9/18/2022

1 BUSINESS COMMUNICATION 10:

GRAMMAR LESSONS

2 GRAMMAR LESSON
SENTENCE STRUCTURE AND SENTENCE PATTERNS
3 WHAT IS A CLAUSE?
 A clause is any Subject + Verb Combination.
 There are 2 types of Clauses namely; Independent Clauses and Dependent Clause.

4 WHAT IS A CLAUSE?
 A clause is any Subject + Verb Combination.
 There are 2 types of Clauses namely; Independent Clauses and Dependent Clause.

5 BASIC SENTENCE PATTERNS

 S-IV
 S-TV-DO
 S-TV-IO-DO
 S-LV-C (S-LV-PN & S-LV-PA)
 S-TV-DO-OC
 S-V-A

6 S-IV (SUBJECT-INTRANSITIVE VERB) PATTERN

- This is the simplest form pattern.
- INTRANSITIVE VERBS are verbs that do not require a receiver to make sense.

Example
- Everyone listened.
- The wolves are running.
- Go!

7 S-IV (SUBJECT-INTRANSITIVE VERB) PATTERN

- This is the simplest form pattern.
- INTRANSITIVE VERBS are verbs that do not require a receiver to make sense.
Example
- Everyone listened.
S IV
- The wolves are running.
S IV
- (You) Go!
S IV

8 S-TV-DO (SUBJECT-TRANSITIVE VERB – DIRECT OBJECT PATTERN)

- Direct object is a word or group of words that receives the action of the transitive verb. It answer
the question WHAT? Or WHOM? It may be a noun, pronoun, phrases or clauses.

- Transitive verb is a verb that needs a receiver.

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Example
- The Pharisees questioned the disciples.
- The students helped the barangay.

9 S-TV-DO (SUBJECT-TRANSITIVE VERB – DIRECT OBJECT PATTERN)

- Direct object is a word or group of words that receives the action of the transitive verb. It answer
the question WHAT? Or WHOM? It may be a noun, pronoun, phrases or clauses.

- Transitive verb is a verb that needs a receiver.

Example
- The Pharisees questioned the disciples.
S TV DO
- The students helped the barangay.
S TV DO
10 S-TV-IO-DO (SUBJECT- TRANSITIVE VERB – INDIRECT OBJECT – DIRECT OBJECT PATTERN)
- Indirect object- is a word that tells to/for whom/what the action of the transitive verb is done.
-
Example
- Mary teaches the children English
- Gloria painted Laura a picture

11 S-TV-IO-DO (SUBJECT- TRANSITIVE VERB – INDIRECT OBJECT – DIRECT OBJECT PATTERN)

- Indirect object- is a word that tells to/for whom/what the action of the transitive verb is done.
-
Example
- Mary teaches the children English
S TV IO DO

- Gloria painted Laura a picture

S TV IO DO

12 S-LV-PA (SUBJECT- LINKING VERB – PREDICATE ADJECTIVE PATTERN)

- Predicate Adjective is an adjective that follows a linking verb and describes the Subject
-
Example
- He is dead.
- The man was very accommodating.

13 S-LV-PA (SUBJECT- LINKING VERB – PREDICATE ADJECTIVE PATTERN)

- Predicate Adjective is an adjective that follows a linking verb and describes the Subject
-
Example
- He is dead.

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- He is dead.
S LV PA

- The man was very accommodating.

S LV PA

14 S-LV-PN (SUBJECT- LINKING VERB – PREDICATE NOMINATIVE PATTERN)

- Predicate Nominative is defined as a noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and renames or
identifies the subject of the sentence.

Example
- Anne is the boss.
- The Philippines is “The Pearl of the Orient”.

15 S-LV-PN (SUBJECT- LINKING VERB – PREDICATE NOMINATIVE PATTERN)

- Predicate Nominative is defined as a noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and renames or
identifies the subject of the sentence.

Example
- Anne is the boss.
S LV PN

- The Philippines is “The Pearl of the Orient”.

