BEFORE WE START...

LET’S
TALK ABOUT YOU

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals

LECTURE 1
INTRODUCTION

LEK HSIANG HUI

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lecture you should understand:
• What an information system is
• The role of (IT) business analyst
• What methodologies, models, tools, and techniques are
• Stages in building information systems

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 3

WHAT IS AN
INFORMATION
SYSTEM?
What is an Role of (IT) Methodologies, Successful
information Business Models , Tools SDLC System
system? Analyst and Techniques Development

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 4

 Collection of
inter-related
components

Use to complete
a business task
IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 5
 Crucial to the
success of
modern business
organizations

6
Systems are built
to make the
business more
competitive

7
INFORMATION
SYSTEMS

Let you manage various

aspects of a business

8
TYPES OF INFORMATION
SYSTEMS

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 9

What are some examples
of Information Systems
around you?

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 10

 Your Job (System
Analyst/IT Business
Analyst)
=
Solve Problems
11
IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 12
TYPES OF PROBLEMS
Company wants
to sell their What are the category
products online of products?

How to take payment

online?

How to account for

inventory stock level?

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 13

TYPES OF PROBLEMS

Production How to estimate

needs to plan demand and suggest a
how much to production plan?
produce each
week What sorts of
forecasting mechanism
will be helpful?

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 14

TYPES OF PROBLEMS
What IT solution can
be used to automate
Company wants processes?
to reduce
operating cost How can we measure
and optimize cost/productivity?
productivity

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 15

TYPES OF PROBLEMS
How to analyze
Company wants consumer behaviors?
to drive sales
through What features should
marketing the system have to
assist in digital
marketing?

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 16

TYPES OF PROBLEMS
What sort of reporting
visualization will be
helpful for measuring
performance?
Management
wants to know the
financial status of
the company

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 17

TYPES OF PROBLEMS
What is the company’s
leave policy?
HR needs to
process How should the leave
employee application process be
leave/MC/etc like?
requests

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 18

ROLE OF (IT)
BUSINESS
ANALYST
What is an Role of (IT) Methodologies, Successful
information Business Models , Tools SDLC System
system? Analyst and Techniques Development

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 19

ROLE OF (IT)
BUSINESS ANALYST
Perform Business Analysis

Identify the
business Develop
needs
/Implement
solutions

20
NON-IT BA

Works in the
context of the
business

Process
Improvement,
Cost Cutting,
etc

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 21

IT BA

Works in the
context of IT
projects
Liaises with
business and
technical
Requirement stakeholders
analysis and
designing
systems
22
STAKEHOLDERS

Person or organization
affected by a project

Can be users, customers

(who do not use the
system directly)

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 23

KNOWLEDGE AND
SKILLS REQUIRED OF AN
IT BUSINESS ANALYST

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 24

TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILLS
Computers and
How it works
-DUH?!

25
TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILLS

Networks and
Protocols

26
TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILLS
Database and
database
management
system

27
TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILLS

Programming
languages (Object-
Oriented)

28
TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILLS
Operating
Systems and
Utilities

29
BUSINESS KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILLS

What are the

business functions How is the
the organization organization
perform? structured?

How is it
managed?

30
BUSINESS KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILLS

Need to understand:
• the organization
• its culture
• its mission
• its objectives

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 31

PEOPLE KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILLS

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 32

PEOPLE KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILLS

Need to understand
how people think

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 33

PEOPLE KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILLS

Need to
understand how
people learn

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 34

PEOPLE KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILLS

Need to understand how

people react to change

35
PEOPLE KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILLS

Communicate:
Interviewing
Techniques

36
METHODOLOGIES,
MODELS, TOOLS
AND TECHNIQUES
What is an Role of (IT) Methodologies, Successful
information Business Models , Tools SDLC System
system? Analyst and Techniques Development

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 37

METHODOLOGY

System Development
Methodology:
• Set of guidelines
to follow for
completing every
activity in the
development
process

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 38

METHODOLOGY

Consists of
Models,
Tools &
Techniques

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 39

MODELS

Equations,
Diagrams,
Charts etc

Abstract
representation of an
aspect of real-world

40
MODELS USE IN SYSTEM
DEVELOPMENT
Unified Modeling
Language (UML)
• Standard set of
model constructs
• Designed for
Object-Oriented
development

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 41

UML DIAGRAMS USED
FOR MODELING

42
 Integrated
TOOLS Development
Environment (IDE)

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 43

 Computer Aided System
TOOLS Engineering (CASE)

• Store information about

system specification
• Aid in various aspects of
system development
• Modeling, code generator,
documentation tools
IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 44
 UML Drawing Tool
TOOLS

45
TECHNIQUES Requirements
Modeling
Techniques*

46
TECHNIQUES
System
Architecture
Design Network
Configuration
Design

Database
Design

47
TECHNIQUES
Cost/Benefits
Analysis
Project
Planning
Techniques

48
TECHNIQUES
• Set of guidelines for
completing an activity
• Examples:
• Domain-modeling, use
case modeling,
software-testing, etc

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 49

 What’s the difference
between Methodology and
Techniques?

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 50

A GENERAL PROBLEM
SOLVING APPROACH
Research and understand the problem

Verify that the benefits of solving the problem outweigh the costs

Define the requirements for solving the problem

Develop a set of possible solutions (Alternatives)

Decide which solution is best and make a recommendation

Define the details of the chosen solution

Implement the solution

Monitor to make sure that you obtain the desired results 51

SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT
LIFE CYCLE
What is an Role of (IT) Methodologies, Successful
information Business Models , Tools SDLC System
system? Analyst and Techniques Development

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 52

SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
LIFE CYCLE

Entire process of
developing a system

Not just about

programming!

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 53

PROJECT PLANNING PHASE

• Ensure that the

project is feasible
• Identify scope of new
system
• Develop schedule,
resource plan, budget
etc

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 54

ANALYSIS PHASE

• Understand the
document in detail
• Process requirements
of the new system

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 55

DESIGN PHASE

• Design system based

on the requirements

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 56

IMPLEMENTATION PHASE

• Build system
(includes acquire
components)
• Testing

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 57

MAINTENANCE PHASE

• Ensure the system is

running properly
during the lifetime of
the system
• Fix any issue that
arises

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 58

SUCCESSFUL
SYSTEM
DEVELOPMENT
What is an Role of (IT) Methodologies, Successful
information Business Models , Tools SDLC System
system? Analyst and Techniques Development

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 59

SUCCESSFUL SYSTEM
DEVELOPMENT

Thorough
System Analysis
and Design

60
THE PROBLEM
WITH
COMMUNICATION

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 61

 How the Customer explained it.

How the Project Leader understood it.

How the Designer designed it.
How the Programmer wrote it.
How the IT Business Analyst described it.
62
THE FINAL
OUTCOME

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 63

How the Project was documented.
What Operations were installed.

How the Customer was billed.

How it was supported.

What the Customer really needed!
64
SUMMARY
Introduction to Information Systems
Role of IT Business Analyst
Some definitions: methodologies, models, tools and
techniques
Various activities in system development: business
modeling, requirements gathering and analysis, design,
implementation, testing, deployment

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 65

WHAT’S NEXT?
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Planning Phase

IT5004 Enterprise Systems Architecture Fundamentals 66