23/10/2018

Questions

• Apakah yang sedang terjadi di wilayah

Lessons Learned dari Gempa Lombok dan
Sulawesi Tengah: Implikasi untuk Jawa Barat
Sri WIDIYANTORO#,*, A.D. Nugraha, M. Ridwan,
Zulfakriza, P. Supendi, S. Rosalia
#Dekan dan Guru Besar FTTM, ITB
Indonesia sehingga akhir-akhir ini sering
terjadi gempa?
• Bagaimana potensi kejadian gempa di masa
mendatang?
• Seberapa besar potensi kerusakan yang akan
ditimbulkan, khususnya di kota-kota besar

*Ketua Pokja Seismologi, Tim Nasional Peta Sumber

akibat gempa mendatang?
dan Bahaya Gempa

Aula Timur, ITB, 23 Oktober 2018

Regional earthquakes (1964 – 2005)

Outline and seismographic stations

• Rentetan gempa Lombok Juli-Agustus 2018

• Gempa dan tsunami Donggala-Palu (Sulawesi
Tengah) 28 September 2018
• Implikasi untuk Jawa Barat
• Beberapa langkah antisipasi yang diperlukan

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Rentetan gempa Lombok Data BMKG (Dimas Salomo)

Juli-Agustus 2018

Data USGS

Gempa dan Tsunami Donggala-Palu

Sebelum relokasi hiposenter
28 September 2018

Data BMKG Gusman et al. (in prep.)

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Setelah relokasi hiposenter

Natawidjaja dkk. (2017)

Courtesy of R. Hall (2018)

Widiyantoro dkk. (2017)

P-wave tomographic model

USGS Data (Widiyantoro, 2018)

Palu

ak135 (%)

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Gempa Lebak M 6,1

23 Januari 2018
sebagai gentle
reminder

Historical Earthquakes

While no earthquakes have caused

widespread damage in West Java since 1699
before the 20th century, large events 1780
impacting Jakarta (then Batavia) occurred 1834
in the 18th and 19th centuries.

January 5, 1699
Wide damage area extending from W Java to
Sumatra: M=8, intraslab.
January 22, 1780
Felt throughout Java, most damage in Jakarta:
Inferred MMIs and
M=7 on Baribis Fault.
population per
October 10 1834 100mX100m grid.
Felt as far as Central Java and Sumatra: M=7
on Baribis Fault.

http://puskim.pu.go.id/informasi/buku-
peta-gempa-2017/

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"It’s all down to

rigorous building
codes, Hazard 2500y (2010) http://Puskim.pu.go.id/w
p-
evacuation content/uploads/2017/P
eta-Sumber-dan-Bahaya-

simulations and, Gempa-Indonesia-

2017.pdf

above all,
preparation" Hazard 2500y (2017)

Create a Disaster Preparedness Plan for your

house or place of work. Know what you and
How to Prepare for an Earthquake your family are going to do before the
earthquake happens. Form your plan together
and go over it on a regular basis. The most
important first step is understanding what to
• https://www.wikihow.com/Prepare-for-an- do the moment an earthquake hits. This plan
needs to: Identify the best places for cover in
Earthquake your building. Under sturdy desks and tables
and inside strong interior door frames are
good places. If there is no other cover, lay on
the floor next to an interior wall and protect
your head and neck. Stay away from large
furniture, mirrors, external walls and windows,
kitchen cabinets, and anything heavy that isn't
bolted down.
Teach everyone how to signal for help if
trapped. Rescuers searching collapsed
buildings will be listening for sounds, so try
knocking three times repeatedly or blow an
emergency whistle if you have access to one.
Practice until it is second nature. Practice this
plan often -- you only have a few seconds to
make adjustments in a real earthquake.

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Ministry of Civil Defence (NZ)

• If an earthquake is long or
strong, get gone!
Terima Kasih

https://www.civildefence.govt.nz

Supplementary Material
Bedrock depth and Vs30 maps
(Ridwan et al., in prep.)

