14” CI-11

Final Report

90km 14” CI-11 Pipeline

Final Report
P04004-PAT-FR-01 CI-11 Rev 02

Pipeline Innovations Ltd.

Unit 41B,
Colbourne Crescent
Cramlington
Northumberland
NE23 1WB

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Rev Date Description By Appr PM

00 06/04/23 Issue For Comment MA CH
01 28/04/23 Issue For Comment MA CH
02 22/05/23 Issue For Comment MA CH

Revision Change Notices

Rev Section Description
01

Distribution List
Name Organisation Email
Richie Gill CNRL Richie.Gill@cnrl.com
Carlos Lozano CNRL Carlos.Lozano@cnrl.com
Peter Ward Pipeline Innovations Ltd pw@pipeinn.com
Clive Hughes Pipeline Innovations Ltd ch@pipeinn.com

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Contents
Revision Change Notices ..................................................................................................................... 2
Distribution List ................................................................................................................................... 2
Contents .............................................................................................................................................. 3
1. Glossary ........................................................................................................................................... 4
2. Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 6
3. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 7
4. Pipeline Details................................................................................................................................ 7
5. Tool Details ..................................................................................................................................... 8
5.1. Specification ............................................................................................................................. 8
5.2. Drawings .................................................................................................................................. 8
6. Operations ...................................................................................................................................... 9
6.1. Run Log..................................................................................................................................... 9
6.2. Tool Velocity........................................................................................................................... 10
6.3. Tool Condition ........................................................................................................................ 10
7. Data Analysis ................................................................................................................................. 11
7.1. Data Quality ........................................................................................................................... 11
7.2. Internal Diameter Measurement ........................................................................................... 11
7.3. Pipeline Features.................................................................................................................... 12
7.4. Minimum Bore Measurement ............................................................................................... 17
7.5. Dents, Ovality and Anomalies ................................................................................................ 18
7.6. Deposits.................................................................................................................................. 51
8. Conclusions ................................................................................................................................... 51
Appendix 1 Tool Calibration .................................................................................................................. 52
Appendix 2 Diameter plots ................................................................................................................... 54

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1. Glossary
Abbreviations Definitions
Cal Calibration
EM Electro magnetic
ft/' foot
GA General Assembly
GW Girth weld
ID Internal Diameter
ILI Inline inspection
in/" inch
km Kilometre
m metre
MFL Magnetic flux leakage
mi Mile
mm millimetre
OD Outer Diameter
PF Pathfinder
PIL Pipeline Innovations Limited
PLET Pipeline End Termination
PLR Pipeline Launcher/Receiver
PV Pressure Vessel
Rev Revision
s seconds
S (1-24) Sensor X
UT Ultrasonic testing
WT Wall Thickness
Table 1.1: Abbreviations

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Terms Definitions
A deformation of the pipeline that does not match the definition of a dent
Anomaly
or ovality.
Bend A change in direction of the pipe.
Caliper An inspection tool for providing geometric data.
Clock Angular position referenced to the pipe. (12 O’clock top)
Debris Extraneous material in a pipeline.
A local, inward plastic or elastic deformation of the pipe wall resulting in a
Dent
change of the internal diameter caused by an external force.
Any physical object detected by the tool. Features may be anomalies,
Feature
components, welds, bends, or some other item.
A pig made from foam of varying densities often used for proving or low risk
foam pig
progressive cleaning
A gauge plate is a sized disc a certain % under the nominal diameter.
Gauge plate
Designed to bend if an obstruction is encountered.
A complex smart pig designed to give high resolution data often using mfl or
Inline inspection/ILI
ut.
Single section (also pipe spool) of pipe that is circumferentially welded to
Joint
form a pipeline.
An ancillary item of pipeline equipment, with associated pipe work and
Launcher
valves, for introducing a tool into a pipeline (launcher trap).
Logging Recording Data
A mandrel pig is a solid bodied pig, these can be augmented to complete
Mandrel pig
certain tasks.
Manifold A subsea installation
Minimum ID/Bore Smallest measured Diameter
Out-of-roundness of the pipe joint, defined in terms of the difference
Ovality
between the maximum and minimum internal diameter of the pipe joint.
Pathfinder A foam pig capable of collecting geometric data such as bores and bends
Pig a tool that travels through the pipeline
A system of joints and other components used for the transportation of
products. A pipeline extends from launcher tool trap to receiver tool trap,
Pipeline including the tool traps, or, if no tool trap is fitted, to the first isolation valve
within the plant boundaries or a more inward valve if so nominated and
designed to a pipeline design code.
An ancillary item of pipeline equipment, with associated pipe work and
Receiver
valves, for removing a tool from a pipeline (receiver trap).
Spool length of pipe
A device that uses either electromagnetic or acoustic pulses to aid in the
Transmitter
location of the pig
The wall thickness required by the specification for the manufacture of the
Wall Thickness
pipe
Weld The area where joining has been realised by welding.
Table 1.2: Definitions

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2. Executive Summary
Two foam caliper pig surveys of the 90km 14” CL-11 pipeline were carried out, Run 1 on 28-
29/03/23 and run 2 on 31/03/23-02/04/23. The survey was carried out using the Pipeline Innovations
Ltd. 14” Pathfinder Foam caliper Pig. The tools were propelled by gas during the pigging operations.
The objective of the survey was to provide baseline geometry and deposit survey of the line.
After run 1 a number of severe anomalies were identified, a second tool was run to confirm
the results of the first run. This report is based on run 2 with supporting information from run 1.
The pig was loaded into the PLR. The tool was activated prior to launch by connecting the run plug and
logging was confirmed by observing the flashing green light. When the pig was received it was
observed that the green light was flashing indicating that the pig was still logging. The run plug was
removed to stop logging and the USB lead connected to establish communications with the logger.
The Pathfinder run time from launch to receive was 39 hours 39 minutes.
The foam caliper tool can be confirmed to have collected data over the full line from launch
to receive.
The findings from the data analysis are:

• In general, all measurements were consistent with internal bore data provided by the client.

