Circles Ipe

CCHAPTER
01
CIRCLES
7 + 7 + 4 + 2 + 2 = 22
Very Short Answer Questions ( 2 marks problems )

1. Find the equation of the circle with centre C  (2, 3) and radius r  4.
Sol: Given centre C(h,k)  (2, 3); h  2; k  3
Radius r  4
 The equation of the required circle is,
(x  h) 2  (y  k) 2  r 2
 (x  2)2  (y  3) 2  (4) 2
 x 2  4  4x  y 2  9  6y  16
 x 2  y 2  4x  6y  13  16  0
 x 2  y 2  4x  6y  3  0.
2. Find the equation of the circle with centre C  (1,2) and radius r  5.
Sol: Given centre C(h,k)  (1,2); h  1; k  2
Radius r  5
(x  h) 2  (y  k) 2  r 2
 (x  1)2  (y  2) 2  (5) 2
 x 2  1  2x  y 2  4  4y  25
 x 2  y 2  2x  4y  5  25  0
 x 2  y 2  2x  4y  20  0.
3. Find the equation of the circle with centre C  (7, 3) and radius r  4.
Sol: Given centre C(h,k)  (7, 3); h  7; k  3
Radius r  4
(x  h)2  (y  k) 2  r 2
 (x  7) 2  (y  3) 2  (4) 2
 x 2  49  14x  y 2  9  6y  16
 x 2  y 2  14x  6y  58  16  0
 x 2  y 2  14x  6y  42  0.
4. Find the equation of the circle with centre C  (0,0) and radius r  9.
Sol: Given centre C(h,k)  (0,0); h  0; k  0
Radius r  9
(x  h)2  (y  k) 2  r 2
 (x  0)2  (y  0) 2  (9) 2  x 2  y 2  81.
5. Find the equation of the circle with centre C  (a, b) and radius r  a  b.
Sol: Given centre C(h,k)  (a, b); h  a; k  b
Radius r  a  b
 The equation of the required circle is, (x  h) 2  (y  k) 2  r 2
 (x  a)2  (y  b) 2  (a  b) 2
 x 2  a 2  2ax  y 2  b 2  2by  a 2  b 2  2ab
 x 2  y 2  2ax  2by  2ab  0.
6. Find the equation of the circle with centre C  (a, b) and radius r  a 2  b2  a  b .
Sol: Given centre C(h,k)  (a, b); h  a; k  b
Radius r  a 2  b2
 (x  a)2  (y  b) 2  a 2  b 2
 x 2  a 2  2ax  y2  b2  2by  a 2  b2
 x 2  y 2  2ax  2by  2b 2  0.
7. Find the equation of the circle with centre C  (cos ,sin ) and radius r  1.
Sol: Given centre C(h,k)  (cos ,sin ); h  cos ; k  sin 
Radius r  1
 (x  cos )2  (y  sin )2  1
 x 2  cos2   2x cos   y2  sin 2   2ysin   1  0
 x 2  y2  2x cos   2ysin   0.
5
8. Find the equation of the circle with centre C  (1,7) and r  .
2
Sol: Given centre C(h,k)  (1,7) ; h  1, k  7
5
Radius r 
2
25
 (x  1)2  (y  7)2 
4
 4(x 2  1  2x  y 2  49  14y)  25
 4x 2  4y 2  8x  56y  200  25  0
 4x 2  4y 2  8x  56y  175  0.
 1 
9. Find the equation of the circle with centre C    , 9  and radius r  5.
 2 
 1  1
Sol: Given centre C(h,k)    , 9  ; h   ; k  9
 2  2
Radius r  5
 The equation of the required circle is (x  h) 2  (y  k) 2  r 2
2
 1
  x    (y  9)2  25
 2
1
 x 2   x  y 2  81  18y  25
4
 4x 2  1  4x  4y 2  324  72y  100
 4x 2  4y 2  4x  72y  225  0.
5 4
10. Find the equation of the circle with centre C   ,   and radius r  6.
2 3  
5 4 5 4
Sol: Given centre C(h,k)   ,   ; h  ; k  
2 3 2  3
Radius r  6
2 2
 5  4
  x     y    36
 2  3
25 16 8
 x2   5x  y 2   y  36
4 9 3
 25 16 8 
 36  x 2   5x  y 2   y   36  36
 4 9 3 
 36x 2  225  180x  36y 2  64  96y  1296
 36x 2  36y 2  180x  96y  1007  0.
11. Find the equation of the circle whose centre is (1,2) and which passes through (5,6).
Sol: Given centre C(h,k)  (1,2) ; h  1; k  2
Given point : P(5,6) P(5,6)
Radius r  CP
r
 (x 2  x1 ) 2  (y 2  y1 ) 2
 (5  1)2  (6  2) 2
.
C(1,2)
 36  16
 52
 (x  1)2  (y  2)2  52
 x 2  1  2x  y2  4  4y  52  0
 x 2  y2  2x  4y  47  0.
12. Find the equation of the circle passing through the origin and having the centre at (4, 3).
Sol: Given centre C(h,k)  (4, 3) ; h  4; k  3
Given point : P(0,0)
Radius r  CP
 (x 2  x1 ) 2  (y 2  y1 ) 2
 (0  4)2  (0  3) 2
 16  9
 25
5
 (x  4)2  (y  3)2  25
 x 2  16  8x  y 2  9  6y  25  0
 x 2  y2  8x  6y  0.
13. Find the equation of the circle passing through (2, 1) and having the centre at (2,3).
Sol: Given centre C(h,k)  (2,3) ; h  2; k  3
Given point : P(2, 1) Radius r  CP
 (x 2  x1 ) 2  (y 2  y1 ) 2
 (2  2)2  (1  3) 2
 16  4
 (x  2)2  (y  3)2  16
 x 2  4  4x  y 2  9  6y  16  0 .
 x 2  y 2  4x  6y  3  0.
14. Find the equation of the circle passing through (2,3) and having the centre at (0,0).
Sol: Given centre C(h,k)  (0,0) ; h  0; k  0
Given point : P(2,3)
Radius r  CP
 (x 2  x1 ) 2  (y 2  y1 ) 2
 49
 13
 x 2  y 2  13. .
15. Find the equation of the circle passing through (3,4) and having the centre at (3,4).
Sol: Given centre C(h,k)  (3,4) ; h  3; k  4
Given point : P(3, 4)
Radius r  CP
 (x 2  x1 ) 2  (y 2  y1 ) 2
 (3  3) 2  (4  4) 2
 36  6
 (x  3)2  (y  4) 2  36
 x 2  9  6x  y 2  16  8y  36  0 .
 x 2  y2  6x  8y  11  0.
16. Find the centre and radius of the circle x 2  y 2  4x  8y  41  0.

Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y 2  4x  8y  41  0.
Comparing with x 2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0, we get
1 1
g  (4)  2 ; f  (8)  4 ; c  41
2 2
Centre : C(g, f )  (2,4)
Radius : r  g2  f 2  c  4  16  41  61.
17. Find the centre and radius of the circle x 2  y 2  6x  8y  96  0.

Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y 2  6x  8y  96  0.
1 1
g  (6)  3 ; f  (8)  4 ; c  96
2 2
Centre : C(g, f )  (3, 4)
Radius : r  g2  f 2  c  9  16  96  121  11.
18. Find the centre and radius of the circle x 2  y 2  2ax  2by  b 2  0.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y 2  2ax  2by  b 2  0.
1 1
g  (2a)  a ; f  (2b)  b ; c  b2
2 2
Centre : C(g, f )  (a,b)
Radius : r  g2  f 2  c  a 2  b2  b2  a 2  a.
19. Find the centre and radius of the circle 3x 2  3y 2  6x  4y  4  0.

Sol: Given equation of the circle is 3x 2  3y 2  6x  4y  4  0.
4 4
Dividing the given equation of the circle by ‘3’, we get, x 2  y2  2x  y   0
3 3
1 14 2 4
g  (2)  1 ; f     , c  
2 2 3 3 3
 2
Centre : C(g, f )  1,  
 3
4 4 9  4  12 25 5
Radius : r  g 2  f 2  c  1      .
9 3 9 9 3
20. Find the centre and radius of the circle 3x 2  3y2  5x  6y  4  0.

Sol: Given equation of the circle is 3x 2  3y2  5x  6y  4  0.
5 4
Dividing the given equation of the circle by ‘3’, we get, x 2  y2  x  2y   0
3 3
1 5 5 1 4
g       ; f  (2)  1 , c 
2 3 6 2 3
5 
Centre : C(g, f )   ,1
6 
25 4 25  36  48 13 13
Radius : r  g 2  f 2  c  1    .
36 3 36 36 6
21. Find the centre and radius of the circle 3x 2  3y2  6x  12y  1  0.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is 3x 2  3y2  6x  12y  1  0.
1
Dividing the given equation of the circle by ‘3’, we get, x 2  y2  2x  4y   0
3
1 1 1
g  (2)  1 ; f  (4)  2 , c  
2 2 3
Centre : C(g, f )   1,2 
1 3  12  1 4
Radius : r  g 2  f 2  c  1  4    .
3 3 3

3
Dividing the given equation of the circle by ‘2’, we get, x 2  y2  2x  3y   0
2
1 1 3 3
g  (2)  1 ; f  (3)  , c  
2 2 2 2
 3  9 3 496 19
Centre : C(g, f )  1,   Radius : r  g 2  f 2  c  1     .
 2  4 2 4 2
3 1
Dividing the given equation of the circle by ‘2’, we get, x 2  y2  x  y   0
2 2
1 3 3 1 1 1
g       ; f  (1)  , c  
2 2 4 2 2 2
3 1 9 1 1 9 48 21
Centre : C(g, f )   ,   Radius : r  g 2  f 2  c      .
4 2 16 4 2 16 4
24. Find the centre and radius of the circle 1  m 2 (x 2  y 2 )  2cx  2mcy  0.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is 1  m 2 (x 2  y 2 )  2cx  2mcy  0.
2c 2cm
Dividing the given equation of the circle by 1  m2 , we get x 2  y 2  x y0
1  m2 1  m2
1 2c  c 1 2cm  cm
g    , f    , c0
2  1  m 2 
 1  m2 2  1  m 2  1  m2
 c cm 
Centre : C(g, f )   , 
 2 
 1 m 1  m2 
c2 c2 m2 c2 (1  m2 )
Radius: r  g 2  f 2  c  2

2

2
 c2  c.
1 m 1 m 1 m
25. Find the value of ‘a’, if 2x 2  ay 2  3x  2y  1  0 represents a circle and also find its radius.
Sol: The given equation represents a circle  coefficient of x 2  coefficient of y2  a  2.
Equation of the circle is 2x 2  2y 2  3x  2y  1  0
3 1
Dividing the given equation of the circle by ‘2’, we get, x 2  y2  x  y   0
2 2
1 3 3 1 1 1
g       ; f  (1)  , c  
2 2 4 2 2 2
3 1 9 1 1 9 48 21
Centre : C(g, f )   ,   Radius : r  g 2  f 2  c      .
4 2 16 4 2 16 4
26. Find the values of ‘a’, ‘b’ if ax 2  bxy  3y 2  5x  2y  3  0 represents a circle. Also find radius and
centre of the circle.
Sol: The given equation represents a circle  coefficient of x 2  coefficient of y2 and coefficient of xy  0
 a 3 & b0
Given equation of the circle is 3x 2  3y2  5x  2y  3  0.
5 2
Dividing the given equation of the circle by ‘3’, we get, x 2  y2  x  y  1  0
3 3
1 5 5 12 1
g       ; f     , c  1
2 3 6 2 3 3
5 1
Centre : C(g, f )   ,  

6 3 
25 1 25  4  36 65
Radius : r  g 2  f 2  c   1   .
36 9 36 6
27. If x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  12  0 represents a circle with centre (2,3) find g, f and its radius.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  12  0
g  g , f  f , c  12
Given centre of the given circle is (g, f )  (2,3)  g  2, f  3
Radius : r  g2  f 2  c  4  9  12  25  5.
28. If x 2  y2  2gx  2fy  0 represents a circle with centre (4, 3) then find g, f and the radius of the circle.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y2  2gx  2fy  0
gg , f f , c0
Given centre of the given circle is (g, f )  (4, 3)  g  4, f  3
Radius : r  g2  f 2  c  16  9  25  5.
29. If the circle x 2  y2  ax  by  12  0 has the centre at (2,3) then find a, b and the radius of the circle.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y2  ax  by  12  0
 a b
Centre of the circle is   ,    (2,3)  a  4 & b  6

2 2 
Given equation of the circle is x 2  y 2  4x  6y  12  0
g  2, f  3, c  12
Radius : r  g2  f 2  c  4  9  12  25  5.
30. If the circle x 2  y2  4x  6y  a  0 has radius 4 then find ‘a’.

Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y2  4x  6y  a  0
g  2, f  3, c  a
Given radius of the circle is 4
 g2  f 2  c  4
 49a  4
 13  a  16
 a  16  13  3
 a  3.
31. If the circle x 2  y2  4x  6y  c  0 has radius 6 then find ‘a’.

Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y2  4x  6y  c  0
g  2, f  3, c  c
Given radius of the circle is 6
 g2  f 2  c  6
 49c 6
 13  c  36
 c  36  13  23
 c  23.
32. Find the equation of the circle passing through (2,3) and concentric with the circle
x 2  y 2  8x  12y  15  0.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y2  8x  12y  15  0.
The equation of the circle which is concentric with the given circle is x 2  y 2  8x  12y  k  0
If it passes through (2,3)
 (2)2  (3)2  8(2)  12(3)  k  0
 4  9  16  36  k  0
 k  65  0
 k  65
 The equation of the required circle is x 2  y 2  8x  12y  65  0.
33. Find the equation of the circle which is concentric with the circle x 2  y 2  6x  4y  12  0 and passing
through (2,14).
Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y 2  6x  4y  12  0
The equation of the circle which is concentric with the given circle is x 2  y 2  6x  4y  k  0
If it passes through (2,14)
 (2) 2  (14) 2  6(2)  4(14)  k  0
 4  196  12  56  k  0
 212  56  k  0
 k  156
 The equation of the required circle is x 2  y 2  6x  4y  156  0.
34. Find the equation of the circle whose extremities of a diameter are (1, 2) and (4,5).
Sol: Let (x1, y1 )  (1, 2); x1  1, y1  2
(x 2 , y 2 )  (4,5); x 2  4, y 2  5
The equation of the required circle is,
(x  x1 )(x  x 2 )  (y  y1 )(y  y 2 )  0
 (x  1)(x  4)  (y  2)(y  5)  0
 x 2  4x  x  4  y 2  5y  2y  10  0
 x 2  y 2  5x  7y  14  0.
Sol: Let (x1, y1 )  (1, 2); x1  1, y1  2
(x 2 , y 2 )  (4,6); x 2  4, y 2  6
(x  x1 )(x  x 2 )  (y  y1 )(y  y 2 )  0
 (x  1)(x  4)  (y  2)(y  6)  0
 x 2  4x  x  4  y 2  6y  2y  12  0
 x 2  y 2  5x  8y  16  0.
Sol: Let (x1, y1 )  (1, 2) ; x1  1, y1  2
(x 2 , y 2 )  (8,6); x 2  8, y 2  6
The equation of the required circle (x  x1 )(x  x 2 )  (y  y1 )(y  y 2 )  0
 (x  1)(x  8)  (y  2)(y  6)  0
 x 2  8x  x  8  y 2  6y  2y  12  0
 x 2  y 2  9x  8y  20  0.
37. Find the equation of the circle whose extremities of a diameter are (4,3) and (3, 4).
Sol: Let (x1, y1 )  (4,3) ; x1  4, y1  3
(x 2 , y 2 )  (3, 4); x 2  3, y 2  4
(x  x1 )(x  x 2 )  (y  y1 )(y  y 2 )  0
 (x  4)(x  3)  (y  3)(y  4)  0
 x 2  3x  4x  12  y 2  4y  3y  12  0
 x 2  y 2  x  y  24  0.
Sol: Let (x1, y1 )  (4, 2) ; x1  4, y1  2
(x 2 , y 2 )  (1,5); x 2  1, y 2  5
(x  x1 )(x  x 2 )  (y  y1 )(y  y 2 )  0
 (x  4)(x  1)  (y  2)(y  5)  0
 x 2  x  4x  4  y 2  5y  2y  10  0
 x 2  y 2  5x  7y  14  0.
39. Find the equation of the circle whose extremities of a diameter are (7, 3) and (3,5).
Sol: Let (x1, y1 )  (7, 3) ; x1  7, y1  3
(x 2 , y 2 )  (3,5); x 2  3, y 2  5
(x  x1 )(x  x 2 )  (y  y1 )(y  y 2 )  0
 (x  7)(x  3)  (y  3)(y  5)  0
 x 2  3x  7x  21  y 2  5y  3y  15  0
 x 2  y 2  10x  2y  6  0.
40. Find the equation of the circle whose extremities of a diameter are (1,1) and (2, 1).
Sol: Let (x1, y1 )  (1,1) ; x1  1, y1  1
(x 2 , y 2 )  (2, 1); x 2  2, y 2  1
(x  x1 )(x  x 2 )  (y  y1 )(y  y 2 )  0
 (x  1)(x  2)  (y  1)(y  1)  0
 x 2  2x  x  2  y 2  y  y  1  0
 x 2  y 2  3x  1  0.
41. Find the equation of the circle whose extremities of a diameter are (0,0) and (8,5).
Sol: Let (x1, y1 )  (0,0) ; x1  0, y1  0
(x 2 , y 2 )  (8,5); x 2  8, y 2  5
(x  x1 )(x  x 2 )  (y  y1 )(y  y 2 )  0
 (x  0)(x  8)  (y  0)(y  5)  0
 x 2  8x  y 2  5y  0
 x 2  y 2  8x  5y  0.
42. Find the equation of the circle whose extremities of a diameter are (3,1) and (2,7).
Sol: Let (x1, y1 )  (3,1) ; x1  3, y1  1
(x 2 , y 2 )  (2,7); x 2  2, y 2  7
(x  x1 )(x  x 2 )  (y  y1 )(y  y 2 )  0
 (x  3)(x  2)  (y  1)(y  7)  0  x 2  2x  3x  6  y 2  7y  y  7  0  x 2  y 2  5x  8y  13  0.
43. Obtain the parametric equations of the circle x 2  y 2  1.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y 2  1.
Centre : C(h,k)  (0,0) ; h  0, k  0 ; radius : r  1
 The parametric equations of the circle are x  h  r cos  ; y  k  r sin  where 0    2
 x  cos  , y  sin .
44. Obtain the parametric equations of the circle x 2  y 2  4.

Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y 2  4.
 x  2cos  , y  2sin .
45. Obtain the parametric equations of the circle 4(x 2  y2 )  9.

9
Sol: Given equation of the circle is 4(x 2  y2 )  9  x 2  y2 
4
3
Centre : C(h,k)  (0,0) ; h  0, k  0 ; radius : r 
2
3 3
 x  cos  , y  sin .
2 2
46. Obtain the parametric equations of the circle 2x 2  2y2  7.

