Finals 4 Gcgcian Ii

IS 313 CGCIAN ll CITI GLOBAL COLLEGE INC.
3 hou rs lecture Bayan Walk Arcade, Poblacion Dos, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Pre-requisites: none (+63) 917-873-5022 / www.citiglobalcollege.edu.ph
Module 4 Main Topic: LOVE OF NEIGHBOR
FINALS| Week 3
I. INTRODUCTION
Justice Defined
Merriam Webster Encyclopedia defines "maintenance or administration of what is just especially by impartial adjustment
of conflicting claims or the assignment rewards or punishments.”
II. LEARNING OBJECTIVES

To give extensive & intensive reading practice
To introduce & review language & vocabulary
To introduce functional language
To give freer speaking practice
III. LEARNING CONTENT
A. Outline
Main Topic ; Love of Neighbor
Lecture Activities Requirements
DISTANCE ONLINE LEARNING Students with Connectivity
Asynchronous – Pre-recorded/Stream
● Read the written modules or watch the video lecture through the provided links and/or
virtual classrooms.
● Read the supplementary materials through the use of link/s
● Accomplish the assignment task and submit into this email: belenladia@yahoo.com
or to the class google classroom with the code f2qpxaa.
● Take the quiz for 60 seconds based on specified schedules.
Synchronous
•
Participate on the online discussion for clarifications and concerns about the
ambiguous and tough lessons. (once a week)
DIGITIZED MODULE – Students with limited connectivity
● Read the pre-downloaded modules and/or lecture video/s through the provided links
and/or virtual classrooms.
● Get digitized copies of modules from the identified access points or download it to the
provided Class link.
● Submit solved activities using the email, drive, or through the nearest drop-off
centers.
Date Develop: August 20, 2020 Document No.
Developed by:
Engr. Belen P. Ladia Date Revised: n/a Issued by:
Experience the
Faculty – College Dept. Checked by: CGC Module Quality Assurance Team Version 1.0 Revision # 00 Edge
REMOTE PRINT/ Printed Module – Student with no connectivity
● Go to the nearest identified access point (pick-up/ drop-off) centers.
● Get/ Pick-up printed copies of modules
● Submit solved activities in the identified drop-off centers.
*** indicate specific date and time for distribution and retrieval of module/s
B. Discussions
LOVE OF NEIGHBOR
Different Application of Justice
Justice is an action in compliance with the conditions by law. Whether these rules are grounded in human consensus
or societal norms, they are intended to ensure that all members of' society receive fair treatment. Issues of justice arise in
several different spheres and play important role in causing, perpetuating, and resolving conflicts. Institutions tend to
instill a sense of stability, well-being, and contentment among members of society, while perceived injustices can lead to
dissatisfaction, rebellion, or revolution. Each of the different spheres expresses the principles of justice and fairness in its
own way. resulting in different types and concepts of justice: commutative, distributive, legal, and social. These types of
justice have important implications for socio-economic, political, civil, and criminal justice at both national and
international level.
Commutative Justice
Commutative justice is a type of justice that controls and harmonizes the exercise of rights between men to his fellow
man. It covers private persons as well as juridical persons (communities or associations) to render to each other according
to the principle of reciprocity. This means that the exchange of anything shall be based on equal value. The business
transaction of equitable pricing of goods is an example of commutative application of justice.
Distributive Justice
Distributive justice is a type of justice that regulates the exercise of rights between the individual and the community.
The objective end of this form of justice is the private or particular good of each member of the community. Distributive
justice therefore regulates the acts of the public authority or of the state in relation to the rights of the individual
citizen or patty. It presupposes these rights as something which public authority or society must preserve and respect. It
regulates the imposition of taxes, fees or privileges by the community upon the individual member. Likewise, the
individual members practice distributive justice by accepting uncomplainingly the equitable distribution of charges,
burdens and privileges.

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Legal Justice
Legal justice is a type of justice that regulates the exercise of rights between the community and the authority
charged with the general welfare of the community. The objective purpose of legal justice is the common good. "Common
good" refers to the total conditions of social living necessary and contributory to the development of man within
community. The imposition of laws derives from legal justice. Legal and distributive justice compliments each other.
"In the measure in which the individual devotes his powers and resources to the common welfare, the community must
show its concerns for his. particular welfare.
Social Justice
Social justice is a type of justice that presupposes commutative justice as a condition. But it goes beyond the
requirements of commutative justice. Its objective purpose is the common good, and is thus also called "justice
of the common welfare" or justice of the community". Where commutative justice depends on the law or legal contracts
between individuals, social justice draws its force from the solidarity of men living in the community of persons.
The model of social justice is the solidly united family where the common interest prevails and where it is self-
evident that the weaker members have just claim on the stronger ones -and on the solidarity Of all•
In the political stability the state has the duty to safeguard every member of the community, life, sustenance, and the
opportunity of work. In the individual level, social justice imposes the obligation to assist those in need so that they too
are able to live in the manner worthy of their dignity as a person.
Love of One's Neighbor
American Catholic Quarterly Review enumerates some ways on how

