TOEFL ITP Preparation

STRUCTURE
Page : 216 ( Structure tips / strategies )
Parts / section :2
Time allocation : 25
Question Numbers : 40 questions

STRUCTURE TIPS / STRATEGIES

1. SUBJECT + PREDICATE

e.g
- John has a new car at home.
- John is my friend.

Note :
- A sentence must have at least one SUBJECT & one PREDICATE ( verb / to be )
- Subject of a sentence is always a noun / noun phrase
- Noun phrase : beautiful girls, book store,
- Belajar tenses ( kalimat aktif & pasif )

Exercise : 218

2. AN OBJECT OF PREPOTITION IS NOT SUBJECT.

Prepotition : in, on, with, at, without,

e.g
- In front of class stands every morning. (incorrect sentence)
adv P adverb

- Leni stands In front of the class every morning. ( correct sentence)

s p

Note :
- A sentence must have at least one SUBJECT and PREDICATE ( verb / to
be )
- Subject of a sentence is always a noun / noun phrase
- Adverb phrase cannot stand as subject.

Exercise : 219
 3. APPOSITIVE

e.g
- Ani, My best friend, lives in Bandung.

- My best friend, Ani lives in Bandung.

- Azza, the new superstar of Indonesia people, is my friend.

Note :
- Appositive itu menerangkan Noun
- Appositive tidak punya predikat , cuman frasa
- focus pada subjek & predikat kalimat .

Exercise : 222

4. PRESENT PARTICIPLE ( VERB-ING )

Present Participle ( verb-ing) berasal dari ajective clause yang diperpendek.

e.g

original sentence
2 kalimat ini bisa
My students are studying English now. They live in Jakarta. digabung krn memiliki
subjek yang sama.

menjadi
adjective My students who/that live in Jakarta are studying English now.
clause . Subjek adj clause predikat objek
ktika
who/that
dihapus
maka
My students living in Jakarta are studying English now.
(verb-ingg)

e.g
- Ani calling me is my friend.
S (verb-ing) P O
 Note :
- Present participle memiliki makna AKTIF
cth : Joni yang memenangi Indo Idol tinggal di Bali.
 Joni winning Indo Idol lives in Bali.
Subjek Predikat

Exercise : 223

Collective noun : team , flock ( singular )

5. PAST PARTICIPLE ( VERB-3)

Original sentences 2 kalimat ini bisa digabung

krn memiliki subjek yang
- My red car is my favourite one. It was sold out yesterday.
sama.

 My red car that/which was sold out yesterday is my favourite one.

s adj clause P

 My red car sold out yesterday is my favourite one.

verb-3

Note :
- Past participle memiliki makna Pasif

cth : Mobil yang dijual adalah kepunyaan saya

S P O

 The car sold out was my car

S (verb-3) P O

Exercise : 225
6. CONNECTORS
and, but, so , or , yet

e.g
- Keegan loves Soto and She eats it every day.
- Keegan loves soto, cendol, and rawon.
- Keegan loves soto, cendol, and spicy.

Note :
If we use connectors, jenis kata / struktur kalimat harus sama sisi kirI dan
kanan.

Exercise : 228

7. ADVERB TIME AND CAUSE CONNECTORS

Page : 230 and 232

e.g
- before you came, I had eaten rawon.
- As you finish your task, you may call me.

Note :
- pelajari adverb connectors.

Exercise : 232

8. NOUN CLAUSE
Page : 236

e.g
- I DON’T KNOW about IT.
S P O

-> I DON’T KNOW about WHAT IT IS.

S P O ( noun clause )

- I KNOW YOU.
I KNOW WHO YOU ARE.
 - who you are is a mystery.

Note :
- noun clause di dahului 5W + 1H lalu Subjek predikat

Exercise : 237

9. ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
Page : 239

e.g
- My friends who are working in jkt are so kind.
S P O

- my 2 laptops which have 87gb ram are old.

- My 2 laptops on the red table having 87gb ram are old.

Note :
- Who = tuk manusia
- that = tuk benda / manusia
- which =untuk benda

Exercise : 240

10.ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
Page : 239

e.g
- My friends who work in jkt are so kind.
S P O

Note :
- Who = tuk manusia
- that = tuk benda / manusia
- which =untuk benda
- noun clause bisa setelah subjek dan objek dalam kalimat

Exercise : 240
11.INVERTION OF SUBJECT AND VERB
Page : 252

e.g
- Can you call me ?
- will you marry me ?
- are you a Sundanese?

Note :
- Seperti kalimat tanya

Exercise : 240

12.SENTENCE WITH INVERTED SUBJECT AND VERB with QUESTION SENTENCES

Page : 253

Choose the best answer

a. Can you tell me where could I find a pet shop?

b. Can you tell me where I could find a pet shop?

Exercise : 254

13.INVERSION OF SUBJECT AND VERB WITH PLACE EXPRESSION

Places : here, there, in the …
Page : 255-6

e.g
- here are the books.
- here is the book.

Exercise : 256

14.INVERSION OF SUBJECT AND VERB WITH NEGATIVE

Negative Expression : only, no, barely, never,rarely, seldom
Page : 258
 e.g
- only do I have 2 books.
- seldom does vita call me.
- no one will

Notes :
- Perhatikan do , does, am, is, are, was, were, will, etc -> mengikuti tenses.

Exercise : 258

15.INVERSION OF SUBJECT AND VERB WITH CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

Page : 259

e.g
- If you will come at 9 , I am at home.
-> will you come at 9, I am at home.
Exercise : 260

16.INVERSION OF SUBJECT AND VERB WITH COMPARISON

Page : 261

e.g
- I am more dilligent than john.
- I am more diligent than John is.
- I am more diligent than is John.
exercise : 261