Microbiology A Systems Approach Cowan 4th Edition Test Bank

Microbiology A Systems Approach Cowan 4th Edition Test Bank
Microbiology A Systems Approach Cowan 4th

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Chapter 007 Elements of Microbial Nutrition Ecology and Growth
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Microorganisms require large quantities of this nutrient for use in cell structure and metabolism
A. Element
B. Macronutrient
C. Water
D. Growth factor
E. Trace element
2. Microorganisms require small quantities of this nutrient for enzyme function and maintenance of
protein structure
A. Element
B. Macronutrient
C. Water
D. Growth factors
E. Trace element
3. What compound has the highest concentration in a cell?
A. CO2
B. CH4
C. H2O
D. Glucose
E. NH3
4. Most of the dry weight of a microbial cell is from
A. Inorganic compounds
B. Minerals
C. Water
D. Organic compounds
E. Salts
5. Which of the following is not a major element of a microbial cell?
A. Copper
B. Carbon
C. Hydrogen
D. Nitrogen
E. Oxygen
6. An organic nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the organism and must be provided is called
a/an
A. Element
B. Macronutrient
C. Water
D. Growth factor
E. Trace element
7. An important mineral ion of the cytochrome pigments of cellular respiration is
A. Iron
B. Zinc
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium
E. Potassium
8. An important mineral ion that is a component of chloroplasts and stabilizer of membranes and
ribosomes is
A. Iron
B. Zinc
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium
E. Potassium
9. The term autotroph refers to an organism that:
A. Uses CO2 for its carbon source

B. Must obtain organic compounds for its carbon needs
C. Gets energy from sunlight
D. Gets energy by oxidizing chemical compounds
E. Does not need a carbon source
10. The term heterotroph refers to an organism that

11. Calcium is required for bacteria because
A. It stabilizes the cell wall

B. It stabilizes the ribosomes
C. It stabilizes the nucleoid
D. It maintains cellular pH
E. It makes strong bones
12. Growth factors
A. Are inorganic
B. Are synthesized by organism
C. Contain elemental oxygen
D. Cannot be synthesized by the organism
E. All of the choices are correct
13. An organism that uses CO2 for its carbon needs would be called a/an
A. Heterotroph
B. Photoautotroph
C. Chemoheterotroph
D. Saprobe
E. Halotroph
14. The term phototroph refers to an organism that

15. The term chemotroph refers to an organism that

16. The methanogens, producers of methane gas, require environments that
A. Have sunlight
B. Are very acidic
C. Have abundant oxygen and CO2
D. Are extremely cold
E. Are anaerobic with hydrogen gas and CO2
17. Organisms that feed on dead organisms for nutrients are called
A. Saprobes
B. Parasites
C. Autotrophs
D. Lithoautotrophs
E. Phototrophs
18. The type of photosynthesis that does not produce oxygen
A. Occurs in cyanobacteria
B. Does not require CO2 as a reactant
C. Occurs in purple and green sulfur bacteria
D. Does not require sunlight
E. Occurs in algae and plants
19. Archea as a group are not pathogens. This is because
A. They evolved without mammals

B. Mammals evolved special defenses against them
C. Mammalian hosts do not meet their environmental requirements
D. They are out competed by natural flora
E. None of the choices are correct
20. Aerobic respiration is an example of
A. Photosynthesis
B. Methanoheterophy
C. Photoheterotrophy
D. Chemoheterotrophy
E. Photo autotrophy
21. Microorganisms that live in severe habitats, such as very hot, acidic or salty environments, are
called
A. Thermophiles
B. Halophiles
C. Psychrophiles
D. Extremophiles
E. Barophiles
22. Organisms called _____ live on or in the body of a host and cause some degree of harm.
A. Mesophiles
B. Thermophiles
C. Commensals
D. Pathogens
E. Halophiles
23. The term obligate refers to
A. The ability to exist in a wide range of conditions

B. Existing in a very narrow niche
C. Using chemicals for energy production
D. Using light for energy production
E. Using oxygen for metabolism
24. The term facultative refers to

