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System
The 4 Major Components of the Drainage System:
• Sanitary or Soil Drainage • Vent System – The piping installed
System – the piping that to provide a flow of air to or from
conveys the discharge of a drainage system or to provide a
water closets or fixtures circulation of air within such
having similar functions system to protect trap seals from
(containing fecal matter), siphonage and back pressure.
with or without the • Storm Drainage System - the
discharges from other piping system that receives clear
fixtures. water drainage from leaders,
• Waste Drainage System – downspouts, surface runoff,
the piping that receives ground water, subsurface water,
the liquid discharge from condensate water, cooling water
plumbing fixtures other or other similar discharges and
than water closets. It is conveys them to the point of
free of fecal matter. disposal. All sanitary wastes must
not be included in this system.
Cleanout
Individual Vent
or Back Vent
Wall Cleanout
Lavatory
Water Waste Pipe
600 mm from Closet
foundation wall
Auxiliary
Floor Drain Shower Floor Drain
Floor
Cleanout House Drain
or Building
Drain
Digestive
Chamber
Holding
Chamber
The DWV SYSTEM
To point of Disposal Septic Tank
51 – 102 mm
300 mm
(minimum)
906.1 Each vent pipe or stack through roof
(SVTR) shall extend its flashing all around and
150 mm the stack vent shall terminate vertically not less
(minimum) than 15 cm above the roof nor less than 0.3
meter from any vertical surface nearby.
3000 mm
900 mm
300 mm
300 mm 150 mm
900 mm
150 mm
2100 mm
(minimum)
Air admittance valves offer a substitute for You can use air admittance valves for:
running vent pipes to the outside of •trap vents
buildings. These valves open automatically •group vents
to let fresh air into the sanitary system if •stack vents
there is a decrease in air pressure within •branch drains.
the system. The valves close automatically, These are not suitable for upstream
to avoid the discharge of foul air, whenever venting of a main drain (unless there are
the pressure in the system is equal to or two upstream vents, in which case one
greater than the external pressure. may be an air admittance valve). They
should be installed in the same location
and using the same method as the vent
they are replacing.
Design
and
Construction
SITING OF SEPTIC TANK*
(Minimum Horizontal Distance)
From building or structure: 1.50 meters
Property line adjoining
Private property: 1.50 meters
Water supply Wells: 15.20 meters
Streams: 15.20 meters
Trees: 3.00 meters
Seepage pits or
Cesspools; 1.50 meters
Disposal Fields; 1.50 meters
On site Domestic Water
Service line: 1.50 meters
Pressure Public
Water Main: 3.00 meters
304.8mm Minimum
Depth of Inlet and
Outlet Pipe below
the water surface
Septic tank shall be structurally designed to withstand all anticipated earth or other
loads. All septic tanks covers shall be capable of supporting an earth load of not
less than 14.4 kPa when the maximum coverage does not exceed 9000mm.
Sizing of the Septic Tank
*Septic Tank sizes in this table include sludge storage capacity and the connection disposal of domestic food waste units
without further volume increase.
Method 2b:
Estimated Waste/Sewage Flow Rates (Table B-3, 1999 National Plumbing Code)
Type of Occupancy Gallons per Day Liters per Day Type of Occupancy Gallons per Day Liters per Day
Airport : per employee 15 + 4 per 56.8 + 18.9 per Restaurant: Cafeteria 20/employee 75.7/employee
passenger passenger
Churches (Sanctuary) 4 per seat; (with 18.9 per seat; (with Restaurant: Toilet 7/customer 26.5/customer
Kitchen): 7 per Kitchen): 26.5 per
seat seat Restaurant: Kitchen 6/meal 22.7/meal
waste
Factories: w/o shower 25/person/shift 94.6/person/shift
Restaurant: Add for 1/meal 3.8/meal
Factories: w/ showers Add 10/employee Add 3.79/employee garbage disposal
Factories: w/ cafeteria Add 5/employee Add 18.9/employee Restaurant: Add for 2/customer 7.6/customer
cocktail lounge
Hospitals 250 per bed 946.3 per bed
Schools: Staff & Office 20/person 75.7/person
Hospital: Kitchen waste 25 per bed 94.6 per bed
Schools: Elementary 56.8/person
Hospital: Laundry waste 40 per bed 151.4 per bed
Schools: intermediate 20/person 75.7/student
Hotel: No kitchen waste 60/bed (2 person) 227.1/bed (2 & High School
person)
Schools: w/ gym & 5/person Add 18.9/student
Hotel: w/ kitchen waste 70/bed(2 person) 264.95/bed showers
Offices 20/employee or 75.7/employee or Schools: w/ cafeteria 3/person Add 11.4/student
1.12/ sq.m. floor 4.23/sq.m. floor
area area Recommended Design Criteria:
Stores 20 /employee 75.7/employee A. Waste/Sewage Flow, up to 1500 GPD (5677.5 LPD):
Septic Tank Capacity = Flow x 1.5
Stores: Public Restroom Add 1.2/sq.m. of Add 4/sq.m. of B. Waste/Sewage Flow over 1500 GPD (5677.5 LPD):
floor space floor area Septic Tank Capacity = (Flow x 0.75) + 1125
Prefabricated Septic Tank
B 5.13.4 Prefabricated Septic Tanks
B 5.13.4
(a.) Manufactured or prefabricated
septic tanks shall comply with all
approved applicable standards and be
approved by the Administrative
Authority.
