 3 VOCABULARY
Acute angle Parallel
มุมแหลม 1. ขนาน 2. เส้นขนาน
Anticlockwise Point
ทวนเข็มนาฬิกา จุด
Line graph The X-axis

กราฟเส้น แกน X หรือเส้นแนวนอนของกราฟ
Obtuse angle The Y-axis

มุมป้าน แกน Y หรือเส้นแนวตั้งของกราฟ
Ordered pairs Two-variable linear equation

คู่อันดับ (คู่ของสมาชิกที่มาจากเซต A และเซต B สมการเชิงเส้นสองตัวแปร (สมการที่อยู่ในรูปทั่วไปคือ
เขียนได้ในรูป (a, b) เรียก a ว่าสมาชิกตัวหน้าของ Ax + By + C = 0 เมื่อ A, B, C เป็นค่าคงที่ A, B
คู่อันดับ และเรียก b ว่า สมาชิกตัวหลังของคู่อันดับ) ไม่เป็นศูนย์พร้อมกัน และ x, y เป็นตัวแปร)
Origin Variable
จุดกำ�เนิด (จุดตัดของแกน x และแกน y ในระบบแกน ตัวแปร (สัญลักษณ์ที่ใช้แทนค่า ตัวเลข)
มุมฉาก หรือจุดแทนจำ�นวนศูนย์บนเส้นจำ�นวน)

04
UNIT
STATISTICS (1)
Learning Contents
Data Collection
Statistical Questions STATISTICS (1) Use of Statistics in

Real Life
Showing Data Using Data Presentation Showing Data Using

Tables and Interpretation Line Graphs
Showing Data Using Showing Data Using Showing Data Using

Pictograms Bar Charts Pie Charts
“Statistics” comes from the German word “Statistik”, which has the same root “State”.
This word was created by a German philosopher in A.D. 1749 which means the data can be used
to help the state government and the people.
Statistics is one of the mathematical techniques which aims to look at and use the collected
data. Statistics can be divided into 4 steps:
1. Data collection
2. Data presentation
3. Data analysis
4. Data interpretation
Statistics started when human began recording data. When compared to other mathematical
subjects, statistics is a new subject. During the 17th century, John Graunt from England made
mathematical concepts to use in statistical calculations of birth, deaths, marriages, insurance and
economics. Later on, his work was spread by William Petty and Edmund Halley.
Finding the data average can be called “Measures of Central Tendency” which Augustus
de Morgan, A.D. 1806 - 1871, thought that the arithmetic mean was the most suitable value to
represent all data. For median, G.T. Fechner studied and considered specific cases for the median.
Using median was more suitable than other averages when values of data were unusually high or low.
Mode was introduced in 1985 by Karl Pearson and G. Undy Yule. It was used for workers’ insurance.
Later on, statistics was used widely. It was not only used for data in government, but also for
economic and social, geographic, medical, educational and scientific experiments.
In daily life, we have to make decisions for ourselves, families, relatives, friends, and work.
Making decisions is different based on experience, individual beliefs, type of data, and accuracy of
the data. Only one set of data cannot be used to make decisions, but various data has to be looked
at. “Information” can be found from statistical methods through data collection, data presentation
and data analysis.
Unit 4 STATISTICS (1) 165

1 Statistical Questions
Definition
A statistical question is a question that requires the answer from the collection of various data. Usually
a statistical question will ask about a population of multiple people, events or things.
Example: Statistical Questions Example: Non-Statistical Questions

What time did the students in this class get What time did I get up this morning?
up this morning?
How many votes did the winning candidate for How many votes did the winning candidate
President of the Student Body receive in each for Student Body President receive this year?
of the past 20 years?
What were the high temperatures in all of the What was the high temperatures in Mexico
Latin American capitals today? City today?
EXERCISE 1
Determine if the question is a statistical question (Yes) or not (No).
Answers
1) How many cars are in each driveway on your street? Yes
2) How many cars are in your driveway? No
3) How many boxes of candy did each student sell? Yes
4) How many cities had more than 2 inches of snow? No
5) How many girls are in your class? No
6) How many leaves did each branch have on it? Yes
7) How many presidents were under 50 when inaugurated? No
8) How many times did you eat lunch this month? No
9) How many apps do your classmates have on their phones? Yes

Answers
10) How many branches does the oak tree have? No
11) How many cars were sold each day this month? Yes
12) How many people in the office are wearing ties? No
13) How many cars were sold this month? No
14) How much money did the different classes earn? Yes
15) How many brothers does each classmate have? Yes
16) How many pets does each person on your block own? Yes
17) How old is the painting, ‘The Mona Lisa’? No
18) What were the students’ scores for the math test? Yes
2 Data Collection
Data is a collection of information. When classifying the data by the collection method, there
are 2 types, Primary data and Secondary data.
Primary data is data that the user needs to collect directly from the source of data. Primary data
is collected by interviews, telephone questionnaires, measurements or experiments. Examples of
primary data are a census or a survey from the sample group. A census is a collection of data from
a population on what we want to study. A survey is from the sample group from some selected
representatives of a population. A census includes all members, but a survey only includes some
members.
Secondary data is data that the user doesn’t need to collect directly from the source of data
but gets it from other data such as planning, management or other purposes. We can take collected
data to use for other purposes without wasting time collecting it again.
Data used for planning and making decisions can be divided into 2 types: quantitative
data and qualitative data. The quantitative data is the data about sizes or quantities that can be
measured with numbers for direct comparison. For example, the number of school students in different
classes, or the average number of ninth grade students per classroom. The qualitative data cannot be
measured directly with numbers but it can be measured with qualities e.g. gender of school students,
marital status of employees.

In 2007, there was a census survey on the Asean population. It was found that Singapore’s
population was the densest in this region and its island population was the densest in the world too.
3 Data Presentation and Interpretation

We use math when we want to research a topic and collect data. After we collect data, it is
important to organise it. Tables, pictograms, bar charts, pie charts, and line graphs help us show
and see the data clearly.
3.1 Showing Data Using Tables

Showing data using tables is one method Score Mark
of presentation. It is used when there is a single
source of data. Data can be organised by grouping 28 |
and then writing it in a table. 25 ||
There are 30 students. The marks are as 24 |||
follows: 21 18 25 28 20 22 24 18 18 20 23 |
20 19 19 20 21 24 18 15 18 18 19 25 22 |
24 19 19 18 20 20 23 15.
21 ||
Use the results from the examination to
20 | | | | |
group the number of students according to each
score. (Assign the students to mark and show the 19 ||||
number of students who got the following scores: 18 | | | | | |
23, 20, and 19.) 15 ||

The ratio and percent of test marks
Score Students The table is called a data table.
28 1 There are many different kinds of tables.
25 2 Tables should be simple, easy to use, and the
data should be easy to read.
24 3
A data table should have 3 major parts:
23 1
1. Name or title which tells the reader what
22 1
the data represents, where it is from or when it
21 2 happened. The title is placed above the table.
20 6 2. The table shows the data in relation to the
19 5 table name or title.
18 7 3. The source of the data collection at the
15 2 bottom of the table to inform the reader where
total 30 the data is from.
Look at the number of students at three different levels of education who attended a mathematical
contest in the academic year B.E. 2554.
Region Numbers of Students total

Primary school Junior high school Senior high school
Bangkok 1,343 1,124 493 2,960

Northern 1,509 717 340 2,566
Northeastern 774 776 324 1,874
Central 1,407 739 398 2,544
Southern 727 516 219 1,462
total 5,760 3,872 1,774 11,406
Use the table to answer the following questions.

