5143 - 000 - CN - 1500 - 01 - RB - Fire Detection General Philosophy

Document Number: TP-9308Z-IC-PD-01 SIRTE OIL COMPANY
MODERNIZATION OF FIRE
SOC Project No: Rev. Sheets / of:
FIGHTING SYSTEM
TP-9308Z B 1 / 22 ZELTEN FIELD FACILITIES
FIRE AND GAS DETECTION SYSTEM PHILOSOPHY
MODERNIZATION OF FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

ZELTEN FIELD FACILITIES
FIRE AND GAS DETECTION SYSTEM

PHILOSOPHY
TP-9308Z-IC-PD-01
B 121210 For Approval E. Karavdić A. Salihbegović A. Hadžialić
A 250810 Information V. Marinković A. Hadzialić A. Ibisević
Rev Date Issued for Originator Checked Approved SOC Approval Date
5143_000_CN_1500_01
Document Number: TP-9308Z-IC-PD-01 SIRTE OIL COMPANY
FIGHTING SYSTEM
TP-9308Z B 2 / 22 ZELTEN FIELD FACILITIES
FIRE AND GAS DETECTION SYSTEM PHILOSOPHY
CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION 4
2.0 PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY 4
3.0 EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEM SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS 4
4.0 FIRE & GAS DETECTION SYSTEM 4
4.1 General Requirements 5
4.2 General Fire Alarm 6

4.2.1 Fire Alarm Initiating Devices 6
4.2.2 Plant Audible and Visual Alarms 7
4.2.2.1 Audible alarms 7
4.2.2.2 Visual alarms 8
4.3 Fire Detection 9

4.3.1 Fire Detection in Process Areas / Outdoors 9
4.3.2 Fire Detection in Buildings / Indoors 10
4.3.3 Operating Principles 10
4.4 Fire Suppression Systems 11

4.4.1 Suppression System Audible Alarms: 11
4.4.2 Water Spray (Deluge) System at Gas Compressors 11
4.4.3 Foam System 12
4.4.4 Total Flooding System 12
4.4.4.1. CO2 Total Flooding System for Turbine enclosures 14
4.5 Flammable Gas Detection 15

4.5.1 Hydrocarbon Gases 15
4.5.2 Hydrogen Gas Detection in Battery Rooms 17
4.6 Toxic Gas Detection 18
4.7 Emergency Shut Down Sequences 19
5143_000_PP_865_0
Document Number:TP-9308Z-IC-PD-01 SIRTE OIL COMPANY
FIGHTING SYSTEM
TP-9308Z B 3/22 ZELTEN FIELD FACILITIES
FIRE AND GAS SYSTEM PHILOSOPHY
4.8 Fire and Gas Detection and Protection Control System 19

4.8.1 Fire and Gas Detection Control 19
4.8.2 Fire Water Pumps Control 21
4.8.3 Manual Controls 22
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FIGHTING SYSTEM
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The existing fire fighting system at Zelten will be modernized to upgrade the firewater
pumping and firewater distribution system and include fire and gas detection.
A FEED Study and Fire Hazard Assessment was carried out in order to assess the Plant
fire hazards and determine the level of fire protection required for the worst-case fire
scenarios. The scenarios identified the firewater and foam demands.
The overall evaluation took into account the hazards, life safety of personnel and protection
of assets.
The philosophy outlined herein shall be applied for the design and installation of Fire and
Gas Detection and mitigation system required for the Zelten Field Facilities.
2.0 PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY

The fire protection philosophy takes into consideration the following criteria:
 Maximize the use of fixed fire fighting equipment.
 The fire station, vehicles and response team are within 10 minutes of an incident.
 Adequate equipment design, hazardous area classification, selection of electrical
equipment, operating procedures, Permit to Work systems are in place.
Generally, the philosophy is based on early detection of incidents which may result in fire or
explosion occurring, and on ensuring the fire fighting facilities are available and ready to
combat any consequent fire and to divert/mitigate the impact of likely explosion.
In order to secure the above, Zelten Field Facilities shall be divided into uniquely numbered
fire areas/zones which are bounded by fire or blast-rated divisions, walls, roadways, pipe
tracks and/or determined by the extent of the fixed fire protection system, where provided.
3.0 EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEM SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS

New fire-fighting equipment and system shall comply with the requirements of the
applicable codes and standards. Construction materials and manufacturing criteria may be
in accordance with Originating Country Regulations of Manufacture, provided they do not
contradict the project codes.
4.0 FIRE & GAS DETECTION SYSTEM

The following topics cover fire and gas detection in the buildings and process areas, control
actions necessary for precaution/mitigation measures in protection of the personnel and
assets, components of the F&G system and functional aspects.
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Codes and standards:

The design shall comply with this specification and the following Codes and Standards:
NFPA 12
NFPA 15
NFPA 72
NFPA 2001
ISA RP 12.13
ISA RP 12.15
NOC GES Specifications
4.1 General Requirements

