CASE STUDIES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING ASPECT &

PLANNING, DESIGNING AND ESTIMATION OF G+1

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

MINI PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

NAVEEN KUMAR V (2001027)

VIKASH V (2001047)

DHIVAKAR B (71762101206)

GUNASEELAN K (71762101208)

in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING

COIMBATORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

COIMBATORE - 641014

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

 MAY 2023

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this mini project report “PLANNING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF RESIDENTIAL
BUILDING” is the bonafide work of NAVEEN KUMAR V (2001027), VIKASH V (2001047),
DHIVAKAR B (71762101206), GUNASEELAN K (71762101208), who carried out the mini project work
under my supervision.

Dr.V.G.Srisanthi, M.E.,Ph.D., Mr.S.Karthik Kumar, M.E.,

Professor and Head of the Department, Assistant Professor,

Department of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering,

Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore Institute of Technology,

Coimbatore - 14 Coimbatore – 14

Certified that the candidate was examined by us in the Mini Project work (19CE66) viva voce examination
held on ______________________.
Internal Examiner External Examiner
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to thank our beloved Correspondent

Mr.S.RAJIVRANGASAMI, M.Sc., M.B.A.,

We wish to extend our heartiest thanks to our beloved Principal

Dr.A.RAJESWARI, M.E.,Ph.D., for the facilities made available for the
progress and completion of Mini Project.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to Dr.V.G.SRISANTHI,

M.E.,Ph.D., Professor, and Head of the Department of Civil Engineering, for
the encouragement and effective suggestions in the completion of Mini Project

We, would like to thank our Coordinator, Dr.M.P.MUTHURAJ,M.E.,Ph.D.,

Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering for their guidance,
supervision, support and encouragement for the successful completion of Mini
Project

We acknowledge the spirited guidance and unstinted help we received from our
guide Mr.S.KARTHIK KUMAR, M.E., Assistant Professor, Department of
Civil Engineering. We thank him for never failing assistance valuable
suggestions to the completion of Mini Project

I thank all the Teaching faculties of Department of Civil Engineering, my

Parents, Friends and all those who have helped both directly and indirectly
towards the successful completion of Mini Project.

I
 ABSTRACT

In PHASE-I of this project we performed the case study of various buildings in

construction phase by visiting various sites. We were able to gather knowledge,
understand practical situations at the site while executing the plan, got exposed
to field work and observed the stages of construction.

In PHASE-II, we have planned to undertake the Planning, designing and cost

estimation of the building by adopting the regulations of code reference

SP 7 and the building design is carried out as load bearing structure. It is

provided with R.C.C roof slab supported on masonry wall. The structure will be
designed with reference to IS 456 -2000 and SP 20. We are intended to design
slabs, lintel beams, Stair case and wall foundations along with reinforcement
details and to be drawn using AUTOCAD software. Also, one or two columns
to be designed if needed. The detailed and the abstract estimations of the
proposed building have been obtained and the total expenditure that would
anticipate in the project has been arrived.

Electrical, plumbing layouts will be prepared. We are also intended to estimate

the cost for all the materials and labour charges. Imposed and Dead loads are
only considered for design excluding the earth quake and wind loads.

II
TABLE OF CONTENTS

III
1. PHASE I

1.1 INTRODUCTION:

In Phase 1 of this project, a detailed case study of the buildings has been analysed by visiting
various sites. This detailed case study involves various structural components, different
stages of construction workmanship of labourers as a part of practical education. In this Phase
1, the different works observed at site, their details, calculations and architectural line plans
are included. Sequence of Construction

➢ Excavation

➢ Foundation

➢ Column

➢ Plinth Beam

➢ Beam

➢ Slab

➢ Staircase

➢ Sill Level Construction

➢ Lintel

➢ Brick work

➢ Plastering

1
1.2 PLANING STUDY

LOCATION: ONDIPUDUR

SITE PLAN

• TOTAL AREA : 4690sq

• BUILDUP AREA : 3245sq

• COST OF CONSTRUCTION : INR 78,00,000

• SETBACK AREA : 1445sqft

• BUILDING TYPE : G+2 residential building

• PLOT FACING : North

• BUILDING FACING : East C

FIG 1.2.1 SITE LOCATION

2
 1.2.1 DRAWING OF SITE PLAN:

FIG 1.2.1.1 SITE PLAN

1.2.2 MARKING

i) Marking refers to the process of placing markers or surveying monuments on a

construction site to indicate specific locations and elevations.

ii) The purpose of marking is to provide a reference for construction crews and ensure that
the building or infrastructure project is constructed in the correct location and at the correct
elevation.

3
 5 ft
6 inches 5 ft

FIG 1.2.2.1 MARKING ACTIVITY

1.3 FOUNDATION STUDY:

LOCATION OF THE SITE: SARAVANAMPATTI, COIMBATORE

4
 Foundation is a part of a structural system that supports and anchors the
superstructure of a building and transmits its load directly to the earth. The foundation for
each structure is designed such that:

i) The underlying soil below the foundation structure does not undergo shear failure.

ii) The settlement caused during the first service load or have to be within the limit

iii) Allowable bearing pressure can be defined as the pressure the soil can withstand without
failure.

Foundations are provided for all load carrying structure for following purposes:

i) Foundations are the main reason behind the stability of any structure. The stronger is the
foundation, more stable is the structure.

ii) The proper design and construction of foundations provide a proper surface for the
development of the substructure in a proper level and over a firm bed.

iii) Specially designed foundation helps in avoiding the lateral movements of the supporting
material.

iv) A proper foundation distributes load on to the surface of the bed uniformly. This uniform
transfer helps in avoiding unequal settlement of the building. Differential settlement is an
undesirable building effect.

v) The foundation serves the purpose of completely distributing the load from the structure
over a large base area and then to the soil underneath. This load transferred to the soil should
be within the allowable bearing capacity of the soil.

1.3.1 DETAILS OF SOIL:

TYPE OF SOIL: Loamy soil

5
SOIL BEARING CAPACITY IS FOUND OUT USING: Plate load test method.

1.3.2 TYPE OF FOUNDATION: Isolated foundation

The type of foundation is selected not only for it a residential building. But also for various
reasons, such that,
i) Isolated footing is economical.
ii) It is used when the soil bearing capacity is high.
iii) It is suitable when the loads on footing are less.
iv) It is also very suitable if the columns of a building are not close space.

1.3.3 FOOTING DETAILS:

• TYPE OF FOOTING : Isolated Column Footing

• FILLING OF M SAND : 102mm

• FILLING OF PCC : 102mm

• GRADE OF CONCRETE: M25

• CONCRETE MIX RATIO: 1:2:2

1.3.4 ISOLATED COLUMN FOOTING:

An isolated footing, also known as pad footing, is a type of foundation that is used
to support a single column, pillar or post. It consists of a concrete pad that is typically
rectangular or square in shape, which is placed at the base of the column and sits on top of the
soil.

The purpose of an isolated footing is to distribute the load from the column or post
evenly across the soil, which helps to prevent settlement and ensures that the structure is
stable. The size and thickness of the footing is designed based on the load that it will bear and
the strength of the soil, which is determined through geotechnical testing.

6
 FIG 1.3.4.1 MEASURING THE DEPTH OF FOUNDATION

1.3 STRUCTURAL STUDY:

1.3.1 COLUMN

A column is a vertical structural element that is used to support loads and transfer
them to the foundation. It is a compression member that is typically made of reinforced
concrete, steel, or a combination of both materials.

The construction and installation of columns must be done in accordance with

relevant building codes and standards, and regular maintenance and inspections are necessary
to ensure their continued safety and stability.

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 FIG 1.3.1.1 COLUMN MOULD

1.3.1.1 REINFORCEMENT DETAILS:

i) Type of bars (stirrup) = 8 mm diameter bars

ii) Cover = 1 inch (25.4mm)
iii) Smaller Stirrup = 10 inches X 6 inches
iv) Larger Stirrup = 10 inches X 16 inches
v) Type of bars (reinforcement) = 12 mm diameter bars
vi) Column dimension (including cover) = 1 ft X 1 ft 6 inches

FIG 1.3.2.1 DIMENSIONS OF COLUMN AND TIES

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 FIG 1.3.2.2 COLUMN CONCRETING

1.3.2 BEAM:

A beam is a horizontal or inclined structural element that is designed to support

loads and transfer them to the columns or walls in a building or structure.

Beams are designed to resist bending and shear forces, which are caused by the
weight of the loads they support and any lateral forces, such as wind or earthquake loads, that
the structure is subjected to.

FIG 1.3.3.1 DIMENSIONS OF BEAM

1.3.2.1 REINFORCEMENT DETAILS:

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 i) Width of beam : 300mm
ii) Depth of beam : 430mm
iii) Clear cover : 50mm
iv) Grade of steel : Fe 500
v) Grade of concrete : M20
vi) Diameter of the bar : 16 mm
vii) No. of bars provided: 6
viii) Stirrup spacing : 150 mm
ix) Diameter of Stirrup :8mm
x) Span : 3600mm

1.3.3 LINTEL:

A lintel beam in civil engineering refers to a horizontal beam that spans an

opening, such as a door or window, in a building or other structure. The purpose of a lintel
beam is to support the weight of the structure above the opening and transfer it to the vertical
supports or pillars on either side of the opening.

FIG 1.3.3.1 LINTEL LEVEL OF THE BUILDING

1.3.4 SILL:

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 LOCATION: MBA Block, CIT College

Sill level is the horizontal level at the bottom of a window or door opening, where the
window or door frame sits. It is also referred to as the window sill height or door sill height.

The sill level is an important factor in the design of a building, as it affects the amount of
natural light and ventilation that enters a room.

FIG 1.3.4.1 SILL LEVEL OF THE BUILDING

1.3.5 SLAB:

i) Slab is a flat, horizontal structural element used to provide a stable surface for floors, roofs,
or pavements.

ii) Slabs are an important element of construction, providing a sturdy and stable surface for
floors, roofs, and pavements while also helping to distribute loads and provide structural
stability.