7
Sol: Given equation of the circle is 2x 2  2y2  7  x 2  y2 
2
7
Centre : C(h,k)  (0,0) ; h  0, k  0 ; radius : r 
2
7 7
x cos  , y  sin .
2 2
47. Obtain the parametric equations of the circle (x  3)2  (y  4)2  82.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is (x  3)2  (y  4)2  82.
 x  3  8cos  , y  4  8sin .
48. Obtain the parametric equations of the circle x 2  y 2  4x  6y  12  0.

Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y 2  4x  6y  12  0.
Centre : C(h,k)  (2,3) ; h  2, k  3 ; radius : r  g2  f 2  c  4  9  12  5
 x  2  5cos  , y  3  5sin .
49. Obtain the parametric equations of the circle x 2  y 2  6x  4y  12  0.

Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y 2  6x  4y  12  0.
Centre : C(h,k)  (3, 2) ; h  3, k  2 ; radius : r  g2  f 2  c  9  4  12  5
 x  3  5cos  , y  2  5sin .
50. Obtain the parametric equations of the circle x 2  y 2  6x  8y  96  0.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y 2  6x  8y  96  0.
Centre : C(h,k)  (3, 4) ; h  3, k  4 ; radius : r  g2  f 2  c  9  16  96  121  11
 x  3  11cos  , y  4  11sin .
51. Find the other end of the diameter of the circle x 2  y 2  8x  8y  27  0 if one end of it is (2,3).
Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y 2  8x  8y  27  0
Centre of the circle is C  (4, 4)
One end of the diameter is A(2,3)
Let the other end of the diameter is B(, )
Now, C  midpoint of AB A(2,3) . B(, )
C(4,4)
  2 3
 (4, 4)  
2 
,
 2
  2  8   6 ; 38  5
 Other end of the diameter of the circle is (, )  (6,5)
52. Show that A(3, 1) lies on the circle x 2  y 2  2x  4y  0.

Also find the other end of the diameter through A.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y 2  2x  4y  0.
Substitute A(3, 1) in the above equation.
 (3)2  (1)2  2(3)  4(1)  0
 9 1 6  4  0
00
 A(3, 1) lies on the circle.
Centre of the circle is C(1, 2).
Let A(3, 1) and B(, ) be the ends of a diameter.
Now, C  midpoint of AB
   3  1 
 (1, 2)  
2 
,
 2
   3  2    1 ;   1  4     3
 Other end of the diameter of the circle is (, )  (1, 3).
53. Show that A(3,0) lies on the circle x 2  y2  8x  12y  15  0.

Also find the other end of the diameter through A.
Substitute A(3,0) in the above equation.
 (3)2  0  8(3)  12(0)  15  0  9  24  15  0  0  0
 A(3,0) lies on the circle.
Centre of the circle is C(4, 6).
Let A(3,0) and B(, ) be the ends of a diameter.
Now, C  midpoint of AB
 3 
 (4, 6)   , 
 2 2
   3  8     5 ;   12
 Other end of the diameter of the circle is (, )  (5, 12).
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS : 2. Find the equation of the circle passing
1. Find the equation of the circle passing through the points (3,4), (3,2), (1, 4).
through the points (1,1), (2, 1), (3,2). Sol: Let the equation of the required circle be
Sol: Let the equation of the required circle be x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 ..... (1)
2 2
x  y  2gx  2fy  c  0 ..... (1) Equation (1) passes through (3,4)
Equation (1) passes through (1,1)
 (3)2  (4)2  2g(3)  2f (4)  c  0
2 2
 (1)  (1)  2g(1)  2f (1)  c  0  6g  8f  c  25  0 ..... (2)
 2g  2f  c  2  0 ..... (2) Equation (1) passes through (3,2)
Equation (1) passes through (2, 1)  (3)2  (2)2  2g(3)  2f (2)  c  0
2 2
 (2)  (1)  2g(2)  2f (1)  c  0  9  4  6g  4f  c  0
 4  1  4g  2f  c  0  6g  4f  c  13  0 ..... (3)
 4g  2f  c  5  0 ..... (3) Equation (1) passes through (1, 4)
 (1)2  (4)2  2g(1)  2f (4)  c  0
 (3)2  (2)2  2g(3)  2f (2)  c  0  1  16  2g  8f  c  0
 9  4  6g  4f  c  0  2g  8f  c  17  0 ..... (4)
 6g  4f  c  13  0 ..... (4) (2)  (3)  6g  8f  c  25  0
(2)  (3)  2g  2f  c  2  0 6g  4f  c  13  0
 4g  2f  c  5  0 0g  4f  12  0
 2g  4f  3  0 ..... (5)  0g  f  3  0 ..... (5)
(3)  (4)  4g  2f  c  5  0 (3)  (4)  6g  4f  c  13  0
6g  4f  c  13  0  2g  8f  c  17  0
 2g  6f  8  0 4g  4f  4  0
 g  3f  4  0 ..... (6)  g  f  1  0 ..... (6)
Solving (5) and (6) Solving (5) and (6)
g f 1 g f 1
4 3 2 4 1 3 0 1
3 4 1 3 1 1 1 1
16  9 25 5 1  3 30
g   g  2 f  3
6  4 10 2 0 1 0 1
3  8 5 1 g  2 and f  3
f  
6  4 10 2 Put the values of g, f in (4)
5 1 (4)  2g  8f  c  17  0
g and f  
2 2  2(2)  8(3)  c  17  0
Put the values of g, f in (2)  4  24  c  17  0
(2)  2g  2f  c  2  0
 c  11  0
 5  1
 2   2   c  2  0  c  11.
 2  2
Put the values of g, f, c values in (1)
 5  1  c  2  0
(1)  x 2  y2  2(2)x  2(3)y  11  0
 c  4  0  c  4.
Put the values of g, f, c values in (1)  x 2  y2  4x  6y  11  0
 5  1  The equation of the required circle be
(1)  x 2  y 2  2    x  2    y  4  0
 2  2 x 2  y 2  4x  6y  11  0.
 x 2  y 2  5x  y  4  0
3. Find the equation of the circle passing
through the points (1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6).
 The equation of the required circle be
Sol: Let the equation of the required circle be
x 2  y 2  5x  y  4  0.
x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 ..... (1)
Equation (1) passes through (1, 2)
 (1)2  (2)2  2g(1)  2f (2)  c  0  (5)2  (5)2  2g(5)  2f (5)  c  0
 2g  4f  c  5  0 ..... (2)  25  25  10g  10f  c  0
Equation (1) passes through (3, 4)  10g  10f  c  50  0 ..... (3)
 (3)2  (4)2  2g(3)  2f (4)  c  0 Equation (1) passes through (6,7)
 9  16  6g  8f  c  0  (6)2  (7)2  2g(6)  2f (7)  c  0
 6g  8f  c  25  0 ..... (3)  36  49  12g  14f  c  0
Equation (1) passes through (5, 6)  12g  14f  c  85  0 ..... (4)
 (5)2  (6)2  2g(5)  2f (6)  c  0 (2)  (3)  4g  2f  c  5  0
 25  36  10g  12f  c  0 10g  10f  c  50  0
 10g  12f  c  61  0 ..... (4)  6g  8f  45  0
(2)  (3)  2g  4f  c  5  0  6g  8f  45  0 ..... (5)
6g  8f  c  25  0 (3)  (4)  10g  10f  c  50  0
 4g  12f  20  0 12g  14f  c  85  0
 g  3f  5  0 ..... (5) 22g  4f  35  0 ..... (6)
(3)  (4)  6g  8f  c  25  0 Solving (5) and (6)
10g  12f  c  61  0 g f 1
8 45 6 8
 4g  4f  36  0
 4  35 22  4
 g  f  9  0 ..... (6)
280  180 100 1
Solving (5) and (6) g  
g f 1 24  176 200 2
3 1 3 990  210 1200
5 f   6
24  176 200
1 9 1 1
1
27  5 22 g  and f  6
g   11 2
1  3 2 Put the values of g, f in (2)
5  9 4 (2)  4g  2f  c  5  0
f   2
1  3 2
1
g  11 and f  2  4    2( 6)  c  5  0
2
Put the values of g, f in (2)
 2  12  c  5  0
(2)  2g  4f  c  5  0
 c50
 2(11)  4(2)  c  5  0
 c  5.
 22  8  c  5  0
 c  25  0  c  25.
1
Put the values of g, f, c values in (1) (1)  x 2  y 2  2   x  2(6)y  5  0
2
(1)  x 2  y2  2(11)x  2(2)y  25  0
2 2
 x 2  y 2  x  12y  5  0
 x  y  22x  4y  25  0  The equation of the required circle be
2 2
x 2  y 2  x  12y  5  0.
x  y  22x  4y  25  0.
4. Find the equation of the circle passing through the points (5,7), (8,1), (1,3).
through the points (2,1), (5,5), (6,7). Sol: Let the equation of the required circle be
x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 ..... (1)
2 2
x  y  2gx  2fy  c  0 ..... (1)
2 2
 (5)2  (7)2  2g(5)  2f (7)  c  0
 (2)  (1)  2g(2)  2f (1)  c  0
 10g  14f  c  74  0 ..... (2)
 4g  2f  c  5  0 ..... (2)
 (8)2  (1)2  2g(8)  2f (1)  c  0  (1)2  (1)2  2g(1)  2f (1)  c  0
 64  1  16g  2f  c  0  2g  2f  c  2  0 ..... (2)
 16g  2f  c  65  0 ..... (3) Equation (1) passes through (6,0)
Equation (1) passes through (1,3)  (6)2  (0)2  2g(6)  2f (0)  c  0
 (1)2  (3)2  2g(1)  2f (3)  c  0  36  12g  0f  c  0
 1  9  2g  6f  c  0  12g  0f  c  36  0 ..... (3)
 2g  6f  c  10  0 ..... (4) Equation (1) passes through (2, 2)
(2)  (3)  10g  14f  c  74  0  (2)2  (2)2  2g(2)  2f (2)  c  0
16g  2f  c  65  0  4  4  4g  4f  c  0
 6g  12f  9  0  4g  4f  c  8  0 ..... (4)
 2g  4f  3  0 ..... (5) (2)  (3)  2g  2f  c  2  0
(3)  (4)  16g  2f  c  65  0 12g  0f  c  36  0
 2g  6f  c  10  0 14g  2f  34  0
14g  4f  55  0 ..... (6)  7g  f  17  0 ..... (5)
Solving (5) and (6) (3)  (4)  12g  0f  c  36  0
g f 1 4g  4f  c  8  0
4 3 2 4
 8g  4f  28  0
4 55 14  4
 2g  f  7  0 ..... (6)
220  12 232 29
g   Solving (5) and (6)
8  56 48 6 g f 1
42  110 152 19
f   1  17 7 1
8  56 48 6
1 7 2 1
29 19
g and f   7  17 10
6 6 g  2
Put the values of g, f in (4) 72 5
(2)  2g  6f  c  10  0 34  49 15
f  3
72 5
 29   19 
 2     6     c  10  0 g  2 and f  3
 6   6
29
   19  c  10  0 (2)  2g  2f  c  2  0
3
 2(2)  2(3)  c  2  0
29
c 9 46c20
3
29  27 56  c  12  0
c 
3 3  c  12.
Put the values of g, f, c values in (1) Put the values of g, f, c values in (1)
 29   19  56 (1)  x 2  y2  2(2)x  2(3)y  12  0
(1)  x 2  y 2  2    x  2    y  0
 6   6  3
 x 2  y 2  4x  6y  12  0
2 2
 3x  3y  29x  19y  56  0 Substitute (2, 8) in the above equation
 (2)2  (8) 2  4(2)  6(8)  12  0
3x 2  3y 2  29x  19y  56  0.
 4  64  8  48  12  0
 68  68  0
6. Show that the points (1,1), (6,0), (2, 2) and
00
(2, 8) are concyclic. Also find the equation
(2, 8) also lies on the circle
of the circle on which they lie.
 The given four points are concyclic.
Sol: Let the equation of the circle passing through
The equation of the circle containing the
(1,1), (6,0), (2, 2) be
given points is,
x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 ..... (1) x 2  y 2  4x  6y  12  0.
7. Show that the points (1, 6), (2,3), (7,0) and (1, 4) also lies on the circle
(1, 4) are concyclic. Also find the equation  The given four points are concyclic.
of the circle on which they lie. The equation of the circle containing the
Sol: Let the equation of the circle passing through given points is,
(1, 6), (5,2), (7,0) be x 2  y 2  6x  4y  7  0.
x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 ..... (1)
Equation (1) passes through (1, 6) 8. Show that the points (9,1), (7,9), (2,12) and
(6,10) are concyclic. Also find the equation of
 (1)2  (6)2  2g(1)  2f (6)  c  0
the circle on which they lie.
 2g  12f  c  37  0 ..... (2) Sol: Let the equation of the circle passing through
Equation (1) passes through (9,1), (7,9), (2,12) be
P(x1 , y1 )  (2, 3); x1  2, y1  3
x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 ..... (1)
2 2
 (5)  (2)  2g(5)  2f (2)  c  0 Equation (1) passes through (9,1)
 25  4  10g  4f  c  0
 (9)2  (1)2  2g(9)  2f (1)  c  0
 10g  4f  c  29  0 ..... (3)
 18g  2f  c  82  0 ..... (2)
 (7)2  (0)2  2g(7)  2f (0)  c  0
 (7)2  (9)2  2g(7)  2f (9)  c  0
 49  14g  0f  c  0
 49  81  14g  18f  c  0
 14g  0f  c  49  0 ..... (4)
 14g  18f  c  130  0 ..... (3)
(2)  (3)  2g  12f  c  37  0
Equation (1) passes through (2,12)
 10g  4f  c  29  0
 (2)2  (12)2  2g(2)  2f (12)  c  0
 8g  16f  8  0
 4  144  4g  24f  c  0
 g  2f  1  0 ..... (5)
 4g  24f  c  148  0 ..... (4)
(3)  (4)  10g  4f  c  29  0
(2)  (3)  18g  2f  c  82  0
 14g  0f  c  49  0
 14g 18f  c  130  0
 4g  4f  20  0
4g  16f  48  0
 g  f  5  0 ..... (6)
 g  4f  12  0 ..... (5)
Solving (5) and (6)
g f 1 (3)  (4)  14g  18f  c  130  0
2 1 1 2 4g  24f  c 148  0
1 5 1 1 18g  6f  18  0
10  1 9  3g  f  3  0 ..... (6)
g    3
1  2 3 Solving (5) and (6)
1  5 6 g f 1
f  2
1  2 3 4  12 1 4
g  3 and f  2 1 3 3 1
Put the values of g, f in (4) 12  12
(4)  14g  c  49  0 g 0
1  12
 14(3)  c  49  0 36  3 33
f    3
 42  c  49  0 1  12 11
 c  7  0  c  7. g  0 and f  3
Put the values of g, f, c values in (1) Put the values of g, f in (2)
(2)  18g  2f  c  82  0
(1)  x 2  y 2  2(3)x  2(2)y  7  0
 14(0)  2(3)  c  82  0
 x 2  y 2  6x  4y  7  0
 6  c  82  0
Substitute (1, 4) in the above equation
 c  76  0
 (1)2  (4) 2  6(1)  4(4)  7  0  c  76.
 1  16  6  16  7  0 Put the values of g, f, c values in (1)
00
(1)  x 2  y 2  2(0)x  2(3)y  76  0 (2)  2g  4f  c  5  0
 2(11)  4(2)  c  5  0
 x 2  y 2  6y  76  0
 22  8  c  5  0
Substitute (6,10) in the above equation
 c  25  0
 (6)2  (10)2  6(10)  76  0
 c  25.
 36  100  60  76  0
 136  136  0
(1)  x 2  y2  2(11)x  2(2)y  25  0
00
(6,10) also lies on the circle  x 2  y 2  22x  4y  25  0
 The given four points are concyclic.  The equation of the required circle be
The equation of the circle containing the x 2  y 2  22x  4y  25  0.
given points is, Substitute (19,8) in the above equation
2 2
x  y  6y  76  0.  (19)2  (8)2  22(19)  4(8)  25  0
9. Show that the points (1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6) and  361  64  418  32  25  0
(19,8) are concyclic. Also find the equation of  450  450  0
the circle on which they lie. 00
Sol: Let the equation of the circle passing through (19,8) also lies on the circle
(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6) be
 The given four points are concyclic.
x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 ..... (1) The equation of the circle containing the
Equation (1) passes through (1, 2) given points is,
 (1)2  (2)2  2g(1)  2f (2)  c  0 x 2  y 2  22x  4y  25  0.
 2g  4f  c  5  0 ..... (2)
10.*** If (2,0), (0,1), (4,5) and (0,c) are concyclic
Equation (1) passes through (3, 4)
then find ‘c’.
 (3)2  (4)2  2g(3)  2f (4)  c  0 Sol: Let A(2,0), B(0,1), C(4,5), D(0,c)
 9  16  6g  8f  c  0 Let the equation of the required circle be
 6g  8f  c  25  0 ..... (3) x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  k  0 ..... (1)
Equation (1) passes through (5, 6) Equation (1) passes through (2,0)
2 2
 (5)  (6)  2g(5)  2f (6)  c  0  (2)2  (0)2  2g(2)  2f (0)  k  0
 25  36  10g  12f  c  0  4g  0f  k  4  0 ..... (2)
 10g  12f  c  61  0 ..... (4) Equation (1) passes through (0,1)
(2)  (3)  2g  4f  c  5  0
 (0)2  (1)2  2g(0)  2f (1)  k  0
6g  8f  c  25  0
 0g  2f  k  1  0 ..... (3)
 4g  12f  20  0 Equation (1) passes through (4,5)
 g  3f  5  0 ..... (5)
 (4)2  (5)2  2g(4)  2f (5)  k  0
(3)  (4)  6g  8f  c  25  0
 16  25  8g  10f  k  0
10g  12f  c  61  0
 8g  10f  k  41  0 ..... (4)
 4g  4f  36  0
(2)  (3)  4g  0f  k  4  0
 g  f  9  0 ..... (6)
0g  2f  k  1  0
Solving (5) and (6)
g f 1 4g  2f  3  0 ..... (5)
3 5 1 3 (3)  (4)  0g  2f  k  1  0
1 9 1 1  8g  10f  k  41  0
27  5 22  8g  8f  40  0
g   11
1  3 2  g  f  5  0 ..... (6)
5  9 4 Solving (5) and (6)
f   2
1  3 2
g  11 and f  2
g f 1  (a) 2  (0) 2  2g(a)  2f (0)  0  0
2 3 4 2
 a 2  2ag  0
1 5 1 1
10  3 13  2ag  a 2
g  a
42 6 g
3  20 17 2
f  Equation (1) passes through (0,a)
42 6
13 17  (0)2  (a) 2  2g(0)  2f (a)  0  0
g and f  
6 6
 a 2  2af  0
(3)  0g  2f  k  1  0  2af  a 2
 17  f 
a
 2    k 1  0
 6 2
17 Put the values of g, f, c values in (1)
   k 1  0  a  a
3 (1)  x 2  y 2  2    x  2    y  0
17  2  2
 k  1
3  x 2  y 2  ax  ay  0
17  3 14 Substitute C(a,a) in the above equation
k  .
3 3  a2  a2  a2  a2  0
00
 13   17  14
(1)  x 2  y 2  2    x  2    y   0 C(a,a) lies on the circle.
 6  6 3
 A, B, C, D are concyclic.
 3x 2  3y 2  13x  17y  14  0 12. Find the equation of the circle passing
Since (0,c) lies on the circle through (4,1), (6,5) and having the centre on
 3c2  17c  14  0 the line 4x  y  16  0.
 3c2  3c  14c  14  0
 3c(c  1)  14(c  1)  0 x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 ..... (1)
 (c  1)(3c  14)  0 Centre of (1) lies on the line 4x  y  16  0.
 c 1  0 or 3c  14  0 i.e., C(g, f ) lies on 4x  y  16  0.
14  4(g)  (f )  16  0
 c 1 or 3c  14  c   4g  f  16  0 ..... (2)
3
If c  1 then the points B and D coincide Equation (1) passes through (4,1)
14  (4)2  (1)2  2g(4)  2f (1)  c  0
c .
3  8g  2f  c  17  0 ..... (3)
11. If ABCD is a square then show that
A, B, C, D are concyclic. Equation (1) passes through (6,5)
Sol: Y  (6)2  (5)2  2g(6)  2f (5)  c  0
 12g  10f  c  61  0 ..... (4)
D(0,a) C(a,a) (3)  (4)  8g  2f  c  17  0
12g  10f  c  61  0
a  4g  8f  44  0
A(0,0) X  g  2f  11  0 ..... (5)
B(a,0)
Solving (2) and (5)
Let AB  AD  a
A(0,0), B(a,0), C(a,a), D(0,a)
Let the equation of the circle passing through
the points A(0,0), B(a,0), D(0,a)
Equation (1) passes through A(0,0)
c0
Equation (1) passes through (a,0)
g f 1 (3)  8g  2f  c  17  0
1 16 4 1  8(3)  2(4)  c  17  0
2 11 1 2  24  8  c  17  0
11  32 21  c  15  0
g   3
8 1 7  c  15
16  44 28 Put the values of g, f, c in (1)
f   4
8 1 7 (1)  x 2  y 2  2(3)x  2(4)y  15  0
g  3 and f  4  x 2  y 2  6x  8y  15  0.
Put the values of g, f in (3) 14. Find the equation of the circle passing
(3)  8g  2f  c  17  0
through (2, 3), (4,5) and having the centre
 8(3)  2(4)  c  17  0
on the line 4x  3y  1  0.
 24  8  c  17  0 Sol: Let the equation of the required circle be
 c  15  0 x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 ..... (1)
 c  15 Centre of (1) lies on the line 4x  3y  1  0.
Put the values of g, f, c in (1) i.e., C(g, f ) lies on 4x  3y  1  0.
(1)  x 2  y 2  2(3)x  2(4)y  15  0  4(g)  3(f )  1  0
2 2
 x  y  6x  8y  15  0.  4g  3f  1  0 ..... (2)
 (2)2  (3) 2  2g(2)  2f (3)  c  0
through (4,1), (6,5) and having the centre on
 4g  6f  c  13  0 ..... (3)
the line 4x  3y  24  0.
x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 ..... (1)  (4)2  (5)2  2g(4)  2f (5)  c  0
Centre of (1) lies on the line 4x  3y  24  0.  8g  10f  c  41  0 ..... (4)
i.e., C(g, f ) lies on 4x  3y  24  0. (3)  (4)  4g  6f  c  13  0
 4(g)  3(f )  24  0 8g  10f  c  41  0
 4g  3f  24  0 ..... (2) 12g  16f  28  0
Equation (1) passes through (4,1)  3g  4f  7  0 ..... (5)
 (4)2  (1)2  2g(4)  2f (1)  c  0
Solving (2) and (5)
 8g  2f  c  17  0 ..... (3) g f 1
Equation (1) passes through (6,5) 3 1 4 3
2 2
 (6)  (5)  2g(6)  2f (5)  c  0 4 7 3 4
 12g  10f  c  61  0 ..... (4) 21  4 25
g  1
(3)  (4)  8g  2f  c  17  0 16  9 25
12g  10f  c  61  0 3  28 25
f   1
 4g  8f  44  0 16  9 25
 g  2f  11  0 ..... (5) g  1 and f  1
Solving (2) and (5) Put the values of g, f in (3)
g f 1 (3)  4g  6f  c  13  0
3 24 4 3  4(1)  6(1)  c  13  0
2 11 1 2  4  6  c  13  0
33  48 15  c  23  0
g   3
83 5  c  23
24  44 20 Put the values of g, f, c in (1)
f   4
83 5 (1)  x 2  y 2  2(1)x  2(1)y  23  0
g  3 and f  4  x 2  y 2  2x  2y  23  0.
15. Find the equation of the circle whose centre Solving (1) and (2), we get A
lies on the X-axis and passing through (2,3) x y 1
and (4,5). 1 1 1 1
Sol: Let the equation of the required circle be 1 5 3 1
x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 ..... (1) 5  1 6 35 8
x  3 y   4
Centre of (1), (g, f ) lies on X-axis  f  0 1  3 2 1  3 2
Equation (1) passes through (2,3)  A(3, 4).
Solving (2) and (3), we get B
 (2)2  (3)2  2g(2)  0  c  0 x y 1
 4g  c  13  0 ..... (2) 1 5 3 1
Equation (1) passes through (4,5) 1 5 2 1
 (4)2  (5)2  2g(4)  0  c  0 5  5 0 10  15 5
x  0 y  5
 8g  c  41  0 ..... (3) 32 1 32 1
(2)  (3)   4g  c  13  0  B(0,5).
8g  c  41  0 Solving (1) and (3)
x y 1
 12g  28  0
1 1 1 1
 12g  28
1 5 2 1
28
g 5  1 6 25 7
12 x  6 y   7
7 1  2 1 1  2 1
g  C(6, 7).
3
Put the value of ‘g’ in (2) Let the equation of the required circle be
(2)  4g  c  13  0 x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 ..... (4)
 c  4g  13 Equation (1) passes through (3, 4)
 7  (3)2  (4)2  2g(3)  2f (4)  c  0
 c  4     13
 3  6g  8f  c  25  0 ..... (5)
28  39 Equation (1) passes through (0,5)
c
3
 (0)2  (5)2  2g(0)  2f (5)  c  0
67
c  25  0g  10f  c  0
3
Put the values of g, f, c in (1)  0g  10f  c  25  0 ..... (6)
 7 67 Equation (1) passes through (6, 7)
 x 2  y 2  2    x  2(0)y  0
 3 3  (6)2  (7) 2  2g(6)  2f (7)  c  0
 3x 2  3y 2  14x  67  0.  36  49  12g  14f  c  0
 12g  14f  c  85  0 ..... (7)
16. Find the equation of the circle passes through (5)  (6)  6g  8f  c  25  0
the vertices of the triangle formed by the lines 0g  10f  c  25  0
x  y  1  0, 3x  y  5  0, 2x  y  5  0.
Sol: C(6, 7) 6g  18f  0
 g  3f  0 ..... (8)
(6)  (7)  0g  10f  c  25  0
(1) (3) 12g  14f  c  85  0
 12g  24f  60  0
(2)  g  2f  5  0 ..... (9)
A(3,4) B(0,5) Solving (8) and (9)
g f 1
Given lines, 3 0 1 3
x  y  1  0 ..... (1) 2 5 1 2
3x  y  5  0 ..... (2)
2x  y  5  0 ..... (3)
15  0 15  (7)2  (1)2  2g(7)  2f (1)  c  0
g   15
2  3 1  49  1  14g  2f  c  0
0  5 5
f   5  14g  2f  c  50  0 ..... (6)
2  3 1
Equation (1) passes through (1, 2)
g  15 and f  5
Put the values of g, f in (6)  (1)2  (2)2  2g(1)  2f (2)  c  0
(6)  0g  10f  c  25  0  1  4  2g  4f  c  0
 0  10(5)  c  25  0  2g  4f  c  5  0 ..... (7)
 25  c  0 (5)  (6)   4g  16f  c  68  0
 c  25. 14g  2f  c  50  0
Put the values of g, f, c values in (1)  18g  18f  18  0
(1)  x 2  y2  2(15)x  2(5)y  25  0  g  f  1  0 ..... (8)
 x 2  y 2  30x  10y  25  0 (6)  (7) 14g  2f  c  50  0
 The equation of the required circle be  2g  4f  c  5  0
2 2
x  y  30x  10y  25  0. 12g  6f  45  0
 4g  2f  15  0 ..... (9)
17. Find the equation of the circle passes through Solving (8) and (9)
the vertices of the triangle formed by the lines g f 1
2x  y  4, x  y  6, x  2y  5. 1 1 1 1
Sol: Given lines,
2 15 4 2
2x  y  4  0 ..... (1)
15  2 17 4  15 19
x  y  6  0 ..... (2) g  ; f  
24 2 24 2
x  2y  5  0 ..... (3)
17 19
Solving (1) and (2), we get A g and f  
2 2
x y 1 Put the values of g, f in (7)
1 4 2 1 (7)  2g  4f  c  5  0
1 6 1 1  17   19 
 2    4    c  5  0
6  4 2 4  12 8  2  2
x   2 y  8
2 1 1 2 1 1  17  38  c  5  0
 A(2,8).  c  50  0
Solving (2) and (3), we get B  c  50
x y 1
1 6 1 1
 17   19 
2 5 1 2 (1)  x 2  y 2  2    x  2    y  50  0
 2  2
5  12 7 6  5 1
x  7 y   1  x 2  y 2  17x  19y  50  0.
2 1 1 2 1 1
 B(7, 1).  The equation of the required circle be
Solving (1) and (3) x 2  y 2  17x  19y  50  0.
x y 1
1 4 2 1 18. Find the equation of the circle passes through
the vertices of the triangle formed by the lines
2 5 1 2
x  3y  1  0, x  y  1  0, 2x  3y  4  0.
5  8 3 4  10 6
x  1 y  2 Sol: C(5,2)
4 1 3 4 1 3
 C(1, 2).
Let the equation of the required circle be
(1) (3)
x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 ..... (4)
(2)
 (2)2  (8)2  2g(2)  2f (8)  c  0 Given lines,
 4g  16f  c  68  0 ..... (5)
x  3y  1  0 ..... (1) Put the values of g, f in (6)
x  y  1  0 ..... (2) (6)  2g  4f  c  5  0
2x  3y  4  0 ..... (3)  2(6)  4(6)  c  5  0
Solving (1) and (2), we get A  12  24  c  5  0
x y 1  c  7.
3 1 1 3 Put the values of g, f, c values in (1)
1 1 1 1 (1)  x 2  y 2  2(6)x  2(6)y  7  0
3 1 4 1  1 2  x 2  y 2  12x  12y  7  0
x   2 y  1
1  3 2 1  3 2  The equation of the required circle be
 A(2,1).
x 2  y 2  12x  12y  7  0.
x y 1
19. Find the equation of the circle passes through
1 1 1 1
3 4 2 3 5x  3y  4  0, 2x  3y  5  0, x  y  0.
43 1 2  4 2 Sol:
x  1 y   2
3 2 1 32 1
 B(1, 2).
Solving (1) and (3) (1) (3)
x y 1
3 1 1 3 (2)
3 4 2 3  1 11 
A ,  B(5,5)
12  3 15 2  4 6 7 7 
x   5 y  2 Given lines,
3  6 3 36 3 5x  3y  4  0 ..... (1)
 C(5, 2). 2x  3y  5  0 ..... (2)
Let the equation of the required circle be x  y  0 ..... (3)
x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 ..... (4) Solving (1) and (2), we get A
Equation (1) passes through (2,1) x y 1
2 2
 (2)  (1)  2g(2)  2f (1)  c  0 3 4 5 3
 4g  2f  c  5  0 ..... (5) 3 5 2 3
Equation (1) passes through (1, 2) 15  12 3 1 8  25 33 11
x   y  
 (1)2  (2)2  2g(1)  2f (2)  c  0 15  6 21 7 15  6 21 7
 1 11 
 1  4  2g  4f  c  0  A  , .
7 7 
 2g  4f  c  5  0 ..... (6)
Equation (1) passes through (5, 2) x y 1
2 2
 (5)  (2)  2g(5)  2f (2)  c  0 3 5 2 3
 25  4  10g  4f  c  0 1 0 1 1
 10g  4f  c  29  0 ..... (7) 05 5 5  0 5
x   5 y  5
(5)  (6)   4g  2f  c  5  0 2  3 1 2  3 1
2g  4f  c  5  0  B(5,5).
 6g  6f  0 Solving (1) and (3)
x y 1
gf 0
3 4 5 3
 g  f ..... (8)
1 0 1 1
(6)  (7)  2g  4f  c  5  0
0  4 4 1 40 4 1
10g  4f  c  29  0 x   y  
53 8 2 53 8 2
12g  8f  24  0
 1 1
 3g  2f  6  0  C   , .
 2 2
 3g  2g  6  0 Let the equation of the required circle be
g6 & f 6 x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 ..... (4)
 1 11   11  2c  1  0
Equation (1) passes through  , 
7 7   2c  10
2 2 c5
 1   11  1  11 
       2g    2f    c  0 Put the values of g, f, c values in (1)
7  7  7 7
 20   37 