The F&G system shall be designed to provide the following main functions:
 detection of a fire in its early stages,
 detection of the presence of flammable and/or toxic gases,
 detectors status indication,
 fault reporting,
 voting and logic actions,
 audible and visual field alarms,
 automatic initiation of protective systems,
 protection systems status indication,
 interface with existing systems such as Turbine panels, Compressors Control Panels
and Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) equipment,
 communication with other systems such as Tank Fill Control System and Fire Pump
Control System (Fire Pumps Local Controllers).
It shall include:
 detectors,
 audible and visual alarming devices and industrial type fire sirens
 F&G control panels,
 LCD based Mimic Panels,
 protection system equipment such as water deluge, FM200, CO2 and foam systems,
 associated power supplies,
 all necessary cabling and interconnections.
The F&G System is physically separate and functions independently of the process control
and monitoring system. However, the design of the F&G system shall include interaction
between the two systems via a redundant and safe Ethernet communications link.
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4.2 General Fire Alarm

4.2.1 Fire Alarm Initiating Devices
Manual and automatic initiating devices shall be used throughtout the facilities as means to
signal other equipment with the aim of providing adequate fire protection and property
conservation. The following alarm initiating devices shall be used:
Manual Alarm initiating Devices – Manual Alarm Call Points
Manual Alarm Call Points (MACPs) shall be strategically distributed throughout the
facility to provide alarm points in emergency situations and to supplement the
automatic fixed fire detection systems.
MACPs shall be located in main access and strategic points to allow actuation of the
general fire alarm along the escape routes. Call points shall be grouped per process
units or per geographical/fire areas and the signal will be connected to the Fire and
Gas control panel.
Manual alarm call points shall be positioned at exits from buildings and their
operation shall constitute a confirmed fire which initiates the general fire alarm.
Operation of a manual alarm call point shall initiate:

 An audible and visual alarm throughout the affected site/process area.
 Activate a „FIRE“ alarm (Red indication + Audible) on LCD based mimic panel,
 Activate an alarm and show the location of the activated MACP on an Operator
graphic display on F&G Panel,
 Sound the general fire alarm (Fire Siren).
Automatic alarm initiating devices
The following automatic initiating devices shall be used to initiate fire alarm:
 Ultra-violet detectors,
 Infra-red detectors,
 Ultra-violet/infra-red combination detectors,
 Heat sensing or heat rate-of-rise detectors,
 Smoke detectors,
 Heat sensing detectors (frangible plugs),
 Combination heat/smoke detectors,
 Waterflow switches – pressure switches (spray and sprinkler systems).
Operation sequences shall be defined in section 4.3
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4.2.2 Plant Audible and Visual Alarms
Audible and visual alarms shall provide stimuli for initiating emergency action and provide
information to users, emergency response personnel, and occupants throughout the Zelten
field facilities.
Notification of audible and visual alarms shall be implemented by using following means:
 Fire sirens,
 Sounders/Horns,
 Beacons/Strobes,
 Combined devices – beacon/sounder.
All fire and gas alarms shall be visibly and audibly annunciated, and their location indicated
on a F&G control panel and LCD mimic panel.
It shall be possible to manually initiate and cancel all general audible and visual alarms
from the operator's console at F&G Panel for commissioning, startup and periodic testing
purposes.
4.2.2.1Audible alarms
Audible alarms shall be divided by the following categories depending on the initiation
devices and subsystems:
Fire Alarm:
 Fire Alarm (General Fire Alarm),
 Fire Pre-Alarm,
 Evacuation Alarm.
Suppression System Audible Alarms:

 Fire Pre-alarm,
 Fire Alarm ("General Fire Alarm"),
 Pre-discharge Alarm,
 Suppressant Release Alarm,
 System's Release Failure Alarm.
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Audible Alarm Devices
Fire and Gas Audible Alarms (sounder/horn):

- Distinction shall be made between fire and gas audible alarms, one tone for fire
alarm and one tone for gas alarm.
- Audible alarms for suppression systems (FM200 & CO2) discharge shall have two
different tones, one for pre discharge (intermittent) and one for system released
(continuous). These alarms shall be louder then any other alarms.
- Audible alarm for water spray system activation shall be provided
Industrial Siren:
The propagation range of the industrial siren shall be suitably selected for the area where it
is installed. The Siren will be equipped with a controller with batteries. The controller
cabinet shall include all electronic modules for the power supply, the generation and
amplification of alarm signal as well as the communication processor (manual and remote
operation).
The following general principles related to Audible Alarms shall apply:

 A sound pressure level (SPL) of not less than 65dB(A) should be achieved in all
occupiable areas, but this may be reduced to 60dB(A) in stairways and enclosures of
no more than 60m2,
 The fire alarm signal should exceed the ambient noise level by at least 5dB(A), subject
to the minimum of 65dB(A), as stated above,
 The SPL should not exceed 120dB(A) at any accessible point. The alarm tone should
have a frequency range between 500Hz and 1,000Hz, unless there is a background
noise that could mask those frequencies,
 The sound shall be continuous, although frequency and amplitude may vary. All fire
alarm sounders within a building shall have similar sound characteristics and should
be distinctive from the sound for other alarm systems in the building,
 An external sounder and/or beacon shall be provided to guide firefighters to the
building or appropriate entrance. The sounder shall be marked “FIRE ALARM” and
shall automatically silence after 30 minutes, unless the building is permanently
occupied.
4.2.2.2 Visual alarms:
Flash (strobe) lamps are to be placed in buildings and process areas with the following
colours:
 Fire alarm: Red Colour,
 Gas alarm: Blue Colour,
 H2S Gas (Toxic) alarm: Amber Colour.
Flash (strobe) lamps shall be placed inside and outside the buildings where fire and gas
detection systems are installed to indicate a hazard inside the building and also in high
noise areas to supplement audible alarms.
The visual alarms shall have a flash rate of 1 pulse per second.
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4.3 Fire Detection

The fire detection system evaluation shall be based on the considerations of potential fire
hazards, predominant fire risk and the prime indication of a fire, i.e. smoke, heat or flame
and the relevant environmental conditions.
The fire detection system shall be designed and provided for the following purposes:
 Provide the earliest reliable detection of a fire,
 Alert personnel to the hazard,
 Initiate ESD function (where applicable).
4.3.1 Fire Detection in Process Areas / Outdoors
Ultra-Violet Detectors
 Ultra-violet fire detectors shall be used only in process areas where early
detection/response is required, either during normal or abnormal plant
operation,
 The detectors shall be arranged so that their cones of effective area overlap
slightly. All areas of potential fire shall be monitored,
 Ultra-violet fire detectors shall be mounted so that unit heaters, panels, light
fixtures, piping, valves, etc do not obstruct their field of vision,
 Ultra-violet fire detectors shall be arranged so that no direct or reflected sunlight
is sensed,
 Ultra-violet fire detectors shall not be located in areas where welding is carried
out.
Infra-red Detectors
 IR flame detectors shall be used in process areas where smoke or dense vapor
is expected either during normal or abnormal plant operation.
 IR flame detectors shall not be installed adjacent to hot pipes, vessels, heaters,
steam or hot vapor vents, etc.
 IR flame detectors shall be installed to cover the compressors and provide
alarm to enable compressor shutdown.
 IR Flame detectors shall be directed inward and located at an elevation where
they have an effective field of view and positioned to minimize the possibility of
false alarms from detection of a flame in an adjacent fire zone or from flare
stacks. In locating flame detectors in congested areas, obscuration of the field
of vision shall be considered.
Fire detection for compressors is accomplished by installing the detectors with overlapping
cones of view at the opposite sides of compressor axis. This arrangement provides two-
level flame (voting type) detection and alarming for the individual compressor. This enables
Fire and Gas control system to issue an appropriate action for compressor
Shutdown/Isolation/Depressurization.
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4.3.2 Fire Detection in Buildings / Indoors

 All buildings shall have smoke detection (optical or ionization).
 In kitchen areas heat detection shall replace smoke.
 In communications and computer rooms high sensitivity smoke detection shall
be provided.
 Rate compensation heat detectors are used in areas where smoke may be
normally generated and smoke detection would give a false alarm.
 Detectors shall be installed indoors in all rooms including concealed floors and
voids.
 At minimum two independent detector loops shall be installed in each area
where executive action is required on detection of fire (only for suppression
system actuation).
Positioning of detectors shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations

and NFPA 72 Code.
4.3.3 Operating Principles

The following general operating principles of fire detection shall apply with regards to
required executive and alarming actions.
Fire Detection – One Level Alarm (General Fire Alarm)
If any detector within the protected room/area senses fire then:

 Sound an audible/visible alarm within the building/fire area,
 Sound and audible/visible alarm outside the building,
 Activate a „Fire Alarm“(Red indication + Audible) on LCD based mimic panel,
 Activate an alarm and show the location of the activated detector on an
Operator graphic display on F&G Panel,
 Cause the HVAC system to move to a safe operating mode (provision to be
made),
 Sound an audible “General Fire Alarm“ in local control panel (if used),
 Sound the general fire alarm (Fire Siren).
Fire Detection in Process Areas / Outdoors and Special Application (ESD functions)
Two Level Alarm (Voting type Detection)
First Level (General Fire Alarm)
First level alarm initiates when one detector within protected area senses fire, then:
 Sound an audible/visible alarm within the area,
 Activate a „Fire Alarm“ (Red indication + Audible) on LCD mimic panel,
 Sound the “General Fire Alarm“ (Fire Siren).
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Second Level (ESD function)
If two detectors within protected room/area sense fire then:

 All actions listed in First Level Alarm shall take place,
 Isolation and depressurization of the monitored process equipment / ESD 4
(provision to be made).
Fire Detection in Buildings / Indoors – Two Level Alarm (Voting type Detection)
First Level (Fire Pre-Alarm)
First level alarm initiates when one detector within protected enclosure senses fire, then:
 Sound an audible/visible Pre-Alarm within the protected enclosure,
 Sound an audible/visible Pre-Alarm outside the protected enclosure,
 Activate a „Fire Pre-Alarm“ (Red indication + Audible) on LCD mimic panel,
Second Level (General Fire Alarm)
If two detectors within protected room/area sense fire then:

 All actions listed in First Level Alarm shall take place,
 Cause the HVAC system to move to a safe operating mode (provision to be
made),
 Sound the “General Fire Alarm” (Fire Siren).
4.4 Fire Suppression Systems

4.4.1 Suppression System Audible Alarms:
 Fire Pre-alarm,
 Fire Alarm ("General Fire Alarm"),
 Pre-discharge Alarm,
 Suppressant Release Alarm,
 System's Release Failure Alarm.
4.4.2 Water Spray (Deluge) System at Gas Compressors

Water spray system shall cover one compressor and shall be controlled by wet pilot type
deluge valve utilizing frangible plugs.
Wet pilot system shall be actuated by:
 Automatic release through pressurized heat detection loop with frangible plugs,
 Manual release, through F&G control panel (LCD based Mimic panel),
 Manual release on the valve (pure mechanical type).
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The deluge valve shall be a specific quick-opening automatic valve energized by the fire
water pressure. No external services shall be used to keep the valve closed. Valve reset
must always be accomplished locally and manually by the authorized personnel.
4.4.3 Foam System

Foam system protection for Surge tanks A/B/C shall be manual (local or remote) by
actuation of the solenoid valve for Foam deluge valve release. This action can only be
undertaken by the operator in the GOSP control room through Operator panel. Foam
system can also be actuated by Manual Release Valve located at the Foam Deluge valve.
Foam Deluge valve release shall activate the “General Fire Alarm”. Indication of system
being in operation shall be provided on F&G panel.
Foam Deluge valve shall be automatic valve energized by the water/foam solution
pressure. After valve actuation, water/foam solution shall be released to tank foam pourers.
No external services shall be used to keep the valve closed. Valve reset must always be
accomplished locally and manually by the authorized personnel.
4.4.4 Total Flooding System

Total Flooding Systems shall be provided for fire suppression in enclosed normally un-
manned areas as follows:
 MCCs,
 Electrical Substations,
 Telecommunication Equipment Room,
 Marshalling Cabinet Rooms,
 Compressor/Driver Enclosures etc.
Additional facilities requiring Total Flooding Systems may be identified during detail design
phase and these shall also be provided with adequate protection.
Fire Detection Philosophy
At every location AUTO/MAN selection shall be provided to initiate the fire extinguishing via
wall and panel mounted push buttons or pull stations. The pull stations shall be located to
allow personnel to safely evacuate the area prior to releasing the fire extinguishing agent.
Automatic actuation of Total Flooding Systems shall be (unless otherwise specified
explicitly) shall occur when any two sensors detect a fire (voting principle).
Automatic operation of each area protected by Total Flooding System shall be as follows:
1) Fire Pre-Alarm – initiated by activation of one (1) detector, within the system:
a) Illuminate the "PRE-ALARM" lamp on the control panel face (if used),
b) Energize an Pre-Alarm sounder and/or an optional visual indicator,
c) Transfer sets of auxiliary contacts which can perform auxiliary system
functions such as:
- Transmit a Pre-Alarm signal to a fire alarm system
- Light an individual lamp on an optional graphic annunciator (if used).
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2) Cancellation of Pre-Alarm – in case of non-activation of second (2nd) detector within

15 seconds, Pre-alarm shall be cancelled. Pre-Alarm acknowledgment function shall
be provided at F&G panel.
3) General Fire Alarm – initiated by activation of a 2nd detector, within the system:
a) Initiate “General Fire Alarm” alarm sounder and visual indicator,
b) Illuminate the "PRE-DISCHARGE" lamp on the control face (if used),
c) Energize an “PRE-DISCHARGE” horn or horn/strobe device,
d) Shutdown of all power high-voltage equipment (if allowed considering the
service of electrical equipment),
e) Shut down the HVAC system and/or close dampers,
f) Start time-delay sequence,
g) Light an individual lamp on an optional graphic annunciator (if used).
4) Suppression system release - After completion of the time-delay sequence, the