to love one's neighbor. these are:
l. Even apart from civil society men are bound to reciprocal duties in virtue of the likeness of their specific nature and the
identity of their end. All men have the same specific nature, the same origin, and the same end. This establishes a kind of
affinity among them which, apart from civil society, imposes on them reciprocal duties.
2. The foundation of all duties to one's neighbor is the precept. Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. Love of one's
neighbor is not a mere natural inclination resulting from likeness of specific nature, but it is a precept of reason. For order
demands that as other men have the same human nature as ourselves, we should wish them the blessings that we desire for
ourselves. Yet because the bond of identity or substantial unity is stronger than that of likeness of specific nature, we
should indeed love our neighbor as ourselves, but not as much as ourselves. The precept of loving our neighbor imposes
both negative and positive duties. The former are contained in the maxim, "Do not to others what you would not
have them do to you;" the latter, in the maxim, "Do to others asyou would that they should do to you."
3. From love of one's neighbor results the duty of doing nothing that injures his moral dignity, or impedes or perverts the
lawful exercise of his free will. The moral dignity of one's neighbor is impaired by scandal, which gives him an occasion

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of falling into evil; by seduction, which deceives him in order to draw him into evil; in a word, by whatever turns him
from his duty. All these acts are a manifest violation of the love of justice due to our neighbor. But if a man of evil habits
has a good name, and thereby takes occasion to injure the rights of others, it is lawful to reveal his true
character, but so far only as is necessary to protect the innocent.
4. From the love of one's neighbor arises the duty of doing no violence to his intellect by deceitfully leading him into
error. Veracity is indispensable to society. Take away from speech its nature as sign of thought and you destroy all
intercourse among men. Besides, even if lying would not harm society, it would still be an evil, for God has given speech
to man as a means of expressing his thoughts and communicating with his equals; therefore, to use it
to deceive is to oppose nature. Hence lying is never permitted.
5. From love of one's neighbor results the duty of not attempt in life or maltreating his body Life is a most precious boon
to man, for it enables him to work out his present destiny and to for his future state; hence homicide is one of the greatest
that can be committed. The interdict laid upon homicide extends to every action that impairs the integrity of the human
organs. such as mutilations, wounds, and blows,
6. From love of one's neighbor arises the duty not merely of doing him no harm, but even of doing him good. We ought
to love our neighbor as ourselves; now, we wish not only that others no evil, but also that they do us good. Hence besides
perfect duties, we have also positive or imperfect duties our neighbor. We should enlighten his mind, strengthen hlS will
in the practice of good, help him in need, and defend his name. Positive duties are either humane or beneficent. They
duties of humanity if they are rendered our neighbor with: any personal sacrifice; they are duties of beneficence if
involve some personal inconvenience or loss. They are, more meritorious than the former class. Yet though both
of positive duty are commanded in a general way, they do constitute a determinate obligation in this or that particular
case: their obligation being only moral and not juridical, no one can forced to fulfill them. They become a strict and
imperative duty only in case of our neighbor's extreme need, owing to the presenceof imminent and deadly evil to soul br
body.
Self-Defense Defined
Self-defense (also called, when it applies to the defense of another alter ego defense, defense of others, defense of a third
person) is the right for civilians acting on their own behalf to engage in violence for the sakeof defending one's own life or
the lives of others, including the use of deadly force.
Legality of Self Defense
In most laws, when defense succeeds, it operates as a complete justification provided the degree of violence used is
comparable or proportionate to the threat being confronted, and so deadly force should only be used in situations of
"extreme" danger. The defense would fail if a defendant deliberately killed a petty thief who did not appear to be a
physical threat. Sometimes there is a "duty to retreat" which invalidates the defense. On the other hand, such "duty to
retreat" may be negated in situations involving abusive relationships and in burglary situations, given the so-called castle
exception (protecting one's home), namely that one cannot be expected to retreat from one's own home, namely, "a man's
house is his castle," and "each man's home his safest refuge") which brings self-defense back into play.