1 121 2g 22f
   c0 (1)  x 2  y 2  2   x  2    y  5  0
49 49 7 7  7   14 
122 14g 154f 49c  7x 2  7y 2  40x  37y  35  0
    0
49 49 49 49  The equation of the required circle be
 14g  154f  49c  122  0..... (5) 7x 2  7y 2  40x  37y  35  0.
 (5)2  (5)2  2g(5)  2f (5)  c  0 20. Find the equation of the circle passes through
 25  25  10g  10f  c  0
x  y  2  0, 2x  3y  4  0, 3x  y  6  0.
 10g  10f  c  50  0 ..... (6)
Sol: C(4, 6)
 1 1
Equation (1) passes through   , 
 2 2
2 2
 1 1  1 1 (1) (3)
        2g     2f    c  0
 2 2  2 2
1 1
  gf c0 (2)
4 4 A(10,8) B(2,0)
1
 gf c0
2 Given lines,
 1  2g  2f  2c  0 x  y  2  0 ..... (1)
 2g  2f  2c  1  0..... (7) 2x  3y  4  0 ..... (2)
(5)  49(6)  14g  154f  49c  122  0 3x  y  6  0 ..... (3)
490g  490f  49c  2450  0 Solving (1) and (2), we get A
504g  336f  2328  0 x y 1
 24(21g  14f  97)  0 1 2 1 1
 21g  14f  97  0 ..... (8) 3 4 2 3
2(6)  (7)   20g  20f  2c  100  0 4  6 10 4  4 8
x   10 y  8
2g  2f  2c  1  0 3  2 1 3  2 1
 A(10,8).
 18g  18f  99  0
  2g  2f  11  0 ..... (9) x y 1
Solving (8) and (9) 3 4 2 3
g f 1
1 6 3 1
 14  97 21  14
18  4 14 12  12 0
2 11  2 2 x   2 y  0
2  9 7 2  9 7
154  194 40 20
g    B(2,0).
42  28 14 7
194  231 37
Solving (1) and (3)
f  x y 1
42  28 14
1 2 1 1
20 37
g and f   1 6 3 1
7 14
Put the values of g, f in (7) 6  2 8 6  6 12
x   4 y   6
(7)  2g  2f  2c  1  0 1  3 2 1  3 2
 20   37   C(4, 6).
 2    2     2c  1  0
 7   14  Let the equation of the required circle be
40 37 x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 ..... (4)
   2c  1  0
7 7 Equation (1) passes through (10,8)
 (10)2  (8)2  2g(10)  2f (8)  c  0 Given line : ax  by  c  0
 20g  16f  c  164  0 ..... (5)  ax  by  c
Equation (1) passes through (2,0) ax by
  1
c c
 (2)2  (0)2  2g(2)  2f (0)  c  0
x y
 4  0  4g  0f  c  0   1
 c  c
 4g  0f  c  4  0 ..... (6)  a   b 
   
Equation (1) passes through (4, 6)  c 
2 2 The straight line cuts the x-axis at A   ,0 
 (4)  (6)  2g(4)  2f (6)  c  0  a 
 16  36  8g  12f  c  0  c
and the y-axis at B  0,  
 8g  12f  c  52  0 ..... (7)  b 
(5)  (6)  20g  16f  c 164  0 AB subtends a right angle at O.
4g  0f  c  4  0 The circle with A,B as the ends of the
diameter is,
24g  16f  160  0 (x  x1 )(x  x 2 )  (y  y 1 )(y  y 2 )  0
 3g  2f  20  0 ..... (8)
 c  c
(6)  (7)   4g  0f  c  4  0   x   (x  0)  (y  0)  y    0
 a  b
8g  12f  c  52  0
c c
 x 2  x  y2  y  0
4g  12f  48  0 a b
 g  3f  12  0 ..... (9) abx 2  bcx  aby 2  acy
 0
Solving (8) and (9) ab
g f 1
 ab(x 2  y 2 )  c(bx  ay)  0.
2 20 3 2
3  12 1 3
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4M)
24  60 84 1. Find the equation of the circle passing
g   12
92 7 through (0,0) and making intercepts 4, 3 on
20  36 56 X-axis and Y-axis respectively.
f  8
92 7 Sol: Y
g  12 and f  8
(6)  4g  0f  c  4  0
 4(12)  c  4  0 3
 52  c  0
4
 c  52.
X
Put the values of g, f, c values in (1) O
(1)  x 2  y 2  2(12)x  2(8)y  52  0
 x 2  y 2  24x  16y  52  0 Let the equation of the required circle be
 The equation of the required circle be x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 ..... (1)
x 2  y 2  24x  16y  52  0. Equation (1) passes through (0,0)
c0
The intercept made by the circle on X-axis is
21. Find the equation of the circum-circle of the
triangle formed by the line ax  by  c  0 2 g2  c  4
(abc  0) and the coordinate axes.  4(g 2  c)  16
Sol: Y  g2  c  4
B  g2  4
 g  2
The intercept made by the circle on Y-axis is
X 2 f2 c 3
 4(f 2  c)  9 Sol: Y
9
f2 c
4
9
f2  6
4
3
f 
2
Put the values of g, f, c in (1)
O X
2 2  3 3 (3,0)
(1)  x  y  2(2)x  2    y  0
 2 Let the equation of the required circle be
 x 2  y 2  4x  3y  0. x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 ..... (1)
This meets the X-axis at (3,0)
2. Find the equation of the circle passing through (3,0) is a point on (1)
(0,0) and making intercepts 6, 4 on X-axis  (3)2  (0)2  2g(3)  2f (0)  c  0
and Y-axis respectively.
Y  6g  c  9  0
Sol:
 c  6g  9 ..... (2)
Given the circle touches the X-axis
 g2  c
4  g 2  6g  9 [ from (2) ]
6  g 2  6g  9  0
X  (g  3) 2  0
O
g 30
Let the equation of the required circle be  g  3
x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 ..... (1) (2)  c  6g  9
Equation (1) passes through (0,0)  c  6(3)  9
c0 c9
The intercept made by the circle on X-axis is Given that the intercept on Y-axis made by
(1) is 6
2 g2  c  6
2 f2 c 6
 4(g 2  c)  36
f2 c9
 g2  c  9
 g 2  9  g  3  f 2  9  9  18
The intercept made by the circle on Y-axis is  f  3 2
Put the values of g, f, c in (1)
2 f2 c  4
(1)  x 2  y2  2(3)x  2( 3 2 )y  9  0
 4(f 2  c)  16
 x 2  y2  6x  6 2y  9  0
f2 c 4
f2  4 4. If the abscissae of points A, B are the roots of
 f  2 the equation x2  2ax  b2  0 and ordinates of
Put the values of g, f, c in (1) A, B are roots of y 2  2py  q 2  0 then find
(1)  x 2  y 2  2(3)x  2(2)y  0
the equation of a circle for which AB is a
 x 2  y 2  6x  4y  0. diameter.
Sol: Let A(x1, y1 ), B(x 2 , y 2 )
3. Find the equation of the circle which touches x1 , x 2 are the roots of x 2  2ax  b2  0
the X-axis at a distance of 3 from the origin
and making intercept of length 6 on the  x1  x 2  2a, x1x 2  b 2
Y-axis. y1 , y 2 are the roots of y 2  2py  q 2  0
 y1  y 2  2p, y1y 2  q 2
The equation of the circle with AB as x 
2
 x   y 3 
2
diameter is,   1   4 1    1  3  0
(x  x1 )(x  x 2 )  (y  y1 )(y  y 2 )  0  2   2   2 
2
x2  y 3
 x 2  xx 2  x1x  x1x 2  y 2  yy 2  yy1  y1y 2  0  1  2x1   1  0
4  2 
 x 2  y 2  (x1  x 2 )x  (y1  y 2 )y  x1x 2  y1y 2  0
x 2 8x y 2  9  6y1
 x 2  y 2  (2a)x  (2p)y  b 2  q 2  0  1  1 1 0
4 4 4
 x 2  y 2  2ax  2py  (b 2  q 2 )  0.  x12  8x1  y12  9  6y1  0
Hence the locus of M is
5. Suppose a point (x1, y1 ) satisfies x 2  y 2  8x  6y  9  0, which is a circle.
2 2
x  y  2gx  2fy  c  0 then show that it
represents a circle whenever g, f, c are real.
Sol: In the given equation,
coefficient of x 2  coefficient of y 2 and
coefficient of xy  0.
The given equation represents a circle if
g 2  f 2  c  0.
Since (x1, y1 ) is a point on
x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0, we have
x12  y12  2gx1  2fy1  c  0
 x12  y12  2gx1  2fy1  c
Now,
g 2  f 2  c  g 2  f 2  x12  y12  2gx1  2fy1
 (x12  g 2  2gx1 )  (y12  f 2  2fy1 )
 (x1  g)2  (y1  f ) 2  0
g2  f 2  c  0
 x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 represents a
circle.
5. From the point A(0,3) on the circle

