M ẍ +C ẋ + Kx=0

The corresponding characteristic equation is:

( λ 2 M + λ C+ K ) φ=0
where M is the mass matrix of the structure, C and K are the dampir matrix and
stiffness matrix, respectively. λ are the eigenvalues of t system, and φ are the
eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalues, e., the mode shapes.

The modal mass of each mode in the structure can be obtained fro the eigenvector, and
the modal mass of the i -th mode can be expressed [56]:

[ ][ ]
φ1 i
M1 ⋯ 0 n
φ2 i
mi=φ i M φ i=[ φ 1i φ2 i ⋯ φ ¿ ]
T
⋮ ⋱ ⋮ =∑ 2
❑ M k φ ki
0 ⋯ Mn ⋮ k=1
φ¿