1. INTERSTITIAL FLUID ECF 5.

6.
DIGESTIVE FLUID
URINARY TRACT FLUID
2. CSF
7. SYNOVIAL FLUID
3.
4.
INTRAOCCULAR FLUID
BLOOD PLASMA BLOOD 30 - 35% of ECF 8. SEROUS FLUID
1. Mobile connective tissue • 70 Kg body weight has 5.5 Lts of blood. 9. LYMPH PLASMA
2. River of life • Slight alkaline (pH 7.4)
FLUID - Plasma 3. Softest tissue of the body • pH in artery > vein CELLS - Formed elements
Pale yellow, clear 55% of Blood 45% of Blood
translucent
Blood Corpuscles
Composition Composition
A. Water - 90 - 92%
A. Erythrocytes (RBC) B. Leucocytes (WBC) C. Thrombocytes (Platelets)
B. Solids - 8%
1. Anti-coagulant: Heparin - conjugated polysaccharide Heading RBC WBC Platelets
Counts 4.5 million/mm3 in F 6000-8000/mm3 1,50,000 -
- prevent coagulation of blood inside vessels 3,50,000/mm3
5 million/mm3 in M WBC: RBC:: 1:600
2. Blood clotting factors: present in plasma in inactive ↑Counts Erythrocytosis Leucocytosis Thrombocytosis
form. Plasma - Clotting Factors = SERUM* ↓ Counts Erythrocytopenia Leucopenia Thrombocytopenia
3. Compounds for self-defense: Abnormal↑ Polycythemia Leukemia (Malignancy)
Formation Stimulus →↑EPO from Grnulocytes & Monocytes - Formed from
a. Immunoglobulins (Igs) - act as antibodies Anti-bacterial
kidney cells → ↑EPO formed in bone marrow, megakaryocytes (very
b. Lysozyme - a polysaccharide Anti viral hormone in blood → Lymphocytes - Lymph Nodes, large cells of the bone
c. Properdin - a large protein Destroys toxins stimulates bone marrow spleen, thymus, tonsils, bone marrow)
4. Discharging / Excretory substances: → ↑production of RBCЖ marrow, Peyer’s patches [THROMBOPOIESIS]
[ERYTHROPOIESIS] [LEUCOCYTOSIS / LEUCOPOIESIS]
Urea, Uric acid, Creatin, Cratinine etc.
Size 7-8𝜇𝑚 diameter, 1-2 𝜇𝑚 12-20𝜇𝑚 in diameter 2-3𝜇𝑚 in diameter
5. Enzymes, Vitamins & hormones: thick near rim
6. Minerals: Na+, Ca++, Mg++, HCO3-, Cl- Shape Biconcave circular - gas Round or irregular, can Rounded or oval disc
exchange advantage b/c it change shape like amoeba -
7. Nutrients: Glucose, AA, Lipids has more SA than sphere. amoeboid movement -
8. Proteins: (6-8% of plasma) - Enucleated - in all adult squeeze out of the capillaries
mammals into tissue - diapedesis
a. Albumin - for osmotic balance (Oncotic pressure)
Structure Do not have cell organelles It has Cell membrane, Flat and non-
b. Globulin - for defense mechanism & nucleus, thus Cytoplasm & Nucleus nucleated fragments
c. Fibrinogen - for blood clotting • Instead of sphere it a. Agranulocyte - L / M of cell; bits of
C. Dissolved gases: 1- 2%: O2, CO2, N2 become biconcave → b. Granulocyte - E / B / N protoplasm bound by
more SA → enables to a membrane with
have ↑Hb in cytoplasm. few organelles &
*खुरंट हटने के बाद जो पानी जैसा पदार्थ ननकलता है नजसमे क्लॉनटं ग फैक्टसथ नहीं होते
• Less O2 demand. secretary basophilic
Anemia - ↓ in Hb due to less iron reserves
• Anaerobic respi in RBC granules in centreǂ
Erythrocytosis: Exercise, High altitude - to meet ↑ demand of O2.
Haemoglobin = Heme + Globin
EPO = Erythropoietin
Ж Life span 120 days Granulocytes - 4-5 hr in blood 7 days (1 week)
Site of RBC production: Early few weeks embryonic - yolk sac;
circulation then 4-5 days in
Late embryonic - liver & Spleen & Birth onward - bone marrow
ǂGp of basophilic granules in the centre give appear of a nucleus tissue; M - 10-20 hrs; L : few
days/months/years as body’s
need.