x 2  4x  (y  3) 2  0 a chord AB is drawn and
extended to a point M such that AM  2AB.
Find the equation of the locus of M.
Sol:
.
A
.B . M
Let M(x1, y1 )
Given that AM  2AB
 AB  BM  AB  AB
 AB  BM
 B is midpoint of AM
 x y 3
B 1, 1
 2 2 
B is a point on the given circle
NOTATIONS :
 S  x 2  y2  2gx  2fy  c
 S1  xx1  yy1  g(x  x1 )  f (y  y1 )  c
 S2  xx 2  yy2  g(x  x 2 )  f (y  y 2 )  c
 S11  x12  y12  2gx1  2fy1  c
 S12  x1x 2  y1y2  g(x1  x 2 )  f (y1  y 2 )  c
Position of a point w.r.to a circle :

A circle in a plane divides the plane into three regions, namely,
 The interior of the circle ( the region which contains the centre of the circle )
 The circular curve, i.e., the circle itself
 The exterior of the circle
Theorem : Let S  0 be a circle and P(x1 , y1 ) be any point in the plane of the circle. Then
 ‘P’ lies in the interior of the circle  S11  0
 ‘P’ lies on the circle  S11  0
 ‘P’ lies outside the circle  S11  0. tangent line
Tangent Line : P
Let ‘P’ be any point on a given circle and ‘Q’ be
Q2
neighbouring point of ‘P’ lying on the circle. If the secant line
PQ approaches the same limiting position, as Q moves along
the curve and approaches P from either sides, the limiting position Q1
of PQ is called the tangent line or tangent to the curve at P. Q
 lim ( secant line through P,Q )  tan gent line at P.
QP
‘P’ is called the point of contact of the tangent to the circle.
Note : If a line meets a circle in two coincident points, then it is a tangent to the circle at the point of
coincidence.
Q
Length of the tangent :
If the tangent drawn from an external point ‘P’ C
to the circle S  0 touches the circle at ‘Q’ then PQ is called
P
the length of the tangent from ‘P’ to the circle S  0.
Note : The length of the tangent drawn from an external point P(x1 , y1 ) to the circle S  0 is S11 .
Power of a point w.r.to a circle :

Let ‘C’ be the centre and ‘r’ be the radius of a circle and let ‘P’ be any point in its plane. Then
the power of the point ‘P’ w.r.to the circle is defined as CP2  r 2 . i.e., S11.
Note : The power of a point P(x1 , y1 ) w.r.to the circle S  0 is S11.
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Locate the position of a point (2, 4) with 2. Locate the position of a point (3,4) with
2 2
respect to the circle x  y  4x  6y  11  0. respect to the circle x 2  y 2  4x  6y  12  0.
Sol: Let S  x 2  y 2  4x  6y  11  0. Sol: Let S  x 2  y 2  4x  6y  12  0.
Given point : P(x1, y1 )  (2, 4); x1  2, y1  4 Given point : P(x1, y1 )  (3, 4); x1  3, y1  4
S11  x12  y12  4x1  6y1  11 S11  x12  y12  4x1  6y1  12
 (2)2  (4) 2  4(2)  6(4)  11  (3)2  (4)2  4(3)  6(4)  12
 4  16  8  24  11  1  0  9  16  12  24  12  23  0
S11  0 S11  0
 (2, 4) lies inside the circle.  (3,4) lies inside the circle.
3. Locate the position of a point (1,5) with 7. Find the power of (5, 6) w.r.to the circle
2 2
respect to the circle x  y  2x  4y  3  0. x 2  y 2  8x  12y  15  0.
Sol: Let S  x 2  y2  2x  4y  3  0. Sol: Let S  x 2  y2  8x  12y  15  0.
Given point : P(x1, y1 )  (1,5); x1  1, y1  5 Given point : P(x1, y1 )  (5, 6); x1  5, y1  6
S11  x12  y12  2x1  4y1  3 S11  x12  y12  8x1  12y1  15
 (1) 2  (5) 2  2(1)  4(5)  3  (5) 2  (6) 2  8(5)  12(6)  15
 1  25  2  20  3  25  36  40  72  15
70  44
S11  0  The power of (1, 2) w.r.to the given circle
 (1,5) lies outside the circle. is 44.
4. Locate the position of a point (2, 1) with 8. Find the power of (1,1) w.r.to the circle
respect to the circle x 2  y 2  2x  4y  3  0. x 2  y 2  6x  4y  12  0.
Sol: Let S  x 2  y2  2x  4y  3  0. Sol: Let S  x 2  y 2  6x  4y  12  0.
Given point : P(x1, y1 )  (2, 1); x1  2, y1  1 Given point : P(x1, y1 )  (1,1); x1  1, y1  1
S11  x12  y12  2x1  4y1  3 S11  x12  y12  6x1  4y1  12
 (2)2  (1) 2  2(2)  4( 1)  3  (1)2  (1)2  6(1)  4(1)  12
 4 1 4  4  3  1  1  6  4  12
80 0
S11  0  The power of (1, 2) w.r.to the given circle
 (2, 1) lies outside the circle. is 0.
5. Locate the position of a point (4, 2) with 9. Find the power of (2,3) w.r.to the circle
respect to the circle 2x 2  2y 2  5x  4y  3  0. x 2  y 2  2x  8y  23  0.
5 3 Sol: Let S  x 2  y2  2x  8y  23  0.
Sol: Let S  x 2  y2  x  2y   0.
2 2 Given point : P(x1, y1 )  (2,3); x1  2, y1  3
Given point : P(x1, y1 )  (4, 2); x1  4, y1  2 S11  x12  y12  2x1  8y1  23
5 3
S11  x12  y12  x1  2y1   (2) 2  (3) 2  2(2)  8(3)  23
2 2
5 3  4  9  4  24  23
 (4)2  (2)2  (4)  2(2) 
2 2  10
3  The power of (1, 2) w.r.to the given circle
 16  4  10  4 
2 is 10.
3 10. Find the power of (2, 4) w.r.to the circle
6
2 x 2  y 2  4x  6y  12  0.
12  3 9
  0 Sol: Let S  x 2  y 2  4x  6y  12  0.
2 2
S11  0 Given point : P(x1, y1 )  (2, 4); x1  2, y1  4
 (4, 2) lies outside the circle. S11  x12  y12  4x1  6y1  12
6. Find the power of (1, 2) w.r.to the circle  (2)2  (4) 2  4(2)  6(4)  12
x 2  y 2  6x  8y  96  0.  4  16  8  24  12
Sol: Let S  x 2  y2  6x  8y  96  0.  24
Given point : P(x1, y1 )  (1, 2); x1  1, y1  2  The power of (1, 2) w.r.to the given circle
S11  x12  y12  6x1  8y1  96 is 24.
11. Find the length of the tangent drawn from
 (1)2  (2)2  6(1)  8(2)  96
(1,3) to the circle x 2  y 2  2x  4y  11  0.
 1  4  6  16  96  69
Sol: Let S  x 2  y 2  2x  4y  11  0.
 The power of (1, 2) w.r.to the given circle
Given point : P(x1, y1 )  (1,3); x1  1, y1  3
is 69.
S11  x12  y12  2x1  4y1  11  S11  1
 (1) 2  (3) 2  2(1)  4(3)  11  x12  y12  2ky1  1

 1  9  2  12  11  (5)2  (4) 2  2k(4)  1
9  25  16  8k  1
Hence the required length of the tangent is  41  8k  1  0
S11  9  3.  8k  40
 k  5.
(2,5) to the circle x 2  y 2  5x  4y  5  0. 16. If the length of the tangent from (2,5) to the
Sol: Let S  x 2  y2  5x  4y  5  0. circle x 2  y 2  5x  4y  k  0 is 37 then
Given point : P(x1, y1 )  (2,5); x1  2, y1  5 find ‘k’.
S11  x12  y12  5x1  4y1  5 Sol: Let S  x 2  y 2  5x  4y  k  0
 (2)2  (5) 2  5(2)  4(5)  5
 4  25  10  20  5 Given length of the tangent is S11  37
 34  S11  37
Hence the required length of the tangent is  x12  y12  5x1  4y1  k  37
S11  34.
 (2) 2  (5) 2  5(2)  4(5)  k  37
 4  25  10  20  k  37  0
k20
(2,5) to the circle x 2  y 2  25  0.
 k  2.
Sol: Let S  x 2  y 2  25  0.
Given point : P(x1, y1 )  (2,5); x1  2, y1  5
S11  x12  y12  25
 (2)2  (5) 2  25
 4  25  25
4
Hence the required length of the tangent is
S11  4  2.

(0,0) to the circle x 2  y 2  14x  2y  25  0.
Sol: Let S  x 2  y 2  14x  2y  25  0.
S11  x12  y12  14x1  2y1  25
 25
Hence the required length of the tangent is
S11  25  5.
15. If the length of the tangent from (5, 4) to the

circle x 2  y 2  2ky  0 is 1 then find ‘k’.
Sol: Let S  x 2  y2  2ky  0
Given point : P(x1, y1 )  (5, 4); x1  5, y1  4
Given length of the tangent is S11  1
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. If a point ‘P’ is moving such that the lengths of tangents drawn from ‘P’ to the circles
x 2  y 2  4x  6y  12  0 and x 2  y 2  6x  18y  26  0 are in the ratio 2 : 3 then find the equation of
locus of ‘P’.
Sol: Let P(x 1 , y1 ) be a point on the locus
Let S  x 2  y2  4x  6y  12  0 and S1  x 2  y 2  6x  18y  26  0
Length of tangent from P to S  0 is S11  x12  y12  4x1  6y1  12
Length of tangent from P to S1  0 is S111  x12  y12  6x1  18y1  26

1
Given that S11 : S11  2:3
S 4
 11 
1
S11 9
1
 9S11  4S11
 9(x12  y12  4x1  6y1  12)  4(x12  y12  6x1  18y1  26)
 9x12  9y12  36x1  54y1  108  4x12  4y12  24x1  72y1  104  0
 5x12  5y12  60x1  126y1  212  0
 The equation of locus of ‘P’ is 5x 2  5y 2  60x  126y  212  0.
x 2  y 2  2x  4y  20  0 and x 2  y 2  2x  8y  1  0 are in the ratio 2 :1 then show that the equation of
locus of ‘P’ is x 2  y 2  2x  12y  8  0.
Let S  x 2  y 2  2x  4y  20  0 and S1  x 2  y 2  2x  8y  1  0
Length of tangent from P to S  0 is S11  x12  y12  2x1  4y1  20
Length of tangent from P to S1  0 is S111  x12  y12  2x1  8y1  1

1
Given that S11 : S11  2 :1
S 4
 11 
1
S11 1
1
 S11  4S11
 x12  y12  2x1  4y1  20  4(x12  y12  2x1  8y1  1)
 x12  y12  2x1  4y1  20  4x12  4y12  8x1  32y1  4
 4x12  4y12  8x1  32y1  4  x12  y12  2x1  4y1  20  0
 3x12  3y12  6x1  36y1  24  0
 x12  y12  2x1  12y1  8  0.
 The equation of locus of ‘P’ is x 2  y 2  2x  12y  8  0.
x 2  y 2  8x  12y  15  0 and x 2  y 2  4x  6y  12  0 are equal then find the equation of locus of ‘P’.
Let S  x 2  y2  8x  12y  15  0 and S1  x 2  y 2  4x  6y  12  0
Length of tangent from P to S  0 is S11  x12  y12  8x1  12y1  15
Length of tangent from P to S1  0 is S111  x12  y12  4x1  6y1  12

Given that S11  S111
1
 S11  S11
 x12  y12  8x1  12y1  15  x12  y12  4x1  6y1  12
 8x1  12y1  15  4x1  6y1  12  0
 12x1  18y1  27  0
 4x1  6y1  9  0
 The equation of locus of ‘P’ is 4x  6y  9  0.
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Find the equation of tangent to the circle 1 1
g ; f  ; c  24
x 2  y 2  6x  4y  12  0 at (1,1). 2 2
P(x1, y1 )  (3, 4) ; x1  3 ; y1  4
Sol: Let S  x 2  y2  6x  4y  12  0
The equation of normal at P is,
P(x1, y1 )  ( 1,1); x1  1 ; y1  1
(y1  f )(x  x1 )  (x1  g)(y  y1 )
The equation of tangent at P is S1  0
 1  1
 x  x1   y  y1    4   (x  3)   3   (y  4)
 xx1  yy1  6    4   12  0  2  2
 2   2 
7 7
 x(1)  y(1)  3(x  1)  2(y  1)  12  0   (x  3)  (y  4)
2 2
  x  y  3x  3  2y  2  12  0   x  3  y  4  x  y  1  0.
 4x  3y  7  0 6. Find the equation of normal at P(3,5) of the
 4x  3y  7  0. circle x 2  y 2  10x  2y  6  0.
2. Find the equation of tangent to the circle
Sol: Let s  x 2  y 2  10x  2y  6  0.
x 2  y 2  6x  4y  12  0 at (7, 5).
g  5 ; f  1 ; c  6
Sol: Let S  x 2  y2  6x  4y  12  0 P(x1, y1 )  (3,5) ; x1  3 ; y1  5
P(x1, y1 )  (7, 5) ; x1  7 ; y1  5 The equation of normal at P is,
The equation of tangent at P is S1  0 (y1  f )(x  x1 )  (x1  g)(y  y1 )
 x  x1   y  y1   (5  1)(x  3)  (3  5)(y  5)
 xx1  yy1  6    4   12  0
 2   2   4(x  3)  2(y  5)
 x(7)  y( 5)  3(x  7)  2(y  5)  12  0  4x  12  2y  10
 7x  5y  3x  21  2y  10  12  0  4x  2y  22  0
 4x  3y  43  0  2x  y  11  0.
3. Find the equation of tangent to the circle 7. Find the equation of normal at P(1,2) of the
x 2  y 2  4x  6y  39  0 at (6, 9). circle x 2  y2  22x  4y  25  0.
Sol: Let S  x 2  y 2  4x  6y  39  0 Sol: Let s  x 2  y 2  22x  4y  25  0.
P(x1, y1 )  (6, 9) ; x1  6 ; y1  9 g  11 ; f  2 ; c  25
The equation of tangent at P is S1  0 P(x1, y1 )  (1, 2) ; x1  1 ; y1  2
 x  x1   y  y1  The equation of normal at P is,
 xx1  yy1  4    6   39  0
 2   2  (y1  f )(x  x1 )  (x1  g)(y  y1 )
 x(6)  y(9)  2(x  6)  3(y  9)  39  0  (2  2)(x  1)  (1  11)(y  2)
 6x  9y  2x  12  3y  27  39  0  0  10(y  2)
 4x  6y  78  0  y  2  0.
 2x  3y  39  0 8. Find the equation of normal at P(1,3) of the
4. Find the equation of tangent to the circle circle 3(x 2  y 2 )  19x  29y  76  0.
x 2  y 2  4x  6y  11  0 at (3,4). 19 29 76
Sol: Let s  x 2  y2  x y  0.
2 2
Sol: Let S  x  y  4x  6y  11  0 3 3 3
P(x1, y1 )  (3, 4) ; x1  3 ; y1  4 19 29 76
g ; f  ; c
The equation of tangent at P is S1  0 6 6 3
P(x1, y1 )  (1,3) ; x1  1 ; y1  3
 x  x1   y  y1 
 xx1  yy1  4    6   11  0 The equation of normal at P is,
 2   2  (y1  f )(x  x1 )  (x1  g)(y  y1 )
 x(3)  y(4)  2(x  3)  3(y  4)  11  0
 3x  4y  2x  6  3y  12  11  0  29   19 
  3   (x  1)  1   (y  3)
 x  y  7  0.  6   6
5. Find the equation of normal at P(3, 4) of the 11 13
  (x  1)   (y  3)
circle x 2  y2  x  y  24  0. 6 6
 11(x  1)  13(y  3)  11x  11  13y  39
Sol: Let s  x 2  y2  x  y  24  0.
 11x  13y  28  0.
9. Show that the line lx  my  n  0 is a normal to the circle S  0 if and only if gl  mf  n.
Sol: The straight line lx  my  n  0 is normal to the circle S  x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0
 if the centre (g, f ) of the circle lies on lx  my  n  0 .
 l (g)  m(f )  n  0
 l g mf  n  0
 l g mf  n.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS ( 4 MARKS )
1. Find the equation of tangent and normal at (3,2) of the circle x 2  y 2  x  3y  4  0.
Sol: Let S  x 2  y 2  x  3y  4  0
P(x1, y1 )  (3, 2) ; x1  3, y1  2
 x  x1   y  y1 
 xx1  yy1     3 40
 2   2  tangent at P
 x 3  y2 P(2,3)
 x(3)  y(2)     3 40
 2   2 
 6x  4y  x  3  3y  6  8  0
 5x  y  17  0
Slope of tangent is 5
1
Slope of the normal is m 
5 Normal at P
 Equation of normal is, y  y1  m(x  x1 )
1
 y  2  (x  3)
5
 5y  10  x  3
 x  5y  7  0.
2. Find the equation of tangent and normal at (1,1) to the circle 2x 2  2y 2  2x  5y  3  0.
5 3
Sol: Let S  2x 2  2y2  2x  5y  3  0  S  x 2  y2  x  y   0.
2 2
P(x1, y1 )  (1,1) ; x1  1, y1  1
 x  x1  5  y  y1  3
 xx1  yy1      0
 2  2 2  2
 x 1 5 3
 x(1)  y(1)     (y  1)   0
 2  4 2
1 1 3
 x  y  (x  1)  (5y  5)   0
2 4 2
 4x  4y  2(x  1)  (5y  5)  6  0
 4x  4y  2x  2  5y  5  6  0
 2x  y  1  0
Slope of the tangent is 2
1
Slope of the normal is m  
2
 Equation of normal is, y  y1  m(x  x1 )  0
1
 y  1   (x  1)
2
 2y  2   x  1
 2y  2  x  1  0
 x  2y  3  0.
3. Find the equation of tangents of the circle x 2  y2  10  0 at the points whose abscissa are 1.
Sol: Let S  x 2  y 2  10  0
Let a point on S  0 having abscissa ‘1’ be (1, y)
(1, y) lies on S  0
 1  y 2  10  0
 y2  9
 y  3.
 The required points are (1,3) ; (1, 3).
Case : (i) :  At (1,3) Case : (ii) :  At (1, 3)
Equation of tangent at (1,3) is S1  0 Equation of tangent at (1,3) is S1  0
 xx1  yy1  10  0  xx1  yy1  10  0
 x(1)  y(3)  10  0  x(1)  y(3)  10  0
 x  3y  10  0  x  3y  10  0
4. Find the equations of tangents of the circle x 2  y 2  8x  2y  12  0 at the points whose ordinates are 1.
Sol: Let S  x 2  y 2  8x  2y  12  0
Let a point on S  0 having ordinate ‘1’ be (x,1)
(x,1) lies on S  0
 x 2  1  8x  2  12  0
 x 2  8x  11  0 ; a  1 , b  8 , c  11
b  b 2  4ac
x
2a
8  64  4(1)(11)
x
2(1)
8  64  44
x
2
82 5
x
2
 x  4  5.
 The required points are (4  5,1), (4  5,1)
Case : (i) :  At (4  5,1) Case : (ii) :  At (4  5,1)
Equation of tangent at (4  5,1) is S1  0 Equation of tangent at (4  5,1) is S1  0
 x  x1   y  y1   x  x1   y  y1 
 xx1  yy1  8    2   12  0  xx1  yy1  8    2   12  0
 2   2   2   2 
 x(4  5)  y(1)  4(x  4  5)  (y  1)  12  0  x(4  5)  y(1)  4(x  4  5)  (y  1)  12  0
 4x  5x  y  4x  16  4 5  y  1  12  0  4x  5x  y  4x  16  4 5  y  1  12  0
 5x  4 5  5  0  5(x  4  5)  0   5x  4 5  5  0   5(x  4  5)  0
 x 4 5 0  x  4 5  x4 5 0  x 4 5
5. Find the length of the chord intercepted by the circle x 2  y2  x  3y  22  0 on the line y  x  3.
Sol: Equation of the given circle is, x 2  y2  x  3y  22  0
1 3
g , f  , c  22
2 2
1 3
Centre : C(g, f )   ,  
2 2
Radius : r  g2  f 2  c 1 3
d  the perpendicular dis tan ce from  ,   to x  y  3  0
2 2
1 9
r   22 ax  by1  c 1 3
4 4  1 ; a  1, b  1, c  3, x1  , y1  
2
a b 2 2 2
1  9  88
r
4 1 3
 3
2 2 1
r
98

