Water Supply and

Distribution System
• Direct Pressure Method
• Hydropneumatic Pressure Boosting method
• Upfeed Supply & Downfeed Distribution Method
• Water Supply Pipes and Fittings
1. Direct Pressure Method
KEYWORDS:

Water Main

Minimum Pressure Requirement : 15 psi or 104 kPa

Maximum Pressure Requirement: 80 psi or 552 kPa

Branch

Riser

Joint Fittings

Control Fittings
Elements of the Domestic Water Distribution System:
• Water (Street) Main – A water supply pipe for
public or community use controlled by public
authority.
• Water – Service Pipe – The pipe from the
water main, water meter, water supply
system or other approved source of water
supply, to the building or structure served.
• Water – Distribution Pipe – A pipe which
conveys potable water from the building
supply pipe to the plumbing fixtures & other
water outlets in the building.
• Fixture Branch – A pipe connecting several
fixture.
• Fixture Supply – A water supply pipe
connecting the fixture with the fixture branch
or directly to a main water supply pipe.

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 6

Service Tap Connection Detail:

• Corporation Cock – A valve screwed into the street water main to supply
the house service connection.
• Gooseneck – The part of the pipe curved like the neck of a goose, usually
flexible. Also the lead connection between a service pipe and water main.
• Curb Stop or Curb Cock – A control valve for the water supply of a
building, usually placed between the sidewalk and the street curb; used
to shut off the water supply in case of emergency or should the water
supply of the building be discontinued.
Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 7
WATER MAIN
SERVICE TAP
Pipe Tap Tool

Water Main

Corporation Cock Saddle Clamp

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 8

 Service Tap Connection
Gooseneck Connection

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 9

Meter Connection Detail:

• Water Meter – A mechanical device used to measure the volume of

water passing through a pipe.

• Meter Stop – A valve placed at the street side of the water meter and
serves as a controlling device for the building installation.

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 10

• Shower Connection
• Water Closet
Connection
• Lavatory
Connection

Fixture Branch

• Sink Connection

House Distribution Layout: Fixture Supply

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 11
Water Closet and Lavatory Fixture Supply Connections:

Vacuum Breaker

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 12

Shower Fixture Supply Connections:

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 13

SAMPLE PROJECT APPLICATION

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP

- CEBU
Water Supply Plan
14 through Direct Pressure System
SAMPLE PROJECT APPLICATION
SAMPLE PROJECT APPLICATION

Water Supply Plan through Direct Pressure System

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP
16
- CEBU
2. Hydropneumatic
Pressure Boosting Method
Hydropneumatic Pressure System

• This is a pumping system that provide water within pre-set

flow and pressure ratings, automatically on demand giving all
the advantages of city water supply.

• This system contains 3 basic elements:

1. A Pump
2. A Pressure Gauge & Pressure Switch
3. A Pressure Vessel (Pressure Tank)

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 18

Pressure Tank

Pressure Sensing Electric

Switch

Pump
Hydropneumatic
Pressure Boosting
System

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 19

 To House

Hydropneumatic Pressure Boosting System using Bladder Type

Pressure Tank:

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 20

BOOSTER PUMP

END SUCTION CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

Pump Brand names:

1. Goulds
2. Grundfos
3. Ebara VERTICAL IN-LINE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
4. Wilo
PRESSURE TANK
Bladder type
Pressure Tank
Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 23
Upfeed Supply and
Downfeed Distribution
Method
Components of the Downfeed Water
Distribution System: Gravity Tank
1. Suction Tank 4
2. Transfer Pump
3. Upfeed supply riser
4. Gravity Tank
5. Downfeed pipe
6. Pump control and relay
5
3

1
2
Transfer Pump – A device or machine that
compresses and/or transports fluids usually by
pressure or suction, or both; used to convey water
from one elevation to another.
 WATER STORAGE TANK
• GRAVITY STORAGE TANK
• SUCTION TANK or
BREAK CISTERN