• Five dents greater than the reporting criteria of 2% of nominal pipe ID were identified. Dent 3
was identified as the minimum bore located approximately 2250m from launch and is thought
to be caused by either a dent or debris at 6 O’clock.

• No ovality features greater than 5% of nominal pipe ID were identified in this survey.

• Four anomalous features greater than 2% of nominal pipe ID were identified in this survey.

• Deposits in the line were identified primarily as the cause for the anomalies. Total volume of
deposits is thought to be very low.

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3. Introduction
Two foam caliper pig surveys of the 90km 14” CL-11 pipeline was carried out Run 1 on 28-
29/03/23 and run 2 on 31/03/23-02/04/23. The survey was carried out using the Pipeline Innovations
Ltd. 14” Pathfinder Foam Caliper Pig. The tools were propelled by gas during the pigging operations.
The objective of the survey was to provide baseline geometry and deposit survey of the line.
After run 1 a number of severe anomalies were identified, a second tool was run to confirm
the results of the first run. This report is based on run 2 with supporting information from run 1.

4. Pipeline Details
Pipeline 90km 14” CI-11
Client CNRL
Project No P04004
Pipe Diameter 14”
Wall Thickness (mm) 6.35, 7.14, 9.53
Nominal Bores (mm) 342.9, 341.3, 336.5
Pipe Length 90km
Launch Site Kraffi Terminal
Receive Site Lion Gas Terminal
Product Dry gas
Run Date 31/03/23 - 02/04/23
Table 4.1: Pipeline Details provided by client

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5. Tool Details
5.1. Specification
Size Diameter - 14”; OD = 356mm; Length = 644mm;
Seal Length = 546mm
Run Length >100 km
Run Time 400 hr
Maximum Operating Speed 4.0 m/s
Continuous Operating Temperature 0°C to 70°C
Maximum Operating Pressure 100 Bar (Standard)
Maximum Local Bore Reduction (non-uniform) 30%
Minimum Bend Radius 0.5D
Number of Caliper Sensors 16
Caliper Sensor Resolution/Sensitivity <1mm
Sample Rate 200Hz / 5mm @ 1m/s
Roll Angle Sensors 10°
Tilt Sensor 1°
Heading Sensor (Gyroscope) 5°
Minimum ID Change 1mm
Dent Depth Resolution <2mm
Ovality 2mm
Bore Measurement 2mm
Tool Bypass 0
Table 5.1: Pathfinder Specification

5.2. Drawings
Title Drawing Number
14” Pathfinder GA
Table 5.2: Reference Drawing Listings

Figure 5.2: 14” Pathfinder GA

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6. Operations
The pig was loaded into the PLR. The tool was activated prior to launch by connecting the run
plug and logging was confirmed by observing the flashing green light. When the pig was received it
was observed that the green light was flashing indicating that the pig was still logging. The run plug
was removed to stop logging and the USB lead connected to establish communications with the
logger. The Pathfinder run time from launch to receive was 39 hours 39 minutes.

6.1. Run Log

The following details on pig activities and timings were taken from the tool for run 1 and provided by
the client for run 2.

90km 14” CI-11 Run 1

Date: 28/03/2022
08:32 Tool Started
09:52 Launched
Date: 29/04/2022
21:19 Received
23:04 Shutdown
Table 6.1.1: run log (run 1)

90km 14” CI-11 Run 2

Date: 31/03/2022
12:31 Tool Started
14:01 Launched
Date: 02/04/2022
05:42 Received
11:47 Shutdown
Table 6.2.2: run log (run 2)

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6.2. Tool Velocity

The average velocity of the Pathfinder tool was calculated using the run time from launch to
receive and the known length of the line. This has been calculated for 2 sections

Run 2 Kraffi terminal to Foxtrot Terminal Foxtrot Terminal to Lion Gas Terminal
Time (s) 107950 34765
Distance (m) 16528 74672
Average Speed (m/s) 0.15 2.15
Table 6.2.1: Survey Average Velocity Run 2

Run 1 Kraffi terminal to Foxtrot Terminal Foxtrot Terminal to Lion Gas Terminal
Time (s) 91703 34150
Distance (m) 16528 74672
Average Speed (m/s) 0.18 2.19
Table 6.2.2: Survey Average Velocity Run 1

6.3. Tool Condition

The tool was received in good condition.

Figure 6.3: Tool Condition

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7. Data Analysis
7.1. Data Quality
The caliper data obtained displays clean signals and minimal noise for the full run length. The
accelerometer and gyroscope channels all functioned correctly and displayed good resolution.
The caliper tool can be confirmed to have collected data over the full line from launch to receive.

As the pathfinder doesn’t have ODOs we rely on girth-welds to measure distance, we pick girth-welds
using a combination of sensors. We usually detect a small change in diameter on the caliper sensors
and on the gyros/accelerometers we detect a kick as the tool bumps into the weld.