49  
4 2 11 2
1
 r2 
49 d2 
2 2
 Length of the chord  2 r 2  d 2

r
.1 3
C , 
2 2
d
49 1
2 
2 2 A B
48
2
2
 2 46
 4 6.
6. Find the length of the chord intercepted by the circle x 2  y 2  8x  2y  8  0 on the line x  y  1  0.
Sol: Equation of the given circle is, x 2  y 2  8x  2y  8  0
g  4 , f  1 , c  8 d  the perpendicular dis tan ce from (4,1) to x  y  1  0
Centre : C(g, f )  (4,1)
ax1  by1  c
 ; a  1, b  1, c  1, x1  4, y1  1
Radius : r  g  f  c
2 2
a 2  b2
 r  16  1  8 4 11 6
 
 r  25 11 2
r 5 36
d2   18
 r 2  25 2

 2 25  18  2 7
7. Find the length of the chord intercepted by the circle x 2  y2  a 2 on the line x cos   ysin   p.
Sol: Equation of the given circle is, x 2  y2  a 2
Centre : C(0,0) ; radius : r  a
.
d  the perpendicular dis tan ce from (0,0) to x cos   ysin   p  0
ax1  by1  c
 ; a  cos , b  sin , c  p, x1  0, y1  0
a 2  b2
p
  p  d 2  p2
2 2
cos   sin 
 Length of the chord  2 r 2  d2  2 r 2  p2 .
8. Find the length of the chord intercepted by the circle x 2  y 2  8x  4y  16  0 on the line 3x  y  4  0.
Sol: Equation of the given circle is, x 2  y 2  8x  4y  16  0
g  4 , f  2 , c  16 d  the perpendicular dis tan ce from ( 4, 2) to 3x  y  4  0
Centre : C(g, f )  (4,2) ax1  by1  c
 ; a  3, b  1, c  4, x1  4, y1  2
2 2
Radius : r  g  f  c
2 2 a b
12  2  4 10
 
9 1 10
100
d2   10
10
 r  16  4  16
 r  36
r6
 r 2  36
 2 36  10  2 26.
x y
9. If x 2  y2  c2 and   1 intersect at A and B then find AB. Hence deduce the condition that the line
touches the circle.
a b
.
Sol: Equation of the given circle is x 2  y2  c2
Centre : C(0,0) ; radius : r  c
x y
Given line is   1  bx  ay  ab  0
a b
d  the perpendicular dis tan ce from (0,0) to bx  ay  ab  0
ax1  by1  c 2 r 2  d2
 ; a  b, b  a, c  ab, x1  0, y1  0
a 2  b2 A B
ab a 2b2
  d2 
a 2  b2 a 2  b2
a 2 b2
Length of the chord  2 r 2  d 2  2 c2 
a 2  b2
If the line touches the circle then r  d
 r2  d2
a 2 b2
 c2 
a 2  b2
1 a 2  b2
 
c2 a 2b2
1 a2 b2
  
c2 a 2b2 a 2 b2
1 1 1
   , which is the required condition.
2 2
c a b2
10. The line y  mx  c and the circle x 2  y2  a 2 intersects at A and B.
If AB  2 then show that c2  (1  m2 )(a 2   2 ).
Sol: Equation of the given circle is, x 2  y2  a 2
Centre : C(0,0) ; radius : r  a
Given line is mx  y  c  0
AB  2
d  the perpendicular dis tan ce from (0,0) to mx  y  c  0
A B
ax1  by1  c
 ; a  m, b  1, c  c, x1  0, y1  0
a 2  b2
c c2
  d2 
m2  1 (1  m 2 )
 Length of the chord is 2 r 2  d 2  2

 r2  d2  2  d2  r2  2
c2
  (a 2   2 )  c2  (1  m 2 )(a 2   2 ).
2
(1  m )
11. Find the equation of the circle with centre (2,3) cutting a chord of length 2 units on 3x  4y  4  0.
Sol: Given centre of the circle is C(2,3)
Let ‘r’ be the radius of the required circle.
d  the perpendicular dis tan ce from (2,3) to 3x  4y  4  0
ax1  by1  c
 ; a  3, b  4, c  4, x1  2, y1  3
a 2  b2
6  12  4 10
  2
9  16 5
2
d 4
Length of the chord is 2 r 2  d 2  2
 r2  d2  1
 r2  1  d2
 r2  1  4
 r2  5
 Equation of the required circle is (x  h) 2  (y  k) 2  r 2
 (x  2)2  (y  3) 2  5
 x 2  4  4x  y 2  9  6y  5  0
 x 2  y2  4x  6y  8  0.
12. Show that the line 5x  12y  4  0 touches the circle x 2  y 2  6x  4y  12  0.
Sol: Equation of the given circle is x 2  y 2  6x  4y  12  0.
g  3 , f  2 , c  12
Centre : C(g, f )  (3, 2)
Radius : r  g2  f 2  c
 9  4  12
r 1
d  the perpendicular dis tan ce from (3, 2) to 5x  12y  4  0
ax1  by1  c
 ; a  5, b  12, c  4, x1  3, y1  2
a 2  b2
15  24  4

25  144
13

13
d 1
 r  d  1 ; the given line touches the given circle.
13. If 4x  3y  7  0 is a tangent to the circle x 2  y 2  6x  4y  12  0 then find its point of contact.
Sol: Equation of the given circle is x 2  y 2  6x  4y  12  0
g  3 , f  2 , c  12
centre: C(g, f )  (3, 2)
Let Q(h, k) be the point of contact.
h  x1 k  y1
a

b
 1
(ax  by1  c)
a 2  b2
; x1  3, y1  2 , a  4, b  3, c  7 .
C(3, 2)
h 3 k 2 (12  6  7) 4x  3y  7  0
  
4 3 16  9 Q(h, k)
h 3 k 2 25
  
4 3 25
h 3 k2
  1 ;  1
4 3
 h  3  4 ; k 23
 h  4  3 ; k 32
 h  1 ; k 1
 Point of contact is (1,1).
14. Show that x  y  1  0 touches the circle x 2  y 2  3x  7y  14  0 and find its point of contact.
Sol: Equation of the given circle is x 2  y 2  3x  7y  14  0
3 7
g   , f  , c  14
2 2 3 7
3 7 d  perpendicular distance from  ,   to x  y  1  0
Centre:C(h, k)   ,   2 2
2 2 ax  by1  c 3 7
 1 ; a  1, b  1, c  1, x1  , y1  
Radius : r  g2  f 2  c a 2  b2 2 2
9 49 3 7
   14  1
4 4 2 2

9  49  56 11

4 1

2 2

4 1
d
1 2

2 1
rd ; The given line touches the given circle.
1 2
Radius : r  .
2
Point of contact :
h  x1 k  y1 (ax  by1  c) 3 7
  1 ; x1  , y1   , a  1, b  1, c  1
2 2
a b a b 2 2
3 7 3 7 
h k  2  2  1
 2  2  
1 1 11
3 7 1
h k 
2 2 2
3 1 7 1
h  ; k 
2 2 2 2
3 1 7 1
h  ; k 
2 2 2 2
h2 ; k  3
 The point of contact is Q(h,k)  (2, 3).
15. Find the equation of the circle with centre (2,3) and touching the line 3x  4y  1  0.
Sol: Given centre of the circle is (2,3)
Given line is 3x  4y  1  0.
If the given line touches the given circle then r  d
r  perpendicular distance from (2,3) to the line 3x  4y  1  0
ax1  by1  c
 ; a  3, b  4, c  1, x1  2, y1  3
a 2  b2
6  12  1
 1
9  16
r 1
 (x  2)2  (y  3)2  1
 x 2  4  4x  y 2  9  6y  1  0
 x 2  y2  4x  6y  12  0.
16. Find the equation of the circle with centre (3, 4) and touching Y-axis.
Sol: Given centre of the circle is C(h,k)  (3,4) ; h  3, y  4.
Radius of the circle is r  3
2 2 2
r  3 .
C
 (x  3)  (y  4)  (3)
 x 2  9  6x  y 2  16  8y  9  0
 x 2  y2  6x  8y  16  0.
17. Prove that the tangent at (3, 2) of the circle x 2  y 2  13 touches the circle x 2  y 2  2x  10y  26  0 and
find its point of contact.
Sol: Equation of tangent at (3, 2) to the circle x 2  y 2  13 is
S1  0
 xx1  yy1  13  0
 x(3)  y(2)  13  0
 3x  2y  13  0. .
C(1,5)
For the circle x 2  y 2  2x  10y  26  0 , r d

S1  0 3x  2y  13  0
g  1, f  5, c  26 .
P(3, 2)
.
centre :C(g, f )  (1,5) Q(h, k)
 1  25  26  52
r  2 13
d  perpendicular dis tan ce from (1,5) to 3x  2y  13  0
ax1  by1  c
 ; a  3, b  2, c  13, x1  1, y1  5
a 2  b2
3  10  13 2( 13)( 13)
 
94 13
d  2 13
 The line 3x  2y  13  0 touches the circle x 2  y 2  2x  10y  26  0.
Point of contact :-
h  x1 k  y1 (ax  by1  c)
  1 ; x1  1, y1  5 , a  3, b  2, c  13
a b a 2  b2
h 1 k  5 (3  10  13)
  
3 2 94
h  1 k  5 26
  
3 2 13
h 1 k 5
 2 ; 2
3 2
 h 1  6 ; k  5  4
 h  6 1 ; k 54
h 5 ; k 1
 Point of contact is (5,1).
18. Show that the tangent at (1,2) to the circle x 2  y2  4x  8y  7  0 touches the circle
x 2  y 2  4x  6y  0 and find the point of contact.
Sol: Equation of tangent at (1,2) to the circle x 2  y2  4x  8y  7  0 is
S1  0
 x  x1   y  y1 
 xx1  yy1  4    8 70
 2   2 
 x(1)  y(2)  2(x  1)  4(y  2)  7  0 .
C(2, 3)
  x  2y  2x  2  4y  8  7  0 r d
 3x  2y  1  0 . S1  0
. 3x  2y  1  0
 3x  2y  1  0. P(1, 2) Q(h, k)
2 2
For the circle x  y  4x  6y  0 ,
g  2, f  3, c  0
centre :C(g, f )  (2, 3)
 49
r  13
d  perpendicular dis tan ce from ( 2, 3) to 3x  2y  1  0
ax1  by1  c
 ; a  3, b  2, c  1, x1  2, y1  3
a 2  b2
6  6  3 ( 13)( 13)
 
49 13
d  13
 The line 3x  2y  1  0 touches the circle x 2  y 2  4x  6y  0
Point of contact :-
h  x1 k  y1 (ax  by1  c)
  1 ; x1  2, y1  3 , a  3, b  2, c  1
a b a 2  b2
h 2 k 3 (6  6  1)
  
3 2 94
h23 ; k32
h  2 k  3 13
    h  3 2 ; k  23
3 2 13
h2 k 3  h 1 ; k  1
 1 ; 1  Point of contact is (1, 1).
3 2
19. Find the area of the triangle formed by the tangent at P(x1 , y1 ) to the circle x 2  y2  a 2 with the
coordinate axes where x i yi  0. Y
Sol: The equation of tangent at P(x1 , y1 ) to the circle x 2  y 2  a 2  0 is S1  0
2
.P(x , y )
1 1
 xx1  yy1  a  0 .... (1) S1  0
 Required area of the triangle is, X
2 4 O
c a
 sq.units
2 ab 2 x1y1
20. Find the area of the triangle formed by the normal at (3, 4) to the circle x 2  y2  22x  4y  25  0
with the coordinate axes.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y2  22x  4y  25  0
g  11, f  2, c  25
Given point : P(x1, y1 )  (3, 4) ; x1  3, y1  4
Equation of normal at ‘P’ is
(x  x1 )(y1  f )  (y  y1 )(x1  g)
 (x  3)(4  2)  (y  4)(3  11)
 6(x  3)  8(y  4)
 3(x  3)  4(y  4)
 3x  9  4y  16
 3x  4y  25  0
 The area of the triangle is,
c2 625 625
  sq. units
2 ab 2 3(4) 24
21. Find the equation of the normal to the circle x 2  y 2  4x  6y  11  0 at (3,2). Also find the other point
where it meets the circle.
Sol: Equation of the given circle is x 2  y 2  4x  6y  11  0
g  2, f  3, c  11
Centre of the circle is C(g, f )  (2,3)
Given point : A(x1, y1 )  (3, 2) ; x1  3, y1  2
The equation of normal at ‘A’ is
(x  x1 )(y1  f )  (y  y1 )(x1  g)
 (x  3)(2  3)  (y  2)(3  2)
 1(x  3)  1(y  2)
 x  3  y  2
 x  y  5  0.
Let the normal at A meets the circle again at B(, ).
Now, centre(C)  midpoint of AB
 3 2
(2,3)   , 
 2 2 
3 2
 2 3
2 2
 3 4 2  6
  1 4
 B(, )  (1, 4)
Hence the normal at (3, 2) meets the circle at (1, 4).
22. Find the equations of tangents to the circle x 2  y2  4x  6y 12  0 which are parallel to x  y  8  0.
Sol: Equation of the given circle is x 2  y2  4x  6y 12  0 x  y 8  0
g  2, f  3, c  12, r  4  9  12  5
Given line is x  y  8  0 , slope  1
Slope of the required tangents is m  1.
 The equations of the required tangents are
y  f  m(x  g)  r 1  m 2
 y  3  1(x  2)  5 1  1
 y  3  x  2  5 2
m  1
 x  y  (1  5 2)  0.
23. Find the equations of tangents to the circle x 2  y2  4x  6y 12  0 which are parallel to x  2y  8  0.
Sol: Equation of the given circle is x 2  y2  4x  6y 12  0
g  2, f  3, c  12, r  4  9  12  5
1
Given line is x  2y  8  0 , slope  
2
1
Slope of the required tangents is m   .
2
 The equations of the required tangents are
y  f  m(x  g)  r 1  m 2
1 1
 y  3   (x  2)  5 1 
2 4
(x  2) 5 5
 y3 
2 2
 2(y  3)   x  2  5 5
 2y  6  x  2  5 5  0
 x  2y  (4  5 5)  0.
24. Find the equations of the tangents to x 2  y2  2x  4y  0 at (3, 1). Also find the equation of tangent
parallel to it.
Sol: Equation of the given circle is x 2  y2  2x  4y  0
g  1, f  2, c  0, r  1  4  5
Given point : P(x1, y1)  (3, 1); x1  3, y1  1
The equation of tangent at ‘P’ is S1  0
 x  x1   y  y1 
 xx1  yy1  2    4 0
 2   2 
 x(3)  y(1)  (x  3)  2(y  1)  0
 3x  y  x  3  2y  2  0
 y  2  2x  2  5  0
 2x  y  5  0
 2x  y  5  0
Slope of the required tangents is m  2.
 The equations of the required tangents are One of these equations 2x  y  5  0 is the
tangent at (3, 1).
y  f  m(x  g)  r 1  m 2  The tangent parallel to 2x  y  5  0 is
 y  2  2(x  1)  5 5 2x  y  5  0.
25. Find the equations of tangents to the circle x 2  y2  2x  2y  3  0 which are perpendicular to
3x  y  4  0.
Sol: Given circle is x 2  y2  2x  2y  3  0 3x  y  4  0
g  1, f  1, c  3, r  1  1  3  5
Given line is 3x  y  4  0 , slope  3
1
Slope of the required tangent is m  
3 1
 The equations of the required tangents are m
3
y  f  m(x  g)  r 1  m 2
1 1
 y  1   (x  1)  5 1 
3 9
(x  1) 10
 y 1   5
3 3
 3y  3   x  1  5 2
 x  3y  2  5 2  0.
26. Find the equation of tangents to the circle x 2  y2  4x  6y  3  0 which makes an angle 45 with x-axis.
Sol: Given circle is x 2  y2  4x  6y  3  0
g  2 ; f  3 ; c  3 ; r  4  9  3  10
Slope of the required tangent is m  tan 45  1
 Equations of the required tangents are
y  f  m(x  g)  r 1  m 2
 y  3  1(x  2)  10 2
 y3  x 2 2 5
 x  y 1 2 5  0
27. Find the equations of circles which touch 2x  3y  1  0 at (1,1) and having radius 13.
2
Sol: Given line is 2x  3y  1  0 ; slope is
3
3
Slope of its perpendicular is m  
2
3 2x  3y  1  0
 tan    ,  Q 2
2
3 2 13 13
 sin   ; cos    * *
13 13
Given point : (x1 , y1 )  (1,1) ; x1  1 ; y1  1
Radius r  13
 The centres of the required circles are given by
 x1  r cos , y1  r sin  
  2   3 
 1  13    ,1  13  
  13   13  
 [1  (2),1  3]
 (1, 4) & (3, 2)
Case (i) : Case (ii) :
Centre : C(h, k)  (1, 4); h  1 ; k  4 Centre : C(h, k)  (3, 2); h  3 ; k  2
Radius r  13 Radius r  13
 The equation of the required circle is,  The equation of the required circle is,
(x  h) 2  (y  k) 2  r 2 (x  h) 2  (y  k) 2  r 2
 (x  1) 2  (y  4) 2  13  (x  3) 2  (y  2) 2  13
 x 2  1  2x  y 2  16  8y  13  0  x 2  9  6x  y 2  4  4y  13  0
 x 2  y 2  2x  8y  4  0  x 2  y 2  6x  4y  0
 The equations of the required circles are x 2  y2  2x  8y  4  0 and x 2  y2  6x  4y  0
28. If 1[i.e.,(g  r cos 1 , f  r sin 1 ), where 'r ' is the radius of the circle] and
2 [i.e.,(g  r cos 2 , f  r sin 2 )] are two points on the circle x 2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0 then the
         