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 27

Water Storage Tanks
Polyethylene Water Storage
Tanks: For Hard water, deep
well system, cisterns &
other fluids.
Stainless Steel Grade
304 Water Storage
Tanks
Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU
Stainless Steel Grade 304
Modular Water Storage Tank:
100,000 to 1 million liter
Capacity
28
5. The gravity tanks shall
be provided with the
following pipes:
a. Inlet Pipe
b. Overflow
c. Drain Pipe
d. Outlet Pipe
e. Air Vent Pipe
f. Manholes & Covers
g. Water Level Indicator
h. Control Valves

Section of a Water Storage Tank

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 29
 Float switch

Float Valve A float switch is a device used

A float valve is used to shut to detect the level
off the flow of liquids, of water within a tank that
normally water, at a pre- actuates the pump to turn ON
determined level. or OFF.

TANK ACCESSORY
Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 30
Types of Elevated Storage Tanks as to Location of Inlet Pipe:

Floating-On-The-Line System – water is Fill-And-Draw System – Water is pumped

pumped both into the tank & to the directly into the reservoir and from the
consumers. Water goes up to the tank when reservoir, water supply is distributed to
the water demand is low or if there is a the consumers through gravity Flow. The
residual water supply, & water is drawn from tank is usually installed near the water
the tank during peak demand. This system source to minimize head losses due to
requires continuous pumping @ low friction.
pumping capacity Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 31
WATER TANK DATA: FRP
(Fiber Reinforced Plastic)

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP CEBU

4. Water Supply Pipes
and Fittings
What are the Types of G.I. Pipe Fittings?
1. Nipple 5. Reducer
a. short nipple 6. Bushing
b. long nipple 7. Plug
c. close nipple 8. Cap
9. Union
2. Coupling
10. Flange
3. Elbow 11. Extension Piece
a. reducing elbow
b. street elbow
4. Tee

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 34

G.I PIPE JOINT FITTINGS
G.I. PIPE JOINT FITTINGS
 PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) Tape
or TEFLON Tape

G.I. Pipe Screw Joint

TESTING THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 38

PLUMBING CODE
REQUIREMENT:
• Upon completion of a
section or of the entire
hot & cold water supply
systems, it shall be tested
and proved tight under a
water pressure not less 2.
than the working
pressure under which it is
to be used plus 50% of
not less than 15 minutes.
Sec. 501.2.6 NPC
What are the types of
Water Supply Piping Test?
Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU
RECOMMENDED:
1. Rough Piping Test –
installation is subjected to a
hydrostatic test @ 862 kPa (125
psig) minimum for a period of 3
hours & should be proved
watertight without any loss of
pressure.
Finish Piping Test – the
entire completed system,
including all fixtures & faucets,
should be retested by subjecting
it to a hydrostatic test of 517
kPa (75 psig) for a period of 3
hours & should be proved
watertight without any loss of
pressure.
39
Hydrostatic Water Test:

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 40

Compressed Air Test for Water Supply Piping System:

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 41

PolyVinylChloride (PVC) Supply Pipes & Fittings:

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 42

PVC PIPE JOINT AND CONTROL FITTINGS
 Gibault Joint is a
coupling designed to
supply an efficient and
economical method for
PVC pipes. It is an ideal
way for re-connecting
Solvent Weld Joint pipes after removal of
the damaged PVC pipe
PIPE JOINT or for Connecting 2
pipe into a pipeline.
METHOD FOR PVC
PIPES Compression Joint
Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 44
Polypropylene pipe is
used in many
industrial settings
due to its chemical
and thermal
resistance,
affordability, and
cost.
Use PPR PN 10 for
cold water piping.
Use PPR PN 20 for
hot & cold water
piping.