25. The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
is called
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. Diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Osmosis
E. Endocytosis
26. Diffusion of water through a semi permeable membrane is called
B. Diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Osmosis
E. Endocytosis
27. The movement of substances from lower to higher concentration across a semi permeable
membrane that must have a specific protein carrier and cell expenditure of energy is called
B. Diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Osmosis
E. Endocytosis
28. The movement of substances from higher to lower concentration across a semi permeable
membrane that must have a specific protein carrier but no energy expenditure is called
B. Diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Osmosis
E. Endocytosis
29. The use of energy by a cell to enclose a substance in its membrane by forming a vacuole and
engulfing it is called
B. Diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Osmosis
E. Endocytosis
30. Bacteria living in a freshwater stream that are moved to salty seawater would
A. Be in a hypotonic solution
B. Gain water
C. Be in a isotonic solution
D. Shrivel
31. Which of the following microorganisms would find hypotonic conditions most detrimental?
A. Bacteria
B. Protozoa
C. Fungi
D. Algae
E. Cyanobacteria
32. Which of the following require the cell to use ATP?
B. Diffusion
C. Endocytosis
D. Osmosis
33. Contractile vacuoles are
A. Used to expel excess water from cells

B. Found in bacterial cells
C. Important to certain organisms in hypertonic environments
D. Protein carriers in cell membranes
E. Used to bring solutes into a cell
34. Nutrient absorption is mediated by the
A. Cell wall
B. Peptidoglycan layer
C. Proteins in the periplasmic space
D. Cell membrane
E. Nuclear membrane
35. Halo bacteria regulate osmotic pressure by
A. Releasing salt to the environment

B. Absorbing salt from the environment
C. Excluding salt from the environment
D. Changing their cell wall to provide additional osmotic protection
36. Facilitated diffusion is limited by
A. Substrate concentration
B. Carrier proteins in the membrane
C. Size of the pores in the membrane
D. Osmotic pressure
E. The size of the cell
37. When whole cells or large molecules in solution are engulfed by a cell, this endocytosis is
specifically termed
A. Pinocytosis
B. Phagocytosis
C. Facilitated transport
D. Facilitated diffusion
E. Exocytosis
38. Mediated transport of polar molecules and ions across the plasma membrane utilizes a _____
_____ that will bind to the substance effecting a conformational change that allows movement
across the membrane.
A. Protein carrier
B. Lipid carrier
C. Porin carrier
D. All of the choices are correct
39. In _____ conditions, the cell wall will help prevent the cell from bursting.
A. Hypertonic
B. Hypotonic
C. Isotonic
40. Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated on the shelf of a refrigerator, out on a lab bench
top, on the shelf of a 37° C incubator and on the shelf of a 50° C incubator. After incubation, there
was no growth at 37° C and 50° C, slight growth out on the bench top and abundant growth at
refrigeration. What term could be used for this species?
A. Halophile
B. Mesophile
C. Anaerobe
D. Psychrophile
E. Capnophile
41. Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated out on the incubator shelf, in an anaerobic jar and
in a candle jar. After incubation there was moderate growth of cultures in the candle and
anaerobic jars, but heavy growth of the culture on the incubator shelf. This species is a/an
A. Aerobe
B. Anaerobe
C. Facultative anaerobe
D. Microaerophile
E. Capnophile
42. A microorganism that has an optimum growth temperature of 37° C, but can survive short
exposure to high temperatures is called a/an
A. Extremophile
B. Thermophile
C. Psychrophile
D. Facultative psychrophile
E. Thermoduric
43. An organism that grows slowly in the cold but has an optimum growth temperature of 32° C is
called a/an
A. Extremophile
B. Thermophile
C. Psychrophile
E. Thermoduric
44. An organism with a temperature growth range of 45° C to 60° C would be called a/an
A. Extremophile
B. Thermophile
C. Psychrophile
E. Thermoduric
45. Human pathogens fall into the group
A. Psychrophiles
B. Thermophiles
C. Halophiles
D. Mesophiles
E. Acidophiles
46. All of the following could find a location in or on body tissues suitable for growth except
A. Psychrophiles
B. Anaerobes
C. Facultative anaerobes
D. Mesophiles
E. Capnophiles
47. A microorganism that does not have catalase or super oxide dismutase would find it difficult to
live in an environment with
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Oxygen
C. High salt
D. Temperatures above 37° C
E. High acidity
48. A microaerophile
A. Grows best in an anaerobic jar

B. Grows with or without oxygen
C. Needs normal atmospheric levels of oxygen
D. Requires a small amount of oxygen but won't grow at normal atmospheric levels
49. The toxic super oxide ion is converted to harmless oxygen by two enzymes,
A. Catalase and hydrogen peroxidases

