From the

illustration,
answer the Warm Air

following guide
questions: Surrounding Air
From the illustration, answer the following guide questions: Warm Air

Q1: Is the movement of

warm air upward?

Answer: YES
Surrounding Air
From the illustration, answer the following guide questions: Warm Air

Q2: Why is it that the

warm air rises?
Answer: Warm air
rises because it is less
dense than cold air
from its surrounding. Surrounding Air
From the illustration, answer the following guide questions:
Warm Air

Q3: How will you describe

the movement of
surrounding air?
Answer: The
surrounding air move
towards where the
warm air is rising. Surrounding Air
From the illustration, answer the following guide questions:
Warm Air
Q4: Compare the direction of
movements between
surrounding air and warm air.

Answer: The surrounding

air move downward
(sinking) while warm air Surrounding Air
move upward (rising).
The air moves
upward or rises
when heated.
When air is heated, its
molecules gain enough energy
to move around faster and
spread out. When a mass of air
takes up more space, it
becomes less dense than the
surrounding air molecules.
Hence, warm air rises above
the cold and denser air below
it.
• The rising warm air
creates a low pressure
which pulls in cool air to
replace the rising air.
• Low pressure is
associated with rising air
as air particles leave the
surface. As the cool air
descends, it creates a
high pressure at the
surface. Air that moves
from places of high
pressure to low pressure
make WINDS.
A. Breezes
B. Monsoon
C. Intertropical Convergence Zone
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

1. Identify common atmospheric phenomena such as

breezes, monsoons, and intertropical convergence zone;
2. Compare the types of breezes and monsoons; and
3. Explains the occurrences of Intertropical convergence
zone, breezes, and monsoon.
4. Cite how the monsoons affect the Filipino farmers.
-Moving air.
- Air that is moving horizontally.
-Are caused by differences in air pressure.

AIR MOVES TOWARD THE PLACE WHERE

WARM AIR IS RISING.
 Directions: Study and analyze the differences between two
pictures:
PICTURE A PICTURE B

SEA LAND SEA LAND

Q1: Based on the two pictures, what are the directions of air
mQ2o:vWemhyenist?therea difference between the movement of air during
daytime and nighttime?
Q3: What do you call these movements of air in pictures A and B?
 Directions: Study and analyze the differences between two
pictures:
PICTURE A PICTURE B

SEA LAND SEA LAND

Q1: Based on the two pictures, what are the directions of air movement?
Answer: In picture A, the air is moving from sea to land while in picture
B, the air is moving from land to sea.
 Directions: Study and analyze the differences between two
pictures:
PICTURE A PICTURE B

SEA LAND SEA LAND

Q2: Why is there a difference between the movement of air during

daytime and nighttime?
Answer: There is a difference in the direction of the movement of air
because of the unequal temperature of air in our surroundings.
 Directions: Study and analyze the differences between two
pictures:
PICTURE A PICTURE B

SEA LAND SEA LAND

Q3: What do you call these movements of air in pictures A and B?

Answer: The movement of air in the pictures are called breezes.

-a wind that blows over a short distance.
-caused by the UNEQUAL heating of Earth’s
surface within a small region.

Example:
1. Sea breeze
2. Land breeze
During the day, the land heats up faster than the water in
the sea.
During the night, the land and sea will both cool
down. But the land will lose heat faster than the
water in the sea.
• Wind system that is characterized by seasonal reversal of
direction.
• Sea and land breezes over a large region that change
direction with seasons.

• Characterized by a dramatic seasonal change in the

direction of the prevailing winds over a large area. This
change in the direction of the prevailing winds brings about
changes in the amount of rainfall and leads to the distinct
wet and dry seasons.
Study and analyze the
following maps in figure 10
and 11. It show the air
pressure and directions of
winds in different parts of
the world. The letter L Image retrieved from: 0aIR2.jpg (700×332) (imgur.com)

indicates the areas with low

pressure, H for with high
pressure areas and
arrowheads indicate for the
direction of wind.

Image retrieved from: H6oA6.jpg (700×332) (imgur.com)

Q1: Trace the directions of the
arrows. In which area do the
winds move?
Q2: Locate the Philippines in
the map. From what direction
do the wind blow near the
country in January?
Q3: What type of monsoon
does the country experience
in January?
Image retrieved from: 0aIR2.jpg (700×332) (imgur.com)
Q1: Trace the directions of the arrows. In which area do the winds move?

Answer: The
winds move
from high
pressure area to
a low-pressure
area.
Image retrieved from: 0aIR2.jpg (700×332) (imgur.com)
Q2: Locate the Philippines in the map. From what direction do the wind
blow near the country in January?
Answer: The
wind blows
from Northeast
during the
month of
January.
Image retrieved from: 0aIR2.jpg (700×332) (imgur.com)
Q3: What type of monsoon does the country (Philippines) experience in January?

Answer:
Northeast monsoon
or Hanging Amihan
is the type of
monsoon
experienced during
the month of
January.

Image retrieved from: 0aIR2.jpg (700×332) (imgur.com)

Q4: In what direction do air of
different pressures move?
Why do you think so?
Q5: From what direction do
the winds blow near the
Philippines in July?
Q6: What type of monsoon
does the country (Philippines)
experience in July?
Image retrieved from: H6oA6.jpg (700×332) (imgur.com)
Q4: In what direction do air of different pressures move? Why do you think so?
Answer: Air always move
from high to low
pressure area, because if
the temperature of air is
high it will rise thus
creating the area low in
pressure, then cold air
from high-pressure area
will move towards the
low-pressure area to
replace the rising air.
Image retrieved from: H6oA6.jpg (700×332) (imgur.com)
 Q5: From what direction do the winds blow near the Philippines in July?

Answer: The
wind blow
Southwest
during the
month of July.