Girth weld detection was difficult between Kraffi terminal to Foxtrot terminal due to the slow speed.
The low speed meant the gyro/accelerometer signals were too small to be measured in most places
and we primarily relied on caliper sensors.

7.2. Internal Diameter Measurement

There were a number of unexpected changes in the bore as detailed in the feature table. These bore
changes look to be real as shown below.

Figure 7.2: Bore change example.

The internal diameters details for features are listed in Table 7.3.

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7.3. Pipeline Features

The pipeline features are detailed in Table 7.3 and marked on the diameter plots in Appendix 3.
Bend radius measurements were taken of bends with an angle >30° as bends lower then this were
thought to be low risk to pigging operations.
Feature Time Time Bend Bend Bend
Feature ID mm)
Identification Start (s) End (s) Direction Angle (°) Radius (D)
1 5380.6 Launch
2 5419 5426.1 Bend Over 45 3 332.6
3 5432.8 5439.1 Bend Under 45 3 332.5
Bore 330-
4 5605.3
Change 336.3
5 5612.5 5615.9 Bend Left 30 3 336.4
Bore 336.3-
6 5995.5
Change 342.9
7 15805.7 18772.9 Dent 310
8 19360.7 19524.2 Dent 334
9 27554.1 27576.6 Dent 304
10 27819 28040.3 Anomaly 317
11 29118.2 29263.4 Anomaly 321
12 29495.3 29556.8 Anomaly 332
13 29649.9 29685.6 Anomaly 316
Bore 342.9-
14 32478.8
Change 341.3
Bore 341.3-
15 32598.2
Change 342.9
Bore 342.9-
16 38621.7
Change 341.3
17 41159.3 41189.2 Bend Under 10 342
Bore 341.3-
18 41284.7
Change 342.9
Bore 342.9-
19 44722
Change 341.3
Bore 341.3-
20 44812.7
Change 342.9
21 45136.2 45170.4 Bend Right 5 343.2
22 47498.3 47522.2 Bend Left 5 342.1
23 49121.6 49143.5 Bend Left 5 342.1
24 50398.4 50454.3 Bend Right 10 342.3
25 52842 52865.5 Bend Left 10 342
26 63572.8 63585.8 Bend Right 5 341.1
27 65236.7 65273.5 Bend Left 15 341.8
Bore 342.9-
28 69974.2
Change 341.3
29 71549.8 71605.3 Bend Right 10 338.9
30 78467 78531.8 Bend Left 15 339.2

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Feature Time Time Bend Bend Bend

Feature ID mm)
Identification Start (s) End (s) Direction Angle (°) Radius (D)
Bore 341.3-
31 78728.3
Change 342.9
32 81703.1 81751.7 Bend Right 20 342.1
33 91436.6 91453.7 Bend Left 5 341.3
34 113475.7 113476.1 Dent 332
Bore 342.9-
35 113856.5
Change 341.3
Bore 341.3-
36 113862.3
Change 342.9
37 113891.1 113891.8 Dent 335
38 114188.9 114191.1 Bend Left 5 339.2
39 114457.5 114458.8 Bend Left 5 342.2
40 115641.6 115643.2 Bend Right 5 339.8
Bore 342.9-
41 116208.2
Change 336.5
Bore 336.5-
42 116223.4
Change 342.9
43 117970.1 117971.7 Bend Left 5 339.4
44 117996.3 117997.9 Bend Under 5 340.3
45 118932.5 118934 Bend Right 5 342.7
46 119261.5 119264.2 Bend Left 5 343.7
47 119815.5 119816.7 Bend Right 5 342.3
48 120124.1 120125.9 Bend Left 5 346.2
49 122015.2 122017.9 Bend Left 10 343.6
50 122021 122023.1 Bend Left 10 343.6
51 122270.6 122272.8 Bend Right 10 340.1
52 122276.6 122280 Bend Right 10 340.8
53 122333 122336 Bend Left 10 340.6
54 122339.5 122342.3 Bend Left 10 341.6
55 122346.5 122349.2 Bend Left 10 340.4
56 122935.2 122937.4 Bend Right 10 340
57 122941.6 122944.2 Bend Right 10 340
58 123059.4 123062.5 Bend Left 25 337.5
59 123211.6 123221.8 Bend Left 25 339.2
60 123284.1 123288.5 Bend Left 25 338.8
61 123330.4 123333 Bend Right 20 337.1
62 123446.5 123451.4 Bend Right 30 >9 338.2
63 123452 123457.7 Bend Right 30 >9 338.2
Bore 342.9-
64 123478.3
Change 336.5
Bore 336.5-
65 123486.3
Change 342.9
66 123493.9 123497.2 Bend Right 25 338

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Feature Time Time Bend Bend Bend