B. Super oxide dismutase and hydrogen peroxidases
C. Super oxide dismutase and catalase
D. Catalase and oxidase
E. Super oxide dismutase and oxidase
50. An organism that can use gaseous oxygen in metabolism and has the enzymes to process toxic
oxygen products is a/an
A. Aerobe
B. Obligate aerobe
D. Microaerophile
E. Obligate anaerobe
51. An organism that can exist in both oxygen and oxygen less environments is a/an
A. Aerobe
B. Obligate aerobe
D. Microaerophile
52. An organism that cannot tolerate an oxygen environment is a/an
A. Aerobe
B. Obligate aerobe
D. Microaerophile
53. An organism that cannot grow without oxygen is a/an
A. Aerobe
B. Obligate aerobe
D. Microaerophile
54. What type of media is used to demonstrate oxygen requirements of microbes?
A. Blood agar
B. Thioglycollate
C. Sulfite polymyxin sulfadiazine
D. Sodium chloride
E. None of the choices is correct
55. A halophile would grow best in
A. Acid pools
B. Fresh water ponds
C. Hot geyser springs
D. Arid, desert soil
E. Salt lakes
56. A barophile would grow best in
A. Acid pools
B. The deep oceans
E. Salt lakes
57. The E. coli that normally live in the human large intestines and produce vitamin K that the body
uses would be best termed a _____ relationship.
A. Parasitic
B. Saprobic
C. Commensal
D. Mutualistic
58. The production of antibodies is a form of antagonism called
A. Symbiosis
B. Satellitism
C. Antibiosis
D. Mutualism
E. Synergism
59. When microbes live independently but cooperate and share nutrients, it is called
A. Symbiosis
B. Satellitism
C. Antibiosis
D. Mutualism
E. Synergism
60. When microbes in close nutritional relationship and one benefits but the other is not harmed, it is
called
A. Symbiosis
B. Satellitism
C. Commensalism
D. Mutualism
E. Synergism
61. A change in one partner in a close relationship that leads to a change in the other partner is
A. Symbiosis
B. Coevolution
C. Antibiosis
D. Mutualism
E. Synergism
62. The time interval from parent cell to two new daughter cells is called the
A. Binary fission
B. Growth curve
C. Generation time
D. Death phase
E. Culture time
63. The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which the rate of multiplication equals the rate of cell
death is the
A. Lag phase
B. Log phase
C. Stationary phase
D. Death phase
E. Telophase
64. The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated cells are adjusting to their new
environment, metabolizing but not growing is the
A. Lag phase
B. Log phase
C. Stationary phase
D. Death phase
E. Prophase
65. The phase of the bacterial growth curve that shows the maximum rate of cell division is the
A. Lag phase
B. Log phase
C. Stationary phase
D. Death phase
E. Prophase
66. In the viable plate count method, a measured sample of a culture is evenly spread across an agar
surface and incubated. Each _____ represents one _____ from the sample.
A. Cell, cell
B. Cell, colony
C. Colony, cell
D. Species, colony
E. Generation, cell
67. When it is important to count the number of cells, determine cell size and differentiate between
dead and live cells a ___ is used.
A. coulter counter
B. flow cytometer
C. SEM
D. methylene dye indicator
True / False Questions
68. Phosphorus is one of the major elements needed in larger quantities by microorganisms.
True False
69. Most microorganisms on earth can only live and survive in habitats that are similar to human body
conditions.
True False
70. Inorganic nitrogen must be converted to ammonia to be used by a cell.
True False
71. Whether an organism is an autotroph or heterotroph depends on its source of nitrogen.
True False
72. Whether an organism is a phototroph or a chemotroph depends on its source of energy.
True False
73. Obligate saprobes can adapt to a living host.
True False
74. A saprobe with a cell wall will utilize extra cellular digestion.
True False
75. Saprobes do not need a carbon source for growth and metabolism.
True False
76. Lithoautotrophs use inorganic nutrients for carbon and energy sources.
True False
77. Facilitated diffusion and active transport require a carrier protein to mediate the movement across
the plasma membrane.
True False
78. In a commensal relationship, the commensal benefits but the cohabitant is neither harmed nor
benefited.
True False
79. Anaerobes can be cultured in a CO2 environment.
True False
80. The majority of microbes live and grow in habitats between pH 7 and 9.
True False
81. Bacteria have an average generation time of 24 hours.
True False
82. The time that it takes for a freshly inoculated agar culture to develop visible colonies is principally
governed by that species generation time.
True False
83. Transverse binary fission results in 4 daughter cells from 1 parent cell.
True False
84. After binary fission, daughter cells will differ genetically.
True False
85. A closed culture system is used to determine a population growth curve.
True False
86. The degree of turbidity in a culture correlates to the amount of cell growth.
True False
87. The direct cell count, using a cytometer, can calculate viable cell numbers from a sample.
True False
88. A Coulter counter can count viable cells as well as determine the size.
True False
89. Bacterial biofilms stimulate the immune system differently than planktonic bacteria.
True False
90. Planktonic bacteria are more susceptible to antibiotics as compared to biofilm microorganisms.
True False
Chapter 007 Elements of Microbial Nutrition Ecology and Growth Key
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Microorganisms require large quantities of this nutrient for use in cell structure and
metabolism
A. Element
B. Macronutrient
C. Water
D. Growth factor
E. Trace element
Learning Objective: 07.02 Differentiate between macronutrients and micronutrients.
2. Microorganisms require small quantities of this nutrient for enzyme function and maintenance
of protein structure
A. Element
B. Macronutrient
C. Water
D. Growth factors
E. Trace element
3. What compound has the highest concentration in a cell?
A. CO2
B. CH4
C. H2O
D. Glucose
E. NH3
Learning Objective: 07.05 Discuss diffusion and osmosis.
4. Most of the dry weight of a microbial cell is from
A. Inorganic compounds
B. Minerals
C. Water
D. Organic compounds
E. Salts
5. Which of the following is not a major element of a microbial cell?
A. Copper
B. Carbon
C. Hydrogen
D. Nitrogen
E. Oxygen
Learning Objective: 07.01 List the essential nutrients of a bacterial cell.
6. An organic nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the organism and must be provided is called
a/an
A. Element
B. Macronutrient
C. Water
D. Growth factor
E. Trace element
7. An important mineral ion of the cytochrome pigments of cellular respiration is
A. Iron
B. Zinc
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium
E. Potassium
8. An important mineral ion that is a component of chloroplasts and stabilizer of membranes and
ribosomes is
A. Iron
B. Zinc
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium
E. Potassium
9. The term autotroph refers to an organism that:

Learning Objective: 07.09 Explain how different organisms deal with oxygen.
10. The term heterotroph refers to an organism that

Learning Objective: 07.03 Construct 4 different terms that describe an organism's sources of carbon and energy.
11. Calcium is required for bacteria because
A. It stabilizes the cell wall

B. It stabilizes the ribosomes
C. It stabilizes the nucleoid
D. It maintains cellular pH
E. It makes strong bones
12. Growth factors
A. Are inorganic
B. Are synthesized by organism
C. Contain elemental oxygen
D. Cannot be synthesized by the organism
E. All of the choices are correct
13. An organism that uses CO2 for its carbon needs would be called a/an
A. Heterotroph
B. Photoautotroph
C. Chemoheterotroph
D. Saprobe
E. Halotroph
Learning Objective: 07.03 Construct four different terms that describe an organism's sources of carbon and energy.
14. The term phototroph refers to an organism that

15. The term chemotroph refers to an organism that

16. The methanogens, producers of methane gas, require environments that
A. Have sunlight
B. Are very acidic
C. Have abundant oxygen and CO2
D. Are extremely cold
E. Are anaerobic with hydrogen gas and CO2
17. Organisms that feed on dead organisms for nutrients are called
A. Saprobes
B. Parasites
C. Autotrophs
D. Lithoautotrophs
E. Phototrophs
18. The type of photosynthesis that does not produce oxygen
A. Occurs in cyanobacteria
B. Does not require CO2 as a reactant
C. Occurs in purple and green sulfur bacteria
D. Does not require sunlight
E. Occurs in algae and plants
Learning Objective: 07.03 Construct four different terms that describe an organism's sources of carbon and energy.
19. Archea as a group are not pathogens. This is because
A. They evolved without mammals