11
1.3.5.1 TYPES OF SLAB:

One way slab

Two-way slab

1.3.5.1.1 ONE WAY SLAB:

A one-way slab is a type of reinforced concrete slab that is designed to span in one
direction, usually in the shorter span between columns or supports. The reinforcement in a
one-way slab is placed in the direction perpendicular to the span to resist the tensile forces
generated due to bending. The ratio of longer span (l) to shorter span (b) is equal or greater
than 2, considered as One way slab because this slab will bend in one direction i.e) in the
direction along its shorter span.

1.3.5.1.2 TWO WAY SLAB:

A two-way slab is a type of reinforced concrete slab that is supported

by beams on all four sides and is designed to carry loads in both directions. It is called "two-
way" because the loads are distributed in two directions, perpendicular to each other. In two-
way slab, the ratio of longer span (l) to shorter span (b) is less than 2.

12
 FIG 1.3.5.1 SLAB DIMENSIONS

1.3.5.2 REINFORCEMENT DETAILS:

TYPES OF SLAB : Two way slab

Ly/Lx = 6000/5200

= 1.15 < 2

The slab is designed as a Two-way Slab

DIMENSIONS OF THE SLAB

SHORTER SPAN : 5200 mm

LONGER SPAN : 6000mm

THICKNESS OF SLAB : 200 mm

HEIGHT OF THE SLAB

FROM GROUND LEVEL : 3600 mm

FROM FLOOR TO FLOOR : 2140 mm

CONCRETE GRADE : M20

DIAMETER OF THE BAR
LONGITUDINAL : 12mm @ 120mm c/c

13
 FIG 1.3.5.2 SLAB, BEAM & COLUMN REINFORCEMENT DETAILS

1.3.5 STAIRCASE:

A staircase is a series of steps or treads arranged in a continuous and usually

ascending order, designed to provide a means of vertical transportation between different
levels of a building or structure. It may be straight end, bifurcated, doglegged staircase etc.,

1.3.5.1 Reinforcement Details:

Rise = 6 inches

Tread = 11 inches

Waist slab thickness = 3 inches

Main Bar = 16 mmm dia bars

Distribution Bar = 12mm dia bars

14
15
 FIG 1.3.5.1 STAIRCASE

1.3.6 BRICKWORK:

Brick masonry refers to the construction of structures using bricks, which are
rectangular blocks made of fired clay or other materials such as concrete. Brick masonry
involves laying the bricks in a pattern using mortar to hold them together and create a strong,
durable structure. This technique is commonly used in the construction of walls, buildings,
chimneys, and other structures. The quality and strength of brick masonry depend on the
selection of suitable bricks, proper laying techniques, and the quality of the mortar used.

1.3.6.1 DETAILS:

Main wall thickness : 230mm

Partition wall thickness: 90mm
Height of wall : 3154 mm
Bond type : English Bond
Materials used : Red burnt clay bricks
Dimensions : 230 mmx110mmx70mm
Mortar thickness: 2.5cm

1.3.6.2 BURNT CLAY BRICKS:

Burnt clay bricks are a type of building material made by

molding clay into rectangular shapes and then firing them in a kiln at high
temperatures. The firing process causes the clay to harden and chemically change,
resulting in a strong and durable material that can be used in a variety of construction
applications.

The clay used to make burnt clay bricks can vary in composition, which
affects the color, texture, and strength of the final product. After being molded, the
bricks are typically dried in the sun or a drying chamber before being fired in a kiln at
temperatures ranging from 900 to 1200 degrees Celsius.

16
 FIG 1.3.6.2.1 BRICK MASONRY

1.3.7 SHUTTERING AND CENTRING:

1.3.7.1 SHUTTERING:

The process of creating temporary molds or formwork using wood or

other materials to hold concrete or other construction materials in place while they set
and harden.

1.3.7.2 CENTRING:

The process of creating a temporary framework or support structure

to hold the shuttering in place while concrete or other materials are poured or applied,
ensuring that they are built to the correct size, shape, and strength.

17
 FIG 1.3.7.1 SHUTTERING AND CENTRING

1.3.8 CURING:
Curing is the process of allowing freshly placed concrete or other building
materials to harden and gain strength over time by maintaining appropriate temperature,
humidity, and moisture levels.

1.3.8.1 PURPOSE OF CURING:

The purpose of curing is to ensure that the material develops the desired properties,
such as durability and resistance to cracking and shrinkage, which are necessary for it to
perform as intended in its application.

18
 FIG 1.3.8.1 CURING (SLABS)

1.3.9 PLASTERING:

Plastering is the process of applying a thin layer of cement, gypsum, lime, or other materials
to the interior or exterior walls and ceilings of a building, to provide a smooth, even surface.
Mix Proportion: 1:4 (Cement : P-Sand)

1.3.9.1 PLASTERING MESH:

In plastering works, chicken wire mesh is often used as a reinforcement layer between the
base surface and the plaster. The wire mesh is attached to the surface using nails or staples,
and then covered with a layer of plaster or stucco to create a smooth and even finish. The use
of chicken wire mesh in plastering helps to provide added strength and stability to the
surface, preventing cracking and ensuring a more durable and long-lasting finish. It is
especially useful when working with uneven or irregular surfaces, as the wire mesh can
conform to the shape of the surface, creating a more even and consistent base for the plaster
to adhere to.

19
FIG 1.3.9.1 PLASTERING PROCESS

20
1.4 IRRIGATION STUDY:

Irrigation study involves the examination and analysis of irrigation

practices, techniques, and systems in order to understand and improve the management of
water resources for agricultural, horticultural, and environmental purposes. It encompasses
various aspects, including water availability, irrigation methods, water distribution, and the
impact of irrigation on crops, soils, and ecosystems.

FIG 1.4.1 8-INCH PIPE USED IN DRIP IRRIGATION

1.4.1 DRIP IRRIGATION:

Drip irrigation is an efficient method of watering plants by delivering

water directly to the roots through a network of tubes or pipes with small emitters or drippers.
Unlike traditional irrigation methods that spray water over a wide area, drip irrigation

21
systems provide water precisely and in controlled amounts to the plant's root zone.

In a drip irrigation system, water is distributed slowly and uniformly near the plant's base,
allowing it to be absorbed directly into the soil without excessive evaporation or runoff. This
targeted delivery of water reduces water waste and promotes efficient water usage, making it
a sustainable irrigation technique.

The system consists of several components, including a water source, main supply line,
lateral lines, and emitters or drippers. The main supply line is connected to the water source
and carries water to the lateral lines, which are positioned along the rows of plants. Emitters
or drippers are attached to the lateral lines and release water at a slow and steady rate,
ensuring a constant and controlled flow of water to each plant.

1.4.1.1 ADVANTAGES OF DRIP IRRIGATION:

• Water Conservation
• Improved Plant Growth
• Reduced Weed Growth
• Reduced Soil Erosion
• Reduced Labor and Energy Costs

1.4.1.2 DISADVANTAGES OF DRIP IRRIGATION:

• Higher Upfront Cost

• Clogging
• Technical Knowledge
• Limited Water Flow
• Susceptible to Damage

22
1.5 TRAFFIC STUDY:

A traffic study involves the analysis and evaluation of various

aspects related to traffic flow, patterns, and behaviour in a specific area or along a particular
roadway. It provides valuable information for transportation planners, engineers, and
policymakers to understand and manage traffic conditions effectively.

Intersection analysis is a crucial component of a traffic study. Intersections

often experience high traffic volumes and can be prone to congestion and accidents. By
evaluating factors such as traffic signal timings, turning movements, queuing lengths, and
safety considerations, traffic engineers can identify improvements to optimize intersection
operations and enhance safety for all road users.

We have chosen SITRA signal near airport road with four intersections as our site
for traffic study. It has a huge traffic, and we analysed the vehicles such as two-wheelers, car,
buses, truck. Each one among the team analysed each vehicle, with the help of the data we’ve
calculated the PCU for each type of vehicle.

23
 FIG 1.5.1 SITRA SIGNAL AT EVENING 7PM

FIG 1.5.2 FOUR-WAY SITRA SIGNAL ROAD

1.5.1 TRAFFIC INTERSECTION STUDY:

PLACE : SITRA 4-Way Road Crossing

NEARBY LOCATION : Coimbatore International Airport

TIME : 4:00 PM TO 5:00 PM

DATE : 30.10.2022

PEAK HOURS : 8:00 AM TO 10:00 AM

4:00 PM TO 6:00 PM

ROAD TYPE : Two–way 6 - Lane Road (Arterial Road)

High Traffic Flow = Avinashi Road

Width of the Avinashi Road = 30 metres

24
Length of Avinashi Road = 16 KMs

TABLE 1.5.1 SIGNAL TIMINGS

FIG 1.5.1.1 LAYOUT OF SIGNALS

25
1.5.2 ROAD MARKING:

FIG 1.5.2.1 ROAD MARKING

1.5.3 LAYERS OF ROAD OBSERVATION:

2. Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) as the base course – As per MORTH (Ministry of
Road Transport and Highways) Revision 5, 100% roller compaction should be
done.

3. Granular Sub –Base (GSB) – This layer consists of big-sized coarse aggregates
in high proportion – As per MORTH (Ministry of Road Transport and
Highways) Revision 5, 98% roller compaction should be done.

4. Subgrade – 500 mm below the sub-base – As per MORTH (Ministry Of Road

Transport and Highways) Revision 5, 98% roller compaction should be done.

26
 FIG 1.5.3.1 LAYERS OF ROAD OBSERVATION

1.5.4 PASSENGER CAR UNIT (PCU):

Passenger Car Unit (PCU) is a relative weightage factor given to the traffic volume
of individual vehicle category to deal with the heterogeneity in a mixed traffic situation.

Car = 1.0

2-Wheeler = 0.5 Car

Bus = 2.0 Car

Tempo = 1.5 Car

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 Auto = 0.75 Car

Lorry = 3.0 Car

1.6 PLUMBING STUDY:

Plumbing study is a process of analysing the design, installation,

and maintenance of plumbing systems, which include pipes, fixtures, and fittings that are
used to convey water, gas, and waste materials within a building or structure. Plumbing
studies may involve examining the layout and function of existing plumbing systems,
evaluating the performance of different materials and components, and developing solutions
to improve efficiency, reduce waste, and prevent leaks and other plumbing-related problems.