Polypropylene (PPR) Supply Pipes & Fittings:

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 45
 POLYETHYLENE PIPES AND FITTINGS

Rigid HDPE Pipe

Flexible PE Pipe

Fittings for Heat Fusion

Compression Fittings
/ Screw Joint

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 46

POLYBUTYLENE (PB) PIPES

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 47

 COPPER PIPES and TUBINGS
Copper tubing is most often used for supply of hot and cold tap
water, and as refrigerant line in HVAC systems. There are two
basic types of copper tubing, soft copper and rigid copper.
Copper tubing is joined using flare connection, compression
connection, or solder. Copper offers a high level of resistance to
corrosion, but is becoming very costly.

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 48

COMMON WALL-THICKNESSES OF COPPER TUBING ARE "TYPE
K", "TYPE L", "Type M", and "Type DWV":
Type K has the thickest wall section of the three types of
pressure rated tubing and is commonly used for deep
underground burial such as under sidewalks and streets, with a
suitable corrosion protection coating or continuous
polyethylene sleeve as required by code. It is color coded in
Green.
Type L has a thinner pipe wall section, and is most popular for
use in water supply system. It is color coded in Blue.
Type M has an even thinner pipe wall section, and is used in
residential and commercial water supply where pressure is not
too great. It is color coded in Red.
Type DWV has the thinnest wall section, and is generally only
suitable for unpressurized applications, such as drains, waste
and vent (DWV) lines.
Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 49
Cut Ream Clean

Apply Flux and Assemble Light Torch Solder

Copper Pipe Solder Joint or Sweat Joint

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 50
 Copper Pipe Flared Joint

Pipe Cutter Flaring Tool

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 51

Copper Pipe Compression Joint

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 52

Composite Pipe:

From Unitec Pipes Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 53

PLUMBING SYMBOLS

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP CEBU

PLUMBING SYMBOLS
WATER SUPPLY
CONTROL FITTINGS
( VALVES)
Gate Valve: Globe Valve:

Gate Valve – A valve in which Globe Valve - A valve in

the flow of water is cut off by which the flow of fluid is cut
means of a circular disc fitted off by means of a circular disc
against machine – smoothed that fits against the horizontal
faces at right angles to the valve seat.
direction of flow.
Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 58
Check Valve: Angle Valve:

Check Valve – A valve that Angle Valve – A device,

automatically close to prevent usually of the globe type, in
the flow of liquid or gas in a which the inlet and outlet are
reverse direction. at right angles.

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 59

Ball Valve: Faucet:

Faucet – A valve on a water

pipe by means of which water
Ball Valve – A spherical can be drawn from or held
shaped gate valve providing within the pipe. The valve is
very tight shut off. placed at the end of the pipe.
Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 60
Butterfly Valve Foot Valve

Pressure Shower Valve for

Reducing Valve Hot & Cold

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 61

 PROVIDE HYDROPNEUMATIC PRESSURE
BOOSTING SYSTEM

Water Supply Plan through Direct Pressure System

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP
62
- CEBU
TESTING THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 63

PLUMBING CODE
REQUIREMENT:
• Upon completion of a
section or of the entire
hot & cold water supply
systems, it shall be tested
and proved tight under a
water pressure not less 2.
than the working
pressure under which it is
to be used plus 50% of
not less than 15 minutes.
Sec. 501.2.6 NPC
What are the types of
Water Supply Piping Test?
Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU
RECOMMENDED:
1. Rough Piping Test –
installation is subjected to a
hydrostatic test @ 862 kPa (125
psig) minimum for a period of 3
hours & should be proved
watertight without any loss of
pressure.
Finish Piping Test – the
entire completed system,
including all fixtures & faucets,
should be retested by subjecting
it to a hydrostatic test of 517
kPa (75 psig) for a period of 3
hours & should be proved
watertight without any loss of
pressure.
64
Hydrostatic Water Test:

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 65

Compressed Air Test for Water Supply Piping System:

Danilo V. Ravina, NAMPAP CEBU 66

PAHUWAY UNA TA….