CALCULATION SHEET

Structure : BIRFURCATION STRUCTURE

IMPORTANT SYMBOLS

f = Lacey's Silt Factor

Q = Discharge

q = Discharge Intensity / Discharge per unit width

A = Cross Sectional Area

B = Bed Width

V = Velocity

y = Water Depth

y1 = U/s Water Depth

y2 = D/s Water Depth

h1 = U/s Water Depth over Crest

h2 = D/s Water Depth over Crest

E1 = U/s Energy Head over Crest

E2 = D/s Energy Head over Crest

3
cms = Cubic meter per second (m /sec)

cfs = Cubic feet per second (ft3/sec)

( Note : All units are in SI )

ASSUMPTIONS

Lacey's Silt Factor, f (Medium & Fine Silt) = 0.7

Khosla's Safe Exit Gradient, GE (Soft & Medium Clay) = 3

Lane's Creep Coefficient, C(Clays) = 1.6 to 3.0

C(Soft & Medium Clay) = 2.3 (Avg.)

Discharge Coefficient,C (For Broad Crested Weir) = 1.7

C (used for Gibson Curve) = 2.1 in SI-units

(equivalent to 3.8 in British units)

Specific Gravity of Concrete(140 lbs/cft) + Brick Floor = 2.3 t/m3

Increased Scour Factor, X = 1.5 for U/s

= 2.0 for D/s

Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.81 m/sec = 32.17 ft/sec

Discharge Capacity of water way is firstly computed by Fane's Curve & then finally cross checked by Gibson Curv

Hydraulic jump caculations are done for 100% of design discharge.

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Structure : BIRFURCATION STRUCTURE

For uplift pressures, sub-structure soil is considered to be Soft & Medium Clay for which Khosla's & Lane's param

INPUT DESIGN CHANNEL DATA

Bifurcator
Upstream Data : LBC RBC
RD 0+000 0+000
Discharge (cms) = cms 2.450 2.450
Bed Width (m) = m 2.00 2.00
Water Depth (m) = m 0.91 0.91
Side Slope (1V:xH) = 0 0
Bed Slope (m/m) = m/m 0.002 0.002
Berm Width (m) = m 0.30 0.30
Bed Level = m 1396.60 1396.60
FSL = m 1397.51 1397.51
Floor Level = m 1396.60 1396.60

Downstream Data :
0+000 0+000
Discharge (cms) = cms 1.750 0.720
Bed Width (m) = m 1.50 1.15
Water Depth (m) = m 0.89 0.96
Side Slope (1V:xH) = 1 0
Berm Width (m) = m/m 0.0004 0.0007
Bed Slope (m/m) = m 0.30 0.30
Bed Level = m 1394.30 1395.75
FSL = m 1395.19 1396.71
Floor Level = m 1394.30 1395.75

Structural Data :
Crest Height m 0 0.4
Crest Level = m 1396.60 1397.00
Crest Width = m 3 3
Bay Width (m) = m 1.50 1.15
No. of Bays = 1 1
Width of Pier (m) = m0 0
Width b/w abutments (m) = m 1.50 1.15
100.00% 100.00%
Discharge, Q 3.16 1.13
Percentage Excess 80.63% 56.81%
(i) Using Fane's Curve :-

A1 = y1(B1+xy1) = m2 1.82 1.82

Approach Velocity, V1 = Q1/A1 m/sec 1.346 1.346

U/s Velocity Head = V12/(2g) m 0.092 0.092

2
E1=(U/s FSL+V1 /2g) - Crest Level = m 1.002 0.602

2
A2 = y2(B2+xy2) = m 2.13 1.10

D/s Velocity, V2 = Q2/A2 m/sec 0.823 0.652

2
D/s Velocity Head = V2 /(2g) m 0.035 0.022

E2=(D/s FSL+V22/2g) - Crest Level = m -1.375 -0.268

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Structure : BIRFURCATION STRUCTURE

Submergence, E2/E1 = -1.38 -0.45

< 0.8 therefore < 0.8 therefore
Flow is Free Flow is Free
flow. flow.

Fane's Curve is Fane's Curve is

not applicable not applicable

Clear water width over crest, b = m 1.500 1.150

Discharge Coefficent, C = 1.700 1.700

Fane's Reduction Factor, Cr = 1.000 1.000

Discharge, Q = C.Cr.b.E11.5 = cms 2.56 0.91

Excess 46.23% 26.94%
(ii) Using Gibson's Curve :-

E1 = m 1.002 0.602

h2 (D/s FSL - Crest Level) = m -1.410 -0.290

h2/E1 = -1.41 -0.49

Discharge Coefficent, C = 2.100 2.100

C'/C From Gibson Curve 1.000 1.000

Gibson's Reduction Factor, C' = 2.100 2.100

Clear water width over crest, b = m 1.500 1.150

Discharge, Q = C'.b.E11.5 = cms 3.161 1.129

Excess 80.63% 56.81%
%age Discharge=Q = % 100 100
cms 1.750 0.720
Clear Width, B = m 1.500 1.150
Discharge Intensity,q = cms/m 1.167 0.626
Difference b/w U/s & D/s Energy Heads, ∆E = m 2.377 0.870