1. Which region and which education level had the highest number of students who attended
the contest?
Northern region, primary school
2. What are the total number of students for each education level?
There are 5,760 students from primary school, 3,872 students from junior high school and
1,774 students from senior high school.
3. Sort the type of schools by ascending order by the number of students who attended the contest.
Senior high school Junior high school Primary school
4. Which region and which education level had the lowest number of students who attended
the contest?
Southern region, senior high school
5. How many students attended the contest in total?

11,406 students
3.2 Showing Data Using Pictograms

A pictogram is a method of using pictures to show data. Data can be seen quickly, for example,
a picture of one person could represent 5 million people. In the chart below, a picture of a book
represents 100 books. Half of a picture of a book represents 50 books.
The result of a book survey in a school library showed the following kinds of books:
Thai books 800
English books 250
Mathematics books 550
Science books 500
Novels 400
1 book picture represents 100 books. We can present the above data using a pictogram as
follows:
Book Quantities in a School Library
Thai books
English books
Mathematics books
Science books
Novels
represents 100 books.

From the pictogram, answer the following questions:
1) Which book has the most amount? Thai book
2) Which book has the least amount? English book
3) How many times more mathematics books are there than English books?
2.2 times
4) How many books are there in total? 2,500 books
3.3 Showing Data Using Bar Charts

A bar chart is a method of using rectangles, called bars, to show data. The bars differ in length
based on the quantity of data. Bar charts can be presented vertically or horizontally and the bars can
be different colours or shapes to improve visibility. Numbers should be written at the top of each bar
to show the quantity of the data clearly.
Example 1
The population of Thailand by each region (unit: people) can be shown as follows:
Bangkok 7,642,000 Northeastern 21,448,000
Central (excluding Bangkok) 13,457,000 Southern 8,335,000
Northern 11,744,000
Show the data using a bar chart.
Population of Thailand by Region
Population (millions)
25
21.448
20
15 13.457
11.744
10 8.335
7.642
0 Region
Bangkok Central Northern Northeastern Southern

A horizontal version
Region
Southern 8.335
Northeastern 21.448
Northern 11.744
Central 13.457
Bangkok 7.642
Population (Millions)
0 5 10 15 20 25
Source: Population Information of Mahidol University
Example 2
Draw a bar chart to show the comparison of soybean productivity in B.E. 2551 and
B.E. 2552 between the following countries.
Soybean productivity of major countries
Country (per million tonnes)
B.E. 2551 B.E. 2552
USA 80.5 80.7

Brazil 59.9 57.0
Argentina 46.2 32.0
China 15.5 15.5
India 9.0 9.1
Paraguay 6.8 3.9

Soybean Productivity of Major Countries
Productivity (Million tonnes)
90 B.E. 2551
80 80.5 80.7
B.E. 2552
70
60 59.9
57
50 46.2
40
32
30
20 15.5 15.5
10 9 9.1
6.8
3.9
0 Country
USA Brazil Argentina China India Paraguay
Source: Reported by the Food & Agriculture Organisation of the UN and U.S.
Department of Agriculture
Tips for making bar charts

1. Use a proper ratio for the bar lengths. Consider the range of the data and determine
the best ratio for the scale.
2. If the data has a high value or if a detailed reading is needed, the numbers should
be written to indicate the bar length.
3. When using a bar chart to show more than 1 kind of data, the bars should be
coloured to show the difference of data. The values of the different colours must be given.
4. Bar charts are not often used if there are multiple forms of data.
5. The title must be at the top of the bar chart to explain the chart. The source should
show where the data comes from.

EXERCISE 2
1. The number of freshmen in B.E. 2552 of Kasetsart University is as follows: Bangkhen
Campus had 5,421 freshmen, Kamphaeng Saen Campus had 1,281 freshmen, Sriracha
Campus had 1,491 freshmen, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus had
680 freshmen, and Suphan Buri Campus had 320 freshmen. Show the data as a table
and determine the total number of freshmen.
Campus Number of freshmen in

B.E. 2552 (people)
Bangkhen 5,421
Kamphaeng Saen 1,281
Sriracha 1,491
Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province 680
Suphan Buri 320
Total 9,193
2. The table below shows the number of the eighth grade students who like to play various
kinds of sports.
Sport Numbers of students

(people)
Football 65
Basketball 45
Volleyball 40
Table tennis 30
Given that shows 10 students, present the above data in a pictogram.

Number of the Eighth Grade Students who Like to Play the Various Kinds of Sports
Football
Basketball
Volleyball
Table tennis
Picture of represents 10 students.
3. The Office of the Civil Service Commission (OCSC) surveys the numbers of students
who studied abroad in B.E. 2553. The survey results show that there are students
in three countries: 1,548 students in the USA, 1,319 students in the United
Kingdom and 541 students in Japan. Show this data using a bar chart.
(Source: The Office of the Civil Service Commission (OCSC))
Number of Students who Studied Abroad Under the Responsibility of the Office
of the Civil Service Commission (OCSC) in B.E. 2553
Countries
Japan 541
the United Kingdom 1,319
USA 1,548
Number of students
500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000
Source: The Office of the Civil Service Commission (OCSC)

3.4 Showing Data Using Pie Charts
A pie chart is a method of using the area of a circle to show data. A pie chart is created by
separating the area of a circle into smaller sections according to the values of the data. It is done by
separating the angles at the centre of the circle and is presented by changing the data using the ratio
of 1% of the data equal to 3.6 degrees of the circle. This is because a full circle has 360 degrees,
which is equal to 100% of the data.
Example 3
School activity Students (Percent)
The percentage of the eighth grade students Mathematics 40
that participated in the school’s activities are Science 30
categorised by subjects. Music 20
Art 10
Show the data using a pie chart.