agent system shall discharge and the following shall occur:
a) Operate door holder/closures on access doors (if required),
b) Illuminate a "System Discharged" lamp on the control panel face (if used),
c) Energize a visual indicator(s) outside the hazard in which the discharge
occurred,
d) Energize a "Discharged" audible device.
5) In case extinguishant is not released after completion of the time delay sequence,
system shall reset back to Pre-Alarm status and after the time delay sequence shall
issue a command for extinguishant release from reserve bank.
6) In case that exinguishant release from backup bank has failed, system shall issue a
“System's Release Failure Alarm”.
Operation of a manual device shall duplicate the sequence of the General Fire Alarm
described above. The manual discharge station shall be of the electrical actuation type and
shall be supervised at the main control panel.
Manual Abort function shall be provided and shall be available at all times.
Mechanical type manual release shall be located in the agent battery area.
The cylinder banks (primary and backup) shall be connected to a manifold with flexible
hose, manifold check valves and all other components required for proper operation and
installation. The connected backup volume shall be equal to the primary volume. Automatic
means shall be provided to prevent the loss of carbon dioxide from the manifold if the
system is operated when any cylinder is removed for maintenance.
“Traffic Light” indicator principle shall be used for status indication at the F&G control panel
and LCD based Mimic panel and shall annunciate the following:
RED - Flashing (Discharged immanent) – Steady (System discharged),
YELLOW (Amber) - System in Automatic,
GREEN - Manual only (no automatic discharge).
The operation of a manual call point (Yellow colored Call point for CO2 Manual Discharge)
shall start the discharge sequence.
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4.4.4.1. CO2 Total Flooding System for Turbine enclosures

Design of the turbine enclosures total flooding system shall be in accordance with NFPA 12
and shall have primary and extended application functions.
The following detection philosophy shall be applied:
 Fire Detection
Flame detectors - IR type Flame detectors shall be installed within the enclosure. Two level
voting principle shall apply with the following operation philosophy.
The operation of a single flame detector within the turbine enclosure shall:
- Initiate audible and visual pre-alarm within the area.
A second device in alarm shall commence the following discharge sequence:

- Send shut down signal to the turbine control system,
- Close all ventilation dampers to seal the enclosure,
- Commence the discharge timed sequence
Heat detectors shall be installed within the enclosure. One level principle shall apply and
the activation of a single heat detector shall:
- Initiate audible and visual alarms within the area.
- Send shut down signal to the turbine control system,
- Close all ventilation dampers to seal the enclosure),
- Commence the discharge timed sequence.
In case extinguishant is not released after completion of the time delay sequence, system
shall issue a command for extinguishant release from reserve bank.
In case that exinguishant release from backup bank has failed, system shall issue a
“System's Release Failure Alarm”.
 Flammable Gas detection
Flammable Gas detectors shall be installed within the turbine enclosure. The activation of
one (1) gas detector at Low gas concentration will initiate:
Low Flammable Gas Concentration Alarm - „Gas Warning“
o Rotating blue warning beacons or blue strobe lights shall be automatically
switched on,
o Sound an audible alarm in the concerned area,
o Activate a „GAS Warning“ alarm (Blue indication + Audible) on LCD based
mimic panel,
o Activate a „GAS Warning“ alarm and show the location of the activated
detector on an Operator graphic display on F&G Panel.
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The activation of one (1) gas detector at High gas concentration will initiate:
High Flammable Gas Concentration Alarm - „Gas Alarm“
o All „Gas Warning“ alarm functions shall be in effect,
o Emergency shutdown of the unit.
4.5 Flammable Gas Detection

4.5.1 Hydrocarbon Gases
Flammable gas detection shall be provided for hydrocarbon processing areas.
Flammable gas shall be detected using catalytic type or infra-red (IR) point and line of sight
detectors depending on the configuration of the area.
Process areas / Outoors:

For process areas, positioning of the detectors shall be based on possible leak sources and
shall be located in proximity of the release. Point gas detector shall be provided at each
compressor. For open process areas detectors shall be located at spaced intervals
surrounding the perimeter of vessels or groups of equipment taking into account
manufacturer’s recommendation of detector covering range. In case of many potential
points of leakage, detectors shall be placed around the plant area preferably downwind (at
4 – 6 m spacing)
The positioning of detectors has to take into account the following factors:
- Gas characteristics
- Gas dispersion
- Speed of gas detection
- Detector system reliability and maintenability (too many detectors usually giving too
many spurious alarms and becoming more difficult to maintain).
- Speed of shutdown – blowdown of the gas source
The final location and positioning of flammable gas detectors shall be based on the results
of a gas dispersion model that needs to be developed.
Buildings / Indoors:
Two flammable gas detectors shall be installed at HVAC air intake for manned buildings
with centralized systems. Such a provision shall be made for all buildings which require
flammable gas detection.
Considering the Site condition and existing buildings, where multiple HVAC units are
positioned on different sides of a building, a detector shall be installed inside of the building.
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Gas Alarms / Gas Detector Settings*

 Flammable gas alarm, set at 20% of the lower explosive limit (LEL);

 Flammable gas alarm, set at 50% of the lower explosive limit (LEL).
Operating Principles
The following general operating principles of flammable gas detection shall apply with
regards to required alarming and executive actions.
Low flammable gas concentration alarm condition shall initiate the following:
Indoors:
 Exhaust ventilators in the affected building shall be started up (if any),
 Rotating blue warning beacons or blue strobe lights shall be automatically switched on
inside and outside of the building,
 Sound an audible alarm,
 Close fresh air intake Damper and shut-down Fresh Air Unit (Control Building). For
other buildings (not pressurized) shut-down HVAC/damper,
 Activate a „Gas Warning“ alarm (Blue indication + Audible) on LCD based mimic
panel,
 Activate a „Gas Warning“ alarm and show the location of the activated detector on an
Operator graphic display on F&G Panel.
Control Building is isolated in the „Gas Warning Alarm“.