U/s velocity head

E
E1 Crest Level
Y2
Y1 Y1

Loss of head(U/s energy level - m 2.377 0.870

D/s energy level), ∆E = L =
2 1/3
Critical Depth = C = ( q /g ) = m 0.518 0.342

L/C = 4.59 2.54

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Structure : BIRFURCATION STRUCTURE

F F

Using Crump's Curve :-

x/C = 0.27 0.33

x= m 0.140 0.113
y/C = 2.61 2.3
y= m 1.352 0.787
(K + F)/C = 7.2 4.85
(K+F) = m 3.730 1.659
Location of jump = U/s TEL - (K+F) = 1393.87 1395.94
V1 m/sec 8.336 5.540
0.5
F1 =V1/(gD) 7.113 5.262
Y1 = m 0.140 0.113
Rounded Value 7.100 5.300
Y2 = m 1.352 0.787
Checks For Stilling Basin Level
Min. Required Level = m 1393.53 1395.74
Provided Level = m 1393.10 1394.75
OK OK
(1) USBR : TYPE III TYPE III
L/Y2 (from graph) = 5.9 5.9
Length of Stilling Basin, L = m 7.977 4.643
(Say) L = m 9.00 9.00
(2) Conjugate Depth Method (Chow, 1959) :

Flow depth at toe of glacis, y1 = m 0.140 0.113

Velocity at toe of glacis,V1 =(2g.( E-y1))1/2 = m/sec 8.393 5.507
Froude Number at toe of glacis, F1 = V1/(gy1)1/2 7.162 5.23
y2 = (y1/2).((1+ 8F12)1/2 - 1) = m 1.35 0.781
Length of basin without accessories, L = 5.(1.05y2 - y1) = 6.398 3.567
(3)With Ef2 :
Ef2 1.355 0.792
length of stilling basin 6*Ef2 8.130 4.752
Provided 9 9

WIDTH mm 150 125

HEIGHT mm 150 125
CHUTE SPACING mm 150 125
BLOCKS NO. OF CHUTE BLOCKS Nos. 5 5

X m 1.1 0.7
BAFFLE h3 / d1 2 2
Height of baffle blocks, h3 mm 275 200
BLOCKS (for
Spacing and width of baffle b mm 206 150
Type III) Top width of baffle blocks mm 55 40
No. of Baffle Blocks Nos. 4 4
Scour Depth Calculation
Abutment to abutment width=b = 1.5 1.15
Width of structure at U/s cutoff = b' = m 2.00 2.00
Width of structure at D/s cutoff = b" = m 1.50 1.15
Discharge, Qu/s = cms 2.450 2.450
Discharge, Qd/s = cms 1.750 1.750
Discharge intensity causing scour, q = Q/b' = cms/m 1.225 1.225
Discharge intensity causing scour, q = Q/b" = cms/m 1.167 1.522

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Structure : BIRFURCATION STRUCTURE

Discharge intensity causing scour, q = Q/b = cms/m 1.633 2.130

Discharge intensity causing scour, q = Q/b= cms/m 1.167 1.522
(a) Lacey's Scour Equation :-
with b
R = 1.35( q2/f )1/3 =with b m 0.875 1.044
R = 1.35( q2/f )1/3 =with b m 0.699 0.834
with b' & b" m 0.722 0.722
m 0.699 0.834
Xu/sR =with b m 1.094 1.305
Xd/sR =with b m 1.049 1.251
with b' & b" m 0.903 0.903
m 1.049 1.251
U/s Scour depth below bed =with b m 0.18 0.40
D/s Scour depth below bed =with b m 0.16 0.36
computed m -0.01 -0.01
computed m 0.16 0.36
Provided m 1.000 1.000
Provided m 3.000 1.900
1/GE 1/6.289 1/8.475

U/s scour level = Provided 1395.60 1395.60

D/s scour level = Provided 1391.30 1393.85
ANALYTICAL METHOD (for floor thickness)

U/s Cutoff
B = Total length of Floor
B1 = U/S floor length from the point of consideration
D1 = depth of cutoff wall which is under consideration
L1 = ((B1/D1)^2 + 1)^0.5
L2 = ((B2/D1)^2 + 1)^0.5
X1 =( L1+L2)/2
X2 =( L1-L2)/2
X for ØE = (X2-1)/X1
X for ØD = X2/X1
X for ØC = (X2+1)/X1
Y = π/2 - (2*ATAN(X/(1+(1-X^2)^0.5))*π/180
Ø = 1/π * Y * 100
Approch floor 3 3
U/S Glacis 0 0.8
Crest length 2 2
D/S Glacis 10.5 6.75
Basin Length 9 9
B 24.50 21.55
B1 0 0
B2 24.50 21.55
D1 1.00 1.00
L1 1 1
L2 24.520 21.573
X1 12.760 11.287
X2 -11.760 -10.287
ØE -1.000 -1.000
X ØD -0.922 -0.911
ØC -0.843 -0.823
ØE 3.142 3.142
Y ØD 2.743 2.717
ØC 2.574 2.537
ØE 100.00% 100.00%