Solution Compare the percentage to the degrees given that 1% is equal to 3.6 degrees.
School activity Students (Percent) Size of angle (Degree)

Mathematics 40 40 × 3.6 = 144
Science 30 30 × 3.6 = 108
Music 20 20 × 3.6 = 72
Art 10 10 × 3.6 = 36
Total 100 360
Create a pie chart using the percentage and Science 30%

the degree of a circle’s angle:
The percentage of the eighth grade students Mathematics Art 10%
that participated in the school’s activities are 40% Music
categorised by subjects. 20%

Example 4
The Monthly Expenses of Mr.Den Jaidee
Sa
vin
gs Food 30%
5%
Clothing 20%
10% Business
investment
House installment
35%
Mr.Den Jaidee has a monthly income of 15,000 baht. Use the above pie chart to answer
the following questions:
1. What is Mr.Den’s biggest expense and how much is it in baht?
2. How much more does Mr.Den spend on food than he does on clothing in baht?
3. How much money does Mr.Den save per month?
4. How much money does Mr.Den invest in business per month?
Solution 100% is equal to the total amount of 15,000 baht,
1% is equal to the total amount of 15,000
100 × 1 = 150 baht,
x is 1% of Mr.Den’s monthly income,
Therefore, 1 = x
100 15,000
100x = 15,000
100x 15,000
100 = 100
x = 150 baht
1% is equal to 150 baht.
Expense Percent Amount (baht)
1. Food 30 30 × 150 = 4,500
2. Business investment 10 10 × 150 = 1,500
3. House installment 35 35 × 150 = 5,250
4. Clothing 20 20 × 150 = 3,000
5. Savings 5 5 × 150 = 750
Total 100 15,000

1. His biggest expense is house installment at 5,250 baht.
2. He spends 4,500 baht per month on food and 3,000 baht on clothing
4,500 - 3,000 = 1,500. He spends 1,500 baht more on food than he does on clothing.
3. He saves 750 baht per month.
4. He invests 1,500 baht per month in business.
Example 5
This pie chart shows the average daily income of a department store categorised by
department:
Supermarket
52.2%
6.4%
Cosmetic
20% 7.4%
Clothing 14%
Stationery
Electronics
On average, the department store makes 160,500 baht per day. Use the pie chart to
answer the following questions:
1. Which department generates the least amount of income? How much is it in baht?
2. Is the combined total income of clothing and cosmetics departments greater or
less than the combined total income of stationery and electronics departments?
What is the difference in baht?
3. Is the combined total income of cosmetics and stationery departments greater or
less than the supermarket? What is the difference in baht?
4. What is the difference between the highest and the lowest incomes in baht?

Solution
Department Percent Income (baht)

Supermarket 52.2 52.2 × 160,500 = 83,781
100
Clothing 20 20
100 × 160,500 = 32,100
Electronics 14 14
100 × 160,500 = 22,470
Stationery 7.4 7.4
100 × 160,500 = 11,877
Cosmetics 6.4 6.4
100 × 160,500 = 10,272
Total 100 160,500
1. The cosmetics department generates the least amount of income with 10,272 baht.
2. The combined amount of income from the clothing and cosmetic departments is
equal to 20 + 6.4 = 26.4% or 32,100 + 10,272 = 42,372 baht.
The combined amount of income from the stationery and electronics departments
is equal to 7.4 + 14 = 21.4% or 11,877 + 22,470 = 34,347 baht.
The combined amount of income from the clothing and cosmetic departments is
greater than sum from the stationery and electronics departments by
26.4 - 21.4 = 5% or 42,372 - 34,347 = 8,025 baht or 1005 × 160,500 = 8,025 baht.
3. The combined amount of income from the cosmetics and stationery departments is
equal to 11,877 + 10,272 = 22,149 baht.
The combined amount of income from the cosmetics and stationery departments is
less than supermarket department, which is equal to 83,781 - 22,149 = 61,632 baht.
4. The difference between the income of the supermarket department and the income
of the cosmetics department is 83,781 - 10,272 = 73,509 baht.

Example 6
Create a pie chart to show the number of high school students who use the services of the
nurse room.
Headache 150 people Diarrhea 180 people Flu 108 people
Fever 30 people Injury 132 people
Before creating the pie chart, you must calculate the percent (%) and the angle size of
the circle’s centre in degrees as follows:
Problem Number of Percent Angle Size of the

Students (people) Circle’s Centre (degrees)
Headache 150 150 × 100 = 25 25 × 3.6 = 90
600
Diarrhea 180 180 × 100 = 30 30 × 3.6 = 108
600
Flu 108 108 × 100 = 18 18 × 3.6 = 64.8
600
Fever 30 30 × 100 = 5 5 × 3.6 = 18
600
Injury 132 132 × 100 = 22 22 × 3.6 = 79.2
600
Total 600 100 360
Show the above data as a pie chart:

Number of High School Students who Use the Services of the Nurse Room
Headache
25%
Flu 18%
Diarrhea
Injury 22%
30%
5%
Fever

Example 7
Below are the number of the patients who died from AIDS as reported by the World Health
Organization in B.E. 2552.
Country Region Number of Deaths

(thousands)
Middle East and North Africa 24
East Asia 36
Caribbean 12
Western and Central Europe 8.5
North America 26
1. Show the data using a bar chart:

Number of the Patients who Died from AIDS
Number of deaths (thousands)
50
40
36
30
26
24
20
12
10 8.5
0 Country region
Middle East East Asia Caribbean Western and North
and North Central America
Africa Europe
Source: World Health Organization

2. Show the data in a form of a pie chart:
Country region Number of the Deaths Percent Angle Size of the

(thousands) Circle’s Centre (degrees)
Middle East
and North Africa 24 23 23 × 3.6 = 82.8
East Asia 36 34 34 × 3.6 = 122.4
Caribbean 12 11 11 × 3.6 = 39.6
Western and
Central Europe 8.5 8 8 × 3.6 = 28.8
North America 26 24 24 × 3.6 = 86.4
Total 106.5 100 360
Number of the Patients who Died from AIDS
North America
East Asia
24%
34%
23%
11% Middle East and North Africa
8%
Caribbean
Western and Central Europe

EXERCISE 3
1. Look at the following pie chart:
Number of Students who Borrow Books from the Keng Wicha School Library
bookrnational
s 15%
Journals
30%
Inte
Novels
20%
Textbooks
35%
Referring to the chart, if 1,200 students have borrowed books, find:

1) Which kind of book is the most borrowed and how many students borrowed it?
The most borrowed book by the students is the textbook.
The number of students who borrowed the textbook is
35 = x = 35 × 1,200 = 420 students.
100 1,200 100
2) Which kind of book is the least borrowed and how many students borrowed it?
The least borrowed book by the students is the international book.
The number of students who borrowed the international book is
15 x 15 × 1,200 = 180 students.
100 = 1,200 = 100
3) Is the combined total number of students who borrowed the international books and
novels greater or less than the number who borrowed journals? What is the difference?
It is greater by 60 students.
4) Is the combined total number of students who borrowed textbooks and international
books greater or less than the combined total number of students who borrowed
journals and novels? What is the difference?
They are equivalent at 600 students.