equation of the chord joining these points is (x  g) cos  1 2   (y  f ) sin  1 2   r cos  1 2  .
 2   2   2 
Sol: Let A  (g  r cos 1 , f  r sin 1 ) and B  (g  r cos 2 , f  r sin 2 )
x1 y1 x2 y2
 The equation of the chord AB is,

y2  y1
y  y1  (x  x1 )
x 2  x1
f  r sin 2  f  r sin 1
 y  f  r sin 1  (x  g  r cos 1 )
g  r cos 2  g  r cos 1
r(sin 2  sin 1 )
 y  f  r sin 1  (x  g  r cos 1 )
r(cos 2  cos 1 )
   1   2  1 
2 cos  2
2   2 
sin
 y  f  r sin 1   (x  g  r cos 1 )
 2  1   2  1 
2sin   sin  
 2   2 
   1     1     1     1 
 (y  f ) sin  2   r sin 1 sin  2   (x  g) cos  2   r cos 1 cos  2 
 2   2   2   2 
  1     1     1     1 
 (x  g) cos  2   (y  f ) sin  2   r cos 1 cos  2   r sin 1 sin  2 
 2   2   2   2 
  1     1      1     1  
 (x  g) cos  2   (y  f ) sin  2   r cos 1 cos  2   sin 1 sin  2 
 2   2    2   2 
  1     1      1  
 (x  g) cos  2  (y  f ) sin  2  r cos  1  2
 2  
 2 

  2  
  1     1     2 
 (x  g) cos  2   (y  f ) sin  2   r cos  1 
 2   2   2 
1. Find the angle between the tangents drawn from (3, 2) to the circle x 2  y2  6x  4y  2  0.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y2  6x  4y  2  0.
Comparing with x 2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0, we get g  3, f  2, c  2
Radius : r  g 2  f 2  c  9  4  2  15
Given point : P(x1 , y1 )  (3, 2); x1  3, y1  2.
S11  (3)2  (2) 2  6(3)  4(2)  2  1
 r
If '  ' be the angle between the tangents then tan 
2 S11
 15
 tan   15
2 1

1  tan 2
We have, cos   2  1  15  7
 1  15 8
1  tan 2
2
7
 The angle between the tangents is   cos 1   .
8
2. Find the angle between the tangents drawn from (1,3) to the circle x 2  y2  2x  4y  11  0.
Comparing with x 2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0, we get g  1, f  2, c  11
Radius : r  g 2  f 2  c  1  4  11  16  4
Given point : P(x1 , y1 )  (1,3); x1  1, y1  3.
S11  (1) 2  (3) 2  2(1)  4(3)  11  9
 r
2 S11
 4 4
 tan  
2 9 3
 16
1  tan 2 1
We have, cos   2  9  7
 16 25
1  tan 2 1
2 9
 7 
 The angle between the tangents is   cos 1   .
 25 
3. Find the angle between the pair of tangents drawn from (0, 0) to the circle x 2  y2  14x  2y  25  0.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y2  14x  2y  25  0.
Comparing with x 2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0, we get g  7, f 1, c  25
Radius : r  g 2  f 2  c  49  1  25  25  5
S11  25
 r
2 S11
 5
 tan   1    90.
2 25
 The angle between the tangents is   90.
4. Find the condition that the tangents drawn from the exterior point (g, f ) to S  x 2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0
are perpendicular to each other.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is S  x 2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0
Comparing with x 2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0, we get g  g, f  f , c  c
Radius : r  g 2  f 2  c
Given point : P(x1 , y1 )  (g,f ); x1  g, y1  f.

Given  
2
S11  g  f 2  2g 2  2f 2  c  3g 2  3f 2  c
2
 r
2 S11
g2  f 2  c
1
3g 2  3f 2  c
 3g 2  3f 2  c  g 2  f 2  c
 3g 2  3f 2  c  g 2  f 2  c  0
 2g 2  2f 2  2c  0.
Which is the required condition.
5. Find the condition that the tangents drawn from the point (0, 0) to S  x 2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0 be
perpendicular to each other.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is S  x 2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0
Comparing with x 2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0, we get g  g, f  f , c  c
Radius : r  g 2  f 2  c

Given  
2
S11  c
 r
2 S11
g2  f 2  c
1
c
 c  g f2 c 2
 c  g2  f 2  c  0
 g 2  f 2  2c.
Which is the required condition.
6. Find the locus of ‘P’, if the tangents are drawn from ‘P’ to x 2  y2  a 2 are perpendicular to each other.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y2  a 2
Let P(x1 , y1 ) be a point on the locus.
S11  x12  y12  a 2 ; r  a.
 r
2 S11
a
1
x12  y12  a 2
 x12  y12  a 2  a 2
 x12  y12  2a 2
 The equation of locus of ‘P’ is x 2  y2  2a 2 .
7. Find the locus of ‘P’ if the tangents drawn from ‘P’ to x 2  y2  a 2 include an angle .
S11  x12  y12  a 2 ; r  a.
 r
2 S11
 a
 tan 
2 x12  y12  a 2
 x12  y12  a 2
 cot 
2 a

 a 2 cot 2  x12  y12  a 2
2

 x12  y12  a 2 (1  cot 2 )
2

 x12  y12  a 2 cos ec 2
2

 The equation of locus of ‘P’ is x 2  y 2  a 2 cos ec2 .
2
8. Find the chord of contact of (0,5) w.r.to the circle x 2  y2  5x  4y  2  0.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is S  x 2  y2  5x  4y  2  0.
Equation of the chord of contact of ‘P’ is S1  0
 x  x1   y  y1 
 xx1  yy1  5    4 20
 2   2 
5
 x(0)  y(5)  (x)  2(y  5)  2  0
2
 10y  5x  4y  20  4  0
 5x  14y  16  0.
9. Find the chord of contact of (2,5) w.r.to the circle x 2  y2  5x  4y  2  0.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is S  x 2  y2  5x  4y  2  0.
Equation of the chord of contact of ‘P’ is S1  0
 x  x1   y  y1 
 xx1  yy1  5    4 20
 2   2 
5
 x(2)  y(5)  (x  2)  2(y  5)  2  0
2
 4x  10y  5x  10  4y  20  4  0
 x  14y  6  0.
10. Find the chord of contact of (1,1) to the circle x 2  y2  9.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y2  9.
S11  1  1  9  7  0
Since (1,1) lies inside the circle then the chord of contact of P does not exist.
11. Find the polar of (1, 2) w.r.to x 2  y2  7.

Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y2  7
Given point : P(x1 , y1 )  (1, 2); x1  1, y1  2.
Equation of polar of ‘P’ is S1  0
 xx1  yy1  7  0
 x  2y  7  0.
12. Find the polar of (3, 1) w.r.to 2x 2  2y2  11.

11
Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y 2  .
2
Given point : P(x1 , y1 )  (3, 1); x1  3, y1  1.
11
 xx1  yy1   0
2
11
 x(3)  y(1)   0
2
 6x  2y  11  0..
13. Find the polar of (2,3) w.r.to x 2  y2  6x  8y  96  0.

Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y2  6x  8y  96  0.
Given point : P(x1 , y1 )  (2,3); x1  2, y1  3
 x  x1   y  y1 
 xx1  yy1  6    8   96  0
 2   2 
 x(2)  y(3)  3(x  2)  4(y  3)  96  0
 2x  3y  3x  6  4y  12  96  0
 5x  7y  78  0.
14. Find the polar of (1, 2) w.r.to x 2  y2  10x  10y  25  0.

Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y2  10x  10y  25  0.
Given point : P(x1 , y1 )  (1, 2); x1  1, y1  2
 x  x1   y  y1 
 xx1  yy1  10    10    25  0
 2   2 
 x(1)  y(2)  5(x  1)  5(y  2)  25  0
 x  2y  5x  5  5y  10  25  0
 4x  7y  30  0.
15. Find the slope of the polar of (1,3) w.r.to the circle x 2  y2  4x  4y  4  0. Also find the distance from
the center to it.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y2  4x  4y  4  0.
Given point P(x1 , y1 )  (1,3); x1  1, y1  3
 xx1  yy1  2(x  x1 )  2(y  y1 )  4  0
 x(1)  y(3)  2(x  1)  2(y  3)  4  0
 x  3y  2x  2  2y  6  4  0
  x  y  12  0
 x  y  12  0.
Slope of the polar is m  1.
Centre of the circle is C(2, 2).
Distance of the polar from centre is,
ax  by1  c
d 1 ; a  1, b  1, c  12, x1  2, y1  2
a 2  b2
2  2  12 12
   6 2 units.
11 2
16. If ax  by  c  0 is the polar of (1,1) w.r.to the circle x 2  y2  2x  2y  1  0 and H.C.F of a, b, c is
equal to one then find a 2  b 2  c 2 .
Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y2  2x  2y  1  0
Given point P(x1 , y1 )  (1,1); x1  1, y1  1
 xx1  yy1  (x  x1 )  (y  y1 )  1  0
 x(1)  y(1)  (x  1)  (y  1)  1  0
 x  y  x 1 y 11  0
 2y  1  0 ..... (1)
But, given equation of the polar is ax  by  c  0 ..... (2)
(1) and (2) represents the same line and H.C.F of a, b, c is 1
 a  0, b  2, c  1
 a  b 2  c2  0  4  1  5.
2
17. Find the locus of the point whose polars w.r.to the circles x 2  y2  4x  4y  8  0 and
x 2  y2  2x  6y  2  0 are mutually perpendicular.
Sol: Let P(x1 , y1 ) be a point on the locus.
Polar of ‘P’ w.r.to the circle x 2  y2  4x  4y  8  0 is S1  0
 xx1  yy1  2(x  x1 )  2(y  y1 )  8  0
 xx1  yy1  2x  2x1  2y  2y1  8  0
 (x1  2)x  (y1  2)y  2(x1  y1  4)  0 ...... (1)
Polar of ‘P’ w.r.to the circle x 2  y2  2x  6y  2  0 is S1  0
 xx1  yy1  (x  x1 )  3(y  y1 )  2  0
 xx1  yy1  x  x1  3y  3y1  2  0
 (x1  1)x  (y1  3)y  (x1  3y1  2)  0 ...... (2)
Lines (1) and (2) are perpendicular.
 m1  m 2  1
(x1  2) (x  1)
  1  1
(y1  2) (y1  3)
 (x1  1)(x1  2)  (y1  2)(y1  3)
 x12  3x1  2   y12  y1  6
 x12  y12  3x1  y1  4  0
 Locus of P(x1 , y1 ) is x 2  y2  3x  y  4  0.
 a 2l a 2 m 
18. The pole of lx  my  n  0, (n  0) w.r.to the circle x 2  y2  a 2 is   , .
 n n 
Sol: Let P(x1 , y1 ) be the pole of the line lx  my  n  0 ...... (1) w.r.to the circle x 2  y2  a 2  0
But the polar of ‘P’ w.r.to x 2  y2  a 2  0 is xx1  yy1  a 2  0 ...... (2)
Since (1) and (2) represents the same line,
x1 y1 a2
 
l m n
2
al a 2m
 x1   ; y1  
n n
 a 2l a 2 m 
 The pole of lx  my  n  0 w.r.to x 2  y2  a 2 is   , .
 n n 
19. Find the pole of ax  by  c  0, (c  0) w.r.to the circle x 2  y2  r 2 .
Sol: Let P(x1 , y1 ) be the pole of the line ax  by  c  0 ...... (1) w.r.to the circle x 2  y2  r 2  0
But the polar of ‘P’ w.r.to x 2  y2  r 2  0 is xx1  yy1  r 2  0 ...... (2)
Since (1) and (2) represents the same line,
x1 y1 r2
 
a b c
2
ar br 2
 x1   ; y1  
c c
 ar 2 br 2 
 The pole of ax  by  c  0 w.r.to x 2  y2  r 2 is   , .
 c c 
20. Find the pole of 3x  4y  45  0 w.r.to x 2  y2  6x  8y  5  0.
g  3, f  4, c  5, r  g 2  f 2  5  9  16  5  20  r 2  20
Given line : 3x  4y  45  0 ; l  3, m  4, n  45
Now, l g  mf  n  3(3)  4(4)  45  20
The pole of 3x  4y  45  0 w.r.to x 2  y2  6x  8y  5  0 is,
 lr 2 mr 2 
pole   g  , f  
 l g  mf  n l g  mf  n 
 3(20) 4(20) 
 3 ,4   (6,8).
 20 20 
 The pole of 3x  4y  45  0 w.r.to the given circle is (6,8).
21. Find the pole of x  y  2  0 w.r.to x 2  y2  4x  6y  12  0.
g  2, f  3, c  12, r  g 2  f 2  c  4  9  12  25  r 2  25
Given line : x  y  2  0 ; l  1, m  1, n  2
Now, l g  mf  n  1(2)  1(3)  2  1
The pole of x  y  2  0 w.r.to x 2  y2  4x  6y  12  0. is,
 lr 2 mr 2 
pole   g  , f  
 l g  mf  n l g  mf  n 
 1(25) 1(25) 
 2 , 3    (2  25, 3  25)  (23, 28).
 1 1 
 The pole of x  y  2  0 w.r.to the given circle is (23, 28).
22. Find the pole of x  2y  22  0 w.r.to x 2  y2  5x  8y  6  0.
5 25 25 65 65
g   , f  4, c  6, r  g 2  f 2  c   16  6   10   r2 
2 4 4 4 4
Given line : x  2y  22  0 ; l  1, m  2, n  22
 5 5 65
Now, l g  mf  n  1    2(4)  22    30  
 2 2 2
The pole of x  2y  22  0 w.r.to x  y  5x  8y  6  0. is,
2 2
 lr 2 mr 2 
pole   g  , f  
 l g  mf  n l g  mf  n 
  65   65  
 5 1 4  2   
5 1 
     , 4        , 4  1  (2, 3).
4
2  65

65  2 2 
 
 2 2 
 The pole of x  2y  22  0 w.r.to the given circle is (2, 3).
23. Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of tangents at the points where x  4y  14  0 meets the
circle x 2  y2  2x  3y  5  0.
3 9 9 33 33
g  1, f  , c  5, r  g 2  f 2  c  1   5  6   r2 
2 4 4 4 4
Given line : x  4y  14  0 ; l  1, m  4, n  14
The point of intersection is the pole of x  4y  14  0 w.r.to x 2  y2  2x  3y  5  0.
3
Now, l g  mf  n  1(1)  4    14  1  6  14  19
2
 lr 2
mr 2 
pole   g  , f  
 l g  mf  n l g  mf  n  P
  33   33  
 1 4  3 4  4    33 3 33   109 9  x  4y  14  0
 1    ,       1  ,      , .
 19 2 19   76 2 19   76 38 
 
