256 Pressure Vessel Manual

or reiJltolrcil1tg are sized. The tolJlowing 5. Increase thickness or an entire

to reclucing course.
6.
1. Increase the size of the attachment. 7.
2. of attachments.
3. of the attachment to further rustri-
The oU'tlinled herein do not to local
4. Add reintor(;ing should not be condition of internal restraint
di~;continujty stresses. Local stresses as defined
to extemal mechanical loads. The
be the extemal loads caused
ment and should be cOlltirluclUsly "'<OJUcu. Shell stresses attached but this is not a
must be imres'tig:ated For an outline of local sec
the as in 1.

P internal pressure,
external pressure,
mean radius of in. T intemal tefISicll1/lcmnprcs:sicm Ib
= distance to centroid of nn!!-shell. J'\.~•. ''\.T.J·~. = intemal moment co«~lIicients
M = internal moment in inAb internal tCllsilol1l'COmIJre:ssion coefficients
external circumferential moment, inAb = shell stresses,
external moment or Z = section mc)dlilus, in. 3
attachment in.-Ib t = shell thi(;knc::ss, in.
0'1"111",.,,1 l(m~(itlldinaJ moment on in.-Ib lorlgiltuclimll stress,
Ib a", = circumferential stress,
aUa1chm.ent, Ib of shell which acts with att<lchmtmt,
= t~QIJIIV~ilel1t radial load on I-in. in.
Ib () :lncTnlllr dist:ln(;C between loads or from
fl= resultant radial Ib
pr = radial lb V,T = total above under con-

Fy
Clockwise ... As shown ( ... )
Cou,nte«:Ioek.wise ( - ) Opposite shown! Outward! ... ) Inward (
Due to localized moment, Me Due \0 tangential force, Fr Due to radial load. P,

Figure 5--1. Moment diagrams for various ring loadings.