2. A pie chart showing the favourite flavours of milk of primary school students in
Bangkok
Favourite Flavours of Milk of Primary School Students in Bangkok
Natural flavoured milk

35% Yogurt
flavoured milk
20%
flav Othe
Sw red m
ou
eet ilk 1
Chocolate flavoured
ene 0%
milk 30%
d
rs 5%
Answer the following questions using the pie chart:

1) Which flavour is the most popular?
Natural flavour
2) Calculate the angle for the students who like yogurt flavoured milk.
20 × 3.6 = 72 degrees
3) Calculate the difference in angle between the students who like the sweetened
flavoured milk and the other flavoured milk.
Sweetened flavoured milk is equal to 36 degrees, and the other flavour is equal to
18 degrees. The difference is 36 - 18 = 18 degrees.
4) If this school has 500 students in total, how many students like the natural flavoured
milk?
35 x 35 × 500 = 175 students
100 = 500 , x = 100
5) If 240 students like the chocolate flavoured milk, how many students does this school have
in total?
30 240 240 × 100 = 800 students
100 = x , x = 30

3. A pie chart showing the number of books a store sold in 1 month
Number of Books a Store Sold in 1 Month
General
textbooks
Novels
23%
Textbooks
32%
Comics
Answer the following questions using the pie chart:

1) Which is the best selling book and by how much percent?
Textbooks at 32%
2) What percentage of the comic books and general textbooks are sold?
The pie chart shows that the angle for comic books is equal to 90 degrees
90 = 25%.
= 3.6
The circle has 100%.
Therefore, general textbooks sold = 100 - 25 - 32 - 23 = 20% of the total.
The comic books and general textbooks sold 25% and 20% of the
total number, respectively.
3) If the bookstore sold 54,000 baht worth of general textbooks, how much money was
made from selling all the books? How many more textbooks were sold than the comic
books?
Solution: The bookstore can sell 54,000 baht worth of general textbooks,
equal 20% of the total books.
That is 100 baht gets 20 baht.
The total amount x baht gets 54,000 baht.
20 = 54,000
100 x
x = 270,000 baht
Therefore, all of the books sold for 270,000 baht.
32 =
It means that the textbooks are sold for 100 a
270,000
a = 86,400 baht.
The comic books are sold for 25 = b
100 270,000
b = 67,500 baht.
Therefore, the textbooks are sold for 86,400 - 67,500 = 18,900 baht more
than the comics.
4. Answer the questions using the following pie chart.
Numbers of Students who Joined the School Activities at Roumjai School
Science
540 students
Mathematics Ar
720 studt e180
students nts
Music 360
students
1) How many students in total are at Roumjai School?

1,800 students
2) What percentage of students joined mathematics?
How many degrees is this on the pie chart?
Mathematics is equal to x = 720 , x = 40% of the total students,
100 1,800
which is equal an angle of 40 × 3.6 = 144 degrees.
3) How many times greater is the number of students who joined mathematics than the
number of students who joined art?
4 times
4) What percentage of students joined science? How many degrees is this angle?
30% of the total students, which is equal to 108 degrees
5) How many more students joined science than music in terms of percentage?
More than 10%
5. A survey of Tuk-tuk drivers’ favourite sports shows: 1,180 like boxing, 640 like
football, 40 like horse racing and 140 like snooker. Show this data using a pie chart.
Boxing 1,180 people = 59% equal to 212.4 degrees
Football 640 people = 32% equal to 115.2 degrees
Snooker 140 people = 7% equal to 25.2 degrees
Horse racing 40 people = 2% equal to 7.2 degrees
Tuk-tuk Drivers’ Favourite Sports
Boxing 1,180 people
Football 640 people

Snooker 140 people
Horse racing 40 people

3.5 Showing Data Using Line Graphs
A line graph is a method of showing trends in data. The data is clear and easy to understand.
Also, the relationships of the data can be easily seen to forecast and plan.
Example 8
Below is the amount of money Songserm Trading Company made exporting corn from B.E.
2549 to B.E. 2553.
Years
Product 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553
Corn 2,500 2,000 1,500 3,000 2,000
(in billion baht)
Show the data using a line graph and answer the following questions:
1. In which year did the company make equal amounts of money?
2. In which years did the amount of money decrease?
3. In which years did the amount of money increase?
4. How much less is the export revenue in B.E. 2553 than in B.E. 2552?
Solution Because the minimum corn export is 1,500 billion baht, the Y-axis is scaled to
show the data neatly and clearly.
Amount of Money Songserm Trading Company Made Exporting Corn

from B.E. 2549 to B.E. 2553
1. B.E. 2550 and B.E. 2553 have equal
Revenue (billion baht)
revenues.
3,000 2. There are 3 years when the export
revenue decreased: from B.E. 2549 to
2,500 B.E. 2550, from B.E. 2550 to B.E. 2551
2,000 and from B.E. 2552 to B.E. 2553.
3. The export revenue increased from
1,500
B.E. 2551 to B.E. 2552.
0 B.E. 4. The export revenue in B.E. 2553 is
2549 2550 2551 2552 2553
3,000 - 2,000 = 1,000 billion baht less
than in B.E. 2552.

Example 9
Products Sold in a Store from B.E. 2548 to B.E. 2553
Product quantity
26,000
24,000
Product 1
22,000 Product 2
20,000
18,000
0 B.E.
2548 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553
Use the line graph to answer the following questions:

1. Which year had the lowest sales for product 1?
2549
2. Which year had the highest sales for product 2?
2553
3. Which year had the biggest difference in sales between the two products?
2550
4. In which year was product 2’s sales greater than product 1’s?
2549
5. What is the difference in product 1’s and product 2’s sales in B.E. 2551?
2,000 carton boxes
6. Which product sold the most in total?
Product 1

EXERCISE 4
1. Create a line graph showing the amount of money Apornlerd Factory made
exporting women’s clothing from B.E. 2548 to B.E. 2553.
Year 2548 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553
Revenue 2.9 4.5 3.0 2.5 5.0 8.4
(million baht)
The Amount of Money Apornlerd Factory Made Exporting Women’s Clothing

from B.E. 2548 to B.E. 2553
Revenue (million baht)
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0 Years
2548 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553
2. Create a line graph showing the number of mathematics undergraduate students

at a university from B.E. 2548 to B.E. 2553.
Year 2548 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553
Number of 10 14 24 30 45 56
students
Number of Mathematics Undergraduate Students at a University

from B.E. 2548 to B.E. 2553

Number of students
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2548 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553 Years
3. Answer the questions using the following line graph.
Number of Cars Sold by Brand B from B.E. 2548 to B.E. 2553

Number of cars sold
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0 B.E.
2548 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553
1) In which year were the most cars sold? B.E. 2550

How many were sold? 4,000 cars
2) In which year were the least amount of cars sold? B.E. 2552
How many were sold? 1,000 cars
3) From B.E. 2548 to B.E. 2550, did the sales increase or decrease?
Increase
4) In which year were more than 2,000 cars sold?
B.E. 2550, B.E. 2551 and B.E. 2553
5) How many cars were sold from B.E. 2548 to B.E. 2553?
14,000 cars
4. This line graph shows the number of high school students who passed and failed
a university admission examination from B.E. 2549 to B.E. 2553.
Numbers of High School Students that Passed or Failed a University

Admission Examination from B.E. 2549 to B.E. 2553
Percent
80
70
60
50 Pass
40 Fail
30
20
10
0 B.E.
2549 2550 2551 2552 2553
Source: Education consultant department of a school
Answer the following questions using the line graph.

1) In which year did the least number of students pass the examination?
B.E. 2550
2) What is the percentage of students in the year that had the most fails?
45 percent
3) Which year shows the biggest difference between students who passed and failed?
2553 with the difference of approximately 40 percent
4) What is the difference between the number of students who failed in B.E. 2551 and B.E.
2553?
10 percent
5) What do you think will be the trend of the number of students who pass over the next few
years?
The number of students passing the university admission examination in the next
few years will increase.

