Cando, Valerie V. Quiz No.

5
CEG002-CE32S1 Engr. Marc Daniel Laurina

Solution:
𝐷 = 𝑛 ∗ (𝑊𝐻)0.5
0.5
𝐷 = 0.3 ∗ ((6 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠)(5 𝑚)) = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟒𝟑𝟏𝟔𝟕𝟔𝟕𝟑
Excel solutions:
• For n = 0.3

• For n = 0.4
Cando, Valerie V. Quiz No.5
CEG002-CE32S1 Engr. Marc Daniel Laurina

• For n = 0.5

• For n = 0.6
Cando, Valerie V. Quiz No.5
CEG002-CE32S1 Engr. Marc Daniel Laurina

• For n = 0.7

• For n = 0.8
Cando, Valerie V. Quiz No.5
CEG002-CE32S1 Engr. Marc Daniel Laurina

Graph for each of the n values

5.1 Graphs

N = 0.3
6 12 18 24 30 36

14

12

10

0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

N = 0.4
6 12 18 24 30 36

18

16

14

12

10

0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Cando, Valerie V. Quiz No.5
CEG002-CE32S1 Engr. Marc Daniel Laurina

N = 0.5
6 12 18 24 30 36

25

20

15

10

0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

N = 0.6
6 12 18 24 30 36

30

25

20

15

10

0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Cando, Valerie V. Quiz No.5
CEG002-CE32S1 Engr. Marc Daniel Laurina

N = 0.7
6 12 18 24 30 36

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

N = 0.8
6 12 18 24 30 36

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
 Cando, Valerie V. Quiz No.5
CEG002-CE32S1 Engr. Marc Daniel Laurina

The equation of depth of improvement is a mathematical formula that predicts how deep certain
agricultural practices, such as tillage or irrigation, can effectively improve soil structure and fertility. The
equation takes into account various factors, such as soil type, organic matter content, and the type and
intensity of the agricultural practice. Different soil types have different physical and chemical properties,
which can affect how deep agricultural practices can improve them. For example, sandy soils have
larger pores and lower water-holding capacity, which means that irrigation and tillage can penetrate
deeper into the soil compared to clay soils, which have smaller pores and higher water-holding capacity.
Therefore, the equation of depth of improvement predicts that agricultural practices can improve sandy
soils to a greater depth compared to clay soils. The relationship between soil type and the equation of
depth of improvement is typically shown in graphs that plot the depth of improvement against different
soil types and weights of soil. A deeper level of improvement necessitates a heavier tamper and a
higher drop height, as shown in the graphs above. It was demonstrated that, despite varying n values,
the higher the drop height, the greater the depth of improvement.

Solution:
5.5 − 2
𝑈𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = (16) + 2 = 2.8235
68
5.5 − 2
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 = (42) + 2 = 4.1618
68
9.5 − 5.5
𝐿𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = (36) + 5.5 = 7.7154
65
𝑆 = √𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
 Cando, Valerie V. Quiz No.5
CEG002-CE32S1 Engr. Marc Daniel Laurina

The spacing of probes, type of soil, and relative density are interrelated factors in geotechnical engineering
that influence the accuracy and reliability of soil investigations.

Spacing of probes refers to the distance between two adjacent boreholes or geotechnical probes used for
soil exploration. It plays a critical role in determining the representative nature of soil samples collected from the
subsurface. In general, the closer the spacing of probes, the more accurate and reliable the soil investigation
results will be. However, closer spacing can also increase the cost and time required for the investigation.

The type of soil affects the accuracy of the soil investigation as well. Different soil types have varying
geotechnical properties, such as strength, stiffness, and permeability. Therefore, the type of soil can affect the
accuracy of in-situ tests, such as the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) or the Cone Penetration Test (CPT), which
are commonly used to estimate the relative density of soil.

Relative density is a measure of the density of a soil sample compared to its maximum density. It is an
important parameter in geotechnical engineering that is used to estimate the strength and stiffness of soils. The
relative density of soil can be determined through in-situ testing or laboratory testing of soil samples collected
from the subsurface.

In summary, the spacing of probes, type of soil, and relative density are all interrelated factors that affect
the accuracy and reliability of soil investigations. The selection of appropriate spacing of probes, testing methods,
and interpretation of test results should be based on the specific soil conditions and engineering requirements of
the project
Cando, Valerie V. Quiz No.5
CEG002-CE32S1 Engr. Marc Daniel Laurina

Furthermore, based on a required target relative density, the spacing of compaction points can
also be estimated as shown in Figure above. Figure above shows that the target relative density
of the soil after improvement ranges from 55 to 90 percent.