Feature ID mm)
Identification Start (s) End (s) Direction Angle (°) Radius (D)
67 125155.7 125157.5 Bend Under 5 336.7
68 125159.3 125161 Bend Over 5 336.7
69 125164.4 125166.2 Bend Over 5 336.7
70 125168.4 125170.2 Bend Under 10 337.9
71 125205.3 125208.3 Bend Left 10 338.2
72 125346.5 125349.3 Bend Left 10 338.4
73 125510.5 125512.5 Bend Right 5 337.1
74 125612.7 125616.7 Bend Left 15 338.7
75 125701.3 125705.6 Bend Right 20 337.9
76 125936.4 125940.5 Bend Left 10 337.5
77 126087.2 126089.8 Bend Left 10 337.2
78 126156.3 126160.6 Bend Right 10 337.1
79 126259.3 126264.5 Bend Right 25 336.8
80 126326.5 126328.7 Bend Left 10 337.7
81 126516.9 126519.2 Bend Left 10 337.5
82 126648.3 126652.4 Bend Right 20 337
83 126768.7 126770.9 Bend Left 10 337.9
84 126775.2 126777.3 Bend Left 10 337.9
85 126781.2 126783.7 Bend Left 10 337.9
86 126925.8 126934.8 Bend Right 45 NA* 333.2
87 127085.5 127089.7 Bend Left 15 337.4
88 127353.8 127357.3 Bend Left 15 337.7
89 127359.6 127362.6 Bend Left 15 337.8
90 128419.3 128423.6 Bend Right 20 339.4
91 128425.5 128429.4 Bend Right 20 338.6
92 129060.1 129064 Bend Right 20 339
93 129065.2 129069.2 Bend Right 20 338.9
94 129070.4 129074.8 Bend Right 20 338.9
95 129076.5 129080.3 Bend Right 20 338.4
96 129818.6 129822.7 Bend Left 20 339.1
97 129824.4 129829.3 Bend Left 20 339.1
98 129830.6 129834.2 Bend Left 20 339.6
99 129836.4 129840.3 Bend Left 20 339.9
100 130157.8 130159.5 Bend Right 5 339.4
101 131229.9 131232.1 Bend Right 5 339.9
102 131298.1 131300.1 Bend Left 5 340.2
103 131355.6 131357 Bend Right 5 340.2
104 131360.8 131362.2 Bend Over 5 340.2
105 131376.8 131378.4 Bend Under 5 341

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Feature Time Time Bend Bend Bend

Feature ID mm)
Identification Start (s) End (s) Direction Angle (°) Radius (D)
106 131442.9 131444.6 Bend Under 5 340.5
107 131456.6 131457.9 Bend Over 5 340.4
108 131461.7 131462.7 Bend Under 5 340.4
109 132251.9 132253.5 Bend Over 5 341.6
110 132269.4 132270.5 Bend Under 5 342.8
111 132320.6 132322.5 Bend Over 5 341.6
112 132380.8 132381.7 Bend Under 5 342.2
113 132388.8 132390 Bend Under 5 342
114 132442.6 132443.9 Bend Left 5 342.1
115 132445.6 132446.7 Bend Left 5 342.1
116 132478.8 132481.2 Bend Right 10 342.7
117 132494.7 132495.9 Bend Under 5 342.9
118 132537.5 132538.5 Bend Under 5 342
119 132543.6 132545 Bend Under 5 342
120 132555.5 132556.7 Bend Over 5 341.8
121 132843.2 132844.4 Bend Over 5 343.3
122 132849.4 132850.7 Bend Under 5 343.4
123 133151.9 133153 Bend Left 5 343.3
124 133185.7 133187.3 Bend Right 5 343.4
125 133206 133207.4 Bend Under 5 343.1
126 133256.6 133257.8 Bend Under 5 342.9
127 133276.4 133278 Bend Over 5 343.2
128 133545.2 133546.7 Bend Right 5 343.5
129 133562.4 133563.6 Bend Under 5 343.5
130 133640.9 133642 Bend Under 5 342.9
131 133650.2 133651.3 Bend Over 5 342.7
132 134008.7 134009.9 Bend Under 5 342.5
133 134015.9 134017.1 Bend Over 5 343
134 134036.1 134037.4 Bend Right 5 342.8
135 134341.8 134343.2 Bend Over 5 343.1
136 134354.5 134355.6 Bend Under 5 343.4
137 134360.2 134361.5 Bend Under 5 343.4
138 134418.7 134419.8 Bend Under 5 342.5
139 134428.3 134429.4 Bend Over 5 342.3
140 134715.3 134717.2 Bend Left 5 343.8
141 134796.1 134797.6 Bend Under 5 342.5
142 134808.2 134809.5 Bend Over 5 342.8
143 134811.9 134813.1 Bend Left 5 342.8
144 134855.7 134856.7 Bend Left 5 343.1

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Feature Time Time Bend Bend Bend

Feature ID mm)
Identification Start (s) End (s) Direction Angle (°) Radius (D)
145 135059.8 135061 Bend Left 5 343.7
146 135158.6 135160.8 Bend Right 65 NA* 340.5
147 135247.1 135248.9 Bend Over 5 343.5
148 135253.4 135254.7 Bend Under 5 343.5
149 135259.8 135261 Bend Under 5 342.7
150 135264.1 135265.1 Bend Over 5 342.7
Bore 342.9-
151 135827.8
Change 336.5
Bore 336.5-
152 135832.3
Change 342.9
153 135841.6 135844.4 Bend Left 15 342.1
154 135846.9 135849.3 Bend Left 15 343.1
Bore 342.9-
155 135869
Change 341.3
156 135916.8 135918.7 Bend Right 5 341.2
157 136090.1 136091.7 Bend Left 5 340.7
Bore 342.9-
158 136536
Change 341.3
Bore 341.3-
159 136627
Change 342.9
Bore 341.3-
160 136098
Change 342.9
Bore 342.9-
161 136701.5
Change 341.3
Bore 341.3-
162 136793.2
Change 342.9
Bore 342.9-
163 137054
Change 336.5
Bore 336.5-
164 137161.5
Change 342.9
Bore 342.9-
165 137555.6
Change 336.5
Bore 336.5-
166 137742.3
Change 342.9
167 137791.1 137792.1 Bend Right 5 343.3
Bore 342.9-
168 138273.7
Change 336.5
Bore 336.5-
169 138367.8
Change 342.9
170 140314.2 140316.2 Bend Left 10 343.3
171 140320.7 140323.2 Bend Left 10 343.3
172 140378.3 140379.9 Bend Right 5 343.1
173 140382.5 140385 Bend Right 10 343.1
174 140512.8 140513.9 Bend Over 5 343.5
175 140528.9 140530.3 Bend Under 5 342.8
176 140539.3 140540.4 Bend Over 5 342.8