Outdoors:
 Rotating blue warning beacons or blue strobe lights shall be automatically switched on
in the concerned area,
 Sound an audible alarm within the area,
 Activate a „GAS Warning“ alarm (Blue indication + Audible) on LCD based mimic
panel,
 Activate a „GAS Warning“ alarm and show the location of the activated detector on an
Operator graphic display on F&G Panel.
High flammable gas concentration alarm condition shall initiate the following:
Indoors:
 All „Gas Warning“ alarm functions shall be in effect,
 Maintain positive pressure (where possible).
Outdoors:
 All „Gas Warning“ alarm functions shall be in effect,
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 When one gas detector is in alarm, Emergency shutdown of all equipment in the
affected area shall be initiated
 When two gas detectors are in „GAS“ alarm:
- Emergency shutdown and all equipment in the Plant depressurized to flare shall
be initiated (ESD 1)
- “Evacuate Alarm” shall be sounded.
4.5.2 Hydrogen Gas Detection in Battery Rooms

Gas Alarms / Gas Detector Settings*
 Hydrogen gas alarm, set at 15% of the lower explosive limit (LEL).

 Hydrogen gas alarm, set at 40% of the lower explosive limit (LEL).
One detector shall be located on the ceiling above batteries, (more detectors for sectional
type of roof).
Operating philosophy related to detection of hydrogen in Battery Room shall be as follows:
Two level alarming shall apply:
„Gas Warning“ Alarm at 15% LEL shall:
 Second extractor on (provision for extractor status indication shall be provided at F&G
panel),
 HVAC shall not be stopped (maintain balance for extractor).
„Gas“ Alarm at 40% LEL shall:

 Shut down the Battery charger (charger OFF).
* Gas monitoring shall have two independent alarm set points, which can be set between 0
to 100%, of the indicated Lower Explosive Limit (LEL). The lower set point named
„Warning“ is normally set at 20% of the LEL and upper set point named „Alarm“ is normally
set at 40% of the LEL according to NOC GES H.01. These set points can be changed as
required within any value in the full range.
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4.6 Toxic Gas Detection

Toxic gas detectors shall be provided in process and utility areas with potential H2S
release sources and in buildings.
H2S concentration shall be detected using fixed H2S detectors based on electro-chemical
cell technology.
Detector location shall be based on H2S hazard map and shall take into account the
possible flow pattern of the leaking gas or vapour and ventilation system airflow. The
number of detectors shall be based on the number of potential release sources.
During positioning of detectors care should be taken to place detectors in places where gas
may accumulate and in areas between gas plant and potential leakage sources, preferably
closer to the gas source.
Two toxic gas detectors shall be installed at HVAC air intake for buildings with centralized
systems. Such a provision shall be made for all buildings which require toxic gas detection.
Considering the Site condition and existing buildings, where multiple HVAC units are
positioned on different sides of a building, a detector shall be installed inside of the building.
In field, source of release shall be estimated and detectors positioned downwind the
possible source. When placing the sensors, separation distance from 4 to 6 meters shall be
ensured.
Toxic gas detection shall be provided for valve pits in the process area. The allocation of
detectors, their distribution and positioning shall be based on the valve pit configuration and
its depth.
Gas Alarms / Gas Detector Settings

Low Toxic Gas Concentration Alarm – „H2S Gas Warning“
 Toxic gas alarm, set at 5 ppm;
High Toxic Gas Concentration Alarm - „H2S Gas Danger“

 Toxic gas alarm, set at 10 ppm;
Operating Principles
The following general operating principles of toxic gas detection shall apply with regards to
required alarming and executive actions.
The activation of a H2S gas alarm by any sensor shall initiate the following actions:
“H2S Gas Warning Alarm“
 Rotating amber warning beacons or amber strobe lights shall be automatically
switched on inside and outside the building,
 An audible alarm shall be annunciated at the location of detection and in the main
process plant control room,
5143_000_CN_1500_01
FIGHTING SYSTEM
 The status of the H2S shall be passed to the DCS and reported through the DCS
alarm system for the Main process plant (provision shall be made for future use),
 Activate a „GAS WARNING“ alarm (Amber indication + Audible) on LCD mimic panel,
 Activate a gas alarm and show the location of the activated detector on an Operator
graphic display on F&G Panel.
 HVAC in buildings shall shutdown, dampers shall be closed (where possible) and local
alarm shall be initiated.
“H2S Gas Danger Alarm“ - “Gas Danger” alarm shall be initiated.
4.7 Emergency Shut Down Sequences
The interface between Fire and Gas control system and ESD system shall be as follow:
 Process, Off-Site and Utility Units ESD initiation from Fire and Gas system shall be by
means of hardwired connection to the equipment ESD system.
General shut down sequences of the equipment are defined as listed below:
 ESD 1 – Plant Shutdown with depressurization (to achieve status "vented"),