B. Mammals evolved special defenses against them
C. Mammalian hosts do not meet their environmental requirements
D. They are out competed by natural flora
20. Aerobic respiration is an example of
A. Photosynthesis
B. Methanoheterophy
C. Photoheterotrophy
D. Chemoheterotrophy
E. Photo autotrophy
21. Microorganisms that live in severe habitats, such as very hot, acidic or salty environments, are
called
A. Thermophiles
B. Halophiles
C. Psychrophiles
D. Extremophiles
E. Barophiles
Learning Objective: 07.10 Name 3 other physical factors that microbes must contend with. Learning objective: 07.08 Name 5 types of bacteria based on
their temperature preferences.
22. Organisms called _____ live on or in the body of a host and cause some degree of harm.
A. Mesophiles
B. Thermophiles
C. Commensals
D. Pathogens
E. Halophiles
Learning Objective: 07.11 List and describe the 5 types of associations microbes can have with their hosts.
23. The term obligate refers to

24. The term facultative refers to

25. The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower
concentration is called
B. Diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Osmosis
E. Endocytosis
Learning Objective: 07.07 Name 2 types of passive transport and 3 types of active transport.
26. Diffusion of water through a semi permeable membrane is called
B. Diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Osmosis
E. Endocytosis
27. The movement of substances from lower to higher concentration across a semi permeable
membrane that must have a specific protein carrier and cell expenditure of energy is called
B. Diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Osmosis
E. Endocytosis
28. The movement of substances from higher to lower concentration across a semi permeable
membrane that must have a specific protein carrier but no energy expenditure is called
B. Diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Osmosis
E. Endocytosis
29. The use of energy by a cell to enclose a substance in its membrane by forming a vacuole and
engulfing it is called
B. Diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Osmosis
E. Endocytosis
30. Bacteria living in a freshwater stream that are moved to salty seawater would
A. Be in a hypotonic solution
B. Gain water
C. Be in a isotonic solution
D. Shrivel
Learning Objective: 07.06 Identify the effects on a cell of isotonic
Learning Objective: hypotonic and hypertonic conditions.
31. Which of the following microorganisms would find hypotonic conditions most detrimental?
A. Bacteria
B. Protozoa
C. Fungi
D. Algae
E. Cyanobacteria
Learning Objective: and hypertonic conditions.
Learning Objective: hypotonic
32. Which of the following require the cell to use ATP?
B. Diffusion
C. Endocytosis
D. Osmosis
33. Contractile vacuoles are
A. Used to expel excess water from cells

B. Found in bacterial cells
C. Important to certain organisms in hypertonic environments
D. Protein carriers in cell membranes
E. Used to bring solutes into a cell
Learning Objective: hypotonic and hypertonic conditions.
34. Nutrient absorption is mediated by the
A. Cell wall
B. Peptidoglycan layer
C. Proteins in the periplasmic space
D. Cell membrane
E. Nuclear membrane
35. Halo bacteria regulate osmotic pressure by
A. Releasing salt to the environment

B. Absorbing salt from the environment
C. Excluding salt from the environment
D. Changing their cell wall to provide additional osmotic protection
36. Facilitated diffusion is limited by
A. Substrate concentration
B. Carrier proteins in the membrane
C. Size of the pores in the membrane
D. Osmotic pressure
E. The size of the cell
37. When whole cells or large molecules in solution are engulfed by a cell, this endocytosis is
specifically termed
A. Pinocytosis
B. Phagocytosis
C. Facilitated transport
D. Facilitated diffusion
E. Exocytosis
38. Mediated transport of polar molecules and ions across the plasma membrane utilizes a _____
_____ that will bind to the substance effecting a conformational change that allows movement
across the membrane.
A. Protein carrier
B. Lipid carrier
C. Porin carrier
39. In _____ conditions, the cell wall will help prevent the cell from bursting.
A. Hypertonic
B. Hypotonic
C. Isotonic
Learning Objective: and hypertonic conditions.
Learning Objective: hypotonic
40. Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated on the shelf of a refrigerator, out on a lab bench
top, on the shelf of a 37° C incubator and on the shelf of a 50° C incubator. After incubation,
there was no growth at 37° C and 50° C, slight growth out on the bench top and abundant
growth at refrigeration. What term could be used for this species?
A. Halophile
B. Mesophile
C. Anaerobe
D. Psychrophile
E. Capnophile
Learning Objective: 07.08 Name 5 types of bacteria based on their temperature preferences.
41. Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated out on the incubator shelf, in an anaerobic jar
and in a candle jar. After incubation there was moderate growth of cultures in the candle and
anaerobic jars, but heavy growth of the culture on the incubator shelf. This species is a/an
A. Aerobe
B. Anaerobe
D. Microaerophile
E. Capnophile
42. A microorganism that has an optimum growth temperature of 37° C, but can survive short
exposure to high temperatures is called a/an
A. Extremophile
B. Thermophile
C. Psychrophile
E. Thermoduric
43. An organism that grows slowly in the cold but has an optimum growth temperature of 32° C is
called a/an
A. Extremophile
B. Thermophile
C. Psychrophile
E. Thermoduric
44. An organism with a temperature growth range of 45° C to 60° C would be called a/an
A. Extremophile
B. Thermophile
C. Psychrophile
E. Thermoduric
45. Human pathogens fall into the group
A. Psychrophiles
B. Thermophiles
C. Halophiles
D. Mesophiles
E. Acidophiles
46. All of the following could find a location in or on body tissues suitable for growth except
A. Psychrophiles
B. Anaerobes
C. Facultative anaerobes
D. Mesophiles
E. Capnophiles
47. A microorganism that does not have catalase or super oxide dismutase would find it difficult to
live in an environment with
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Oxygen
C. High salt
D. Temperatures above 37° C
E. High acidity
48. A microaerophile
A. Grows best in an anaerobic jar