4 Use of Statistics in Real Life
Every time a survey is conducted, statistics will be used to collect, analyse and interpret the data
in order to draw the conclusion. It can be used in scientific studies, surveys, or any works in which
data will be used. Statistics are very important tools in many field such as research and development,
marketing strategy, and even in our daily life, for example, industry and business, agriculture, forestry,
and sport.
Industry and Business

Statistics can be used for collecting
information on income, expense and
savings for the future plan, evaluating
budgets for a new product, and analysing
the sales to compare with the competitor.

Agriculture
Statistics plays a role in helping
farmers to calculate the amount of crop
and make a decision on their crop based
on the data collection, for example, crop
productivity, weather, and quality and size
of grains.
Forestry
In forestry, statistics can be used for
comparing and analysing the forest growth
rates and the type of species in the forest.
Sports
Statistics helps record the player’s
information and analyse the data
for comparing performance in the
competition and suggesting the
improvement.

Summary and Review
The table shows the number of foreign visitors to Thailand in B.E. 2552 and B.E. 2553,
by nationalities. Use the below table to answer the following questions:
Nationality Number of Visitors

B.E. 2552 B.E. 2553
Japanese 1,004,453 984,763

Malaysian 1,757,813 1,962,629
Singaporean 563,575 579,105
English 841,425 818,303
French 427,067 458,292
American 627,074 620,496
1. Which year and which country had the highest number of visitors?
How many visitors were there?
2. Which nationality had an increase of 2.52% from B.E. 2552 to B.E. 2553?
3. Was the number of Japanese tourists in B.E. 2553 higher or lower than in B.E. 2552?
What is the difference in percentage?
4. What are the total number of visitors to Thailand in B.E. 2552 and the total number of visitors in
B.E. 2553? Did the number increase or decrease in B.E. 2553?
5. Create a bar chart using the data from the table.
6. Create a pie chart for B.E. 2552 and another pie chart for B.E. 2553 using the data from
the table.
7. Create a line graph comparing the number of visitors in B.E. 2552 to B.E. 2553.

1. B.E. 2553, Malaysia, 1,962,629 people
2. Malaysian, increased by 2.52%
3. Lower, decreased by 1.08%
4. B.E. 2552 5,221,407 people
B.E. 2553 5,423,588 people
Increased 5,423,588 - 5,221,407 = 202,181 people
5. Number of Foreign Visitors to Thailand in B.E. 2552 and B.E. 2553
Number of tourists B.E. 2552
B.E. 2553
2,500,000
1,962.629
1,757,813
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,004,453
984,763
841,425
818,303
627,074
1,000,000
620,496
579,105
563,575
458,292
427,067
500,000
0 Nationality
Japanese Malaysian Singaporean English French American
6. Number of Foreign Visitors to Thailand in B.E. 2552
American 12.01% Japanese 19.24%
French 8.18%
English 16.11%
Malaysian 33.67%
Singaporean 10.79%

Number of Foreign Visitors to Thailand in B.E. 2553
American 11.44% Japanese 18.16%

French 8.45%
English 15.09%
Malaysian 36.19%
Singaporean 10.68%
7. Number of Foreign Visitors to Thailand in B.E. 2552 and B.E. 2553
Number of visitors
2,500,000
2,000,000 B.E. 2552

B.E. 2553
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
0 Nationality
Japanese Malaysian Singaporean English French American

22 - 25 Very good
18 - 21 Good
UNIT TEST 14 - 17
Less than 14
Fair
Should be improved
I’ve got .......................….… marks.
PART 1
Expenses of a Company
Raw materials
Administration costs 20%

35% Operation costs
10%
5%
Electricity and water costs
Transportation costs
Given that the total expenses are 4,000,000 baht. Use the above chart to answer questions 1-4.
1. What is the cost of raw materials?
1 120,000 baht 2 300,000 baht
3 1,200,000 baht 4 3,000,000 baht
2. Which statement is correct?
1 Administration cost is 10% greater than transportation cost.
2 Material cost is the biggest expense of this company.
3 The administration, electricity and water costs combined is less than the cost of raw materials.
4 The cost of electricity and water for this company is equal to 400,000 baht.
3. What is the proportion of expenses from the administration and transportation costs
compared to the total cost?
1 34 2 35
3 14 4 15

4. What percentage and how much baht greater are the material costs than the cost of
electricity and water?
1 30%, 1,200,000 baht 2 20%, 800,000 baht
3 15%, 600,000 baht 4 10%, 400,000 baht
Death Rate by Diseases in B.E. 2551 and B.E. 2552

Number of deaths (thousand)
60 B.E. 2551
54.7 56.0
50 B.E. 2552
43.5
41.2
40
30
20
11.4
10 6.5 6.3 7.0
2.1 1.6 2.5 2.4
0 Disease
Heart All kinds Tuberculosis Pneumonia Malaria Diarrhea
attack of cancers
Use the above bar chart to answer questions 5-6.

5. Which disease had the biggest difference in the number of deaths between B.E. 2551 and
B.E. 2552? What was the difference?
1 Tuberculosis, 6,800 people were different.
2 Pneumonia, 4,400 people were different.
3 Malaria, 500 people were different.
4 Diarrhea, 100 people were different.
6. Which disease had the smallest difference in the number of deaths between B.E. 2551
and B.E. 2552? What was the difference?
1 Tuberculosis, 200 people 2 Pneumonia, 4,400 people
3 Malaria, 500 people 4 Diarrhea, 100 people

A school has a total of 450 students who like the following sports.
Sport Number of Students
Basketball 25
Volleyball 75
Table tennis 125
Football 225
Total 450
Use the above table to answer the question 7-8.
7. What percentage of students like volleyball?
3 20 percent 4 25 percent
8. What percentage of students that like football are students who like basketball?
3 11.11 percent 4 20 percent
Number of Cars Sold from B.E. 2549 - B.E. 2553
B.E. 2549
B.E. 2550
B.E. 2551
B.E. 2552
B.E. 2553
Given represents 1,000 cars.

9. From the pictogram, which statement is correct?
1 11,200 cars were sold from B.E. 2549 to B.E. 2553.
2 2,500 more cars were sold in B.E. 2552 than in B.E. 2550.
3 1,000 more cars were sold in B.E. 2552 than in B.E. 2549.
4 100 fewer cars were sold in B.E. 2553 than in B.E. 2551.
10. From the pictogram, how many cars were sold from B.E. 2549 to B.E. 2553?
1 12,500 2 12,000
3 11,500 4 11,000
Use the following line graph to answer the questions 11-15.
The Comparison of Mr.Prayud’s Income and

Expense from January to June in B.E. 2553
Amount (baht)
11,000
10,000 income
expense
9,000
8,000
0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Month
11. From January to April, is the income greater or less than the expenses and by how many
baht?
1 The income is 1,500 baht greater than the expenses.
2 The income is 2,000 baht less than the expenses.
3 The expenses are 1,500 baht greater than the income.
4 The expenses are 2,000 baht less than the income.

12. In which month is there the biggest difference between income and expenses?
1 January 2 February
3 April 4 June
13. In which month are the income and expenses equal?
1 January 2 April
3 May 4 June
14. What is the difference in percentage between the income and expenses in May?
1 1.12 2 2.11
3 3.10 4 4.5
15. What is the difference between income and expenses over the 6-month period?
PART 2
Fill the correct answer in the blanks. (1 mark each)
Number of People who Donated to Support the Southern
Schools’ Victims of Fire
Amount (baht) Number of Donators
120 - 164 102

165 - 209 135
210 - 254 228
255 - 299 301
300 - 344 194
345 - 389 40
From the above table, answer the questions 1-2.