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Feature Time Time Bend Bend Bend

Feature ID mm)
Identification Start (s) End (s) Direction Angle (°) Radius (D)
177 140955.3 140956.7 Bend Right 5 342.6
178 141018.7 141022.6 Bend Right 15 343.1
179 141128.1 141130.9 Bend Left 10 342.2
180 141533 141537.6 Bend Right 20 342.7
181 141658.9 141662.8 Bend Left 20 342.5
182 146213.6 146215.7 Bend Right 5 342.1
183 146292.4 146293.4 Bend Right 5 342.5
Bore 342.9-
184 146704.7
Change 336.5
185 147187 147188.2 Bend Left 5 335.4
186 147281.2 147282.2 Bend Left 5 335.7
187 147546.6 147549.6 Bend Left 15 335.8
188 147552.5 147555.7 Bend Left 15 335.8
189 147705.2 147706.3 Bend Under 5 336
190 147712.6 147713.5 Bend Over 5 336
191 148101.4 148104.7 Bend Over 15 336
192 148110.7 148112 Bend Left 90 3 336
193 148118.1 148119.3 Bend Under 45 3 336
194 148119.8 148120.7 Bend Over 45 3 336
195 148125.5 Receiver
Table 7.3: Pipeline Features & Bore Measurement

The calibration data information for Pig 2 PV206 is detailed in Appendix 1.

*In some bends the tool speed varied significantly, and we were unable to measure the bend radius.

7.4. Minimum Bore Measurement

The minimum bore has been measured at 304mm in what looks to be a dent/deposits at
approximately 2250m.

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7.5. Dents, Ovality and Anomalies

Using the standard reporting criteria of 2% of nominal bore for dents and 5% for ovality, it can
be confirmed that:

• Five dents greater than the reporting criteria of 2% of nominal pipe ID were identified.

• No ovality features greater than 5% of nominal pipe ID were identified in this survey.

• Four anomalous feature greater than 2% of nominal pipe ID was identified in this survey.

The locations of the anomalies look to be consistent between run 1 and run 2 we have counted the
girth welds between the dents/anomalies and the distances are the same. The variations in GW
location between run 1 and run are where we think we have detected girth welds within the feature.

Some dent/anomaly sizes may differ between runs, there are a number of potential causes such as
shifting deposits, the roll of the pig passing the feature. If the Pathfinder caliper sensors are not aligned
to the peak of the feature there will be a drop in the reading.

We use the following calculations:

Dents/Anomalies

( (Nominal bore-Min bore)

Nominal bore
) X100

Ovality

( (Max bore-Min bore)

Nominal bore
) X100

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Due to feature 7 stalling for a significant period of time in both run 1 and run 2 it is not possible to get
a true profile comparison. However due to the severity of the restriction and the stalls it is most likely
to be deformation of the pipe.

Dent 1 Run 2
Feature 7 Feature ID (mm) 310
15805.7
Time Start (s) Feature Depth (mm) 25

Time End (s) 18772.9 Feature Length (mm) NA

Description Dent Orientation (clock) 6
Upstream Feature ID 6 Downstream Feature ID 14
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
1332 1476
(m) (TOF) (m) (TOF)
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
1260 1488
(m) (GW) (m) (GW)
Approximate Location (m) Approximate Location (m)
1486 1344
(TOF) (GW)
Upstream GW distance (m) 1.4 Downstream GW distance (m) 6.6
Table 7.5.1: Dent 1 run 2

Dent 1 Run 1
Feature 7 Feature ID (mm) 317
15411.7
Time Start (s) Feature Depth (mm) 18

Time End (s) 20104.7 Feature Length (mm) NA

Description Dent Orientation (clock) 6
Upstream Feature ID 6 Downstream Feature ID 14
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
1950 1830
(m) (TOF) (m)(TOF)
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
1464 1608
(m) (GW) (m) (GW)
Approximate Location Approximate Location (m)
2030 1548
(m)(TOF) (GW)
Upstream GW distance (m) 4.4 Downstream GW distance (m) 10
Table 7.5.2: Dent 1 run 1

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Figure 7.5.1: Dent 1 diameter run 2

Figure 7.5.2: Dent 1 diameter run 1

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Figure 7.5.3: Dent 1 radius run 2

Figure 7.5.4: Dent 1 radius run 1

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Figure 7.5.5: Dent 1 Cross section run 2

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Figure 7.5.6: Dent 1 Cross section run 1

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Feature 8 looks to be consistent between runs 1 and 2. It looks to be a shallow dent that potentially
spans across multiple spools.