 
24. If the polar of the points on the circle x 2  y2  a 2 w.r.to the circle x 2  y2  b2 touches the circle
x 2  y 2  c2 then prove that a, b, c are in Geometrical progression.
Sol: Let P(x1 , y1 ) be any point on the circle x 2  y2  a 2 .
 x12  y12  a 2 ...... (1) (2) (3)
(1)
Equation of the second circle is x  y  b 2 2 2
Polar of P w.r.to the second circle x 2  y2  b2 is xx1  yy1  b 2  0

rd
This line is a tangent to the circle x 2  y 2  c2
rd
c
c a  x1 , b  y1 , c  b 2
a b
2 2
b2 b2
c 
x12  y12 a
 b 2  ac
 a, b, c are in Geometrical progression.
25. Show that the points (6,1) and (2,3) are conjugate points w.r.to the circle x 2  y2  2x  2y  1  0.
Given points : P(x1 , y1 )  (6,1) ; x1  6, y1  1
Q(x 2 , y2 )  (2,3) ; x 2  2, y2  3
 x  x 2   y1  y 2 
S12  x1x 2  y1 y 2  2  1   2  1
 2   2 
 (6)(2)  (1)(3)  (6  2)  (1  3)  1
 12  3  4  4  1  0
S12  0
 The given points are conjugate w.r.to the given circle.
26. Show that the points (4, 2) and (3, 5) are conjugate points w.r.to the circle x 2  y2  3x  5y  1  0.
Given points : P(x1 , y1 )  (4, 2) ; x1  4, y1  2
Q(x 2 , y2 )  (3, 5) ; x 2  3, y2  5
 x  x 2   y1  y 2 
S12  x1x 2  y1 y 2  3  1   5  1
 2   2 
 43  25
 (4)(3)  (2)(5)  3    5  1
 2   2 
21 15
 12  10    1
2 2
 12  10  3  1  0
S12  0
27. Show that the points (4, 2) and (3, 6) are conjugate points w.r.to the circle x 2  y2  24  0.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y2  24  0.
Given points : P(x1 , y1 )  (4, 2) ; x1  4, y1  2
Q(x 2 , y2 )  (3, 6) ; x 2  3, y2  6
S12  x1x 2  y1 y 2  24
 (4)(3)  (2)(6)  24
 12  12  24  0
S12  0
28. If (4, k) and (2,3) are conjugate points w.r.to the circle x 2  y2  17 then find ‘k’.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y2  17  0.
Given points : P(x1 , y1 )  (4, k) ; x1  4, y1  k
Q(x 2 , y2 )  (2,3) ; x 2  2, y2  3
If the given points are conjugate w.r.to the given circle then S12  0
 x1x 2  y1y2  17  0
 (4)(2)  (k)(3)  17  0
 3k  9  k  3.
29. If (1,3) and (2, k) are conjugate points w.r.to the circle x 2  y2  35 then find ‘k’.
Given points : P(x1 , y1 )  (1,3) ; x1  1, y1  3
Q(x 2 , y2 )  (2, k) ; x 2  2, y 2  k
 x1x 2  y1y 2  35  0
 (1)(2)  (3)(k)  35  0
 3k  33  k  11.
30. Find the value of ‘k’, if the points (4, 2) and (k, 3) are conjugate points with respect to the circle
x 2  y2  5x  8y  6  0.
Given points : P(x1 , y1 )  (4, 2) ; x1  4, y1  2
Q(x 2 , y2 )  (k, 3) ; x 2  k, y 2  3
 x  x 2   y1  y 2 
 x1x 2  y1 y 2  5  1   8 6  0
 2   2 
 4k 
 (4)(k)  (2)(3)  5    4(2  3)  6  0
 2 
5
 4k  (4  k)  4  0
2
 8k  20  5k  8  0
28
 3k  28  k  .
3
31. Show that the lines 2x  3y  11  0 and 2x  2y  1  0 are conjugate with respect to the circle
x 2  y2  4x  6y  12  0.
g  2, f  3, c  12, r  g 2  f 2  c  4  9  12  1
Given lines are
2x  3y  11  0 ; l1  2, m1  3, n1  11
2x  2y  1  0 ; l2  2, m 2  2, n 2  1
Condition for the conjugate lines : r 2 (l1l2  m1m 2 )  (l1g  m1f  n1 )(l2g  m 2f  n 2 )
L.H.S  r 2 (l1l2  m1m2 )  1[2(2)  3(2)]  2
R.H.S  (l1g  m1f  n1 )(l2g  m 2f  n 2 )
 [ 2(2)  (3)(3)  11] [ 2(2)  (2)(3)  1]
 (2)(1)  2
L.H.S  R.H.S
 The given lines are conjugate w.r.to the given circle.
32. Find the value of ‘k’, if kx  3y  1  0, 2x  y  5  0 are conjugate lines w.r.to the circle
x 2  y2  2x  4y  4  0.
g  1, f  2, c  4, r  g 2  f 2  c  1  4  4  3
Given lines are
kx  3y  1  0 ; l1  k, m1  3, n1  1
2x  y  5  0 ; l2  2, m 2  1, n 2  5
 9(2k  3)  (k  6  1) (2  2  5)
 9(2k  3)  9(k  5)
 2k  3  k  5
 k  2.
33. Find the value of ‘k’, if x  y  5  0, 2x  ky  8  0 are conjugate lines w.r.to the circle
x 2  y2  2x  2y  1  0.
g  1, f  1, c  1, r  g 2  f 2  c  1  1  1  3
Given lines are
x  y  5  0 ; l1  1, m1  1, n1  5
2x  ky  8  0; l2  2, m 2  k, n 2  8
 3(2  k)  (1  1  5) (2  k  8)
 3(2  k)  3(k  6)
 2  k  k  6
 2k  4  k  2
34. Show that the area of the triangle formed by the two tangents through P(x1 , y1 ) to the circle
3
r(S11 ) 2
S  x  y  2gx  2fy  c  0 and the chord of contact of ‘P’ with respect to S  0 is
2 2
, where ‘r’
S11  r 2
is the radius of the circle.
Sol: Let PA and PB be two tangents through ‘P’ to the circle S  0 and  be the angle between these two
tangents.
PA  PB  S11
 r
We know that tan    .
2 S11
Required area  Area of APB A
S11
1
 (PA)(PB) sin 
2  P
  
 2 tan   

1
2
S11 
S11  2 
 1  tan 2     B
S11
  
 2
 r 
S11 
 S 
  2 
11
r
1
S11
3
r(S ) 2
 11 2 .
S11  r
35. Tangents are drawn to the circle x 2  y2  16 from the point P(3,5). Find the area of the triangle formed
by these tangents and the chord of contact of ‘P’.
Radius of the circle is r  4 A
Given point : P(x1 , y1 )  (3,5), x1  3, y1  5
The length of the tangent from P(3,5) to the circle P(3,5)
S11
r
C
.
x  y  16 is,
2 2
B
S11  9  25  16  18
 r 4
tan     .
2 S11 18
  4 
2 tan   2 
sin    2    18   8 18
 1
16 34
1  tan 2  
2 18
1
Area of PAB  PA.PB.sin 
2
1 8 18
  18  18 
2 34
2 18  3 2 108 2
  sq.units
17 17
36. If the chord of contact of ‘P’ w.r.to the circle x 2  y2  a 2 cut the circle at A and B such that
AOB  90 then show that ‘P’ lies on the circle x 2  y2  2a 2 .
Sol: Let P(x1 , y1 ) be a point on the locus.
Chord of contact of ‘P’ w.r.to the circle x 2  y2  a 2 is,
xx  yy
xx1  yy1  a 2  1 2 1  1  (1)
a
Homogenizing x  y  a with the help of (1)
2 2 2
a 2 (xx1  yy1 ) 2
x y 
2 2
a4
 a 2 (x 2  y 2 )  x 2 x12  y 2 y12  2x1y1xy
 x 2 x12  y 2 y12  2x1 y1xy  a 2 x 2  a 2 y 2  0
 (x12  a 2 )x 2  2x1y1xy  (y12  a 2 )y 2  0
The angle between the pair of lines is 90
 coefficient of x 2  coefficient of y 2  0
 x12  a 2  y12  a 2  0
 x12  y12  2a 2
Hence the point P(x1 , y1 ) lies on the circle x 2  y2  2a 2 .
37. If 1 , 2 are the angles of inclination of tangents through a point ‘P’ to the circle x 2  y2  a 2 then find
the locus of P when cot 1  cot 2  k.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is, x 2  y2  a 2
Equation of tangent with slope ‘m’ to the circle x 2  y2  a 2 is,
y  mx  a 1  m2
If the tangents passes through ‘P’ then
y1  mx1  a 1  m 2
 y1  mx1   a 1  m 2
 (y1  mx1 ) 2  a 2 (1  m 2 )
 y12  m 2 x12  2mx1 y1  a 2  a 2 m 2  0
 (x12  a 2 )m 2  (2x1 y1 )m  (y12  a 2 )  0
If m1 , m 2 are the roots of the above equation then
2x1 y1 y12  a 2
m1  m 2  tan 1  tan 2  and m1m2  tan 1.tan 2 
x12  a 2 x12  a 2
Given that cot 1  cot 2  k
1 1
  k
tan 1 tan 2
 tan 1  tan 2  k(tan 1.tan 2 )
2x1 y1  y12  a 2 
 2  k 2 2 
x1  a 2  x1  a 
 k(y12  a 2 )  2x1 y1
 The locus of ‘P’ is k(y2  a 2 )  2xy.
38. Show that the poles of the tangents to the circle x 2  y2  a 2 w.r.to the circle (x  a)2  y2  2a 2
lie on y2  4ax  0.
Sol: Given circles are x 2  y2  a 2 ..... (1) and x 2  y2  2ax  a 2  0 ..... (2)
Let ' l ' be a tangent to the circle (1)
Let P(x1 , y1 ) be the pole of ' l ' w.r.to the 2nd circle.
Equation of ' l ' is S1  0
 xx1  yy1  a(x  x1 )  a 2  0
 xx1  yy1  ax  ax1  a 2  0
 (x1  a)x  yy1  a(x1  a)  0
But it is a tangent to the 1st circle x 2  y2  a 2
rd
a(x1  a)
 a
(x1  a) 2  y12
 x1  a  (x1  a) 2  y12
 (x1  a) 2  (x1  a) 2  y12
 x12  a 2  2ax1  x12  a 2  2ax1  y12
 y12  4ax1  0
 Locus of ‘P’ is y2  4ax  0.
39. Find the midpoint of the chord intercepted by x 2  y2  2x  10y  1  0 on the line x  2y  7  0.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y2  2x  10y  1  0
Centre of the circle is C(1,5).
If Q(h, k) is the midpoint of the chord x  2y  7  0 then ‘Q’ is the foot of the perpendicular of ‘C’
on the chord.
h  x1 k  y1 (ax1  by1  c)
We have   ; x1  1, y1  5, a  1, b  2, c  7
a b a 2  b2
h  1 k  5 (1  10  7)
  
1 2 1 4
h 1 k  5 2
  
1 2 5
2 k 5 2
 h 1  
5 2 5
 5h  5  2 5k  25  4
 5h  7 5k  21
7 21
h k
5 5
 7 21 
 Midpoint of the chord is Q(h, k)   ,  .
5 5 
40. Find the inverse point of (2,3) w.r.to the circle x 2  y2  4x  6y  9  0.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y2  4x  6y  9  0 ...... (1)
Centre of the circle is C(2, 3).
Let P(2,3).
Polar of ‘P’ w.r.to the circle (1) is S1  0
 xx1  yy1  2(x  x1 )  3(y  y1 )  9  0
 x(2)  y(3)  2(x  2)  3(y  3)  9  0
 2x  3y  2x  4  3y  9  9  0
 4x  4  0
 x  1..... (2)
y y
Equation of CP is y  y1  2 1 (x  x1 )
x 2  x1
33
 y3  (x  2)
2 1
 y3  0
 y  3 ..... (3)
Solving (2) and (3) we get (1,3).
 The inverse point of (2,3) w.r.to the circle x 2  y2  4x  6y  9  0 is (1,3).
41. Find the locus of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the origin to any chord of the circle
S  x 2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0 which subtends a right angle at the origin.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is S  x 2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0 ..... (1)
Let P(x1 , y1 ) be the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the origin to the chord AB of (1).
y x
Slope of OP  1  Slope of AB   1
x1 y1
x
 Equation of chord AB is y  y1   1 (x  x1 )
y1
 yy1  y12   xx1  x12
 xx1  yy1  x12  y12
xx1  yy1
  1 ..... (2)
x12  y12
Homogenizing (1) with the help of (2)
x 2  y 2  (2gx  2fy)(1)  c(1) 2  0
2
 xx  yy1   xx1  yy1 
 x  y  (2gx  2fy)  21
2 2
2 
 c 2 2 
 0 ..... (3)
 x1  y1   x1  y1 
Since AOB  90, coefficient of x 2  coefficient of y2  0
2gx1  2fy1  x12  y12 
 11  c  2 2 2 
0
x12  y12  (x1  y1 ) 
 2(x12  y12 )  2(gx1  fy1 )  c  0
 locus of P(x1 , y1 ) is 2(x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy)  c  0.
42. Find the locus of midpoints of the chords of contact of x 2  y2  a 2 from the points on the line
lx  my  n  0.
Equation of chord AB having (x1 , y1 ) as its midpoint is S1  S11
 xx1  yy1  a 2  x12  y12  a 2
 xx1  yy1  (x12  y12 )  0 ..... (1)
Given line is lx  my  n  0 ..... (2)
Clearly, pole of the line (1) is on the line (2)
 The lines (1) and (2) are conjugate to each other w.r.to x 2  y2  a 2
 r 2 (l1l2  m1m 2 )  n1n 2 ; l1  x1 , m1  y1 , n1  (x12  y12 ), l2  l , m 2  m, n 2  n
 a 2 (lx1  my1 )  n(x12  y12 )
 a 2 (lx1  my1 )  n(x12  y12 )  0
 Locus of P(x1 , y1 ) is a 2 (lx  my)  n(x 2  y2 )  0.
EXERCISE – 1(E)
1. Discuss the position of the pair of circles x 2  y2  4x  6y  12  0 and x 2  y2  6x  18y  26  0.
Sol: Equation of the 1st circle x 2  y2  4x  6y  12  0 , g  2, f  3, c  12
Centre C1 (2,3) ; radius : r1  g 2  f 2  c  4  9  12  25  5
Equation of the 2nd circle x 2  y2  6x  18y  26  0 , g  3, f  9, c  26
Centre C2 (3, 9) ; radius : r2  g 2  f 2  c  9  81  26  64  8
C1C2  (x 2  x1 ) 2  (y 2  y1 ) 2 C1 (2, 3), C2 ( 3, 9)
x1 y1 x2 y2
 (2  3) 2  (3  9) 2  25  144  169  13
C1C2  13, r1  r2  5  8  13
C1C2  r1  r2
 The given circles touch each other externally.
2. Discuss the position of the pair of circles x 2  y2  6x  6y  14  0 and x 2  y2  2x  4y  4  0.
Sol: Equation of the 1st circle x 2  y2  6x  6y  14  0 , g  3, f  3, c  14
Equation of the 2nd circle x 2  y2  2x  4y  4  0. , g  1, f  2, c  4
Centre C2 (1, 2) ; radius : r2  g 2  f 2  c  1  4  4  9  3
C1C2  (x 2  x1 ) 2  (y 2  y1 ) 2 C1 ( 3, 3), C 2 ( 1 , 2 )
x1 y1 x2 y2
 (3  1) 2  (3  2) 2  16  25  41
C1C2  41, r1  r2  3  2  5  25
C1C2  r1  r2
 Each of the given circles lies completely outside the other.
3. Discuss the position of the pair of circles (x  2)2  (y  1)2  9 and (x  1)2  (y  3)2  4.
Sol: Equation of the 1st circle (x  2)2  (y  1)2  9
Centre : C1 (2, 1) ; radius : r1  3
Equation of the 2nd circle (x  1)2  (y  3)2  4.
Centre : C2 (1,3) ; radius : r2  2
C1C2  (x 2  x1 ) 2  (y 2  y1 ) 2 C1 (2, 1), C 2 ( 1, 3 )
x1 y1 x2 y2
 (2  1) 2  (1  3) 2  9  16  25  5
C1C2  5, r1  r2  3  2  5
C1C2  r1  r2
4. Discuss the position of the pair of circles x 2  y2  2x  4y  4  0 and x 2  y2  4x  6y  3  0.
Sol: Equation of the 1st circle x 2  y2  2x  4y  4  0 , g  1, f  2, c  4
Centre C1 (1,, 2) ; radius : r1  g 2  f 2  c  1  4  4  9  3
Equation of the 2nd circle x 2  y2  4x  6y  3  0. , g  2, f  3, c  3
Centre C2 (2,3) ; radius : r2  g 2  f 2  c  4  9  3  16  4
C1C2  (x 2  x1 ) 2  (y 2  y1 ) 2 C1 ( 1 , 2), C 2 ( 2, 3 )
x1 y1 x2 y2
 (1  2)2  (2  3) 2  9  25  34
C1C2  34, r1  r2  3  4  7  49, r1  r2  1
r1  r2  C1C2  r1  r2
 The given two circles intersect each other.
5. Find the number of possible common tangents that exist for the following pairs of circles.
(i). x 2  y2  6x  6y  14  0 and x 2  y2  2x  4y  4  0.
Sol: Equation of the 1st circle x 2  y2  6x  6y  14  0 , g  3, f  3, c  14
Equation of the 2nd circle x 2  y2  2x  4y  4  0. , g  1, f  2, c  4
Centre C2 (1, 2) ; radius : r2  g 2  f 2  c  1  4  4  9  3
C1C2  (x 2  x1 ) 2  (y 2  y1 ) 2 C1 ( 3, 3), C 2 ( 1 , 2 )
x1 y1 x2 y2
 (3  1) 2  (3  2) 2  16  25  41
C1C2  41, r1  r2  3  2  5  25
C1C2  r1  r2
 Each of the given circles lies completely outside the other.
 The number of common tangents  4.
(ii). x 2  y2  4x  2y  1  0 and x 2  y2  6x  4y  4  0.
Sol: Equation of the 1st circle x 2  y2  4x  2y  1  0 , g  2, f  1, c  1
Centre C1 (2,1) ; radius : r1  g 2  f 2  c  4  1  1  4  2
Equation of the 2nd circle x 2  y2  6x  4y  4  0. , g  3, f  2, c  4
Centre C2 (3, 2) ; radius : r2  g 2  f 2  c  9  4  4  9  3
C1C2  (x 2  x1 ) 2  (y 2  y1 ) 2 C1 ( 2 , 1 ), C 2 ( 3 , 2 )
x1 y1 x2 y2
 (2  3) 2  (1  2) 2  1  1  2
C1C2  2, r1  r2  2  3  5  25, r1  r2  1
r1  r2  C1C2  r1  r2
 The given two circles intersect each other.
(iii). x 2  y2  4x  2y  4  0 and x 2  y2  2x  6y  6  0.
Sol: Equation of the 1st circle x 2  y2  4x  2y  4  0 , g  2, f  1, c  4
Centre C1 (2, 1) ; radius : r1  g 2  f 2  c  4  1  4  9  3
Equation of the 2nd circle x 2  y2  2x  6y  6  0. , g  1, f  3, c  6
Centre C2 (1,3) ; radius : r2  g 2  f 2  c  1  9  6  4  2
C1C2  (x 2  x1 ) 2  (y 2  y1 ) 2 C1 ( 2 , 1), C 2 ( 1, 3 )
x1 y1 x2 y2
 (2  1)2  (1  3) 2  9  16  25  5
C1C2  5, r1  r2  3  2  5
C1C2  r1  r2
(iv). x 2  y 2  4 and x 2  y2  6x  8y  16  0.
Sol: Equation of the 1st circle x 2  y 2  4
Centre C1 (0, 0) ; radius : r1  2
Equation of the 2nd circle x 2  y2  6x  8y  16  0. , g  3, f  4, c  16
Centre C2 (3, 4) ; radius : r2  g 2  f 2  c  9  16  16  9  3
C1C2  (x 2  x1 ) 2  (y 2  y1 ) 2 C1 ( 0 , 0 ), C 2 ( 3 , 4 )
x1 y1 x2 y2
 32  42  9  16  25  5
C1C2  5, r1  r2  2  3  5
C1C2  r1  r2
(v). x 2  y2  4x  6y  3  0 and x 2  y2  4x  2y  4  0.
Sol: Equation of the 1st circle x 2  y2  4x  6y  3  0 , g  2, f  3, c  3
Centre C1 (2,3) ; radius : r1  g 2  f 2  c  4  9  3  16  4
Equation of the 2nd circle x 2  y2  4x  2y  4  0. , g  2, f  1, c  4
Centre C2 (2,1) ; radius : r2  g 2  f 2  c  4  1  4  1  1
C1C2  (x 2  x1 ) 2  (y 2  y1 ) 2 C1 (2, 3 ), C 2 ( 2, 1 )
x1 y1 x2 y2
 (2  2) 2  (3  1) 2  4  2
C1C2  2, r1  r2  4  1  3
C1C2  r1  r2
 One circle lies completely inside the other.
6. Show that the circles x 2  y2  6x  2y  1  0 and x 2  y2  2x  8y  13  0 touch each other. Find the
point of contact and the equation of common tangent at their point of contact.
Sol: Equation of the first circle is x 2  y2  6x  2y  1  0 , g  3, f  1, c  1
Centre C1 (3,1) ; radius : r1  g 2  f 2  c  9  1  1  9  3
Equation of the 2nd circle x 2  y2  2x  8y  13  0 , g  1, f  4, c  13
Centre C2 (1, 4) ; radius : r2  g 2  f 2  c  1  16  13  4  2
C1C2  (x 2  x1 ) 2  (y 2  y1 ) 2 C1 ( 3 , 1 ), C 2 ( 1, 4 )
x1 y1 x2 y2
 (3  1)2  (1  4) 2  16  9  25  5
S  S'  0
C1C2  5, r1  r2  3  2  5
C1C2  r1  r2 C1 . P .C 2
Point of contact :
Let ‘P’ be the point of contact.
The point of contact ‘P’ divides C1C2 in the ratio r1 : r2  3 : 2 internally.
 mx 2  nx1 my 2  ny1 
P  , 
 mn mn 
 3(1)  2(3) 3(4)  2(1)   3 14 
P
 3 2
,  , 
3 2   5 5 
C1 (3, 1)
3
m
.
:
P
1
n
C2 (1, 4)
 3 14 
 Point of contact is P   ,  . x1 y1 x2 y2
5 5 
Equation of common tangent at ‘P’ is S  S'  0
 x 2  y 2  6x  2y  1  x 2  y 2  2x  8y  13  0
 8x  6y  12  0
 4x  3y  6  0.
7. Show that the circles x 2  y2  6x  9y  13  0 and x 2  y2  2x  16y  0 touch each other. Find the
9
Sol: Equation of the first circle is x 2  y2  6x  9y  13  0 , g  3, f   , c  13
2
 9 81 81 81  16 65
Centre C1  3,  ; radius : r1  g 2  f 2  c  9   13  4  
 2 4 4 4 2
Equation of the 2 circle x  y  2x  16y  0 ,
nd 2 2
g  1, f  8, c  0
Centre C2 (1,8) ; radius : r2  g 2  f 2  c  1  64  65
9
C1C2  (x 2  x1 ) 2  (y 2  y1 ) 2 C1 ( 3 , ), C 2 ( 1 , 8 ) S  S'  0
x1 2 x2 y2
y1
2
9  49 65 65
 (3  1)    8   4 
2
 