1. What percentage of people donated less than 209 baht?
Answer 23.7 percent
2. How many people donated between 165 and 300 baht?
Answer 664 people

Birth Rate and Death Rate from B.E. 2548 to B.E. 2552
Numbers (thousand people)
20
15 13.0
Birth rate
12.7 12.7 12.4 12.1
Death rate
10
6.4 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.2
5
0 B.E.
2548 2549 2550 2551 2552
From the bar chart, answer the questions 3-8.

3. Which year had the biggest difference between birth and death rates?
Answer B.E. 2548
4. Which year had the smallest difference between birth and death rates?
Answer B.E. 2552
5. Which year had the highest birth rate?
Answer B.E. 2548
6. Which year had the lowest death rate?
Answer B.E. 2549 and B.E. 2552
7. In which years are the death rates equal?
Answer B.E. 2549 and B.E. 2552, B.E. 2550 and B.E. 2551
8. What is the difference between the B.E. 2552 birth and death rates?
Answer 5,900 people

Number of a University’s Undergraduate Students
Year 2
25%
Year 3 20%
40%
15% Year 1
Year 4
Given that this university has 10,500 graduate students in total, answer the following questions:
9. How many more students are there in year 1 than year 4?
Answer 2,625 people
10. How many fewer students are there in year 3 than year 2?
Answer 525 people

UNIT 4 VOCABULARY
Bar chart Primary data
แผนภูมิที่ประกอบด้วยรูปสี่เหลี่ยมผืนผ้าที่มี ข้อมูลปฐมภูมิ
ความยาวของแต่ละแท่งแปรตามขนาดของข้อมูล
แต่ความกว้างเท่ากัน (แท่งเหล่านี้อาจเรียงตาม Qualitative data
แนวตั้งหรือแนวนอนก็ได้) ข้อมูลเชิงคุณภาพ
Census Quantitative data

การสำ�รวจจำ�นวนประชากร ข้อมูลเชิงปริมาณ
Data Secondary data

ข้อมูล ข้อมูลดิบ ข้อมูลทุติยภูมิ
Data collection Source

การรวบรวมข้อมูล แหล่งข้อมูล
Data table Statistics

ตารางข้อมูล สถิติ (วิชาที่เกี่ยวข้องกับเรื่องต่อไปนี้ คือ การเก็บ
รวบรวมข้อมูล การนำ�เสนอข้อมูล การวิเคราะห์
Interpret ข้อมูลและการตีความหมายข้อมูล
ตีความ แปลความหมาย
Survey
Line graph การสำ�รวจ
กราฟเส้น
Pictogram
แผนภูมิรูปภาพ (แผนภูมิที่ใช้รูปภาพแทนจำ�นวน
ของข้อมูลที่นำ�เสนอ)
Pie chart
แผนภูมิรูปวงกลม (แผนภูมิที่แสดงด้วยรูปวงกลม)

36 - 40 Very good
30 - 35 Good
REVIEW TEST 1 24 - 29
Less than 24
Fair
Should be improved
I’ve got .......................….… marks.
PART 1
1. Which of the following shows a true equation?
1 (13 × 4) - 12 = 50 2 73 - (22 × 3) = 7
3 27 + (5 × 9) = 82 4 (11 × 11) - 11 = 100
2. Which of the following shows that the number in the parenthesis is the solution to the equation?
1 3x - 3 = 18 (5)
2 5x + 12 = 38 (12)
3 9x = 144 (18)
4 2x + 7 = 19 (24)
3. From an equation 3x 2+ 4 = 17, what is the solution to the equation?
1 14 2 12
3 10 4 8
4. From an equation 8(y + 13) = 168, what is the solution to the equation?
1 6 2 8
3 24 4 34
5. A statement “Twice a number added up with 7 equals 33” is written in a mathematical
sentence as:
1 2x + 7 = 33 2 2x + 7 = 33
3 2(x + 7) = 33 4 7x + 2 = 33
6. The sum of two numbers is 66. One of them is 21 times the other number.
1 2, 64 2 3, 63
3 4, 62 4 6, 60
7. The sum of Vian and her sister’s ages is 55 years old. Six years ago, Vian was younger than
her sister by 3 years. Find Vian and her sister’s ages now.

8. Kevin collected 20, 50, 100-baht banknote yearly. At the end of the year, he found out he
has 20-baht banknote more than 100-baht banknote by 3 times and has 50-baht banknote
more than 100-baht banknote by 2 times. The amount of money he collected is 19,500 baht,
how many bills of 20, 50, and 100-baht banknote does he have?
1 325, 130, 65 bills 2 325, 90, 85 bills
3 225, 150, 75 bills 4 210, 116, 95 bills
9. Nine times the money Bowy has, added up with 300 baht is 2,100 baht. How much money
does Bowy have?
1 200 baht 2 240 baht
3 270 baht 4 300 baht
10. There are a 10% glucose and a 20% glucose. If we want to make a 16% glucose that
weighs 500 grammes, how many grammes of each should be used?
11. Which ratio is in the lowest term?
1 9 : 12 = 3 : 8 2 16 : 24 = 2 : 3
3 15 : 29 = 5 : 13 4 56 : 72 = 7 : 8
12. Which answer represents the ratio “90 kilometres to 5 hours”?
1 9 : 1 2 9:2
3 18 : 1 4 16 : 1
13. If 42 : 49 = x : 21, what is equal to x?
1 12 2 14
3 16 4 18
14. If a : b = 4 : 7 and b : c = 21 : 15, what ratio is equal to a : b : c?
1 4 : 7 : 6 2 4:7:5
3 8 : 21 : 15 4 16 : 21 : 15
15. How much is 85% of 350 greater or less than 9% of 4,005?
1 Greater than 62.95 2 Less than 62.95
3 Greater than 67 4 Less than 67
16. 21 is 3% of what number?
1 300 2 500
3 700 4 900
REVIEW TEST 1 207

17. 25 % of what number is equal to 67 % of 49?
1 85 2 105
3 110 4 125
18. A mobile phone is 12,900 baht. A store offers a discount of 745 baht.
What is the discount in percentage?
1 5% 2 7.5%
3 10% 4 15%
19. A price tag is set with the value that is 60% greater than the original cost. If a 25% discount
is given to the customer, what percent must the seller charge to make a profit?
1 20% 2 25%
3 30% 4 35%
20. If a tablet is sold for 18,900 baht, it makes a loss of 12.5%. How much must the tablet be
sold for if the profit is set for 10%?
1 19,440 2 21,600
3 23,152 4 23,760
PART 2
Fill in the blanks. (1 mark each)
1. Three times a number added up with 9 equals 31, what is that number?
22
Answer 3
2. Seven times a number is greater than 3 for 46, what is that number?
Answer 7
3. A mother’s age is four times the son’s age. If the mother is 24 years old, how old is the son?
Answer 6
4. Pare has money 58 times of Balloon. If Pare has 100 baht, how much money does Balloon
have?
Answer 160 baht
5. 6 apples cost 70 baht. How many apples can a customer buy for 490 baht?
Answer 42 apples
6. If 0.002 : 0.015 = P : 75, what is equal to P?
Answer 10