Dent 2 Run 2
Feature 8 Feature ID (mm) 334
19360.7
Time Start (s) Feature Depth (mm) 8

Time End (s) 19524.4 Feature Length (mm) 22500

Description Dent Orientation (clock) 5
Upstream Feature ID 6 Downstream Feature ID 14
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
1524 1284
(m)(TOF) (m)(TOF)
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
1428 1308
(m) (GW) (m) (GW)
Approximate Location Approximate Location (m)
1678 1536
(m)(TOF) (GW)
Upstream GW distance (m) 0 Downstream GW distance (m) 2.4
Table 7.5.3: Anomaly 2 run 2

Dent 2 Run 1
Feature 8 Feature ID (mm) 333
20447.0
Time Start (s) Feature Depth (mm) 7
20542.0
Time End (s) Feature Length (mm) 18800
Description Dent Orientation (clock) 6
Upstream Feature ID 6 Downstream Feature ID 14
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
2443 1337
(m)(TOF) (m)(TOF)
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
1656 1404
(m) (GW) (m) (GW)
Approximate Location Approximate Location (m)
2523 1740
(m)(TOF) (GW)
Upstream GW distance (m) 0 Downstream GW distance (m) 3.3
Table 7.5.4: Anomaly 2 run 1

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Figure 7.5.7: Dent 2 diameter run 2

Figure 7.5.8: Dent 2 diameter run 1

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Figure 7.5.9: Dent 2 radius run 2

Figure 7.5.10: Dent 2 radius run 1

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Figure 7.5.11: Dent 2 Cross section run 2

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Figure 7.5.12: Dent 2 Cross section run 1

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Feature 9 looks to be a dent, the Pathfinder stalled in run 2 for a significant time before passing.

The variation in the readings are likely due to the roll of the pig. In run 1 the tool is 9° offset from TDC
where in run 2 the pig is 1.5°offset from TDC. This means the peak of the dent is likely riding between
2 sensors in run 1.

Dent 3 Run 2
Feature 9 Feature ID (mm) 304
27554.1
Time Start (s) Feature Depth (mm) 34
27576.6
Time End (s) Feature Length (mm) NA
Description Dent Orientation (clock) 6
Upstream Feature ID 6 Downstream Feature ID 14
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
2100 708
(m)(TOF) (m)(TOF)
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
2028 708
(m) (GW) (m) (GW)
Approximate Location Approximate Location (m)
2254 2112
(m)(TOF) (GW)
Upstream GW distance (m) 3.2 Downstream GW distance (m) 9.3
Table 7.5.5: Dent 3 run 2

Dent 3 Run 1
Feature 9 Feature ID (mm) 314
Time Start (s) 23627.7 Feature Depth (mm) 20
23782.6
Time End (s) Feature Length (mm) 31800
Description Dent Orientation (clock) 6
Upstream Feature ID 6 Downstream Feature ID 14
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
3021 759
(m)(TOF) (m)(TOF)
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
2292 756
(m) (GW) (m) (GW)
Approximate Location Approximate Location (m)
3102 2376
(m)(TOF) (GW)
Upstream GW distance (m) 5.6 Downstream GW distance (m) 9.2
Table 7.5.6: Dent 3 run 1

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Figure 7.5.13: Dent 3 diameter run 2

Figure 7.5.14: Dent 3 close up diameter run 2

Figure 7.5.15: Dent 3 diameter run 1

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Figure 7.5.16: Dent 3 radius run 2

Figure 7.5.17: Dent 3 close up radius run 2

Figure 7.5.18: Dent 3 radius run 1

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Figure 7.5.19: Dent 3 Cross section run 2

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Figure 7.5.20: Dent 3 Cross section run 1

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Feature 34 looks to be a small sharp dent.

Dent 4 Run 2
Feature 34 Feature ID (mm) 331
Time Start (s) 113475.7 Feature Depth (mm) 10
113476.1
Time End (s) Feature Length (mm) 840
Description Dent Orientation (clock) 6
Upstream Feature ID 33 Downstream Feature ID 35
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
4668 732
(m)(TOF) (m)(TOF)
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
4596 672
(m) (GW) (m) (GW)
Approximate Location Approximate Location (m)
17245 15156
(m)(TOF) (GW)
Upstream GW distance (m) 6.2 Downstream GW distance (m) 4.8
Table 7.5.7: Dent 4 run 2

Dent 4 Run 1
Feature 34 Feature ID (mm) 335
Time Start (s) 98660.3 Feature Depth (mm) 5
98662.1
Time End (s) Feature Length (mm) 2615
Description Dent Orientation (clock) 6
Upstream Feature ID 33 Downstream Feature ID 35
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
3830 455
(m)(TOF) (m)(TOF)
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
2340 300
(m) (GW) (m) (GW)
Approximate Location Approximate Location (m)
16612 16116
(m)(TOF) (GW)
Upstream GW distance (m) 3.5 Downstream GW distance (m) 6
Table 7.5.8: Dent 4 run 1

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Figure 7.5.21: Dent 4 diameter run 2

Figure 7.5.22: Dent 4 diameter run 1

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Figure 7.5.23: Dent 4 radius run 2

Figure 7.5.24: Dent 4 radius run 1

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Figure 7.5.25: Dent 4 Cross section run 2

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Figure 7.5.26: Dent 4 Cross section run 1

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The profile for feature 37 is different between the two runs, however run 2 looks to be dent and the
profile looks similar to the second half of what was identified in run 1.