Image retrieved from: H6oA6.jpg (700×332) (imgur.com)

 Q6: What type of monsoon does the country (Philippines) experience in July?
Answer: The type of
monsoon that can be
experienced during
the month of July is
Southwest monsoon
or known as Hanging
Habagat.

Image retrieved from: H6oA6.jpg (700×332) (imgur.com)

 Two types of monsoon:
1. AMIHAN (Northeast Monsoon)
- comes from northeast and moves
toward the south.
-Affects the eastern parts of the
country from October to march.
-Slight to moderate rainfall.
1. HABAGAT (Southwest Monsoon)
-comes from southwest and moves
toward the north.
-Affects the western part of the
country from July to September.
-Heavy rainfall.

Philippines
The agency responsible fpor assessing and forecasting weather, flood, and other conditions
that are essentials for the safety of the people.
The agency responsible for assessing and forecasting weather, flood, and other conditions
that are essentials for the safety of the people.
Appears as a band of
clouds consisting of
showers, with occasional
thunderstorms, that
encircles the globe near
the equator.
 The place where winds in
the tropics meet or converge.
The equator is warmer than
the North and South poles, the
cooler air is drawn towards the
equator to replace the rising warm
air. Vapor pressure condenses as
air rises and cools in the ITCZ,
forming clouds and rain. This is
where monsoon rainfall occurs.
 SHAKE IT UP!!!
Directions: Fill in the missing word/phrase in the following statements in order to make it
correct on a separate sheet of paper. Choose your answer inside the box.
Low pressure Amihan Southwest Sea Unequal
High pressure Habagat Northeast Land Equal
1. The wind always blows from an area with ________to an area with
Low pressure
.
2. Land breeze is the movement of air from towards
While sea breeze is from towards .
3. Northeast monsoon is also known as

4. ____________is characterized with slight to moderate rainfall in the

Philippines during the months of December to February.
5. The movement of wind in our environment is caused by
temperature of air between land and water.
 SHAKE IT UP!!!
Directions: Fill in the missing word/phrase in the following statements in order to make it
correct on a separate sheet of paper. Choose your answer inside the box.
Low pressure Amihan Southwest Sea Unequal
High pressure Habagat Northeast Land Equal
1. The wind always blows from an area with High
________to
pressure an area with
Low pressure
Low pressure .
2. Land breeze is the movement of air from Land towards Sea

While sea breeze is from Sea towards Land .

3. Northeast monsoon is also known as Amihan
Amihan/NE
4. ____________is
Monsoon characterized with slight to moderate rainfall in the
Philippines during the months of December to February.
5. The movement of wind in our environment is caused by Unequal

temperature of air between land and water.

 YOUR TURN!
How the monsoons
affect the Filipino
farmers. Give some
monsoons’advantages
and disadvantages in
farming.
 How the monsoons affect the Filipino farmers.
YOUR TURN!
Give some monsoons’advantages and disadvantages
in farming.

Disadvantage of monsoon:

1.Rain water creates flood situation

everywhere and hence that kills thousands of
people and animals.
2.Excess rainfall forces migration of the
people living in the area closer to the river
catchment.
3. Also rain water causes excessive load on
our drainage system.
 How the monsoons affect the Filipino farmers.
YOUR TURN!
Give some monsoons’advantages and disadvantages
in farming.
Advantage of monsoon:

1. Seasonal monsoon rains can also

provide freshwater for drinking and
crop irrigation.
2. Allows plants to grow, eventually
fills streams, rivers, lakes, and ponds,
and rain adds humidity to the air.
Solar and Lunar Eclipses
 What is an eclipse?
• An eclipse occurs any time something passes in front of the
Sun, blocking its light. This can be the Earth or the Moon.
 Types of eclipses
• Lunar Eclipse- When the Earth casts a shadow
on the moon, causing the moon to go dark.

Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon

and casts a shadow on the Moon (Full Moon)

• Solar Eclipse- When the Moon casts a shadow

on the Earth, causing the sun to go dark.

The Moon comes between the Sun and Earth and

casts a shadow on part of Earth (New Moon)
• Umbra – The dark inner portion of the
shadow cone.
• Penumbral – the lighter outer portion of
the shadow.
Types of Solar Eclipses
Total Solar Eclipse – can only occur if you are at the exact spot within
the moon’s umbra (which isn’t very big).
Solar
Eclipse
Partial Solar Eclipse – Visible if you are in the penumbra of the
shadow. Only some of the Sun will be blocked by the Moon
 Annular Eclipse – occurs when the moon is farthest
from the Earth in its orbit. This makes the moon look
smaller, so during the eclipse you see an outer ring of
light from the Sun.
 Here is an animation showing a total solar eclipse

Remember that it is not safe to stare at a solar eclipse !!!

This animation shows that the moon creates a small shadow which
Only allows certain areas of the earth to see a total solar eclipse.
The diagram shows
Lunar Eclipse
That the moon is covered by the
Earth’s shadow, which makes this
Eclipse safe to look at.
Notice the moon sometimes turns red
When totality occurs.
If you are in the umbra of the shadow, you will see a total eclipse.
If you are in the penumbra of the shadow, you will have a partial eclipse
Types of Lunar Eclipses
 Total Lunar Eclipse – when the Moon passes
completely into the Umbra, or total shadow of the Earth.
Partial Lunar Eclipse – Occur when the Moon does not fully move into
the Umbra
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse – When the moon passes only through the
penumbra, or partial shadow. They are barely visible.
This is an animation showing a total lunar eclipse from start
To finish.
 Why Don’t We See Lunar
Eclipses More Often?
• Lunar eclipses don’t happen every month because the
Moon’s orbit is tilted. So, during most months, the Moon is
above or below the Earth.