S LV PA

16 S-TV-DO-OC (SUBJECT- TRANSITIVE VERB– DIRECT OBJECT – OBJECT COMPLEMENT PATTERN)

- An object complement is a noun, pronoun, or adjective which follows a direct object and
renames it or tells what the direct object has become.

Example
- The class elected Nadine president.
- Turn the volume higher.

17 S-TV-DO-OC (SUBJECT- TRANSITIVE VERB– DIRECT OBJECT – OBJECT COMPLEMENT PATTERN)

- An object complement is a noun, pronoun, or adjective which follows a direct object and
renames it or tells what the direct object has become.

Example
- The class elected Nadine president.
S TV DO OC

- (You) Turn the volume higher.

S TV DO OC

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18 S-V-A (SUBJECT-VERB–ADVERBIAL PATTERN)

- An Adverbial is a word, phrase or clause that answers WHERE, WHEN, HOW, and WHY. This
normally complements the Verb.

Example
- I went to the store.
- Carl reads for pleasure.

19 S-V-A (SUBJECT-VERB–ADVERBIAL PATTERN)

- An Adverbial is a word, phrase or clause that answers WHERE, WHEN, HOW, and WHY. This
normally complements the Verb.

Example
- I went to the store.
S V A

- Carl reads for pleasure.

S V A

20 PRACTICE RUN
1. Pearl sent Tom a book.
2. The girl should be the captain.
3. I played the piano.
4. Many people find martial arts challenging

21 PRACTICE RUN
1. Pearl sent Tom a book.
(S-TV-IO-DO)
2. The girl should be the captain.
(S-LV-PN)
3. I played the piano.
(S-TV-DO)
4. Many people find martial arts challenging.
(S-TV-DO-OC)

22 SENTENCE STRUCTURE
 Simple Sentence
 Compound Sentence
 Complex Sentence
 Compound-Complex Sentence

23 SENTENCE STRUCTURE
 Simple Sentence
- This simply consists of one independent clause.

Ex.

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Ex.
He laughed.
They are sleeping.

24 SENTENCE STRUCTURE
 Compound Sentence
- This type consists of at least two independent clauses joined together by coordinating
conjunctions or semi-colons.

Ex.
I like an apple but my brother likes a mango.
I asked him a question; he replied correctly

25 SENTENCE STRUCTURE
 Compound Sentence
- This type consists of at least two independent clauses joined together by coordinating
conjunctions or semi-colons.

Ex.
I like an apple but my brother likes a mango.
I asked him a question; he replied correctly

26 SENTENCE STRUCTURE
 Complex Sentence
- This type consists of one independent clause and at least one dependent clause joined by
subordinating conjunctions or relative pronoun.

Ex.
I met the boy who had helped me.
Marie didn’t pass the test because she didn’t study.

27 SENTENCE STRUCTURE
 Complex Sentence
- This type consists of one independent clause and at least one dependent clause joined by
subordinating conjunctions or relative pronoun.

Ex.
I met the boy who had helped me.
Marie didn’t pass the test because she didn’t study.

28 LIST OF SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION

 after
 although
 as
 as if
 as long as
 as much as
 as soon as

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 as though
 because
 before
 by the time
 even if
 even though
 if
 in order that
 in case
 in the event that
 lest
 now that
 once
 only
 only if
 provided that
 since
 so
 supposing
 that
 than
 though
 till
 unless
 until, when
 whenever
 where
 whereas
 wherever
 whether or not
 while

29 SENTENCE STRUCTURE
 Compound - Complex Sentence
- This type consists of at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.

Ex.
He went to college and I went to a market where I bought a book.

Kate doesn’t like cartoons because they are loud so she doesn’t watch them.

30 SENTENCE STRUCTURE
 Compound - Complex Sentence
- This type consists of at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.

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Ex.
He went to college and I went to a market where I bought a book.

Kate doesn’t like cartoons because they are loud so she doesn’t watch them.