Dent 5 Run 2
Feature 37 Feature ID (mm) 334
113891.1
Time Start (s) Feature Depth (mm) 8

Time End (s) 113891.8 Feature Length (mm) 1470

Description Dent Orientation (clock) 6
Upstream Feature ID 36 Downstream Feature ID 38
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
60 576
(m)(TOF) (m)(TOF)
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
48 540
(m) (GW) (m) (GW)
Approximate Location Approximate Location (m)
18118 15900
(m)(TOF) (GW)
Upstream GW distance (m) 4.8 Downstream GW distance (m) 5.4
Table 7.5.9: Dent 5 run 2

Dent 5 Run 1
Feature 37 Feature ID (mm) 335
98941.8
Time Start (s) Feature Depth (mm) 5
98946.1
Time End (s) Feature Length (mm) 3970
Description Dent Orientation (clock) 6
Upstream Feature ID 36 Downstream Feature ID 38
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
80 455
(m)(TOF) (m)(TOF)
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
84 588
(m) (GW) (m) (GW)
Approximate Location Approximate Location (m)
16663 16524
(m)(TOF) (GW)
Upstream GW distance (m) 2.8 Downstream GW distance (m) 5.5
Table 7.5.10: Dent 5 run 1

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Figure 7.5.27: Dent 5 diameter run 2

Figure 7.5.28: Dent 5 diameter run 1

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Figure 7.5.29: Dent 5 radius run 2

Figure 7.5.30: Dent 5 radius run 1

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Figure 7.5.31: Dent 5 Cross section run 2

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Figure 7.5.32: Dent 5 Cross section run 1

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Feature 10 due to its apparent length is likely to be some form of hard deposits it the bottom of the
pipe.

Anomaly 1 Run 2
Feature 10 Feature ID (mm) 311
27819
Time Start (s) Feature Depth (mm) 26

Time End (s) 28040.3 Feature Length (mm) 43000

Description Deposits Orientation (clock) 6
Upstream Feature ID 6 Downstream Feature ID 14
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
2196 612
(m)(TOF) (m)(TOF)
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
2112 624
(m) (GW) (m) (GW)
Approximate Location Approximate Location (m)
2350 2208
(m)(TOF) (GW)
Upstream GW distance (m) 8.9 Downstream GW distance (m) 6.7
Table 7.5.11: Anomaly 1 run 2

Anomaly 1 Run 1
Feature 10 Feature ID (mm) 318
24187.9
Time Start (s) Feature Depth (mm) 16
24455.4
Time End (s) Feature Length (mm) 31750
Description Deposits Orientation (clock) 6
Upstream Feature ID 6 Downstream Feature ID 14
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
3133 648
(m)(TOF) (m)(TOF)
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
2412 660
(m) (GW) (m) (GW)
Approximate Location Approximate Location (m)
3213 2496
(m)(TOF) (GW)
Upstream GW distance (m) 9.6 Downstream GW distance (m) 2.6
Table 7.5.12: Anomaly 1 run 1

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Figure 7.5.33: Anomaly 1 diameter run 2

Figure 7.5.34: Anomaly 1 diameter run 1

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Figure 7.5.35: Anomaly 1 radius run 2

Figure 7.5.36: Anomaly 1 radius run 1

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There is a significant change in profile between run 1 and run 2 getting more severe in run 2. This
would indicate that the cause is deposits. It looks like when the Pathfinder encounters the anomaly in
run 2 the Pathfinder may have been pushing some deposits and then ridden over them.

Anomaly 2 Run 2
Feature 11 Feature ID (mm) 314
29118.2
Time Start (s) Feature Depth (mm) 24

Time End (s) 29263.4 Feature Length (mm) 20500

Description Deposit Orientation (clock) 6
Upstream Feature ID 6 Downstream Feature ID 14
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
2376 432
(m)(TOF) (m)(TOF)
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
2328 408
(m) (GW) (m) (GW)
Approximate Location Approximate Location (m)
2530 2424
(m)(TOF) (GW)
Upstream GW distance (m) 3.6 Downstream GW distance (m) 4.1
Table 7.5.13: Anomaly 2 run 2

Anomaly 2 Run 1
Feature 11 Feature ID (mm) 334
25496.3
Time Start (s) Feature Depth (mm) 7

Time End (s) 25596.2 Feature Length (mm) 23100

Description Deposit Orientation (clock) 12
Upstream Feature ID 6 Downstream Feature ID 14
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
3353 427
(m)(TOF) (m)(TOF)
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
2688 384
(m) (GW) (m) (GW)
Approximate Location Approximate Location (m)
3434 2772
(m)(TOF) (GW)
Upstream GW distance (m) 2.1 Downstream GW distance (m) 4.2
Table 7.5.14: Anomaly 2 run 1

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Figure 7.5.37: Anomaly 2 diameter run 2

Figure 7.5.38: Anomaly 2 diameter run

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Figure 7.5.39: Anomaly 2 radius run 2

Figure 7.5.40: Anomaly 2 radius run 1

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Feature 12 looks to be a deposit ride over event.

Anomaly 3 Run 2
Feature 12 Feature ID (mm) 330
Time Start (s) 29495.3 Feature Depth (mm) 10
29556.8
Time End (s) Feature Length (mm) 5700
Description Deposit Orientation (clock) 6
Upstream Feature ID 6 Downstream Feature ID 14
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
2412 396
(m)(TOF) (m)(TOF)
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
2376 372
(m) (GW) (m) (GW)
Approximate Location Approximate Location (m)
2566 2460
(m)(TOF) (GW)
Upstream GW distance (m) 3.3 Downstream GW distance (m) 3.6
Table 7.5.15: Anomaly 3 run 2

Anomaly 3 Run 1
Feature 12 Feature ID (mm) 338
Time Start (s) 25899.2 Feature Depth (mm) 3
25905.3
Time End (s) Feature Length (mm) 650
Description Deposit Orientation (clock) 6
Upstream Feature ID 6 Downstream Feature ID 14
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
3417 363
(m)(TOF) (m)(TOF)
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
2724 348
(m) (GW) (m) (GW)
Approximate Location Approximate Location (m)
3498 2808
(m)(TOF) (GW)
Upstream GW distance (m) 6.2 Downstream GW distance (m) 4.8
Table 7.5.16: Anomaly 3 run 1

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Figure 7.5.41: Anomaly 3 diameter run 2

Figure 7.5.42: Anomaly 3 diameter run 1

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Figure 7.5.43: Anomaly 3 radius run 2

Figure 7.5.44: Anomaly 3 radius run 1

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Anomaly 4 looks to be a deposit ride over event.