2  4 4 2 C1 C2 P
65 65 65
C1C2  , r1  r2   65 
2 2 2
C1C2  r1  r2
 The given circles touch each other internally.
Point of contact :
The point of contact ‘P’ divides C1C2 in the ratio r1 : r2  1: 2 externally.
 mx 2  nx1 my 2  ny1 
P  , 
 mn mn 
1 : 2
 9 m n
 1(1)  2(3) 1(8)  2  2    
P ,      5,1 
C1 3,
9 C2 (1, 8) P
 1 2 1 2   x1 2  x 2 y2
   y1 
 
 Point of contact is P  (5,1).
 x 2  y 2  6x  9y  13  x 2  y 2  2x  16y  0
 4x  7y  13  0
 4x  7y  13  0.
8. Show that the circles x 2  y2  4x  6y  12  0 and x 2  y2  6x  18y  26  0 touch each other. Find the
Sol: Equation of the first circle is x 2  y2  4x  6y  12  0 , g  2, f  3, c  12
Equation of the 2nd circle x 2  y2  6x  18y  26  0 , g  3, f  9, c  26
C1C2  (x 2  x1 ) 2  (y 2  y1 ) 2 C1 ( 2 , 3 ), C 2 ( 3, 9)
x1 y1 x2 y2
 (2  3) 2  (3  9) 2  25  144  169  13
C1C2  13, r1  r2  5  8  13
C1C2  r1  r2
Point of contact :
The point of contact ‘P’ divides C1C2 in the ratio r1 : r2  5 : 8 internally.
 mx 2  nx1 my 2  ny1 
P  , 
 mn mn 
 5(3)  8(2) 5(9)  8(3)   1 21 
P ,    , 
 58 58   13 13 
1 21 
 Point of contact is P   ,   .
 13 13 
 x 2  y 2  4x  6y  12  x 2  y 2  6x  18y  26  0
 10x  24y  38  0
 5x  12y  19  0.
9. Show that the circles x 2  y2  4x  6y  12  0 and 5(x 2  y2 )  8x  14y  32  0 touch each other and
find their point of contact.
Sol: Equation of the first circle is x 2  y2  4x  6y  12  0 , g  2, f  3, c  12
8 14 32 4 7 32
Equation of the 2nd circle is x 2  y 2  x  x  0 g , f  , c
5 5 5 5 5 5
4 7 16 49 32 16  49  160 225
Centre : C 2  ,  ; radius : r2  g 2  f 2  c      3
5 5 25 25 5 25 25
4 7
C1C2  (x 2  x1 ) 2  (y 2  y1 ) 2 C1 ( 2 , 3 ), C 2 ( , )
x1 y1 5 5
x2 y2
2 2
 4  7 36 64
  2    3     42
 5  5 25 25
C1C2  2, r1  r2  5  3  2
C1C2  r1  r2
 The given circles touch each other internally.
Point of contact :
The point of contact ‘P’ divides C1C2 in the ratio r1 : r2  5 : 2 externally.
 mx 2  nx1 my 2  ny1 
P  , 
 mn mn 
 4 7 
 5  5   3(2) 5  5   3(3) 
P   ,     (1, 1)
 53 53 
 
 
 Point of contact is P  (1, 1).
10. Find the external centre of similitude for the circles x 2  y2  2x  6y  9  0 and x 2  y2  4.
Sol: Equation of the 1st circle is x 2  y2  2x  6y  9  0 g  1, f  3, c  9
Centre : C1 (1,3) ; radius : r1  g 2  f 2  c  1  9  9  1
Equation of the 2nd circle is x 2  y2  4.
Centre : C2 (0, 0) ; radius : r2  2
External centre of similitude : P C1 C2
The external centre of similitude ‘P’ divides C1C2 in
The ratio 1: 2 externally.
 mx 2  nx1 my 2  ny1 
P   , 
 mn mn 
 1(0)  2(1) 1(0)  2(3) 
 ,   (2, 6)
 1 2 1 2 
 External centre of similitude is (2, 6).
11. Find the internal centre of similitude for the circles x 2  y2  6x  2y  1  0 and x 2  y2  2x  6y  9  0.
Sol: Equation of the 1st circle is x 2  y2  6x  2y  1  0 g  3, f  1, c  1
Centre : C1 (3,1) ; radius : r1  g 2  f 2  c  9  1  1  3
Equation of the 2nd circle is x 2  y2  2x  6y  9  0. g  1, f  3, c  9
Internal centre of similitude :
The internal centre of similitude ‘Q’ divides C1C2 in
The ratio 3:1 internally.
C1 Q C2
 mx 2  nx1 my 2  ny1 
Q   , 
 mn mn 
 3(1)  1(3) 3(3)  1(1)   5 
 ,    0,  .
 3 1 3 1   2 
 5
 External centre of similitude is  0,  .
 2
12. Prove that the circles x  y  8x  6y  21  0 and x 2  y2  2y  15  0 have exactly two common
2 2
tangents. Also find the point of intersection of those tangents.

Sol: Equation of the 1st circle is x 2  y2  8x  6y  21  0 g  4, f  3, c  21
Equation of the 2nd circle is x 2  y2  2y  15  0 g  0, f  1, c  15
Centre : C2 (0,1) ; radius : r2  g 2  f 2  c  1  15  4
C1C2  (x 2  x1 ) 2  (y 2  y1 ) 2 C1 ( 4 , 3 ), C 2 ( 0 , 1 )
x1 y1 x2 y2
 (4  0) 2  (3  1) 2  16  4  20
C1C2  20, r1  r2  2  4  16  36 , r1  r2  2  4
r1  r2  C1C2  r1  r2 ( 4  20  36 )
 Given circles intersect each other and have exactly two common tangents.
External centre of similitude :
The external centre of similitude ‘P’ divides C1C2 in the ratio 1: 2 externally.
 mx 2  nx1 my 2  ny1 
P , 
 mn mn 
 1(0)  2(4) 1(1)  2(3) 
 ,   (8,5)
 1 2 1 2 
 The point of intersection of common tangents is (8, 5).
13. Show that four common tangents can be drawn for the circles given by x 2  y2  14x  6y  33  0 and
x 2  y2  30x  2y  1  0 and find the internal and external centres of similitudes.
Sol: Equation of the first circle is x 2  y2  14x  6y  33  0 ; g  7, f  3, c  33
Centre : C1 (7, 3) ; radius : r1  g 2  f 2  c  49  9  33  25  5
Equation of the 2nd circle is x 2  y2  30x  2y  1  0 ; g  15, f  1, c  1
C1C2  (x 2  x1 ) 2  (y 2  y1 ) 2 C1 (7, 3), C 2 ( 15, 1)
x1 y1 x2 y2
 (7  15) 2  (3  1) 2  484  16  500

C1C2  500, r1  r2  5  15  20  400
 C1C2  r1  r2 ( 500  400 )
 Four common tangents exist for the given circles.
The internal centre of similitude ‘P’ divides C1C2 in the ratio 1: 3 internally.
 mx 2  mx1 my 2  ny1 
P , 
 mn mn 
 1(15)  3(7) 1(1)  3(3)   6 8   3 
 ,    ,    , 2 
 1 3 1 3  4 4  2 
3 
 Internal centre of similitude is P  , 2 
2 
The external centre of similitude ‘Q’ divides C1C2 in the ratio 1: 3 externally.
 mx 2  mx1 my 2  ny1 
Q , 
 mn mn 
 1(15)  3(7) 1(1)  3( 3)   36 10 
 ,  ,   (18, 5).
 1 3 1 3   2 2 
 External centre of similitude is Q(18, 5).
14. Find the equation of the circle which touches the circle x 2  y2  2x  4y  20  0 externally at (5,5)
with radius 5.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y2  2x  4y  20  0 ; g  1, f  2, c  20
Centre : C1 (1, 2) ; radius : r1  g 2  f 2  c  1  4  20  25  5
Let C2 (h, k) be the centre and r2 be the radius of the required circle.
The point of contact is P  (5,5)
The two circles touch each other, radii are equal
 P  midpoint of C1C2
 h 1 k  2 
 (5,5)   ,  P r2  5
 2 2 
h 1 k2
 5 5 C1 r  5 C2
2 2 1
 h  1  10 k  2  10
h 9 k 8
 C2 (h, k)  (9,8) ; r2  5
The equation to the required circle is (x  h)2  (y  k) 2  r 2
 (x  9) 2  (y  8) 2  52
 x 2  81  18x  y 2  64  16y  25  0
 x 2  y 2  18x  16y  120  0.
15. Find the equation of the circle which touches x 2  y2  4x  6y  12  0 at ( 1,1) internally with radius 2.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is x 2  y2  4x  6y  12  0 g  2, f  3, c  12
Centre : C1 (2, 3) ; radius : r1  g 2  f 2  c  4  9  12  25  5
Let C2 (h, k) be the centre and r2 be the radius of the required circle.
The point of contact is P  (1,1)
The two circles touch internally  C2 divides C1P in the ratio 3: 2 internally.
 mx 2  nx1 my 2  ny1 
 C2   , 
 mn mn 
 3(1)  2(2) 3(1)  2( 3)   1 3 
 ,    , 
 3 2 3 2  5 5
The equation of the required circle is (x  h)2  (y  k) 2  r 2
C1 C2 P
2 2
 1  3
  x     y    (2) 2
 5  5
(5x  1) 2 (5y  3) 2
  4
25 25 C1C2 : C2 P  3: 2
 25x 2  1  10x  25y 2  9  30y  100
C1 (2, 3) C2 (h, k) P(1, 1)
 25x 2  25y 2  10x  30y  90  0 x1 y1 x2 y2
 5x 2  5y 2  2x  6y  18  0.
16. Find the direct common tangents of the circles x 2  y2  22x  4y  100  0 , x 2  y2  22x  4y  100  0.
Sol: Equation of the 1st circle is x 2  y2  22x  4y  100  0 ; g  11, f  2, c  100
Centre : C1 (11, 2) ; radius : r1  g 2  f 2  c  121  4  100  225  15
Equation of the 2nd circle is x 2  y2  22x  4y  100  0 ; g  11, f  2, c  100
Centre : C2 (11, 2) ; radius : r2  g 2  f 2  c  121  4  100  25  5
C1C2  (x 2  x1 ) 2  (y 2  y1 ) 2 C1 ( 11, 2) , C 2 (11, 2)

x1 y1 x2 y2
 (11  11) 2  (2  2) 2  484  16  500

C1C2  500 , r1  r2  15  5  20  400
C1 C2 P
C1C2  r1  r2
 No. of direct common tangents  2
The external centre of similitude ‘P’ divides C1C2 in the ratio r1 : r2 (3 :1) externally.
 mx 2  nx1 my 2  ny1 
P , 
 mn mn 
 3(11)  1(11) 3(2)  1(2)  m: n  3:1
 , 
 3 1 3 1  C1 (11, 2) C2 (11, 2) P
P   22, 4 
x1 y1 x2 y2
Let ‘m’ be the slope of a common tangent.

Equation of direct common tangent is, y  y1  m(x  x1 ); m  m, P(22, 4)
x1 y1
 y  4  m(x  22) ....... (1)

 mx  y  22m  4  0
If it is a tangent to the 2nd circle then r2  d
 r2  perpendicular distance from (11, 2) to mx  y  22m  4  0
ax1  by1  c
  ; a  m, b  1, c  22m  4, x1  11, y1  2
a 2  b2
11m  2  22m  4
5 
m2  1
 5 m 2  1  (11m  2)
 25(m 2  1)  (11m  2) 2
 25m 2  25  121m 2  4  44m
 96m 2  44m  21  0
 96m 2  72m  28m  21  0
 24m(4m  3)  7(4m  3)  0
 (4m  3)(24m  7)  0
3 7
m , m
4 24
3 7
Case (1) : m   Case (2) : m 
4 24
3 7
(1)  y  4   (x  22) (1)  y  4  (x  22)
4 24
 4y  16  3x  66  24y  96  7x  154
 3x  4y  50  0  7x  24y  250  0
 Equations of direct common tangents are 3x  4y  50  0 and 7x  24y  250  0.
17. Find the transverse common tangents of the circles x 2  y2  4x  10y  28  0 and
x 2  y2  4x  6y  4  0.
Sol: Equation of the 1st circle is x 2  y2  4x  10y  28  0 ; g  2, f  5, c  28
Equation of the 2nd circle is x 2  y2  4x  6y  4  0 ; g  2, f  3, c4
C1C2  (x 2  x1 ) 2  (y 2  y1 ) 2 C1 (2, 5), C 2 ( 2, 3)
x1 y1 x 2 y2
 (2  2) 2  (5  3) 2  16  4  20
C1C2  20, r1  r2  1  3  4  16
C1C2  r1  r2
 Number of transverse common tangents  2
The internal centre of similitude ‘P’ divides C1C2 in the ratio r1 : r2  1: 3 internally.
 mx 2  nx1 my 2  ny1 
P , 
 mn mn 
 1(2)  3(2) 1(3)  3(5)   9 
 ,   1, 
 1 3 1 3   2 
Let ‘m’ be the slope of a common tangent
 9
Equation of transverse common tangent is, y  y1  m(x  x1 ) m  m, 1, 
 2
9
 y  m(x  1)
2
 2y  9  2m(x  1) ..... (1)
 2mx  2y  2m  9  0
If it is a tangent to the 1st circle then r1  d
 r1  perpendicular distance from (2,5) to 2mx  2y  2m  9  0
ax1  by1  c
 r1  ; a  2m, b  2, c  2m  9, x1  2, y1  5
a 2  b2
4m  10  2m  9
1
4m 2  4
 4m 2  4  2m  1
 4m 2  4  4m 2  1  4m
3
 4m  3  m  
4
3
Case (1) : if m   Case (2) :
4
Slope of the second transverse common tangent is not defined.
 3
(1)  2y  9  2    (x  1)  the transverse common tangent is parallel to Y  axis.
 4
 Equation of the sec ond transverse common tangent is x  x1
 4y  18  3x  3
 x  1  x  1  0.
 3x  4y  21  0
 The equations of the transverse common tangents are 3x  4y  21  0 and x 1  0.

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Very Short Answer Questions ( 2 marks problems )

16. Find the centre and radius of the circle x 2  y 2  4x  8y  41  0.

17. Find the centre and radius of the circle x 2  y 2  6x  8y  96  0.

19. Find the centre and radius of the circle 3x 2  3y 2  6x  4y  4  0.

20. Find the centre and radius of the circle 3x 2  3y2  5x  6y  4  0.

22. Find the centre and radius of the circle 2x 2  2y 2  4x  6y  3  0.

30. If the circle x 2  y2  4x  6y  a  0 has radius 4 then find ‘a’.

31. If the circle x 2  y2  4x  6y  c  0 has radius 6 then find ‘a’.

44. Obtain the parametric equations of the circle x 2  y 2  4.

45. Obtain the parametric equations of the circle 4(x 2  y2 )  9.

46. Obtain the parametric equations of the circle 2x 2  2y2  7.

48. Obtain the parametric equations of the circle x 2  y 2  4x  6y  12  0.

49. Obtain the parametric equations of the circle x 2  y 2  6x  4y  12  0.

52. Show that A(3, 1) lies on the circle x 2  y 2  2x  4y  0.

53. Show that A(3,0) lies on the circle x 2  y2  8x  12y  15  0.

5. From the point A(0,3) on the circle

Position of a point w.r.to a circle :

Power of a point w.r.to a circle :

 (1) 2  (3) 2  2(1)  4(3)  11  x12  y12  2ky1  1

14. Find the length of the tangent drawn from

15. If the length of the tangent from (5, 4) to the

Length of tangent from P to S1  0 is S111  x12  y12  6x1  18y1  26

Length of tangent from P to S1  0 is S111  x12  y12  2x1  8y1  1

Length of tangent from P to S1  0 is S111  x12  y12  4x1  6y1  12

 Length of the chord  2 r 2  d 2

 Length of the chord  2 r 2  d 2

 Length of the chord is 2 r 2  d 2  2

For the circle x 2  y 2  2x  10y  26  0 , r d

 The equation of the chord AB is,

11. Find the polar of (1, 2) w.r.to x 2  y2  7.

12. Find the polar of (3, 1) w.r.to 2x 2  2y2  11.

13. Find the polar of (2,3) w.r.to x 2  y2  6x  8y  96  0.

14. Find the polar of (1, 2) w.r.to x 2  y2  10x  10y  25  0.

Polar of P w.r.to the second circle x 2  y2  b2 is xx1  yy1  b 2  0

tangents. Also find the point of intersection of those tangents.

 (7  15) 2  (3  1) 2  484  16  500

C1C2  (x 2  x1 ) 2  (y 2  y1 ) 2 C1 ( 11, 2) , C 2 (11, 2)

 (11  11) 2  (2  2) 2  484  16  500

Let ‘m’ be the slope of a common tangent.

 y  4  m(x  22) ....... (1)

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