ACTIVITY 13

ACTIVITY 5
AIM
To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three
(on/off)
ff switches, a fuse and a power source.

APPARATUS AND MATERIAL REQUIRED

Three bulbs (40 W, 220 V each), three (on/off) switches, socket, a fuse
of 1.0 A, plug, flexible connecting wire, main switch.

P RINCIPLE
If P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, ... be the power consumed by different domestic
electrical appliances in a circuit then the total power consumption, P
at any instant is given by

P = P1+ P2+ P3+ P4+ P5+ ... (A 5.1)

If electric potential is V,
V then current I drawn from the mains is given by

P (A 5.2)
I =
V

where P is in watt, V in volt

and I in ampere.
In order to protect the
appliances from damage,
when accidentally a high
current is drawn (e.g. when
the terminals of the appliance
get accidentally connected), a
fuse of rating little higher (10
to 20 per cent higher than the
current normally drawn) is
connected in series with the
set of appliances (Fig. A 5.1).
Fig. A 5.1

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LAB
ABORATORY MAN
ABORATORY
ORATORY ANUAL
ANUA
UAL
L

P ROCEDURE
1. Take the bulbs B1, B2, B3 and connect them in series with switches
S1, S2 and S3 respectively. Connect B1, B2, B3 alongwith S1, S2, S3
in parallel with each other as shown in Fig. A 5.1.
2. Connect fuse F in series with the set up as shown in Fig. A 5.1.
Connect a plug and the socket at the end of two leads. Conne
Connect
nect a
wire from the earth pin of the plug.
3. Insert the plug in socket provided in the main electric boar
board.
ard.
4. Press the switches S1, S2, S3 one by one and observe the bulb
that is switched on and off independently of the other bulb.
b.
5. Press all the switches simultaneously and observe what happens.
happe
appens.
Record your observations.

R ESULT
Household circuit assembly is complete and installed with safety.
safety
ty.

P RECAUTIONS
1. Care should be taken while working with mains.
2. Carefully determine the rating of the fuse by calculating
ing the
maximum current drawn by the circuit.

D ISCUSSION
ISCU
CUSS
CU SSIO
SS ION
IO
1. Fuse is a safety device. Never use fuse of much higher rrating
than the recommended value.
2. The rating of the main electricity in our houses is determined byb the
total power requirements. In general it is 220 V, 30 A and
50 Hz. The supply is connected to a distribution board which divdivides
the power into different circuits; some having a rating of 220 V,
15 A meant for heavy duty appliances like room heater, he
airconditioner, geysers, hot plates etc., others have a rating ofo 220
V, 5 A meant for light appliances like light bulbs, ceiling fansns etc.
Let us consider one electrical circuit with 220 V, 5 A suppl ply. In
supply.
such a circuit all appliances are connected in parallel with a swi
switch.
witch.
This switch is in series with each appliance in supply live line.
line
ne.

S ELF ASSESSMENT
1. Calcul
Calculate the
th maximum current drawn
dr for
fo three
th bulbs
bulb used in
the circuit.
SUGGESTED ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS/ACTIVITIES
1. Draw a circuit diagram consisting of two light points, one fan point
and one plug point.
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