Anomaly 4 Run 2
Feature 13 Feature ID (mm) 314
Time Start (s) 29649.9 Feature Depth (mm) 27
29685.6
Time End (s) Feature Length (mm) 3100
Description Deposit Orientation (clock) 6
Upstream Feature ID 6 Downstream Feature ID 14
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
2424 384
(m)(TOF) (m)(TOF)
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
2388 360
(m) (GW) (m) (GW)
Approximate Location Approximate Location (m)
2578 2472
(m)(TOF) (GW)
Upstream GW distance (m) 4.4 Downstream GW distance (m) 4.2
Table 7.5.17: Anomaly 4 run 2

Anomaly 4 Run 1
Feature 13 Feature ID (mm) 336
Time Start (s) 25991.7 Feature Depth (mm) 4
26014.6
Time End (s) Feature Length (mm) 2200
Description Deposit Orientation (clock) 6
Upstream Feature ID 6 Downstream Feature ID 14
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
3436 344
(m)(TOF) (m)(TOF)
Upstream Feature Distance Downstream Feature Distance
2736 336
(m) (GW) (m) (GW)
Approximate Location Approximate Location (m)
3516 2820
(m)(TOF) (GW)
Upstream GW distance (m) 5.4 Downstream GW distance (m) 3.7
Table 7.5.18: Anomaly 4 run 1

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Figure 7.5.45: Anomaly 4 diameter run 2

Figure 7.5.46: Anomaly 4 diameter run 1

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Figure 7.5.47: Anomaly 4 radius run 2

Figure 7.5.48: Anomaly 4 radius run 1

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7.6. Deposits

Occurrences of debris have been identified and are listed as anomalies and these should be regarded
as the primary indicators of the quantity and location of debris in the line. A secondary indicator is
that in section 2 of the line it is suspected that the pig is pushing a slug of loose debris. Whilst both of
these indicators suggest the presence of black powder in the line, the quantities involved appear to
be very low.

8. Conclusions

• In general, all measurements were consistent with internal bore data provided by the client.

• Five dents greater than the reporting criteria of 2% of nominal pipe ID were identified. Dent 3
was identified as the minimum bore located approximately 2250m from launch and is thought
to be caused by either a dent or debris at 6 O’clock.

• No ovality features greater than 5% of nominal pipe ID were identified in this survey.

• Four anomalous features greater than 2% of nominal pipe ID were identified in this survey.

• Deposits in the line were identified primarily as the cause for the anomalies. Total volume of
deposits is thought to be very low.

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Appendix 1
Pathfinder Calibration
Pig 2 PV206

Compression Calibration

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Diameter 358 351 344 337 330 323 316 309 302 295
Radius 179 175.5 172 168.5 165 161.5 158 154.5 151 147.5
S1 1444 1433 1417 1399 1379 1357 1333 1306 1277 1244
S2 1433 1420 1403 1383 1361 1337 1311 1283 1253 1220
S3 1438 1424 1405 1383 1359 1332 1304 1273 1242 1207
S4 1451 1437 1417 1394 1369 1340 1311 1279 1247 1212
S5 1576 1562 1544 1521 1496 1468 1438 1407 1375 1340
S6 1474 1460 1439 1415 1386 1355 1323 1288 1251 1213
S7 1463 1450 1430 1406 1378 1348 1315 1282 1246 1208
S8 1532 1519 1500 1478 1453 1425 1396 1365 1332 1297
S9 1541 1529 1510 1489 1466 1439 1412 1383 1353 1321
S10 1535 1524 1507 1489 1469 1447 1424 1400 1374 1348
S11 1482 1467 1449 1429 1408 1384 1358 1330 1300 1269
S12 1474 1460 1442 1423 1403 1382 1357 1330 1301 1271
S13 1517 1503 1488 1472 1455 1436 1415 1390 1364 1336
S14 1423 1410 1395 1379 1363 1344 1324 1301 1276 1248
S15 1492 1481 1468 1454 1439 1422 1403 1381 1356 1329
S16 1500 1490 1477 1463 1447 1429 1409 1387 1362 1336
Table A1-1: Calibration

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Appendix 2
Diameter Plots

Diameter 1 (S1-S9)
Diameter 2 (S2-S10)
Diameter 3 (S3-S11)
Diameter 4 (S4-S12)
Diameter 5 (S5-S13)
Diameter 6 (S6-S14)
Diameter 7 (S7-S15)
Diameter 8 (S8-S16)
Note: The diameter plots in appendix 3 do not compensate for tool wear.

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X-Axis changed due to significant change in speed.

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Final Report

P04004-PAT-FR-01 CI-11 Rev02 Page 116

 14” CI-11
Final Report

P04004-PAT-FR-01 CI-11 Rev02 Page 117