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Structure : BIRFURCATION STRUCTURE

Ø% ØD 87.31% 86.50%
ØC 81.94% 80.76%
D/S Cutoff
B 24.50 21.55
B1 24.50 21.55
B2 0.00 0.00
D1 3.00 1.90
L1 8.228 11.386
L2 1.000 1.000
X1 4.614 6.193
X2 3.614 5.193
ØE 0.567 0.677
X ØD 0.783 0.839
ØC 1.000 1.000
ØE 0.969 0.827
Y ØD 0.671 0.576
ØC 0.000 0.000
ØE 30.83% 26.33%
Ø% ØD 21.36% 18.34%
ØC 0.00% 0.00%
Percentage Pressure at toe of Glacis ΦE2+(d/s floor length/ b)*(Φc2-ΦE2)
Percentage Pressure 49.60% 49.06%
Thickness of Floor at Toe of Glacis m 1.425 1.400
tf at d/s end 0.900 0.450
Khosla's Exit Gradient, GE :-

Length of pacca floor, b = m 24.50 21.55

Depth of downstream cut off = d = m 3.00 1.90

= b / d = 8.167 11.342

2 4.614 6.193

Differential Head, HL = U/s FSL - D/s B m 3.21 1.76

6 0.167 0.167
Exit Gradient, GE = (HL/d).(1/(π.= 0.159 0.118
1/GE 1/6.289 1/8.475
OK OK
Lane's Weighted Creep Theory :-

Sum of all vertical contacts greater than 45o = V m 8.00 5.80

Sum of all horizontal contacts and of all the slop m 24.50 21.55
Differential Head, HL = U/s FSL - D/s Bed Leve m 3.21 1.76
Safe creep length = 2.3 * HL m 7.383 4.048
Weighted creep length, Lw = V + 1/3H = m 16.167 12.983
OK OK

KHOSLA'S THEORY (for floor thickness)

U/s Cutoff

Total length of floor = b = m 24.50 21.55

Depth of U/s cut off line = d m 1.00 1.00
= b/d = m 24.5 21.55
2 12.76 11.287

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Structure : BIRFURCATION STRUCTURE

-1
E1= (I/π).Cos ((2 = 0.181 0.192
C1=100 -E1 = % 81.90 80.80
D= (I/π).Cos-1((1 = 0.127 0.135
D1=100 -D = % 87.30 86.50

Correction for  C1 :-

(a) Correction at C1 for mutual interference of cut offs :-

C1 is
Depth of influencing D/S cut off = D = m 3.00 1.90
Depth of U/S cut off = d = m 1.00 1.00
Distance between two cut offs = b´ = m 24.50 21.55
Total floor length = b = m 24.50 21.55
1/2
Correctionp= 19(D/b´)
1
.((d + D)/b) = % 1.085 0.759
direction of flow, hence, the
correction is positive.
Therefore,correction due to pile interfe % (+ve) 1.09 0.76

(b) Correction
Correction=(D1-C1)/(Distace b/w C1D1)xFloor thic2.47 2.60

% (+ve) 2.47 2.60

(c) Correction
Hence, Corrected C1 = 81.9% + 1.0 % 85.46 84.16

D/s Cut off :-

Total length of floor = b = m 24.50 21.55

Depth of D/s cut off line = d = m 3.00 1.90

= b/d = m 8.167 11.342

2 4.614 6.193
E2= (I/π).Cos-1((2 = 30.80% 26.30%
D2= (I/π).Cos-1((1 = 21.40% 18.30%
C´1

Correction for  E2 :- C1

(a) Correction
E2 is
Depth of U/S cut off = D = m 3.00 1.90
Depth of d/s cut off = d = m 1.00 1.00
Distance between two cut offs = b´ = m 24.50 21.55
Total floor length = b = m 24.50 21.55
Correction = 19(D/b´)1/2.((d + D)/b) = % 1.085 0.759
Since the point E5 is in the forward
direction of flow, hence, the
Therefore,correction due to pile interfe% (-ve) 1.09 0.76
Hence, Corrected E2 = % 29.71 25.54

Thickness of Floor Required at D/S Toe of Glacis:-

Percentage Pressure ΦE2+(d/s floor len ΦE2+(d/s floor length/ b)*(Φc2-ΦE2)

Percentage Pressure % 50.19 50.02
Thickness of Floor at Toe of Glacis m 1.350 0.750

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Structure : BIRFURCATION STRUCTURE

Thickness of Floor Required Near the D/S Cutoff wall:-

Thickness of Floor near D/S cutoff wall m 0.713 0.383

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