 ESD 2 – Fire Area Equipment Shutdown / Isolation,
 ESD 3 – Equipment Shutdown – Train shutdown with depressurization – ESD signal
for individual compressor,
 ESD 4 – Equipment Shutdown / Isolation – ESD signal for individual compressor.
With regard to these emergency shutdown sequences, provision for appropriate ESD
action shall be issued from the F&G control panel.
4.8 Fire and Gas Detection and Protection Control System

4.8.1 Fire and Gas Detection Control
General
The fire and gas control system will receive all incoming signals from field devices, process
them according to the defined logic, initiate alarm sequences and interface with the DCS
and ESD systems as appropriate.
System Overview
Fire and Gas control panels shall be provided at:
 Gas Compression Plant Control Room – Main F&G control panel with LCD based
Mimic Panel,
 Power Generation Control Room – F&G control panel with LCD based Mimic Panel,
 GOSP control room – GOSP F&G control panel,
 Fire Station – Office/Accommodation F&G control panel and LCD based Mimic Panel
5143_000_CN_1500_01
FIGHTING SYSTEM
Fire and Gas Control System shall:

 Continuously monitor the smoke, fire and gas detectors and manual call points
installed throughout the installation. Audible and visual alarms shall be received at the
fire control panels.
 Monitor the firewater pumps to ensure adequate flow and pressure are available. The
start of the electric and diesel driven firewater pumps will be initiated via pressure
switch activated on pressure drop in the fire mains (by the control actions of the Local
Fire Pump controllers). On operator’s request start of the FW pumps can be initiated
via hardwired pushbuttons installed in the LCD based Mimic panel in the Fire station.
 Generate alarms and initiate extinguishant release actions in accordance with F&G
Cause & Effect Matrix.
 Monitor, control and display firemain pressure.
 Monitor and display foam system status.
 Shut down relevant HVAC systems on toxic or flammable gas alarm.
 Initiate Shut down of the protected equipment and actuate water spray systems.
 Monitor and display FM200 system status.
 Monitor and display CO2 system status.
Repeat signals from all panels shall be provided at LCD based Mimic Panel in the Fire
Station, Gas plant control room and Power generation control room.
The LCD based Mimic panels (located in Gas plant control room and Fire Station) shall
display all the alarms and statuses according to cause&effect matrix, as follows:
 Alarms and status signals for firewater Pumps:
o „Pump On Demand“ status indication,
o „Running“ and „Stopped“ status indication,
o „Pump Not Available“ alarm,
o „Controller not in Auto“ status indication,
o “Auto” and “Manual” status indication,
 Alarm for discharge pressure low low,
 Alarm for fuel level low & low low,
 Pressure Indicating Controller for firewater main header pressure control,
 Deluge Valve Systems Spray (with Frangible Plug) indication for fire water pressure
alarm high (Deluge actuated)
 Suppression systems alarm and status indication,
 Foam system status indication,
 Process Area & Building alarms for each Zone (summary);
 Power Plant area alarms for each Zone;
 Office/Accommodation area alarms.
The LCD based Mimic panels located in Power generation control room shall display all the
alarms and statuses according to cause&effect matrix, as follows:
 Process Area & Building alarms for each Zone (summary);
 Power Plant area alarms for each Zone;
 Suppression systems alarm and status indication,
5143_000_CN_1500_01
FIGHTING SYSTEM
All equipment associated with the F&G System (other than control panels and detectors in
safe area) shall be certified suitable for the hazardous area classification and
weatherproofed for the environmental conditions. External equipment shall be rated NEMA
4 or IP 65.
Where areas are to be classified with regard to safety hazard, this shall be done in
accordance with their API code (latest as applicable). Equipment selection in hazardous
areas shall be in accordance with the IEC code (latest as applicable).
All cabling associated with the F&G System shall be suitably protected against mechanical
damage and hazardous events. All cables relating to fire detection shall have a minimum
fire rating of 1 hour.
Power supply systems shall be arranged such that no single incident can cut off all power
to the F&G System.
Generally, techniques of redundancy and replication shall be used to avoid common mode
failure, such that single fault does not make the system or its part inoperable.
4.8.2 Fire Water Pumps Control