Type of pump: Centrifugal Pumps

Motor capacity = 1.5 HP
PVC pipes (poly vinyl chloride) are used for water supply.
Working pressure: 20 kg/sq cm.

1.6.1 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS:

A centrifugal pump is a mechanical device that uses centrifugal force to

transfer fluids, such as water or chemicals, from one location to another. It consists of a
rotating impeller that draws in fluid through the centre and flings it outwards using curved

28
blades, creating a pressure differential that moves the fluid through the pump and into a
discharge pipe.

FIG 1.6.1.1 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

TABLE 1.6.1 TYPES OF PIPES IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

1.6.2 MOTOR:

An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into

mechanical energy. Electric motors can be powered by direct current (DC) sources, such as
from batteries, motor vehicles or rectifiers, or by alternating current (AC) sources, such as a
power grid, inverters or electrical generators.

1.6.2.1 COMPONENTS OF MOTOR:

Rotor

Bearings

Stator

Air Gap

29
 Windings

1.6.3 PUMP:

Pumps are mechanical devices used to move fluids, such as

liquids, gases, or slurries, from one place to another. They work by creating a pressure
differential that causes the fluid to flow through a system of pipes or channels. Pumps come
in a variety of types and designs, including centrifugal pumps, positive displacement pumps,
and jet pumps, and are used in a wide range of applications, such as water supply, irrigation,
wastewater treatment, oil and gas production, and chemical processing.

1.6.3.1 COMPONENTS OF PUMP:

Casing

Shaft

Impeller

Suction head

Discharge head

1.6.4 COMPRESSOR:

A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by

reducing its volume. Compressor are similar to pumps they both increases the pressure on a
fluid and both can transport the fluid through a pipe.

1.6.4.1 COMPONENTS OF A COMPRESSER:

Compressor
Air cooler

30
 Air receiver tank
Filter
Dryer
Condensate trap
Distribution system.

1.6.4.2 TYPES OF COMPRESSOR:

Positive displacement compressors

Reciprocating compressors
Rotary screw compressor

FIG 1.6.4.2.1 AIR COMPRESSOR USED IN FARM

1.6.5 PIPES AND FIXTURES:

Water drain PVC pipes are a type of plumbing pipes used for the
purpose of draining wastewater from sinks, toilets, showers, and other fixtures in a building.

31
They are made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a durable and corrosion-resistant material.
The pipes are designed with a smooth inner surface to facilitate the flow of water and waste.

In buildings, sprinkler pipes refer to the pipes used in fire sprinkler

systems. These systems are an important part of fire protection and are designed to quickly
and effectively control or extinguish fires in case of an emergency.

FIG 1.6.5.1 WATER DRAIN PVC PIPES AND SPRINKLER

Pillar Cock - The pillar cock consists of a spout through which the water flows and a single
handle or knob that allows the user to control the water flow and temperature.

Bib Cock - A bib cock usually consists of a threaded outlet or spout that can be connected to
a hose or other attachments.

Grating - Shower drain cover that helps to prevent large objects, debris, or hair from entering
the drain system while allowing water to flow through.

32
 PILLAR COCK LONG BODY BIB COCK

FIG 1.6.5.2 PLUMBING FIXTURES

1.6.6 SUMP:

A sump is a low space that collects liquids. It is also referred to as an infiltration

basin used to manage surface runoff water. The most common location of all sumps is the
lowest point in a basement or crawl space, into which flows water that seeps or is piped in
from the outside.

Concrete sumps are the most preferred material for constructing a sump. This will
act as the best underground tank and you will not have to worry about water seepage and
contamination of water from underground or sewage.

1.6.6.1 Reinforcement Details:

Manhole Size = 600 mm X 600 mm

Sump Pit Size = 4160mm X 1800 mm X 1860 mm (Height)

33
 FIG 1.6.6.1 SUMP

1.7 ELECTRICAL STUDY:

Electrical study involves the analysis and application of electrical principles to design, install,
and maintain electrical systems and equipment. It encompasses a range of topics including
circuits, motors, generators, transformers, and power distribution.

1.7.1 MATERIALS USED:

• Electrical box
• Electrical connectors
• Circuit breakers
• Electrical wire and cable

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1.8 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY:

Environmental study involves the assessment and management of the

impact of civil engineering projects on the natural and built environment. This
includes the study of air and water quality, soil contamination, noise and vibration,
habitat destruction, and other environmental factors.

1.8.1 SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT:

LOCATION: STP at COIMBATORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

FIG 1.8.1.1 STP LAYOUT

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1.8.1.1 CAPACITY OF TANKS:

COLLECTION TANK(1HP) 1,15,000Lr

AERATION TANK (5HP) -1,45,000Lr

CLARIFIED WATER TANK (1HP) 44,350Lr

SECONDARY CLARIFIER 25973 Lr

WATER TANK

80,000Lr
OUTLET TANK

TABLE 1.8.1.1 CAPACITY OF TANKS

1.8.1.2 SCREENING:

The process of removal of objects such as rags, papers, plastics etc., to

damage and clogging of downstream equipment. The screening process typically involves the
use of mechanical devices called screens, which are designed to trap and separate solid
materials from the wastewater. These screens consist of a series of bars, grids, or perforated
plates with openings of varying sizes. The wastewater flows through these screens, and the
solid objects larger than the screen openings are retained while the liquid passes through.

TYPE OF SCREEN USED: Bar Screens (coarse screen) and fine screen

1.8.1.3 GRIT CHAMBER:

It is a preliminary process where water flows slowly through the grit chamber to
settle down the grit particles like sand, eggshells, etc…, The grit chamber is typically a large,
rectangular or circular tank that slows down the velocity of the sewage, allowing heavier

36
particles to settle to the bottom. The settled grit is then removed using mechanical devices
such as scrapers or suction pumps, and is sent to a disposal facility. The purpose of the grit
chamber is to protect downstream treatment processes from abrasion and damage caused by
these heavy materials, which can reduce the effectiveness and lifespan of treatment
equipment.

1.8.1.4 EQUALISATION TANK:

An equalization tank in a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) is a

holding tank that is used to temporarily store incoming wastewater or sewage and balance out
fluctuations in flow rate and composition. The tank typically receives sewage from the
collection system and may include features such as pumps, mixers, and monitoring systems
to ensure that the contents are properly mixed and prepared for downstream treatment
processes. The purpose of the equalization tank is to provide a buffer for the sewage,
allowing it to be processed at a controlled rate and ensuring that downstream treatment
processes are not overwhelmed by sudden surges in flow or changes in composition.

CAPACITY: 1,15,000 Litres (1HP)

1.8.1.5 AERATION TANK:

Primary treatment ends and secondary treatment starts from this step where the water is taken
from the collection tank to the aeration tank through the raw water pumps. In this process the
air is blown into to the water for the growth of bacteria which in turn feed on the organic
material to reduce the cod and bod level. Urea, cow dung, bio-Oxymass power are added to
the aeration tank.

CAPACITY: 1,45,000 Litres (5HP)

37
 FIG 1.8.1.5.1 AERATION TANK

1.8.1.6 CLARIFIER TANK AND SLUDGE DRY BED:

The treated water from the aeration tank is taken to the clarifier for removing the flocks
formed during the aeration process and the wastes get settled down and the settled wastes are
taken to the sludge dry bed and the water alone is taken to the clarified water tank.

CAPACITY OF CLARIFIER: 44,350 Litres (1HP)

1.8.1.7 PRESSURE SAND FILTER:

The effluents obtained from the secondary treatment contains

suspended solids of size 0.1 to 100 μm which is in a concentration range of 20 to 40 mg/l. To
remove this, the water is passed through the PSF with help of alum and hypo dosing pump
containing a multiple layer of sand with a variety of sizes in it and specific gravity. This filter
is used to remove the suspended particles and turbidity in water with minimum pressure drop.

38
 FIG 1.8.1.7.1 PRESSURE SAND FILTER

1.8.1.8 ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER

The ACF is used for removal of the dissolved solids. The ACF is highly porous and provides
large surface area for absorption of dissolved solids which may include organic materials
(herbicides, pesticides, lignin’s and other colour and odour producing substances), inorganic
materials (toxic trace metals) and severe other pollutants.

FIG 1.8.1.8.1 ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER

1.8.1.8 ULTRA VIOLET LAMP:

i) The ultra violet lamp is used to remove the disease-causing micro-organisms.

1.8.1.9 TREATED WATER TANK:

i) The treated water is then transferred to the treated water tank and after the analysis of
contamination level the treated water is used for the garden purposes.

39
ii) Sodium hypo chloride is added to the treated water to prevent the infection to the garden
workers. For a month, 10 litres of this solution added with 20 litres of water is used.

iii) CAPACITY – 80000 LITRES (5HP)

FIG 1.8.1.9.1 TREATED WATER TANK

1.8.1.10 EFFICIENCY:

The modern sewage plants are operated more rapidly at higher rates
with very short detention periods. This is a high rate activated sludge plant which can
produce sufficiently good quality of effluent

Removes 70 to 80% of suspended solids

Removes 80 to 85% of BOD in sewage

1.9 CONCLUSION:

40
 In this Phase 1 of our mini-project we have visited many sites regarding planning,
plumbing, traffic, foundation, irrigation and electrical studies. In summary, we have gained
knowledge about how it equips professionals with the necessary expertise to plan, design, and
implement infrastructure projects effectively. This interdisciplinary approach ensures the
integration of key components and promotes sustainable, safe, and efficient development.

2. PHASE – II

2.1 INTRODUCTION:

For the completed Phase 2 of our mini-project, the entire planning of

the residential building was done considering the orientation of light. Each specific
directional plan followed guidance from IS 456-2000, SP 20, IS 875 Part I & II. Among the
selected plans, a North facing orientation allows for maximum utilization of natural light
throughout the day. The main living areas such as the living room, dining room, and
bedrooms can benefit from ample sunlight, creating a bright and comfortable living
environment. We have prepared the Architectural, Plumbing, and Electrical layouts for this
North facing plan.