B 6 Disposal Field
B 7 Seepage Pits
B 8 Cesspools
Private Sewage Disposal System: Disposal Field or Sanitary
Drainfield
Minimum spacing of lines,
center-to-center is 1.80
meters.
BELL or HUB –
that portion of a
pipe which, for a Classification of CISP
short distance, is 1. Class A – Extra Heavy (XH) – is often used for
sufficiently underground applications.
enlarge to receive 2. Class B – Service Weight (SV) – is used for general
the end of building installations.
another pipe of
the same
Telescoping Length: 64mm diameter for the
(2-1/2”) to 108mm (4-1/4”) purpose of Properties of CISP
making a caulked
or push-on joint.
Available Diameter (Nominal I.D.): 2”, 3”,
4”, 5”, 6”, 8”, 12”, and 15”
Length: 1500mm (5’) and 3000mm (10’)
Hydrostatic Test:
345 kPa (50 psi) for Service Weight
690 kPa (100 psi) for Extra Heavy)
2 Types:
Extra Heavy (XH) - Class A (100 psi); for underground installations
Service Weight (SV) - Class B (50 psi); for general building installations
DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP CEBU
CAST IRON SOIL PIPE (CISP)
BELL or HUB –is that portion of the pipe which, for a short distance, is sufficiently enlarged to receive
the end of another pipe of the same diameter for the purpose of making a caulked or push-on joint .
(Sec.203.12)
ABS and PVC DWV piping installations shall be used in high-rise buildings, provided that its
use shall be the discretion of the Master Plumber/Designer and also with the full consent
of the owner. (Sec. 701.1.2)
ABS pipe and fittings are made from a thermoplastic resin called Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-
Styrene (ABS for short).
A polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe is made from a plastic and vinyl combination material. The
pipes are durable, hard to damage, and long lasting. A PVC pipe does not rust, rot, or wear
over time. For that reason, PVC piping is most commonly used in water systems,
underground wiring, and sewer lines.
PVC was first developed in 1925 when a BF Goodrich employee, Dr. Waldo Semon,
attempted to invent a method for bonding metal and rubber. After blending materials
together to create a strong and flexible material, Semon discovered PVC. Nonetheless, the
product remained virtually useless for another decade. In the late 1930s, PVC was found to
have great shock absorbing abilities. This discovery led to the creation of long
lasting PVC tire treads, which were created with flexible forms of PVC.
Two decades later, PVC pipe was invented. By heating the PVC material, a special machine
called an extruder could be used to push it into hollow pipes. This PVC pipe was extremely
solid and virtually indestructible. Using these pipes for irrigation systems proved to be
effective, and PVC pipe has since been considered an affordable and reliable means for
water piping. DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP CEBU
PVC DWV SERIES 1000
CAST IRON SOIL PIPE supported at not more than 1.50 meters and shall be placed
within 0.45 meters of the hub or joint. for pipes more than 1.50
meters in length, may be supported at not more than 3 meters
interval
SCREWED PIPE At 3 meter interval for piping 19mm in diameter and smaller and
3.60 meters interval for pipings 25mm and larger in diameter.
PLASTIC PIPE shall be supported by stiff metal or wood backing with hangers in
its entire length for pipes 38mm diameter and without backing
but with spaced metal hangers at approved spacing for larger-size
spacing.
IN GROUND Piping buried in the ground shall be laid in a firm bed for its
entire length, except where concrete cradle support is provided.
LEAD PIPE Shall supported by stiff metal or wooden backing for its entire
length with hangers properly spaced.
VERTICAL PIPING: SUPPORTS
Vertical piping shall be secured at sufficiently close intervals to keep the pipes in
alignment and to carry its weight and contents.
Stacks shall supported at their base.
CAST IRON SOIL PIPE Bell & spigot and hubless pipe shall be
supported at every storey or closer
SCREWED PIPE Iron Pipe Size (IPS) shall be supported .