7. The length of rectangle is 10 centimetres. If the area of this rectangle is 80 square centimetres,
what the ratio is the width to area of this rectangle?
Answer 1 : 10
8. A handbag bought for 5,000 baht, then was sold for 6,400 baht. Find the profit as a percentage
of the cost price.
Answer 28 %
9. A sports warehouse offers 15% discount to anyone paying in cash. Toney pays for a 3,500
baht pair of shoes in cash. How much does he actually pay?
Answer 2,975 baht
10. An amateur flying club pays 1,140,000 baht for a second-hand plane, but they have to sell
it for 825,000 baht because of the financial difficulties. Find the loss in percentage.
Answer 27.63 %
PART 3
Show the steps for each problem. (2 marks each)
1. The sum of two numbers is 112. One number is 15 times the other number.
Solution Let x be the first number
Get 15x + x = 112
Or x = 7
Verify: Substitution x with 7 in an equation 15x + x = 112,
Get (15 x 7) + 7 = 112 which is a true equation.

2. Ice is older than her brother by 4 years now. 6 years ago, Ice was older than her brother 3 times.
Find Ice and her brother age now.
Solution Let x be brother age now 6 years ago: Ice age: x + 4 - 6
Now: Ice age: x + 4 brother age: x - 6
brother age: x Get 3(x – 6 ) = x - 2, Or x = 8
Therefore, Ice and her brother ages are 12 and 8 years old.

REVIEW TEST 1 209
3. The ratio of the number of boys to girls is equal to 1 : 3. How many boys are there if there are
315 girls in the school?
Solution The number of boys to girls is 1:3
If there are 315 girls, then the number of boys to girls is 1 : 3 = x : 315
Therefore, x = 1 ×3315 = 105

4. A bicycle was bought for 7,200 baht and sold for 8,700 baht. Find the profit as a percentage of
cost price.
Solution Profit = selling price – cost price
= 8,700 – 7,200 = 1,500 baht
Profit 1,500 = 100x
Cost price 8,700
x = 17.24%
Therefore, the profit is 17.24% of cost price.

5. Nicole buys DVD priced at 5,100 baht, but only pays 4,200 baht. What percentage discount
is offered?
Solution Discount = cost price – selling price
= 5,100 – 4,200 = 900 baht
Discount 900 x
Cost price 5,100 = 100
x = 17.64%
Therefore, the discount is 17.64%.


29 - 34 Very good
23 - 28 Good
REVIEW TEST 2 17 - 22
Less than 17
Fair
Should be improved
I’ve got .......................….… marks.
PART 1
From the graph, consider the ordered pairs in questions 1-3.
Y
6 Swing Dog
5 School
4 Shop
3 Phone booth
Home Tree
2
1 Duck
Udorn
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
X
1. Which picture is (4, 3)?
1 Home 2 Shop
3 School 4 Dog
1 Udorn 2 Phone booth
3 Swing 4 Tree
1 Dog 2 Tree
3 Shop 4 Home
Use the graph for questions 4-5.
Weight and Age of Cat
Weight (kilogrammes)
6
5
4 A D
3 C
2 B
1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Age (years)
REVIEW TEST 2 211
4. Point A shows the age and the weight of a cat. Which of the following is correct?
1 A cat is 4 years, weight 3 kilogrammes.
5. What is the difference between the weight of an 8-year-old cat and a 3-year-old cat?
1 1 kilogramme 2 2 kilogrammes
3 3 kilogrammes 4 4 kilogrammes
6. In the equation 3x - 2y = 6, which is the correct ordered pairs?
1 ... (-1, -3), (0, -3), (1, -2), (2, 0), ...
2 ... (-1, - 29 ), (0, -3), (1, - 32 ), (2, 0), ...
3 ... (-1, -4), (0, -2), (1, -1), (2, 0), ...
4 ... (-1, -3), (0, -1), (1, 0), (2, 1), ...
7. The difference between two numbers is -3, and their sum is 5. When x is one number and y is
the other number, which one is their writing in the system of equations?
1 y = x - 3 and y = x - 5
2 x = y + 3 and x = y + 5
3 y = x + 3 and y = 5 - x
4 x + y = -3 and x - y = 5
8. Which one is the solutions to the system of equations y = -3x + 5 and 4y + 12x = 20?
1 ..., (-2, 11), (-1, 2), (0, 3), ...
2 ..., (-1, 8), (0, -5), (1, 2), ...
3 ..., (2, 1), (3, -4), (4, -6), ...
4 ..., (-1, 8), (0, 5), (1, 2), ...
9. Which one is the solution to the system of equations 3x - y = -5 and y - 3x = -2?
1 (-1, 2) 2 (1, 1)
3 (1, 8) 4 No solution to the system of equations
10. From the system of equations a = 1 + b and 2a + b = 5, find a + b.
1 3 2 2
3 1 4 0

11. The table shows the running competition time of 5 students.
Runner Running Time (seconds)
Phak 14.5
Chai 14.9
Wut 13.8
Nath 13.6
Yuth 14.7
Who is the last person to cross the finish line?
1 Nath 2 Yuth
3 Phak 4 Chai
Use the below bar chart to answer the question 12-13.
A Bar Chart Showing the Quantities of Fruit Juice Boxes Sold by a Store
Quantity (boxes)
48
42
36
30
24
18
12
6
0 Apple juice Orange juice Guava juice Mango juice
Beverage
12. Which statement is correct?

1 The store sells 16 fewer apple juice boxes than mango juice boxes.
2 The store sells 2 more orange juice boxes than apple juice boxes.
3 The store sells 18 more guava juice boxes than orange juice boxes.
4 The store sells 4 more mango juice boxes than guava juice boxes.
13. How many boxes of juice did this store sell in total?
1 148 boxes 2 150 boxes
3 152 boxes 4 154 boxes
REVIEW TEST 2 213

14. Numbers of Grade 7 Students who Like to Play the Following Kinds of Sports
Football
Basketball
Volleyball
Tennis
represents 10 people.
Which statement is correct?
1 The number of students who like to play basketball is 20 people more than the number
of students who like to play tennis.
2 The number of students who like to play football is 15 people more than the number of
students who like to play basketball.
3 The number of students who like to play volleyball and tennis is 80 people in total.
4 The number of students who like to play sports is 180 people.
PART 2
Use the graph for questions 1-3.
Area and Time Showing Nirut,s Painting
Area (square metres)
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0 8.00 am 9.00 am 10.00 am 11.00 am 12.00 pm Time
1. At 9.30 am, Nirut can paint 3 square metres.
2. From 10.00 am to 11.00 am, Nirut can paint 5 square metres.
3. 11.30 a.m. Nirut finishes painting and cleans up the paintbrush.
4. The solution to the system of equations y = 5x - 1 and y = -2x + 6 is (1, 4) .
5. The solution to the system of equations y = x + 8 and y - 3x = -2 is (5, 13) .
6. The solution to the system of equations y = 2x and 2x - 3y = 5 is
5,5
(- 4 2 ) .
7. The solution to the system of equations 3x – 5y = 1 and 2x – 10y = 6 is
,4
(-1 - 5 ) .
8. The sum of two numbers is 36. If one number is 2 more than the other number, the two
numbers are 19 and 17 .
Pie Chart Showing the Weight of Fruits in Kilogrammes which are Sold from a Garden
Orange
Mango
Rambutan
400 Guava
Longan 100
300
9. This garden sold 700 kilogrammes of oranges.