2.2 PLANNING OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING:

2.2.1 BUILDING PLAN WITH JOINERY DETAILS

2.2.1.1 NORTH FACING PLAN:

According to Orientation of light, a house with its main entrance facing northwards is known
as a north-facing house. Governed by Kuber, the god of wealth, the north direction is
considered extremely auspicious for residential properties. A North facing plan is believed to
attract prosperity and positive energy into the home. Additionally, the North direction is
associated with the element of water, which is considered beneficial for overall well-being.
As per Vastu Shastra, choosing a North facing plan is believed to bring harmony, good
fortune, and spiritual well-being to the residents of the house.

41
42
FIG 2.2.1.1.1 GROUND FLOOR

43
FIG 2.2.1.1.2 FIRST FLOOR

44
FIG 2.2.1.1.3 TERRACE FLOOR

45
TABLE 2.2.1.1 NORTH FACING PLAN DIMENSIONS

46
2.2.1.2 SOUTH FACING PLAN:

FIG 2.2.1.2.1 GROUND FLOOR

47
FIG 2.2.1.2.2 FIRST FLOOR

48
 TABLE 2.2.1.2 SOUTH FACING PLAN

The main advantage of a south-facing house or garden is the amount of sunlight you'll
enjoy. As the sun rises in the east and sets in the west, the south side of any house will see
the most hours of sunlight during the day – especially in the Northern Hemisphere – so a
south-facing garden takes advantage of this.

2.2.1.3 WEST FACING PLAN:

49
FIG 2.2.1.3.1 GROUND FLOOR

50
FIG 2.2.1.3.1 FIRST FLOOR

51
 TABLE 2.2.1.3 WEST FACING PLAN

The west direction, according to Orientation of Light, represents the element metal or space.
This direction is usually associated with the happiness of the family members. Therefore, it is
auspicious if we place a metal object in the west corner of the house.

52
2.2.1.4 EAST FACING PLAN:

FIG 2.2.1.4.1 GROUND FLOOR

53
FIG 2.2.1.4.2 FIRST FLOOR

54
 TABLE 2.2.1.4 EAST FACING PLAN

East-facing properties are considered auspicious according to Orientation of light. This is

because the Sun rises in the east providing the maximum amount of positive energy crucial
for the success and growth in life.

55
2.2.2 JUSTIFICATION ON ORIENTATION:

i) A North facing plan allows for optimal utilization of natural light throughout the day. With
windows and openings primarily facing the North, it ensures consistent and even distribution
of sunlight, resulting in well-lit living spaces.

ii) By minimizing direct exposure to the harsh afternoon sun, a North facing plan helps
maintain a cooler indoor temperature. This reduces the need for artificial cooling systems and
promotes natural ventilation, enhancing the overall comfort of the residents.

iii) The reduced reliance on artificial cooling systems leads to improved energy efficiency.
With lesser energy consumption, a North facing plan contributes to lower utility bills and a
more sustainable living environment.

iv) North facing roofs are ideal for installing solar panels to harness solar energy. With the
sun's path primarily in the southern hemisphere, the North facing roof receives maximum
sunlight exposure, making it an advantageous position for solar power generation.

v) Placing gardens, patios, or outdoor seating areas on the North side allows residents to
enjoy pleasant outdoor spaces throughout the day without being directly exposed to intense
sunlight.

2.2.3 KEY PLAN

A key plan, also known as a key map or location plan, is a small-

scale map or diagram that provides an overview and context of a larger area or site. It is
commonly used in architectural, urban planning, and engineering drawings to indicate the
location and orientation of a specific plan or drawing within a larger project or area. The
purpose of a key plan is to provide spatial context and assist viewers in understanding the
relationship between the detailed plan or drawing and its location within a larger geographic
context. It allows individuals to visualize the position and extent of the project or area being
depicted, helping them navigate and interpret the information presented in the main drawing
or layout.

56
 FIG 2.2.3.1 KEY PLAN

2.2.4 SITE PLAN:

A site plan is a detailed architectural drawing that exhibits the form, location
and orientation of a building on a site. It generally includes the dimensions, contours,
landscapes and significant features of a piece of land and is also referred to as the plot plan.
The site plan indicates these characteristics for all future developments on a proposed site. A
site plan provides a visual overview of the entire site, including its boundaries, existing
features, proposed developments, and other relevant information.

57
 FIG 2.2.4.1 SITE PLAN

PLOT AREA 1840.63 sq. ft 171 sq.m

PLINTH AREA 1840.63 sq. ft 171 sq.m
CARPET AREA 767.68 sq. ft 71.32 sq.m
CARPET AREA 940.23 sq. ft 87.35 sq.m
FLOOR SPACE INDEX 1.58
SETBACK 24.54 sq.ft 2.28 sq.m

TABLE 2.2.4 DETAILS OF THE PROPOSED BUILDING

TYPE OF THE BUILDING: G+1 BUILDING

FACING OF THE BUILDING: NORTH

58
2.2.5 ELEVATION OF THE PROPOSED BUILDING:

A 2-dimensional representation of a building form as seen from the vertical orthographic

plane. In simple words, a 3d object is represented in a series of 2d drawings as seen from
different vertical planes.

FIG 2.2.5.1 ELEVATION OF PROPOSED BUILDING

2.2.6 CROSS SECTION OF A-A:

FIG 2.2.6.1 C/S OF PROPOSED NORTH FACING PLAN

59
2.2.7 ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT:

Architects are hired by the client and are responsible for gathering all the information and
ideas needed to design a functional space that meets the client’s needs while adhering to
building codes. When a client contacts an architect, a meeting is scheduled to discuss the
project’s requirements and needs. It may take several meetings before both parties are
satisfied with the conceptual design. A single person cannot, however, design an entire
building; architects collaborate with civil and structural engineers to discuss technical issues
and the building’s structural integrity.

FIG 2.2.7.1 ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT – GROUND FLOOR

60
FIG 2.2.7.2 ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT – FIRST FLOOR

61
2.2.8 PLUMBING LAYOUT:

Different typologies of pipes are used for different purposes of supply and drainage systems.

1. Service supply pipes

2. Drain pipes or disposal management pipes

2.2.8.1 SUPPLY PIPES:

The distributing network of pipes that supply water to the plumbing system of the building is
known as supply or service pipes. Further classifications of pipes are listed according to the
material they are made of:

2.2.8.2 COPPER PIPES:

Copper pipes are an ideal solution to water supply where other metals are corroded. They
have high resistance to corrosion with considerable strength and better ductility. They can
bear high pressures for heavy flows in industries too. Copper pipes are available in two
variables, namely: HIGH GAUGE and LIGHT GAUGE. Heavy gauge pipes are used where
inline pressures are high and are from distribution mains. Light gauge pipes are used for
internal distribution for domestic purposes. Copper pipes are quite costly (than any other
products mentioned in the list). In India, we don’t prefer using copper pipes for supply lines

2.2.8.3 GALVANISED IRON PIPES:

Iron Pipes are treated with zinc coating to prevent corrosion, and
this resultant is known as Galvanised Iron Pipes. The grade of G.I. pipes is distinguished
from the level of thickness. G.I. Pipes can be used for the internal plumbing network of water
supply. G.I. Pipes are expensive than PVC pipes. G.I. pipes were used in Olden days in house
piping work but due to the lower cost and better properties, PVC pipes have replaced GI
pipes almost completely. One big advantage for G.I. line is that they can be used for both hot
and cold-water lines. But, rectifying any damage for a G.I. line is very difficult once installed.

62
2.2.8.4 PVC PIPES:
Plastic pipes are majorly used for cold water service networks.
These pipes are high in demand because they are cheap in cost. Plastic pipes are corrosion
resistant and light in weight. These are easy to install and do not require threading
application. PVC pipes as mentioned before cost less than G.I. Pipes and thus has found a
huge application in plumbing work for building construction work. PVC pipes cannot be used
in hot water application. PVC pipe can handle max operating temperatures of up to about 140
degrees Fahrenheit (60 degree centigrade).

2.2.8.5 CPVC PIPE:

CPVC pipes and PVC pipes although look similar from outside, their
chemical / molecular structure is different. Chlorine is added in the manufacturing process of
CPVC.CPVC and PVC pipes are both strong and rigid forms of pipe, and they can be found
in the same pipe and fitting sizes. The only difference is CPVC pipes can handle max
operating temperatures of up to about 200 degrees Fahrenheit (93.33 degree centigrade).
CPVC pipes are usually recommended for hot water lines like solar water line or geyser lines.

SEPTIC TANK (2.5m x 3m x 1.5m) = 11250 litres

SUMP (2.5m x 2.5m x 1.2m) = 7500 litres

OVERHEAD TANK = 1000 litres x 2 (nos.)

RAINWATER HARVESTING - (2.5m x 1.5m x1.2m) = 4500 litres

63
FIG 2.2.8.5.1 PLUMBING LAYOUT – GROUND FLOOR

64
FIG 2.2.8.5.2 PLUMBING LAYOUT – FIRST FLOOR

65
2.2.9 ELECTRICAL LAYOUT:

All materials used for house-wining wires and accessories should be

of good quality, preferably having Bureau of Indian Standard. The number of points in a light
circuit is not to exceed 10. The switch board is to be fitted at a height of 1.5 metres. The
horizontal run of the wiring on walls should be at a height of 3 metres. Use only three pin
sockets. The minimum, size of earth wire is 4 square millimetres for aluminium. The fuse
wire should be connected to the phase wire only. Connect all the switches in the phase wire
only. Power Circuit shall have maximum 2 points.