B. Grows with or without oxygen
C. Needs normal atmospheric levels of oxygen
D. Requires a small amount of oxygen but won't grow at normal atmospheric levels
49. The toxic super oxide ion is converted to harmless oxygen by two enzymes,
A. Catalase and hydrogen peroxidases

B. Super oxide dismutase and hydrogen peroxidases
C. Super oxide dismutase and catalase
D. Catalase and oxidase
E. Super oxide dismutase and oxidase
50. An organism that can use gaseous oxygen in metabolism and has the enzymes to process
toxic oxygen products is a/an
A. Aerobe
B. Obligate aerobe
D. Microaerophile
51. An organism that can exist in both oxygen and oxygen less environments is a/an
A. Aerobe
B. Obligate aerobe
D. Microaerophile
52. An organism that cannot tolerate an oxygen environment is a/an
A. Aerobe
B. Obligate aerobe
D. Microaerophile
53. An organism that cannot grow without oxygen is a/an
A. Aerobe
B. Obligate aerobe
D. Microaerophile
54. What type of media is used to demonstrate oxygen requirements of microbes?
A. Blood agar
B. Thioglycollate
C. Sulfite polymyxin sulfadiazine
D. Sodium chloride
E. None of the choices is correct
55. A halophile would grow best in
A. Acid pools
B. Fresh water ponds
E. Salt lakes
Learning Objective: 07.10 Name 3 other physical factors that microbes must contend with.
56. A barophile would grow best in
A. Acid pools
B. The deep oceans
E. Salt lakes
57. The E. coli that normally live in the human large intestines and produce vitamin K that the
body uses would be best termed a _____ relationship.
A. Parasitic
B. Saprobic
C. Commensal
D. Mutualistic
58. The production of antibodies is a form of antagonism called
A. Symbiosis
B. Satellitism
C. Antibiosis
D. Mutualism
E. Synergism
59. When microbes live independently but cooperate and share nutrients, it is called
A. Symbiosis
B. Satellitism
C. Antibiosis
D. Mutualism
E. Synergism
60. When microbes in close nutritional relationship and one benefits but the other is not harmed, it
is called
A. Symbiosis
B. Satellitism
C. Commensalism
D. Mutualism
E. Synergism
61. A change in one partner in a close relationship that leads to a change in the other partner is
A. Symbiosis
B. Coevolution
C. Antibiosis
D. Mutualism
E. Synergism
62. The time interval from parent cell to two new daughter cells is called the
A. Binary fission
B. Growth curve
C. Generation time
D. Death phase
E. Culture time
Learning Objective: 07.14 Define doubling time and how it relates to exponential growth
63. The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which the rate of multiplication equals the rate of
cell death is the
A. Lag phase
B. Log phase
C. Stationary phase
D. Death phase
E. Telophase
Learning Objective: 07.15 Compare and contrast the 4 phases of growth in a bacterial growth curve.
64. The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated cells are adjusting to their
new environment, metabolizing but not growing is the
A. Lag phase
B. Log phase
C. Stationary phase
D. Death phase
E. Prophase
65. The phase of the bacterial growth curve that shows the maximum rate of cell division is the
A. Lag phase
B. Log phase
C. Stationary phase
D. Death phase
E. Prophase
66. In the viable plate count method, a measured sample of a culture is evenly spread across an
agar surface and incubated. Each _____ represents one _____ from the sample.
A. Cell, cell
B. Cell, colony
C. Colony, cell
D. Species, colony
E. Generation, cell
Learning Objective: 07.16 Identify 3 methods besides a growth curve to count bacteria.