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In some countries, the concept of "pre-emptive" self-defense is limited by a requirement that the threat must be
imminent. Thus, lawful "pre-emptive" self-defense is simply the act of landing the first blow in a situation that has
reached a point of no hope for escape. This pre-emptive approach is recognized by many self-defense instructors and
experts believe that if the situation is so clear and that violence is unavoidable, the defender has better chance of surviving
by landing the first blow and gaining the immediate upper hand to quickly stop the risk to their person.
Self-defense cannot be considered as immoral. It -is normal and natural reaction for every human being to protect
himself against any threat or harm to his body. Provided, however, that the act of killing is done because it is the only
available means to protect oneself and there is no way to evade the danger. But if killing is done despite superiority of
strength, arms or despite the available means to escape such threat to life, then in legal perspective, it may be regarded as
homicide or murder, by which both are considered immoral.
Capital Punishment
Capital punishment, also referred to as the death penalty, is the legally ordered execution of a prisoner as a
punishment for a serious crime, often called a "capital offense or a capital crime". The term "capital" comes
from the Latin "capitalis" meaning "head." Thus, capital punishment is the penalty for a crime so severe.that it deserves
decapitation (beheading).
In the past and even at present under certain systems of law, the death penalty was applied to a wider range of
offenses. In the Philippines, it was imposed before and those sentenced to death are usually those who
committed heinous crimes. Heinous Crimes as defined by the repealed Republic Act No. 7659 are crimes punishable by
death for being grievous, odious and hateful offenses and which, by reason of their inherent or manifest wickedness,
viciousness, atrocity and perversity are repugnant and outrageous to the common standards and norms of decency and
morality in a just, civilized and ordered society. Examples of heinous crimes are complex crimes like rape with murder or
rape with arson, rape with parricide, drug trafficking or plunder (large scale graft and corruption) and other crimes.
Offenders who have been convicted to death are usually kept segregated from other prisoners in a special part of the
prison pending their execution. In some places this segregated area is called "death row,
Arguments against Death Penalty

Some of the major arguments used by those who opposed death penalty
➢ Death penalty is killing. All killing is wrong; therefore, the death penalty is wrong.
➢ Death penalty is a violation of human rights.
➢ Torture and cruelty are wrong. Some executions are botched and the executed suffer extended pain. Even
those who die instantly suffer mental anguish leading up to the execution.
➢ Criminal proceedings are fallible. Many people facing the death penalty have been exonerated, sometimes
only minutes before their scheduled execution. Others, however, have been executed before evidence clearing

Developed by:
Experience the
them is discovered. Whilst criminal trials not involving the death penalty can involve mistakes, there is at least
the opportunity for mistakes to be corrected.
➢ Since in many cases at least the defendants are financially indigent and therefore end up being represented by
court-appointed attorneys whose credentials are often highly questionable, opponents argue that the
prosecution has an unfair advantage.
➢ It is not a deterrent because anyone that would be deterred by the death penalty would already have been
deterred by life in prison, and people that are not deterred by that wouldn 't be stopped by any punishment. It
was also shown that states that have implemented the death penalty recently have not had a reduction of
violent crime.
➢ It has also been argued that the death penalty does not deter murder because most murders are either "crimes
of passion" or are planned by people who don't think they'll get caught (however this argument could be used
for any penalty).
➢ Some people argue that the death penalty brutalizes society, by sending out the message that killing people is
the right thing to do in some circumstances.
➢ There is some evidence, though further studies are needed, that the death penalty psychologically harms the
executioners, in some cases contributing to "Perpetration-Induced Traumatic Stress".
➢ It is plausible that killing a helpless person in a situation In which the executioner is not in danger is not an
exercise of courage (the way that some instances of killing to war might be). but on the contrary may lead to
moral harms to the executioner, such as decreasing the executioner's sense of the value of life. It can then he
argued that when capital punishment is not absolutely necessary to defend society. society has no right to ask
executioners to undertake such risks to their own virtue.
➢ Abolitionists variously argue that statistics show the death penalty either makes no difference to the number of
murders, or actually causes them to increase.
➢ It denies redemption, in a non-religious sense. Some hold that a judicial system should have the role of
educating those found guilty of crimes. If one is executed, he will never have been educated and made a better
person.
➢ Even if we have not ourselves physically committed murder, quite possibly we have fantasized about crimes
of that sort: we are ourselves, guilty of many things. Is it appropriate for the guilty toimpose the most extreme
kind of punishment? (This argument is implicit in Jesus' saying: "Let him who is without sin cast the first
stone.")
Arguments for Death Penalty