FIG 2.2.9.1 ELECTRICAL LAYOUT – GROUND FLOOR

66
FIG 2.2.9.2 ELECTRICAL LAYOUT – FIRST FLOOR

67
2.2.10 SLAB:

2.2.10.1 SLAB LAYOUT

2.2.10.1.1 GROUND FLOOR SLAB LAYOUT

FIG 2.2.10.1.1 GROUND FLOOR SLAB LAYOUT

68
2.2.10.1.2 FIRST FLOOR SLAB LAYOUT:

FIG 2.2.10.1.2 FIRST FLOOR SLAB LAYOUT

69
2.2.10.2 DESIGN OF SLAB:

2.2.10.2.1 DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLAB:

FIG 2.2.10.2.1.1 TOP REINFORCEMENT

FIG 2.2.10.2.1.2 PLAN

70
 SLAB 1 - BALCONY SLAB

STEP 1 DETERMINATION OF EFFECTIVE DEPTH

Assume Overall depth (D) of the slab as 130mm

Overall Depth (D) 130 mm
As per Cl. 26.5.2.2, pg.no 48 of IS 456: 2000,
The dia of reinforcing bars shall not exceed one-eighth of the total thickness of the
slab
Diameter of Bar 16.25 mm
Provide Diameter of Bar 12 mm
Provide 20mm clear cover and 12mm diameter bars
Clear Cover 20 mm
Effective depth (d1) 104 mm
Effective depth (d2) 92 mm
Average Effective Depth (d) 98 mm

LONGER SPAN + EFF DEPTH 4.698 m

SHORTER SPAN + EFF DEPTH 2.878 m
Ly/Lx 1.63
It is a Two-way Slab
STEP 2 CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE LENGTH

i) c/c of support 3.01 m

ii) Clear span + Effective depth 2.88 m

STEP 3 LOAD CALCULATION

Assume 1m wide strip 1000 mm

SELF WEIGHT OF SLAB 3.25 KN/m2
As per Table 1 of IS 875 (Part 2), pg.no 7
For Balconies of Residential Buildings,
Live load of Slab 3 KN/m2
Assume Floor Finish as 1KN/m2
Floor Finish 1 KN/m2
Total Service Load 7.25 KN/m2
As per Cl. 36.4.2.1, pg.no 68 of IS 456:2000
Partial safety Factor for Concrete 1.5
Factored Design Load, Wu 10.875 KN/m2

STEP 4 BENDING MOMENT CALCULATION

As per D-1.1, pg.no 90 of IS 456:2000

M x = αx w l x 2
M y = αy w l x 2 71
As per Table 26, pg.no.91 of IS 456:2000
 FIG 2.2.10.2.1.3 BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT

2.2.10.2.1.3 BAR BENDING SCHEDULE:

TABLE 2.2.10 BAR BENDING SCHEDULE – SLAB

72
 2.2.10.2.2 DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLAB:

SLAB 10 – DINING ROOM SLAB

LONGER SPAN 5.8 m

SHORTER SPAN 2.2 m

Ly/Lx 2.64

STEP 1 DETERMINATION OF EFFECTIVE DEPTH

It is a One-Way Slab

As per Cl. 24.1, pg.no 39 of IS 456:2000

For shorter spans, less than 3.5m and live load less than 3KN/m2

Span/Depth 26

Depth 84.62 mm

Assume Overall depth (D) of the slab as 100mm

Overall Depth (D) 130 mm

As per Cl. 26.5.2.2, pg.no 48 of IS 456: 2000,

The dia of bars shall not exceed 1/8th of the total thickness of the slab

Diameter of Bar 16.25 mm

Provide Diameter of Bar 12 mm

Use 15mm clear cover and 12mm diameter bars

Clear Cover 15 mm

Effective depth (d1) 109 mm

Effective depth (d2) 97 mm

Average Effective Depth (d) 103 mm

STEP 2 CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE LENGTH

i) c/c of support 2.43 m

ii) Clear span + Effective depth 2.30 m
73
STEP 3 LOAD CALCULATION
2.2.10.2.2.1 TOP REINFORCEMENT

2.2.10.2.2.2 SECTION ON AB

74
 2.2.10.2.2.3 BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT

2.2.11 DOG-LEGGED STAIRCASE:

TYPE: DOG-LEGGED STAIRCASE

GIVEN DATA

HEADER ROOM SIZE 1.9 x 4.8 m

DISTANCE BETWEEN FLOORS 3
WALL THICKNESS 230 mm
LIVE LOAD 3 KN/m2
fck 20 N/mm2
fy 415 N/mm2
LANDING SLAB WIDTH 1 m

DESIGN PROCEDURE

Riser r 125 mm
No of risers required 24 nos
No of risers per flight 12 nos
No of tread 11 nos
Length of the flight 2530 mm
Length of tread 230 mm
2531m
EFFECTIVE SPAN [leff] G+X+Y m 2.531m
WEIGHT OF EACH STEP 287500 N/step

75
 0.29 KN
SELF WEIGHT OF STEP /m RUN 1.15 KN/m

Let us assume thickness of waist slab 170 mm

Self weight of waist slab 5.26 KN/m

TOTAL LOAD CALCULATION

Self weight of steps 1.15 KN/m

Self weight of waist slab 5.26 KN/m
Live load 3.00 KN/m
Floor finish 1.50 KN/m

TOTAL WORKING LOAD 10.91 KN/m

FACTORED WORKING LOAD Wu 16.37 KN/m

BENDING MOMENT CALCULATION

ULTIMATE BENDING MOMENT Mu Wu X Leff^2 / 8
13.11 KNm
CHECK FOR EFF DEPTH OF WAIST SLAB
Mu = 0.138*fck*b*d^2
d req = root of (Mu / 0.138 * fck*b)
d req 89.50 mm
d eff 150.00 mm

HENCE SAFE
IT IS UNDER-REINFORCED SECTION

AREA CALCULATION

Mu = 0.87*fy*Ast*d (1-Ast*fy / fck*d*b)

ax ^2 +bx+c = 0
Ast1 = 6635.8 6635.80 mm^2
Ast2 = 251.23 251.23 mm^2

MINIMUM AREA OF STEEL

Ast min = 0.12/100*b*D
Ast min 194.31 mm^2

SPACING CALCULATION
Use 10 mm diameter bars 312.46 mm
Let us provide 10 mm diameter bars at 300 mm c/c
spacing

CALCULATION OF DISTRIBUTION STEEL

76
Use 8mm diameter bars 258.56
Let us provide 8mm diameter bars at 250 mm c/c

CHECK OF SHEAR
Ultimate shear force Vu Wu*Leff / 2 52.43 KN
N/
Nominal shear stress Vu/b*d 0.367 mm^2
Ast * 100 /
Percentage of steel bd 0.31 %
N/
Permissible shear stress 0.389 mm^2
N/
Maximum shear stress 2.80 mm^2

maximum shear stress > permissible shear stress > ultimate shear stress
HENCE THE DESIGN IS SAFE

LANDING SLAB DESIGN

TOTAL LOAD CALCULATION

Dead load of landing slab 8.10 KN/m

floor finish 1.00 KN/m
live load 3.00 KN/m
TOTAL LOAD 12.10 KN/m
Ultimate load Wu 18.14 KN/m
Wu * leff
Ultimate bending moment Mu ^2 / 8 14.53 KNm

CHECK FOR Deff

Mu = 0.138*fck*b*d^2
d req = root of (Mu / 0.138 * fck*b)
d req 74.35 mm
hence provided depth is greater than the required depth
HENCE SAFE

CALCULATION OF AREA
Mu = 0.87*fy*Ast*d (1-Ast*fy / fck*d*b)
14.40 * 10^6 = 54157.57 Ast – 7.49 Ast^2
Ast 1 6607.41 mm^2
Ast 2 279.64 mm^2

MINIMUM Ast CALCULATION

Ast min = 0.12/100*b*D
Ast min 171.45 mm^2
Ast pro > Ast min

77
SPACING
Use 12 mm diameter bars 385.03 mm
provide 12mm diameter bars at 300 mm c/c spacing

DISTRIBUTION STEEL
use 6mm diameter bars 157.08 mm
provide 6mm diameter bars at 150mm c/c spacing

CHECK FOR SHEAR

ultimate shear Vu Wu*leff / 2 58.12 KN
N/mm
Nominal shear stress Vu / bd 0.407 ^2
Percentage of steel 100*Ast/bd 0.381 %
referring the table (IS 456:2000)
N/mm
permissible shear stress 0.423 ^2
N/mm
maximum shear stress 2.8 ^2

maximum shear stress > permissible shear stress > ultimate shear stress
HENCE THE DESIGN IS SAFE

78
 2.2.10.1 STAIRCASE REINFORCEMENT DETAILING

TABLE 2.210 BAR BENDING SCHEDULE - STAIRCASE

2.2.11 LINTEL BEAM DESIGN:

GIVEN DATA:
THICKNESS OF THE WALL 230 mm
DEPTH OF LINTEL 0.11 m
LENGTH 1500 mm
SIZE OF LINTEL BEAM 230mm x110 mm
WIDTH OF LINTEL BEAM 230 mm
N/
fy 415 mm2
N/
fck 20 mm2
KN/
DENSITY OF THE WALL 19.2 m3
SOLUTION

EFFECTIVE DEPTH
D-Clearcover-diameter/2 85 mm
EFFECTIVE LENGTH
Leff=widow size+projection 1615 mm
LOAD CALCULATION

79
SELF WEIGHT OF BEAM
B*D*1*25 0.6325 KN/m
MASONRY OVER LINTEL (TRIANGULAR LOAD)
tan60=h/Leff 2.223 m
0.5*Leff*Leff/2*0.23*density of wall 2.88 KN/m
TOTAL LOAD 3.51 KN/m
ULTIMATE LOAD 5.27 KN/m
BENDING MOMENT
B.M DUE TO SELF WEIGHT
WuxLeff2/8 2.29 KNm
B.M DUE TO TRIANGULAR LOAD
WuxLeff/6 1.42 KNm
Total bending moment 3.71 KNm
CHECK FOR DEPTH
FOR 415 Steel
Mulimit = 0.138fckbd2
dreq= SQRT (Mu,limit /( 0.138 fck b)) 76.43 mm
dreq < dprovided
Hence, the section is under-reinforced section
Ast CALCULATION
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d (1- (Ast fy/bd fck))
0.6x10 Ast2-Ast+120.88=0
-4

A 0.00106
B -1
C 120.88

Astreq 142.36 mm2

Ast min
0.85*b*d/fy 40.04 mm2
Astreq>Astmin
NO OF BARS
Using 10mm dia bar
Ast/((π/4)*(D)2) 1.81 nos
Provide #2 of 10mm diameter bar
Ast PROVIDED
(π*D2*no of bars)/4 157.08 mm2
CHECK FOR SHEAR
Ultimate shear force Vu
Vu=(WuxLeff)/2+(Wu/6) 5.13 KN
Nominal shear stress
N/
𝜏v = Vu/b*d 0.26 mm2
Permissible shear stress
%of steel
100*AST /b*d 0.80 %
N/
𝜏c, Table 19, pg.no 73 of IS 456:2000 0.572 mm2