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Preparing an Emergency
Earthquake Kit
• Prepare disaster supplies in advance, making sure the
entire house knows where to find everything.
• Purchase enough emergency food and water for at least
three days.
• Buy a solar or manual crank flashlight and radio, or a
normal flashlight with extra batteries.
• Create a First Aid kit.
• Put together a basic tool kit that can help get out of the
house in an emergency.
• Store miscellaneous supplies to make an emergency stay
more comfortable.
Practice "drop, cover and hold on"
until it becomes second nature. In a
real earthquake, this is your number
one defense. Drop to the floor, take
cover under a sturdy desk or table
and hold on firmly. Be prepared for
shaking and falling objects. You
should practice this in every room of
the house, knowing your protected
areas no matter where you are when
an earthquake hits. If you are outside,
move into the open, away from
anything that could fall or collapse
like telegraph poles and buildings.
Drop and cover your head from falling
objects. Stay there until the shaking
stops.
23/10/2018
Preparing Your Home to Minimize
Damage
• Fasten any large items securely to the walls and floor.
• Install shatter-safe window films to protect from
breaking glass.
• Place breakable items (bottles, glass, etc.) in closed
cabinets that have latches.
• Remove or secure hanging objects from above seating
and sleeping areas.
• Check with a professional, your landlord, or the zoning
board that your house is up-to-date with earthquake
protections.
• Work with your community to find meeting points,
preparedness workshops, and support groups
Learn basic first aid and
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(CPR) or make sure there is at
least one person in the house
knows it. There are resources in
your community to educate you
and your family on how to deal
with first aid emergencies. Your
local Red Cross has monthly
classes as well that will teach you
the basic skills to deal with most
common injuries and situations. If
you cannot attend a class,
purchase basic first aid books and
put them with each stash of
emergency supplies in the house.
Having a first aid kit or highly
recommended.
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Decide on a rallying point for your
family for after the earthquake. It
should be away from buildings. Go
over what your family should do in the
event that not everyone makes it to
the rallying point. If you have civil
defense safety meeting points (as
designated by your town), be sure that
every member of the family knows the
location of the one closest to home,
school, and work. Identify an out-of-
area contact person, like an out-of-
state aunt or uncle, that your family
can call and get in touch with one
another. If you can't call each other for
some reason, make sure you call them
to help coordinate a meet-up. Use FRS
and GMRS service (GMRS requires a
license by FCC in US) to contact each
other. Phone lines get congested in
disaster. Some FRS and GMRS radio
can send radio waves up to 40 miles!
Write down and share
emergency contact lists. This
should include everyone in your
home, office, etc. You need to
know who must be accounted
for and how to get in touch with
them if they can't be found. In
addition to normal contact
information, ask each person to
provide and emergency contact
as well. You should also include:
Names and numbers of
neighbors.
Name and number of the
landlord.
Important medical information.
Emergency numbers for fire,
medical, police, and insurance.
23/10/2018
Learn how to turn off the
utilities in your house,
especially the gas line. A
broken gas line leaks
flammable gas into the
environment which can lead to
a very dangerous explosion if
untended. You should learn
how to operate your utilities
now so that, in the event you
smell leaking gas, you can
quickly stop the problem.
Try to develop routes and
methods for getting home
after an earthquake has
occurred. There is no way to
know what time of day an
earthquake might strike, you
may be at work, at school, on a
bus, or in a train when one
strikes. It is highly likely that
you will need to know several
ways to get home since roads
and bridges will likely be
obstructed for long periods of
time. Note any potentially
dangerous structures, like
bridges, and figure out a route
around them if need be.
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Buku PuSGeN (2017)

Donggala-Palu M 7.4
Earthquake
(28/09/2018)

S. Widiyantoro
FTTM – ITB

Widiyantoro dkk. (2017) Natawidjaja dkk. (2017)

Courtesy of Prof. R. Hall (2018)

An image of the fault, offshore and onshore. Onshore
uses SRTM with 30m pixel size, offshore deeper areas has
multibeam bathymetry with 15m pixel size. Straight line
edges are artefacts due to the use of global bathymetry
from satellite gravity with 1 km pixels to fill the areas
between coast and multibeam images.

Very clear trace of the fault offshore just west of the

Sulawesi neck is seen.

The depths of the narrow flat bottomed basins along the

fault are about 1000m so you can see there are very
steep slopes from nearby land. Maximum elevations in
the neck are about 1500m. Distance from the coast to the
deep basins varies from about 6 to 10 km. So not very Courtesy of Dr. Sri Hidayati
surprising that there would be submarine slope failures. (PVMBG, 2018)
Something like that probably initiated the tsunami.

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Courtesy of R. Hall (2018)

Liquefaction

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The Palu-Koro fault ruptures in a

M=7.5 quake in Sulawesi, Indonesia,
triggering a tsunami

Global earthquakes (1964 – 2005)

and seismographic stations

Engdahl et al. (1998); an updated version

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Muhari et al. (2018)

http://temblor.net/earthquake-insights/finding-of-the-unexpected-tsunami-due-to-the-
strike-slip-fault-at-central-sulawesi-indonesia-on-28-september-2018-from-the-
preliminary-field-survey-at-palu-7855/amp/?__twitter_impression=true

Source: USGS

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