67. When it is important to count the number of cells, determine cell size and differentiate between
dead and live cells a ___ is used.
A. coulter counter
B. flow cytometer
C. SEM
D. methylene dye indicator
Learning Objective: 07.16 Identify 3 methods besides a growth curve to count bacteria.
True / False Questions
68. Phosphorus is one of the major elements needed in larger quantities by microorganisms.
TRUE
69. Most microorganisms on earth can only live and survive in habitats that are similar to human
body conditions.
FALSE
Learning Objective: 07.10 Name three other physical factors that microbes must contend with.
70. Inorganic nitrogen must be converted to ammonia to be used by a cell.
TRUE
71. Whether an organism is an autotroph or heterotroph depends on its source of nitrogen.
FALSE
72. Whether an organism is a phototroph or a chemotroph depends on its source of energy.
TRUE
73. Obligate saprobes can adapt to a living host.
FALSE
Learning Objective: 07.04 Define saprobe and parasite.
74. A saprobe with a cell wall will utilize extra cellular digestion.
TRUE
75. Saprobes do not need a carbon source for growth and metabolism.
FALSE
76. Lithoautotrophs use inorganic nutrients for carbon and energy sources.
TRUE
77. Facilitated diffusion and active transport require a carrier protein to mediate the movement
across the plasma membrane.
TRUE
78. In a commensal relationship, the commensal benefits but the cohabitant is neither harmed nor
benefited.
TRUE
Learning Objective: 07.11 List and describe the 5 types of associations microbes can have with their hosts
79. Anaerobes can be cultured in a CO2 environment.
TRUE
80. The majority of microbes live and grow in habitats between pH 7 and 9.
FALSE
81. Bacteria have an average generation time of 24 hours.
FALSE
Learning Objective: 07.14 Define doubling time and how it relates to exponential growth. Learning objective: 07.15 Compare and contrast the 4 phases
of growth in a bacterial growth curve.
82. The time that it takes for a freshly inoculated agar culture to develop visible colonies is
principally governed by that species generation time.
TRUE
Learning Objective: 07.14 Define doubling time and how it relates to exponential growth. Learning objective: 07.15 Compare and contrast the 4 phases
of growth in a bacterial growth curve.
83. Transverse binary fission results in 4 daughter cells from 1 parent cell.
FALSE
Learning Objective: 7.13 Describe the major way that bacteria divide; name another way used by fewer bacteria.
84. After binary fission, daughter cells will differ genetically.
FALSE
Learning Objective: 07.13 Describe the major way that bacteria divide; name another way used by fewer bacteria.
85. A closed culture system is used to determine a population growth curve.
TRUE
Learning Objective: 07.15 Compare and contrast the four phases of growth in a bacterial growth curve.
86. The degree of turbidity in a culture correlates to the amount of cell growth.
TRUE
Learning Objective: 07.16 Identify three methods besides a growth curve to count bacteria.
87. The direct cell count, using a cytometer, can calculate viable cell numbers from a sample.
FALSE
88. A Coulter counter can count viable cells as well as determine the size.
FALSE
89. Bacterial biofilms stimulate the immune system differently than planktonic bacteria.
TRUE
Learning Objective: 07.12 Discuss characteristics of biofilms that differentiate them from planktonic bacteria.
90. Planktonic bacteria are more susceptible to antibiotics as compared to biofilm

