Science

1. Increase in the frequency extent of drying up of vegeta-

Safety Precursors of volcanic quakes with tion around the volcano's up-
Precautions of an Impending rumbling sounds; occurrence
Volcanic Eruption of volcanic tremors
per slopes
Before, During & After a
Volcanic Eruption
7. Increase in the tempera-
2. Increased steaming activi- ture of hot springs, wells (e.g.
ty; change in color of steam Bulusan and Canlaon) and
What to do before volcanic eruptions: emission from white to gray crater lake (e.g. Taal) near
1. Each one should be aware of the dangers that volcanic
due to entrained ash
3. Crater glow due to pres-
the volcano VOLCANO
eruptions pose to lives and be prepared to face whatever 8. Noticeable variation in the
ence of magma at or near the
circumstances the eruption may bring. chemical content of springs,
crater
2. Prepare all the necessary things to bring once evacuation is crater lakes within the vicinity
needed. 4. Ground swells (or infla- of the volcano
3. Store as much food, water, light sources and batteries that tion), ground tilt and ground
9. Drying up of
are very useful in case of emergency. fissuring due to magma intru-
springs/wells around the
4. Prepare masks to cover nose and mouth for the ash falls of sion
the volcano. volcano
5. Localized landslides,
5. Safety of the kids first before anything else. 10. Development of new ther-
rockfalls and landslides from
mal areas and/or reactivation
What to do during volcanic eruptions: the summit area not attributa-
of old ones; appearance of
ble to heavy rains
solfataras.
1. Avoid low-lying places because lava flows and mud flows 6. Noticeable increase in the
are more likely to pass here.
2. Seek cover in case of ash falls and rock falls and use masks Benefits of Volcanoes Threats of Volcanoes
to cover your nose and mouth and to avoid breathing in the
ashes. • provide nutrients to the • death
3. If inside the house, close all doors and windows to avoid surrounding soil
letting in the ashes.
• provide refuges for rare • destruction, includ-
4. Always stay indoors and watch for your kids, they might be Basic Knowledge
tempted to go out. plants and animals from ing loss of human
about Volcanoes
5. Stay in the evacuation center and wait for further instruc- the ravages of humans life +
tions and do not leave until said so. and livestock Precautionary
• volcanic gases are the • lava flows are dan-
What to do after volcanic eruptions: Measures
source of all the water gerous to nearby
1. Go back to your house but leave your kids with someone (and most of the atmos-
who can take care of them while you check your house. structures and build-
2. When in your house, clean everything and check if there’s phere) that we have
today ings
damages incurred. Use masks when cleaning.
3. Wait for further announcements related to volcano activi- • help cool off the earth • ashfall is deadly.
ties. removing heat from its
4. Make sure that your house is still safe for all of you.
interior • pyroclastic flows are
• make islands and add to too fast to outrun,
the continents and they are so hot
• volcanic deposits are
and cloying that
also used as building
materials they kill people and
• create remarkable scen- animals instantly
ery that is great for
tourism • acid rain

References
http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph https://www.universetoday.com
volcano.oregonstate.edu https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/
https://owlcation.com

The USGS Volcano Hazards Program issues four-tiered Volcano Alert Levels Prepared By: Abdul Khalic D. Papaladun, Jhunor M. Patarandang, Naim S. Radia 10-OHSP
 Science

The word volcano is

derived from the
Fresh lava is name of Vulcano, a vol-
believed to be canic island in the Aeolian
about 2,200°F . Islands of Italy whose
name in turn comes
• Volcanoes are openings in the Earth’s
from Vulcan, the god of
surface.
fire in Roman mythology.
• Volcanoes are usually located where tectonic
plates meet. This is especially true for the Pacific The study of volcanoes is
Ring of Fire, an area around the Pacific Ocean called volcanology, some-
where over 75% of the volcanoes on Earth are times spelled vulcanology.
found.
• While most volcanoes form near tectonic
boundaries, they can also form in areas that con-
tain abnormally hot rock inside the Earth. Known
as mantle plumes, these hotspots are found at a
number of locations around the globe with the
most notable being in Hawaii.

NOTE: Molten rock is

How Volcanoes are Made? called magma when it is
The mountain-like mounds inside the crust but once
that we associate with it gets to the surface of
This can happen over a period of
volcanoes are the earth it is called lava.
what remain weeks or many millions of years.
after the material
spewed during eruptions has
collected and hardened
around the vent. C l a s s i f i ca t i on of Volcanoes
Based on their activity:
A. Active - regular activity
B. Dormant - recent his-
torical activity but now
quiet
C. Extinct - no activity in
historical times and un-
likely to erupt again

Prepared By: Abdul Khalic Papaladun, Jhunor Patarandang, Naim Radia 10-OHSP