110 mm
15 METERS
3000 mm
PIPE JOINT
DETAILS
Section 704: FIXTURE CONNECTIONS (EXCRETA DRAINAGE)
Two fixtures set back-to-back, or side-by-side, within the distance allowed between a trap
and its vent, may be served by a single vertical drainage pipe provided that each fixture
wastes separately into an approved double fixture fitting, such as double sanitary tee or
double wye and 1/8 bend having inlet openings at the same level. (Sec. 704.2)
705.1 Changes in direction of drainage piping shall be made by the appropriate use of approved
fittings and shall be of the angles presented by a 22-1/2⁰ or 1/16 bend, 45⁰ or 1/8 bend, and 60⁰
or 1/6 bend, or other approved fittings of equivalent sweeps.
705.2 Horizontal drainage lines, connecting with a vertical stack, shall enter through 45 or 60
degree wye branches, combination wye and 1/8 bend branches, sanitary tee or sanitary tapped
tee branches, or other approved fittings of equivalent sweep. No fitting having more than one (1)
inlet at the same level shall be used unless such fitting is constructed so that the discharge from
one (1) inlet cannot readily enter any other inlet. Double sanitary tees may be used when the
barrel of the fitting is at least two (2) pipe sizes larger than the largest inlet, (pipe sizes recognized
for this purpose are 51, 64, 76, 89, 102, 114, 127, 152 mm, etc.)
705.3 Horizontal drainage lines connecting with other horizontal drainage lines shall enter through
45 degree wye branches, combination wye and 1/8 bend branches or other approved fittings of
equivalent sweep.
704.4 Vertical drainage lines connecting with horizontal drainage lines shall enter through forty-
five (45) degree branches or other approved fittings of equivalent sweep. Sixty (60) degree
branches or offsets may be used only when installed in a true vertical position.
706.1 Each horizontal drainage pipe shall be provided with a cleanout at its upper terminal and each run of piping,
which is more than 15 meters in total developed length shall be provided with a cleanout and at every 15 meter
length or a fraction thereof.
Exceptions:
706.1.1 Cleanouts may be omitted on a horizontal drain line less than 1.50 meter in length unless such line is serving
sinks or urinals.
706.1.2 Cleanouts may be omitted on any horizontal drainage pipe installed on a slope of seventy-two (72) degrees )
or less from the vertical angle (or an angle of 1/5 bend), and
706.1.3 An approved type of two-way cleanout fitting, installed inside the building wall near the connection
between the building drain and building sewer or installed outside of a building at the lower end of a building drain
and extended to grade, may be substituted for an upper terminal cleanout.
706.2 An additional cleanout shall be provided in a drainage line for each aggregate horizontal change of direction
exceeding one hundred and thirty-five (135) degrees .
706.3Each cleanout shall be installed so that it opens to allow cleaning in the direction of flow of the soil or waste or
at right angles thereto and, except in the case of wye branch and end-of-line cleanouts, shall be installed vertically
above the flow line of the pipe.
706.4 Each cleanout extension shall be considered as drainage piping and each ninety (90) degree cleanout
extension shall be extended from a wye type fitting or other approved fitting of equivalent sweep.
Each fixture trap shall have a protecting vent so located that the developed
length of the trap arm from the trap weir to the inner edge of the vent shall be
within the prescribed distance, but in no case less than two times the diameter
of the trap arm.
TRAP ARM DISTANCE TO VENT
DIAMETER (Except for Water Closets and similar
fixtures)
• A grease trap is not required for individual dwelling units or for any private living
quarters.
Each plumbing fixture or piece of equipment connected to a grease trap shall be provided
with an approved type Flow Control or restricting device installed in a readily accessible
and visible location in the tailpiece or drain outlet of each such fixture.
Flow control Devices shall be so designed that the flow through such device or devices
shall at no time be greater than the rated capacity of the grease trap.
1 76 18
2 95 23
3 132 32
4 189 45
Grease Trap:
UNDER – COUNTER GREASE
TRAP
GREASE TRAP
BACKWATER VALVE
SEWAGE
EJECTOR
BASEMENT DRAINAGE
Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER
SIZING OF THE DRAINAGE
PIPINGS
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT (DFU)
METHOD
Section 702: FIXTURE UNIT EQUIVALENT
The Fixture Unit (F.U.) rating of plumbing fixtures shall MAXIMUM TRAP LOADINGS
be based on the size of the trap required. PIPE DFU VALUE
FIXTURE TRAP DFU SIZE
SIZE VALUE 32mm 1
BATHTUB 38mm 2
38mm 3
BIDET 38mm 2
DRINKING FOUNTAIN 31mm 1 51mm 4
The minimum sizes of vertical and/or horizontal drainage piping shall be determined from the total of all fixture units
connected thereto, and additionally, in the case of vertical drainage pipes, in accordance with their height or length.