80
 N/
𝜏c(max) ,M20 2.8 mm2
𝜏v <tc<tc (max)
Hence, safe in shear
PROVIDE SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
By using 8 mm dia of 2 legged vertical stirupps
SPACING
1) Sv=(0.87*fy*Asv)/(0.4*b) 190.48 mm
2)Sv=0.75*fy 311.25 mm
3)not greaterthan 300mm 300 mm
Provide 8 mm dia bar of 2 legged vertical stirrups spacing a 90mmc\c
as a shear reinforcement

2.2.12 SUNSHADE DESIGN

CANTILEVER CHAJJA SLAB

GIVEN
Length of projection 0.6 m
Live load 1 KN/m
Floor finish 0.75 KN/m
fck 20 N/mm2
fy 415 N/mm2
SOLUTION
DEPTH OF SLAB
Effective depth of slab
span/7 85.71 mm

81
Let us provide overall depth of slab D 120 mm
D-Clear cover-diameter of bar/2
clear cover = 15mm
diameter of bar = 10mm
Effective depth of slab 100 mm
LOAD CALCULATION
Self weight of slab 3 KN/m
Live load 1 KN/m
Floor finish 0.75 KN/m
Total working load 4.75 KN/m
Ultimate load, Wu
load x partial factor of safety (1.5) 7.125 KN/m
ULTIMATE MOMENT
CALCULATION
Mu = 0.5*Wu*L2 1.28 KNm
CHECK FOR MOMENT,Mu,limit
for Fe 415
Mulimit = 0.138fckbd2 27.6 KNm

Mu <Mu,limit
Therefore, Section is under-reinforced
AST CALCULATION
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d (1- (Ast fy/bd fck))
2.1x10-4Ast2-Ast+35.452=0
A 0.00021
B -1
C 35.452

AST,req 35.72 mm2

AST,min
0.12% Gross Area 144 mm2
AST,req < AST,min
SPACING
Using 10mm dia bar
(π*(D)^2)*b/(4*Ast) 545.14 mm
Provide 10mm diameter bars @300mm c\c
as main reinforcement as well as distribution reinforcement
Ast PROVIDED
(π*(D)^2)*b/(4*Spacing) 261.67 mm2
ANCHORAGE LENGTH
Ld =(0.87*fy*diameterof bar)/(4*tbd) 470.12 mm
2
for M20 Tbd =1.2N/mm
CHECK FOR SHEAR
Ultimate shear force, Vu
Vu = W u x L 4.275 KN

82
Nominal shear stress
𝜏v = Vu /b*d 0.043 N/mm2
Permissible shear stress
% of steel
100*AST /b*d 0.26 %
𝜏c, Table 19, pg.no 73 of IS 456:2000 0.365 N/mm2
𝜏c (max) , M20 2.8 N/mm2
𝜏v < 𝜏c < 𝜏c (max)
Hence, safe in shear
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION
(L/d)max = (L/d)basic * Kt
Kc = K f = 1
Actual deflection
span/effective depth 6 mm
for cantilever slab
As per IS 456:2000 permissible should be 7mm
HENCE SAFE IN DEFLECTION

83
 FIG 2.2.12.1 LINTEL CUM SUNSHADE DETAILING

TABLE 2.2.12 BAR BENDING SCHEDULE – LINTEL AND SUNSHADE

2.2.13 PLINTH BEAM DESIGN:

84
GIVEN DATA:
THICKNESS OF THE WALL 230 mm
DEPTH OF PLINTH 0.45 m
LENGTH 1500 mm
SIZE OF LINTEL BEAM 230mm x110 mm
WIDTH OF PLINTH BEAM 300 mm
fy 415 N/mm2
fck 20 N/mm2
DENSITY OF THE WALL 19.2 KN/m3
SOLUTION

EFFECTIVE DEPTH
D-Clearcover-diameter/2 414 mm
EFFECTIVE LENGTH
Leff=widow size+projection 1615.00 mm
LOAD CALCULATION
SELF WEIGHT OF BEAM
B*D*1*25 2.5875 KN/m
LOAD ABOVE THE BEAM 2.10 KN/m
TOTAL LOAD 4.68 KN/m
ULTIMATE LOAD 7.02 KN/m
BENDING MOMENT
B.M DUE TO SELF WEIGHT
WuxLeff2/8 3.05 KNm
Total bending moment 3.05 KNm
CHECK FOR DEPTH
FOR 415 Steel
Mulimit = 0.138fckbd2
dreq=SQRT(Mu,limit /( 0.138 fck b)) 69.35 mm
dreq < dprovided
Hence, the section is under-reinforced section
Ast CALCULATION
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d (1- (Ast fy/bd fck))
2.18*10^-4Ast2-Ast+20.46=0

Astreq 20.49 mm2

Ast min
0.85*b*d/fy 195.03 mm2
Astreq>Astmin
NO OF BARS
Using 10mm dia bar
Ast/((π/4)*(D)2) 2.48 nos
Provide #4 of 12mm diameter bar
Ast PROVIDED

85
(π*D2*no of bars)/4 157.08 mm2
CHECK FOR SHEAR
Ultimate shear force Vu
Vu=(WuxLeff)/2+(Wu/6) 6.84 KN
Nominal shear stress
𝜏v = Vu/b*d 0.35 N/mm2
Permissible shear stress
%of steel
100*AST /b*d 0.16 %
𝜏c, Table 19, pg.no 73 of IS 456:2000 0.572 N/mm2
𝜏c(max) ,M20 2.8 N/mm2
𝜏v <tc<tc (max)
Hence, safe in shear
PROVIDE SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
By using 10 mm dia of 2 legged vertical stirupps
SPACING
1) Sv=(0.87*fy*Asv)/(0.4*b) 297.63 mm
2)Sv=0.75*fy 311.25 mm
3)not greaterthan 300mm 300 mm
Provide 10 mm dia bar of 2 legged vertical stirrups spacing a 290mmc\c
as a shear reinforcement

FIG 2.2.13.1 CROSS SECTION OF THE PLINTH BEAM

86
 FIG 2.2.13.2 BAR BENDING SCHEDULE - PLINTH BEAM

2.2.14 FOOTING DESIGN:

DESIGN OF R.R. MASONRY

STEP 1
MAXIMUM WIDTH REQUIRED

THICKNESS OF THE WALL 0.23 m

MAXIMUM WIDTH = 2* WIDTH OF WALL + 0.3m 0.76 m

MINIMUM DEPTH REQUIRED

SAFE PERMISSIBLE PRESSURE ON BASE 170 kN/m2

UNIT WEIGHT OF SOIL 18 kN/m2

ASSUMING THE BEARING CAPACITY OF THE SOIL 200 kN/m2

ANGLE OF REPOSE 30
DEPTH REQUIRED = SAFE PERMISSIBLE PRESSURE /UNIT WEIGTH OF
SOIL 0.45 m

WIDTH REQUIRED 0.70 m

PROVIDE A WIDTH OF 0.7 m AND DEPTH OF 0.45 m

STEP 2
MAXIMUM WIDTH REQUIRED

THICKNESS OF THE WALL 0.23 m

87
MAXIMUM WIDTH = 2* WIDTH OF WALL + 0.3m 0.76 m

MINIMUM DEPTH REQUIRED

SAFE PERMISSIBLE PRESSURE ON BASE 175 kN/m2

UNIT WEIGHT OF SOIL 18 kN/m2

ASSUMING THE BEARING CAPACITY OF THE SOIL 200 kN/m2

DEPTH REQUIRED = SAFE PERMISSIBLE PRESSURE /UNIT WEIGTH OF

SOIL 0.45 m

WIDTH REQUIRED 0.50 m

PROVIDE A WIDTH OF 0.5 m AND DEPTH OF 0.45 m

DESIGN OF P.C.C FOOTING

STEP 1 AREA OF FOOTING

AREA OF FOOTING = TOTAL LOAD / SBC

LOAD 270 kN/m2

TOTAL LOAD = LOAD + 10% OF LOAD 300 kN/m2

AREA OF FOOTING 1.5 m2

AREA = LENGTH * BREADTH

00 = 1 * BREADTH

BREADT
H 1.5 m

STEP 2 NET UPWARD PRESSURE

Wu = (1.5 * AXIAL LOAD) / AREA OF FOOTING 270 kN/m2

STEP 3 BENDING MOMENT CALCULATION

64.7400
B.M = 1/2 * Wu * ((B/2)-(a/4))2 9 KN/m2

88
STEP 4 DEPTH REQUIRED FOR THE SECTION

Mu,limit = 0.138 fck bd2

DEPTH 150 m

PROVIDE 2 TIMES THE DEPTH REQUIRED FOR SAFETY

PURPOSE

DEPTH = 2 * DEPTH REQUIRED

DEPTH TO BE PROVIDED (d) 300 m

2.2.14.1 FOOTING CROSS SECTION

89
2.2.15 MORTAR TYPE:

Ceiling plastering

Mortar mix ratio =1:5

Inner plastering Mix ratio = 1:7

Outer plastering Mix ratio =1:10

Thickness of plaster = 10mm (inner), Outer =12mm

Inner wall Plastering quantity for ground floor = 607.83 m2

Outer wall plastering for ground floor =132.61m2

Inner wall plastering for FF = 342.98m2

Outer wall plastering for FF = 121.81m2

Volume of mortar required = 12.56m3

CEMENT USED = PPC cement

BRICK USED = Burnt clay brick

FINE AGGREGATE = M-SAND

COARSE AGGREGATE= 16-20mm

CEMENT QUANTITY:

M20 GRADE: 1:1.5:3

CEMENT PART -1

CONCRETE PARTS = 1+1.5+3=5.5 PARTS

DENSITY OF CEMENT = 1440Kg/m3 = (1/5.5) X 1.54 = 0.28

DENSITY OF CEMENT FOR 1m3 = 403Kg/m3

1 BAG OF CEMENT = 50 Kg

90
 CEMENT = 8.06 bags

TOTAL NUMBER OF BAGS = 6750 kg/ 50 = 135 BAGS

2.2.16 ESTIMATION FOR THE PROPOSED PLAN:

TOTAL
NO LENGT WIDT HEIGH QUANTIT UNIT
SI.NO DESCRIPTION S H H T Y S
EARTHWORK
EXCAVATION
1 FOR WALL FOOTING

LONG WALL 3 15.25 1.5 1.65 113.23125 m3

SHORT WALL 6 6.38 1.5 1.65 94.743 m3

2 SAND FILLING:

LONG WALL 3 15.25 1.5 0.15 10.29375 m3

SHORT WALL 6 6.38 1.5 0.15 8.613 m3

PLAIN CEMENT
3 CONCRETE:

LONG WALL 3 15.25 1.5 0.30 20.5875 m3

SHORT WALL 6 6.38 1.5 0.30 17.226 m3

RANDOM RUBBLE
4 MASONRY :

STEP-01

LONG WALL 1 15.25 0.7 0.45 4.80375 m3

SHORT WALL 1 6.38 0.7 0.45 2.0097 m3

STEP-02

LONG WALL 1 15.25 0.5 0.45 3.43125 m3

SHORT WALL 1 6.38 0.5 0.45 1.4355 m3

PLINTH BEAM
5 EXCAVATION :

LONG WALL 3 15.25 0.5 0.45 10.29375 m3

SHORT WALL 6 8.515 0.5 0.45 11.49525 m3

6 R.C.C FOR PLINTH BEAM :

91
 LONG WALL 3 15.25 0.3 0.45 6.17625 m3

SHORT WALL 6 8.815 0.3 0.45 7.14015 m3

TOTAL 13.3164

SAND FILLING FOR

BASEMENT GROUND
7 LEVEL : 1 15.25 9.15 0.45 62.791875 m3

DEDUCTION

PLINTH BEAM 13.3164 m3

NET TOTAL 49.475475 m3

8 DAMP PROOF COURSE : 1 15.25 9.15 139.5375 m2

DEDUCTION :

PLINTH BEAM

LONG WALL 3 15.25 0.3 13.725 m2

SHORT WALL 6 8.815 0.3 15.867 m2

TOTAL 29.592 m2

NET TOTAL 109.9455 m2

9 VERTIFIED TILE : 1 15.25 9.15 139.5375 m2

DEDUCTION

PLINTH BEAM

LONG WALL 3 15.25 0.3 13.725 m2

SHORT WALL 6 8.815 0.3 15.867 m2

TOTAL 29.592 m2

NET TOTAL 109.9455 m2

BRICK WORK FROM

PLINTH
10 TO LINTEL LEVEL :
MAIN WALL :

i)ALONG X-X DIRECTION 3 9.14 0.23 2.10 13.24 m3

i)ALONG Y-Y DIRECTION 2 20.05 0.23 2.10 19.36 m3
PARTITION WALL :

i)ALONG X-X DIRECTION 3 8.53 0.15 2.10 8.06 m3

i)ALONG Y-Y DIRECTION 1 12.91 0.15 2.10 4.07 m3
TOTAL 44.73 m3

92
 DEDUCTION

MAIN DOOR(M.D) 1 1.20 0.23 2.10 0.58 m3

DOOR (D) 3 1.00 0.23 2.10 1.45 m3

DOOR (D1) 2 0.90 0.23 2.10 0.87 m3

OPEN (O) 1 1.00 0.23 2.10 0.48 m3

WINDOW (W) 2 0.90 0.23 1.20 0.50 m3

WINDOW (W1) 7 1.80 0.23 1.50 4.35 m3

TOTAL 8.22 m3

NET TOTAL 36.51 m3

11 FIXING OF JOINARIES :

MAIN DOOR (M.D) 1 1.20 2.10 2.52 m2

DOOR (D) 3 1.00 2.00 6.00 m2

DOOR (D1) 2 0.90 2.00 3.60 m2

WINDOW (W) 2 0.90 1.20 2.16 m2

WINDOW (W1) 7 1.80 1.20 15.12 m2

VENTILATOR (V) 2 1.00 0.60 1.20 m2

MAIN GATE (MG) 1 1.50 2.00 3.00 m2

NET TOTAL 33.60 m2

12 LINTEL BEAM :

FOR MAIN WALL :

i)ALONG X-X DIRECTION 2 9.14 0.23 0.23 0.97 m3
ALONG X-X DIRECTION
0.23
ALONG STAIRCASE 1 4.11 0.23 0.22 m3
ii)ALONG Y-Y DIRECTION 2 15.18 0.23 0.23 1.61 m3

FOR PARTITION WALL :

i)ALONG X-X DIRECTION
BETWEEN MASTER BED
ROOM 0.15
AND GUEST ROOM 2 6.88 0.15 0.31 m3
BETWEEN KITCHEN
0.15
AND DINING 1 9.14 0.15 0.21 m3
ii)ALONG Y-Y DIRECTION
BETWEEN GUEST ROOM
1 0.15
AND PASSAGE 3.30 0.15 0.07 m3
BETWEEN MASTER
1 0.15 0.15
BEDROOM 3.42 0.08 m3

93
 AND LIVING
ALONG Y DIRECTION
TOILET 1 0.15 0.15
TO STUDY ROOM 7.30 0.16 m3
BETWEEN BATH AND
1 0.15 0.15
TOILET 2.43 0.05 m3
TOTAL 3.68 m3

BRICK OF CM 1:5 FROM

13 LINTEL BEAM TO SLAB :
MAIN WALL :

i)ALONG X-X DIRECTION 3 9.14 0.23 0.72 4.54 m3

ii)ALONG Y-Y DIRECTION 2 20.15 0.23 0.72 6.67 m3
PARTITION WALL :

i)ALONG X-X DIRECTION 3 8.53 0.15 0.72 2.76 m3

ii)ALONG Y-Y DIRECTION 1 12.91 0.15 0.72 1.39 m3
TOTAL 15.37 m3

DEDUCTION

VENTILATOR 1 0.60 0.23 1.00 1.00 m3

NET TOTAL 14.37 m3

14 R.C.C SLAB
All AROUND THE
20.15
BUILDING 1 9.14 0.18 33.15 m3

DEDUCTION
STAIRCASE 1 4.11 2.33 0.18 1.72 m3
TOTAL 31.43 m3

15 STAIRCASE :

WAIST SLAB 2 d 0.98 0.18 0.35 m3

LANDING 1 1.87 0.90 0.18 0.30 m3

TOTAL 0.65 m3

NET TOTAL 32.08 m3

BRICK WORK FOR

m3
16 STAIRCASE 24 1.87 0.90 0.13 5.25

17 CEILING PLASTERING 1 15.14 9.11 137.80 m3

94
18 INNER PLASTERING
i)ALONG X-X DIRECTION 12 9.14 3.00 329.04 m2
ii)ALONG Y-Y DIRECTION 6 20.15 3.00 362.70 m2
ALONG Y-Y DIRECTION
BETWEEN
GUEST AND PASSAGE 1 3.30 3.00 9.90 m2
ALONG Y-Y DIRECTION
BETWEEN BATH AND
BEDROOM
1 2.73 3.00 8.19 m2
TOTAL 709.83 m2

DEDUCTION

MAIN DOOR(M.D) 1 1.20 3.00 3.60 m2

DOOR (D) 3 1.00 3.00 9.00 m2

DOOR (D1) 2 0.90 3.00 5.40 m2

OPEN (O) 1 1.00 3.00 3.00 m2

WINDOW (W) 2 0.90 3.00 5.40 m2

WINDOW (W1) 7 1.80 3.00 37.80 m2

VENTILATOR (V) 1 0.60 1.00 1.00 m2

COLUMN 18 0.23 0.23 0.95 m2

TOTAL 66.15 m2

NET TOTAL 643.68 m2

19 STAIRCASE PLASTERING

WAIST SLAB BOOTM 2 1.87 0.98 3.65 m2

WAIST SLAB SIDE 2 1.87 0.18 0.67 m2
LANDING TOP AND
BOTTOM 2 1.87 0.90 0.18 0.61 m2
RISER 24 0.98 0.13 3.06 m2
TREAD 24 0.98 0.23 5.41 m2

NET TOTAL 13.39 m2

HAND DRILL FOR

20 2 0.75
STAIRCASE 1.87 2.81 m2

21 PAINTING

i)ALONG X-X DIRECTION 12 9.14 3.00 329.04 m2

ii)ALONG Y-Y DIRECTION 6 20.15 3.00 362.70 m2

95
 ALONG Y-Y DIRECTION
BETWEEN GUEST AND
PASSAGE 1 3.30 3.00 9.90 m2
ALONG Y-Y DIRECTION
BETWEEN BATH AND
BEDROOM 1 2.73 3.00 8.19 m2

NET TOTAL 643.68 m2

FIRST FLOOR

1 BRICK WORK FROM

PLINTH TO LINTEL LEVEL :
MAIN WALL :

i)ALONG X-X DIRECTION 3 9.14 0.23 2.10 13.24 m3

ii)ALONG Y-Y DIRECTION 2 20.05 0.23 2.10 19.36 m3
PARTITION WALL :

i)ALONG X-X DIRECTION 3 8.53 0.15 2.10 8.06 m3

ii)ALONG Y-Y DIRECTION 1 12.91 0.15 2.10 4.07 m3
TOTAL 44.73 m3

DEDUCTION

MAIN DOOR (M.D) 1 1.20 0.23 2.10 0.58 m3

DOOR (D) 3 1.00 0.23 2.10 1.45 m3

DOOR (D1) 2 0.90 0.23 2.10 0.87 m3

OPEN (O) 1 1.00 0.23 2.10 0.48 m3

WINDOW (W) 4 0.90 0.23 1.20 0.99 m3

WINDOW (W1) 5 1.80 0.23 1.50 3.11 m3

TOTAL 7.48 m3

NET TOTAL 37.26 m3

2 FIXING OF JOINARIES :

MAIN DOOR (M.D) 1 1.20 2.10 2.52 m2

DOOR (D) 3 1.00 2.00 6.00 m2

DOOR (D1) 2 0.90 2.00 3.60 m2

WINDOW (W) 1 0.90 1.20 1.08 m2

WINDOW (W1) 4 1.80 1.20 8.64 m2

VENTILATOR (V) 5 1.00 0.60 3.00 m2

96
 MAIN GATE (MG) 1 1.50 2.00 3.00 m2
TOTAL 27.84 m2

3 LINTEL BEAM :

FOR MAIN WALL :

i)ALONG X-X DIRECTION 2 9.14 0.23 0.23 0.97 m3
ALONG X-X DIRECTION
0.23
ALONG STAIRCASE 1 4.11 0.23 0.22 m3
ii)ALONG Y-Y DIRECTION 2 15.18 0.23 0.23 1.61 m3