Key arguments for supporters of the death penalty include:
• People who committed heinous crimes (usually murder in countries that practice the death penalty) have forfeited the
right to life.
• Government is not an individual and is given far more powers.
• Death penalty shows the greatest respect for the ordinary man and especially the victim's, inviolable value.
• It strikes fewer "innocent persons" than alternative penalties, as among prisoners and ex-prisoners there are many
who relapse into new crimes, which strike "innocent persons".
• Jt provides peace of mind for many victims of crime and their families.
• It recognizes humankind's natural sense of equal justice, in this case, a life a life.
• It is the most way to protect (its structures and its individuals) from a crime.

Developed by:
Experience the
• It is less than prolonged sentences of imprisonment especially under the conditions that would be popularly
demanded for heinous criminals.
• It shows how seriously society looks at the most heinous may deter violent crime and murder Many advocates
do not that this is a primary reason for supporting the death penalty.
• From an economical point of view, it is cheaper to put on execution than to house a prisoner for life.
• Just as the virtuous deserve reward proportionate to their deeds, so too the vicious deserve punishment
proportionate their bad deeds. One might even hold, with Kant, that respect shown to the criminal as
someone who has chosen a particular path in life by visiting the appropriate punishment on the criminal.
(Objection: Not all virtue needs to be rewarded. Likewise, may be good reason like mercy, say to refrain from
imposing the full weight of a deserved punishment.)
• Criminals may be led to rethink their lives and set their souls in order by the pressing expectation of death.
• It upholds the rule of law, because it discourages vigilantism or self-help on the part of the victim's family or
friends (in the form of lynching or the retaining of hit men). If not controlled, such self-help can lead to
extremely destructive vendettas or blood feuds.
There is an ongoing debate as to whether capital punishment reduces crime rates; ideally, potential murderers (or
other criminals) would be too scared of the punishment to commit crime. The counterargument is that it doesn't affect
crime rate, because potential criminals think that they won't be caught, so they do not care about punishment until it's too
late.
There are even studies that have concluded that the death penalty appears to encourage murder, However, like many
questions in social sciences, actual research data on this question can be (and is) interpreted
very differently by people with differing predispositions towards capital punishment. In any event, the actual
effectiveness (or lack of it) is large irrelevant to many who feel strongly about the debate, as their views
based on other factors.
Capital Punishment and Morality
In the above discussions about death penalty, both arguments (pros and cons) have their own merits, legality is not an
issue because some activities are legal but may not be moral like gambling and to add death penalty. In the issue of
morality, most humans consider capital punishment as immoral. Religious affiliation may vary, but conscience and natural
law dictates that it is unacceptable. To be human, it is expected that every individual should be cultured not savage,
refined not barbaric, and humane not like animals in terms of behavior. In civil society, capital punishment
will never earn its room for morality.
Video
•
Book
IV. LEARNING ACTIVITIES (Use the provided template and show it here)

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A. Quizzes
B. Assignment/Seatwork
C. Laboratory Works (if course/s requires laboratory activity)
V. ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION
A. Grading System / Scoring Rubric/s
VI. REFERENCES
A. Electronic Sources:
•
B. Printed Materials:
•
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IS 313 CGCIAN ll CITI GLOBAL COLLEGE INC.

Module 4 Main Topic: LOVE OF NEIGHBOR

II. LEARNING OBJECTIVES

III. LEARNING CONTENT

Lecture Activities Requirements

DISTANCE ONLINE LEARNING Students with Connectivity

● Read the supplementary materials through the use of link/s

● Take the quiz for 60 seconds based on specified schedules.

REMOTE PRINT/ Printed Module – Student with no connectivity

● Go to the nearest identified access point (pick-up/ drop-off) centers.

● Get/ Pick-up printed copies of modules

● Submit solved activities in the identified drop-off centers.

Different Application of Justice

Date Develop: August 20, 2020 Document No.

Love of One's Neighbor

American Catholic Quarterly Review enumerates some ways on how

Date Develop: August 20, 2020 Document No.

Legality of Self Defense

Date Develop: August 20, 2020 Document No.

Arguments against Death Penalty

Date Develop: August 20, 2020 Document No.

Arguments for Death Penalty

Date Develop: August 20, 2020 Document No.

Capital Punishment and Morality

Date Develop: August 20, 2020 Document No.

C. Laboratory Works (if course/s requires laboratory activity)

Module ###: Main Topic Here

Date Develop: August 20, 2020 Document No.

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