microorganisms.
TRUE
Learning Objective: 07.12 Discuss characteristics of biofilms that differentiate them from planktonic bacteria.
Microbiology A Systems Approach Cowan 4th Edition Test Bank
Chapter 007 Elements of Microbial Nutrition Ecology and Growth Summary
Category # of Que
stions
Learning Objective: 07.01 List the essential nutrients of a bacterial cell. 5
Learning Objective: 07.02 Differentiate between macronutrients and micronutrients. 6
Learning Objective: 07.03 Construct 4 different terms that describe an organism's sources of carbon and energy. 11
Learning Objective: 07.03 Construct four different terms that describe an organism's sources of carbon and energy. 2
Learning Objective: 07.04 Define saprobe and parasite. 3
Learning Objective: 07.05 Discuss diffusion and osmosis. 3
Learning Objective: 07.06 Identify the effects on a cell of isotonic 4
Learning Objective: 07.07 Name 2 types of passive transport and 3 types of active transport. 12
Learning Objective: 07.08 Name 5 types of bacteria based on their temperature preferences. 6
Learning Objective: 07.09 Explain how different organisms deal with oxygen. 14
Learning Objective: 07.10 Name 3 other physical factors that microbes must contend with. 3
Learning Objective: 07.10 Name 3 other physical factors that microbes must contend with. Learning objective: 07.08 Name 5 1
types of bacteria based on their temperature preferences.
Learning Objective: 07.10 Name three other physical factors that microbes must contend with. 1
Learning Objective: 07.11 List and describe the 5 types of associations microbes can have with their hosts 1
Learning Objective: 07.11 List and describe the 5 types of associations microbes can have with their hosts. 5
Learning Objective: 07.12 Discuss characteristics of biofilms that differentiate them from planktonic bacteria. 2
Learning Objective: 07.13 Describe the major way that bacteria divide; name another way used by fewer bacteria. 1
Learning Objective: 07.14 Define doubling time and how it relates to exponential growth 1
Learning Objective: 07.14 Define doubling time and how it relates to exponential growth. Learning objective: 07.15 Compare 2
and contrast the 4 phases of growth in a bacterial growth curve.
Learning Objective: 07.15 Compare and contrast the 4 phases of growth in a bacterial growth curve. 3
Learning Objective: 07.15 Compare and contrast the four phases of growth in a bacterial growth curve. 1
Learning Objective: 07.16 Identify 3 methods besides a growth curve to count bacteria. 2
Learning Objective: 07.16 Identify three methods besides a growth curve to count bacteria. 3
Learning Objective: 7.13 Describe the major way that bacteria divide; name another way used by fewer bacteria. 1
Learning Objective: and hypertonic conditions. 2
Learning Objective: hypotonic 2
Learning Objective: hypotonic and hypertonic conditions. 2
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Multiple Choice Questions

3. What compound has the highest concentration in a cell?

4. Most of the dry weight of a microbial cell is from

7. An important mineral ion of the cytochrome pigments of cellular respiration is

9. The term autotroph refers to an organism that:

A. Uses CO2 for its carbon source

A. Uses CO2 for its carbon source

11. Calcium is required for bacteria because

A. It stabilizes the cell wall

12. Growth factors

14. The term phototroph refers to an organism that

A. Uses CO2 for its carbon source

A. Uses CO2 for its carbon source

16. The methanogens, producers of methane gas, require environments that

18. The type of photosynthesis that does not produce oxygen

19. Archea as a group are not pathogens. This is because

A. They evolved without mammals

23. The term obligate refers to

A. The ability to exist in a wide range of conditions

24. The term facultative refers to

A. The ability to exist in a wide range of conditions

26. Diffusion of water through a semi permeable membrane is called

32. Which of the following require the cell to use ATP?

33. Contractile vacuoles are

A. Used to expel excess water from cells

34. Nutrient absorption is mediated by the

A. Releasing salt to the environment

36. Facilitated diffusion is limited by

45. Human pathogens fall into the group

A. Grows best in an anaerobic jar

A. Catalase and hydrogen peroxidases

52. An organism that cannot tolerate an oxygen environment is a/an

53. An organism that cannot grow without oxygen is a/an

55. A halophile would grow best in

56. A barophile would grow best in

58. The production of antibodies is a form of antagonism called

True / False Questions

71. Whether an organism is an autotroph or heterotroph depends on its source of nitrogen.

72. Whether an organism is a phototroph or a chemotroph depends on its source of energy.

73. Obligate saprobes can adapt to a living host.

79. Anaerobes can be cultured in a CO2 environment.

81. Bacteria have an average generation time of 24 hours.

84. After binary fission, daughter cells will differ genetically.

85. A closed culture system is used to determine a population growth curve.

Multiple Choice Questions

3. What compound has the highest concentration in a cell?

4. Most of the dry weight of a microbial cell is from

7. An important mineral ion of the cytochrome pigments of cellular respiration is

A. Uses CO2 for its carbon source

10. The term heterotroph refers to an organism that

A. Uses CO2 for its carbon source

11. Calcium is required for bacteria because

A. It stabilizes the cell wall

12. Growth factors

A. Uses CO2 for its carbon source

15. The term chemotroph refers to an organism that

A. Uses CO2 for its carbon source

16. The methanogens, producers of methane gas, require environments that

19. Archea as a group are not pathogens. This is because