FOR PARTITION WALL :

i)ALONG X-X DIRECTION
BETWEEN MASTER BED
ROOM 0.15
AND GUEST ROOM 2 11.67 0.15 0.53 m3
BETWEEN KITCHEN
0.15
AND DINING 1 9.14 0.15 0.21 m3
ii)ALONG Y-Y DIRECTION
BETWEEN GUEST ROOM
1 0.15
AND PASSAGE 3.30 0.15 0.07 m3
BETWEEN MASTER
1 0.15 0.15
BEDROOM AND LIVING 3.42 0.08 m3
ALONG Y DIRECTION
TOILET 1 0.15 0.15
TO STUDY ROOM 7.30 0.16 m3
BETWEEN BATH AND
1 0.15 0.15
TOILET 2.43 0.05 m3
TOTAL 1.10 m3

BRICK OF CM 1:5 FROM

4 LINTEL BEAM TO SLAB :
MAIN WALL :

i)ALONG X-X DIRECTION 3 9.14 0.23 0.72 4.54 m3

ii)ALONG Y-Y DIRECTION 2 20.15 0.23 0.72 6.67 m3
PARTITION WALL :

i)ALONG X-X DIRECTION 3 8.53 0.15 0.72 2.76 m3

ii)ALONG Y-Y DIRECTION 1 12.91 0.15 0.72 1.39 m3
TOTAL 15.37 m3

DEDUCTION

VENTILATOR 1 0.60 0.23 1.00 1.00 m3

97
 NET TOTAL 14.37 m3

5 R.C.C SLAB

All AROUND THE BUILDING 1 20.15 9.14 0.18 33.15 m3

DEDUCTION

STAIRCASE 1 4.11 2.33 0.18 1.72 m3

TOTAL 31.43 m3

6 STAIRCASE :

WAIST SLAB 2 1.87 0.98 0.18 0.66 m3

LANDING 1 1.87 0.90 0.18 0.30 m3

TOTA
L 0.96 m3

NET TOTAL 32.39 m3

BRICK WORK FOR
7 STAIRCASE 24 1.87 0.90 0.13 5.25 m3

8 CEILING PLASTERING 1 15.14 9.11 137.80 m2

9 INNER PLASTERING
i)ALONG X-X DIRECTION 12 9.14 3.00 329.04 m2
ii)ALONG Y-Y DIRECTION 6 20.15 3.00 362.70 m2
ALONG Y-Y DIRECTION
BETWEEN GUEST AND
PASSAGE 1 3.30 3.00 9.90 m2
ALONG Y-Y DIRECTION
BETWEEN BATH AND
BEDROOM 1 2.73 3.00 8.19 m2
TOTAL 709.83 m2

DEDUCTION

MAIN DOOR(M.D) 1 1.20 3.00 3.60 m2

DOOR (D) 3 1.00 3.00 9.00 m2

DOOR (D1) 2 0.90 3.00 5.40 m2

OPEN (O) 1 1.00 3.00 3.00 m2

WINDOW (W) 4 0.90 3.00 10.80 m2

WINDOW (W1) 5 1.80 3.00 27.00 m2

VENTILATOR (V) 1 0.60 1.00 1.00 m2

COLUMN 18 0.23 0.23 0.95 m2

TOTAL 60.75 m2

98
 NET TOTAL 649.08 m2

10 STAIRCASE PLASTERING

WAIST SLAB BOOTM 2 1.87 0.98 3.65 m2

WAIST SLAB SIDE 2 1.87 0.18 0.67 m2
LANDING TOP AND
BOTTOM 2 1.87 0.90 0.18 0.61 m2
RISER 24 0.98 0.13 3.06 m2
TREAD 24 0.98 0.23 5.41 m2

NET TOTAL 13.39 m2

HAND DRILL FOR

11 2 0.75
STAIRCASE 1.87 2.81 m2

12 PAINTING

i)ALONG X-X DIRECTION 12 9.14 3.00 329.04 m2

ii)ALONG Y-Y DIRECTION 6 20.15 3.00 362.70 m2
ALONG Y-Y DIRECTION
BETWEEN GUEST AND
PASSAGE 1 3.30 3.00 9.90 m2
ALONG Y-Y DIRECTION
BETWEEN BATH AND
BEDROOM 1 2.73 3.00 8.19 m2

NET TOTAL 649.08 m2

2.2.17 ABSTRACT:

ABSTRACT
GROUND FLOOR
QUANTIT UNI RATE TOTAL
SI.N DESCRIPTION
Y T PER UNIT COST
O

1 EARTHWORK EXCAVATION 182.74 m3 ₹ 200.00 ₹ 36,547.20

2 SAND FILLING ` m3 ₹ 597.00 ₹ 597.00

₹
3 P.C.C 40.61 m3 ₹ 3,214.00 1,30,514.11

99
 ₹
4 RANDOM RUBBLE MASONRY 48.73 m3 ₹ 7,575.00 3,69,126.72

5 PLINTH BEAM EARTH WORK 8.12 m3 ₹ 200.00 ₹ 1,624.32

6 PLINTH BEAM 4.77 m3 ₹ 9,870.00 ₹ 47,116.38

7 SAND FILLING 35.11 m3 ₹ 597.00 ₹ 20,963.47

8 DAMP PROOF COURSE 20.7552 m3 ₹ 560.00 ₹ 11,622.91

9 VERTIFIED TILE 158.56 m3 ₹ 40.00 ₹ 6,342.38

₹
10 BRICK WORK UPTO LINTEL LEVEL 37.26 m3 ₹ 3,994.00 1,48,797.39

₹
m2
11 FIXING OF JOUNERIES 27.84 ₹ 20,990.00 5,84,361.60

12 LINTEL BEAM 3.68 m3 ₹ 9,870.00 ₹ 36,275.42

BRICK WORK FROM LINTEL

13 LEVEL TO SLAB 14.37 m3 ₹ 3,994.00 ₹ 57,403.49

₹
14 R.C.C FLOORING 31.43 m3 ₹ 10,559.00 3,31,838.18

15 R.C.C FOR STAIRCASE 32.39 m3 ₹ 2,800.00 ₹ 90,692.00

16 BRICK WORK FOR STAIR CASE 5.25 m3 ₹ 4,361.00 ₹ 22,895.25

17 CEILING PLASTERING 137.8 m2 ₹ 259.00 ₹ 35,690.20

₹
m2
18 INNER AND OUTER PLASTERING 649.08 ₹ 266.00 1,72,655.28

19 STAIRCASE PLASTERING 13.39 m2 ₹ 224.00 ₹ 2,999.36

100
20 HAND DRILL 2.81 m2 ₹ 2,379.00 ₹ 6,684.99

₹
m2
21 PAINTING 649.08 ₹ 560.00 3,63,484.80
₹
22 PLUMBING 25% 5,50,800.00
₹
NET COST FOR GROUND FLOOR 30,29,032.45

TOTAL SQUARE FEET 1500 Sq.ft

TOTAL COST PER SQUARE FEET ₹ 2,019.35

FIRST FLOOR
SI.N QUANTIT UNI RATE PER TOTAL
DESCRIPTION
O Y T UNIT COST

1 VERTIFIED TILE 158.56 m2 ₹ 40.00 ₹ 6,342.40

₹
2 BRICK WORK UPTO LINTEL LEVEL 37.26 m3 ₹ 3,994.00 1,48,816.44

₹
m2
3 FIXING OF JOUNERIES 27.84 ₹ 20,990.00 5,84,361.60

4 LINTEL BEAM 3.68 m3 ₹ 9,870.00 ₹ 36,321.60

BRICK WORK FROM LINTEL

5 LEVEL TO SLAB 14.37 m3 ₹ 3,994.00 ₹ 57,393.78

₹
6 R.C.C FLOORING 31.43 m3 ₹ 10,559.00 3,31,869.37

7 R.C.C FOR STAIRCASE 32.39 m3 ₹ 2,800.00 ₹ 90,692.00

8 BRICK WORK FOR STAIR CASE 5.25 m3 ₹ 4,361.00 ₹ 22,895.25

9 CEILING PLASTERING 137.8 m2 ₹ 259.00 ₹ 35,690.20

₹
m2
10 INNER AND OUTER PLASTERING 649.08 ₹ 266.00 1,72,655.28

11 STAIRCASE PLASTERING 13.39 m2 ₹ 224.00 ₹ 2,999.36

101
 12 HAND DRILL 2.81 m2 ₹ 2,379.00 ₹ 6,684.99

₹
m2
13 PAINTING 649.08 ₹ 560.00 3,63,484.80

₹
14 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL 25% 4,90,308.00

₹
NET COST FOR FIRST FLOOR 23,44,172.67

TOTAL SQUARE FEET 1500 Sq.ft

TOTAL COST PER SQUARE FEET ₹ 1,562.78

2.2.3 CONCLUSION:

Through this phase II Mini-project we have learnt a lot of how to plan a residential building
according to our Indian type of climatic and orientation of light to make use of the nature’s
resource. Based on the code books, criteria for residential buildings we have provided the
room size. For the proposed plan of the building, we have done specific layout for the
architectural, plumbing & electrical. This is the thing we have fully analysed and proposed
for the planning phase of the residential building of phase II mini-project.

And now our proposed plan has got permission to be get implemented in real life which will
survive for long years with sustain.

102