A Pie Chart Showing the Vehicle Types at a Parking Lot
B
C
A
D
10. If the quantity of type B is one-third of type A, and type B is equal to 50 units, then the
quantity of type A is equal to 150 units.
REVIEW TEST 2 215

PART 3
1. From the following problems, show the solution.
1. Draw a graph for the equation y - x = 3, where x is any number. (2 marks)
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y 1 2 3 4 5
6
5 y-x=3
4
3
2
1
X
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-1

2. Solve the system of equations and draw the graphs for 23 x + 14 y = 2 and 2x + y = 4.
(2 marks)
2x+1y = 2 1
Solution: 3 4
2x +y = 4 2
1 × 12 8x + 3y = 24 3
2 ×4 8x + 4y = 16 4
4 − 3 y = −8
Substitute the value of y in 2 .
2x +(−8) = 4
2x − 8 = 4
2x = 4+4
2x = 12
x = 12
x = 12
2
x = 6
So the solution to the systems of equations is (6, −8) .

REVIEW TEST 2 217

From the system of equations, graphs can be drawn as follows:
2 x + 1 y = 2 2x + y = 4
3 4
x -1 0 6 x -1 0 6
y 10 23 8 -8 y 6 4 -8
2x + 1y = 2
3 4 Y
2x + y = 4
10
X
-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
-2
-4
-6
-8 (6, -8)
-10

2. From the bar chart, answer the following questions. (3 marks)
Number of Children of Each Family in a Village
Numbers of families
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0 Number of children
0 1 2 3 4 in each family
1) Find the number of children in the village.

2) What percentage of the families in this village have fewer than 3 children?
Solution:
1) From bar chart, numbers of families that have no children are equal to 5 families.
Numbers of families having 1 child are equal to 7 families, total numbers of children
are equal to 1 × 7 = 7 people.
Numbers of families having 2 children are equal to 8 families, total numbers of children
Sum of total children in this village is equal to 7 + 16 + 9 + 8 = 40 children.
2) Numbers of families having less than children are equal to 5 + 7 + 8 = 20 families.
There are 5 + 7 + 8 + 3 + 2 = 25 families in total in this village.
Therefore, the number of families who have less than 3 children are equal to
20 × 100% = 80% of total families in this village.
25

REVIEW TEST 2 219
3. The number of doughnuts sold in one week. (3 marks)
Day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
Doughnut
quantity 450 480 350 520 460 620 720
(pieces)
Create a pie chart showing the number of doughnuts sold each day.
Solution:
Doughnuts Approximate Approximate
Day (pieces) per cent degree

Monday 450 12.5 45
Tuesday 480 13.3 48
Wednesday 350 9.7 35

Thursday 520 14.5 52

Friday 460 12.8 46

Saturday 620 17.2 62

Sunday 720 20.0 72
3,600 100 360
Total

A pie chart showing doughnuts quantities that can be sold in each day of a week.

Wednesday Tuesday
9.7% 12.5%

Thursday Monday
14.5% 12.5%
Friday
12.8% Sunday
20%
Saturday
17.2%


NOTE
NOTE
NOTE
NOTE
Core Curriculum B.E. 2551 (A.D. 2008) Revised Edition B.E. 2560 (A.D. 2017)
Math
Solution Answer Key
MATH
SOLUTION
MATH SOLUTION 1 Mathayomsuksa 1 Book 2

M ath Solution series, lower secondary level
(Mathayomsuksa 1-3) student books, meets
the secondary-student mathematical education
learning standards. The content offers complete
Mathayomsuksa 1
coverage of the Basic Education Core Curriculum
B.E. 2551 (A.D. 2008), Revised Edition B.E. 2560
(A.D. 2017). The books also contain detailed explanations
of mathematical concepts, step-by-step examples
and useful exercises. These allow students to practise
mathematical skills, and to encourage them the
confidence of mathematical knowledge. This Math
Solution series will help students gain a competence
of applying skills and also recalling the mathematical
concepts in the future.
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Based on the Basic Education

MATH SOLUTION 1 Mathayomsuksa 1 Book 2

บริษัท พัฒนาคุณภาพวิชาการ (พว.) อินเตอร์เนชันแนล จำ�กัด

First published 2019 Institute of Academic Development (IAD)

Mr. James Payer Howell

Unit 2 Ratios, Proportions and Percentages 74

Unit 3 Graphs and Linear Relations 106

Review Test 1 206

Equations and Solutions of Equations

LINEAR Equality Properties (addition,

Writing One Variable Linear Equations

Let x substitute , which is unknown to write an equation.

6 Math Solution 1 Book 2

Unit 1 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE 7

8 Math Solution 1 Book 2

2.1 True or False Equations

2.2 Solutions to Equations

3.2 Equality Property of Subtraction

Unit 1 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE 11

3.3 Equality Property of Multiplication

Unit 1 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE 13

4.2 Solving Equations Using the Equality Property of Subtraction

Unit 1 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE 15

4.3 Solving Equations Using the Equality Property of Multiplication

16 Math Solution 1 Book 2

Unit 1 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE 17

18 Math Solution 1 Book 2

4.5 Solving Equations Using the Equality Property of Addition,

Unit 1 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE 19

Unit 1 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE 21

3.8 plus two times a number is equal to 12. 3.8 + 2x = 12 4.1

22 Math Solution 1 Book 2

Teacher Yuttana took students to a field trip. He x - 12 x + 15 x = 9 30 students

A family travelled to a provincial area for 477 Let x be fuel amount

Unit 1 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE 23

Current age of father = 2(y - 5)

24 Math Solution 1 Book 2

26 Math Solution 1 Book 2

3. Follow the plan. Divide both sides by 7,

2. From exercise 1, show the completed solutions.

28 Math Solution 1 Book 2

What is given? 18 minus six 18 minus six times of a number

3. Follow the plan. 18 - 6x - 18 = 96 - 18

4. Examine Substitute x with -13 in an equation

Unit 1 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE 29

2) A number plus 25 of itself equals 56. Find that number.

30 Math Solution 1 Book 2

6.2 Age Problems

Age 56 of Suntreeya’s age x

Unit 1 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE 31

32 Math Solution 1 Book 2

3. 6 years ago, a son’s Suppose now the father is x years old.

Unit 1 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE 33

2. Show the method to solve these problems.

34 Math Solution 1 Book 2

Unit 1 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE 35

6.3 Geometry Problems

36 Math Solution 1 Book 2

Unit 1 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE 37

38 Math Solution 1 Book 2

After 8 hours, the distance between two cars is 840 miles.

40 Math Solution 1 Book 2

Unit 1 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE 41

5. Sangdao rode a motorcycle at the speed