The FW pumps shall be controlled by their own individual local control panels. Alarms and
signals from local control panels shall be transmitted to F&G system and indicated on the
LCD Mimic Panels.
LCD Mimic panel located in the Fire Station shall have the provision to start fire water
pumps manually on operator’s request.
The main electric fire water pump shall be started when the water main pressure falls below
a preset value, giving automatic starting of the fire water pump when a hydrant is opened.
Diesel driven pump shall start automatically through the pump’s control panel initiated by
further header pressure drop. Time delay of 10s shall be provided for the start of the
second FW pump.
Two jockey pumps shall be installed for maintaining the required header water pressure.
One (Duty) jockey pump shall be running continuously maintaining the header pressure
with minimum water flow rate thru pressure control valve. The header pressure shall be
constantly maintained at 130 PSI. Second jockey pump (Stand-by) shall start on pressure
switch actuation. When first FW pump starts both jockey pumps shall be stopped.
Preset values for header pressure maintenance and pumps start initiation shall be as
follows:
 Continuous header pressure control set point 130 PSI;
 Stand-by jockey pump 120 PSI;
 Main electric FW pump 110 PSI;
 Stand-by diesel FW pump 100 PSI.
The LCD Mimic Panels shall monitor the fire water pump discharge pressure at all times
and issue alarms to indicate pressure limit conditions.
The LCD Mimic Panels shall also be used to monitor and indicate the level in the fire water
storage tanks.
5143_000_CN_1500_01
FIGHTING SYSTEM
4.8.3 Manual Controls

All of the executive actions listed for the Fire and Gas panel, including horns and strobes,
shall be capable of being overridden at the Fire and Gas Panel by means of privileged
access (password protected) only by authorized personnel.
5143_000_CN_1500_01

5143 - 000 - CN - 1500 - 01 - RB - Fire Detection General Philosophy

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5143 - 000 - CN - 1500 - 01 - RB - Fire Detection General Philosophy

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Document Number: TP-9308Z-IC-PD-01 SIRTE OIL COMPANY

FIRE AND GAS DETECTION SYSTEM PHILOSOPHY

MODERNIZATION OF FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

FIRE AND GAS DETECTION SYSTEM

B 121210 For Approval E. Karavdić A. Salihbegović A. Hadžialić

A 250810 Information V. Marinković A. Hadzialić A. Ibisević

FIRE AND GAS DETECTION SYSTEM PHILOSOPHY

2.0 PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY 4

3.0 EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEM SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS 4

4.0 FIRE & GAS DETECTION SYSTEM 4

4.1 General Requirements 5

4.2 General Fire Alarm 6

4.3 Fire Detection 9

4.4 Fire Suppression Systems 11

4.5 Flammable Gas Detection 15

4.6 Toxic Gas Detection 18

4.7 Emergency Shut Down Sequences 19

FIRE AND GAS SYSTEM PHILOSOPHY

4.8 Fire and Gas Detection and Protection Control System 19

FIRE AND GAS SYSTEM PHILOSOPHY

2.0 PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY

3.0 EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEM SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS

4.0 FIRE & GAS DETECTION SYSTEM

FIRE AND GAS SYSTEM PHILOSOPHY

Codes and standards:

4.1 General Requirements

FIRE AND GAS SYSTEM PHILOSOPHY

4.2 General Fire Alarm

Manual Alarm initiating Devices – Manual Alarm Call Points

Operation of a manual alarm call point shall initiate:

Automatic alarm initiating devices

Operation sequences shall be defined in section 4.3

FIRE AND GAS SYSTEM PHILOSOPHY

4.2.2 Plant Audible and Visual Alarms

Suppression System Audible Alarms:

FIRE AND GAS SYSTEM PHILOSOPHY

Audible Alarm Devices

Fire and Gas Audible Alarms (sounder/horn):

The following general principles related to Audible Alarms shall apply:

4.2.2.2 Visual alarms:

FIRE AND GAS SYSTEM PHILOSOPHY

4.3 Fire Detection

4.3.1 Fire Detection in Process Areas / Outdoors

FIRE AND GAS SYSTEM PHILOSOPHY

4.3.2 Fire Detection in Buildings / Indoors

Positioning of detectors shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations

4.3.3 Operating Principles

Fire Detection – One Level Alarm (General Fire Alarm)

If any detector within the protected room/area senses fire then:

First Level (General Fire Alarm)

FIRE AND GAS SYSTEM PHILOSOPHY

Second Level (ESD function)

If two detectors within protected room/area sense fire then:

First Level (Fire Pre-Alarm)

Second Level (General Fire Alarm)

If two detectors within protected room/area sense fire then:

4.4 Fire Suppression Systems

4.4.2 Water Spray (Deluge) System at Gas Compressors

FIRE AND GAS SYSTEM PHILOSOPHY

4.4.3 Foam System

4.4.4 Total Flooding System

FIRE AND GAS SYSTEM PHILOSOPHY

2) Cancellation of Pre-Alarm – in case of non-activation of second (2nd) detector within