College English - Lilia wrote that poem.

S TV DO
WEEK 2 Basic Sentence Pattern Subject—Transitive Verb—Indirect Object—
ELEMENTS OF SENTENCE: Direct Object (S-TV-IO-DO)
Subject- doer of action NOTE: An indirect object answers the questions
Verb- Action “to whom or for whom,” and “to what or for
Direct Object- receiver of action what.”
Intransitive Verb- di na need ng DO
EX. – Liza gave the children gifts.
Transitive Verb- need ng DO
S TV IO DO
Linking Verb- was, is, were, are etc.
Subject Complement- noun, pronoun, adj w/ LV - Lily gave James a new jacket
Objective Complement- noun/adj describes DO S TV IO DO

Indirect Object- answers “to whom or to what” Subject—Transitive Verb—Direct Object—

Objective Complement (S-TV-DO-OC)
Subject-Verb (S-V)
NOTE: An “objective complement” is a noun or
- A subject and its verb must be both singular or an adjective that describes the direct object.
both plural: A singular subject takes a singular verb. A
plural subject takes a plural verb. EX. – He called the teachers beautiful.
S TV DO OC
NOTE: Intransitive Verb do not have direct objects.
- The committee elected Simon as chairman.
EX. - The earth trembled. S TV DO OC
- Maria cooperated voluntarily.
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Subject—Linking Verb—Complement LISTENING
(S-LV-C) - is the process of receiving, constructing meaning
from, and responding to a spoken and/ or non-
- Includes a subject plus a linking verb (is, are, were, verbal message.
as, am, will be, being, been) plus the subject
complement (noun, pronoun, or adjective).
Types of Listening
EX. – Teachers are our second parents.
APPRECIATIVE LISTENING
S LV Predicate Noun
- Aleena was elated. - for pleasure and enjoyment
S LV Predicate Adjective
- music, artist, entertainment, podcast, tv
- Evelyn is the team leader.
S LV Predicate Nominative EMPHATIC LISTENING

Subject—Transitive Verb—Direct Object (S-
TV-DO)
NOTE: Transitive verbs are verbs that require a
direct object; the direct object is the receiver of the
action in the sentence.
EX. – The students helped the barangay.
S TV DO
- to provide emotional support for the speaker
- to understand what the other person is feeling
- psychiatrist to a patient, to a friend
COMPREHENSIVE / ACTIVE LISTENING
- to understand the message of a speaker
- interpreting non-verbal cues
- classroom lecture / asking for directions
- Listen. Paraphrase. Checking. Feedback.
CRITICAL / ANALYTICAL LISTENING
- to evaluate a message of speaker (agree or disagree)
- listening to debate
How College Spend Time in Communicating
SPEAKING - 16.1% WRITING – 11.4%
LISTENING - 55.4% READING – 17.1%
WEEK 3 Note Taking
- Taking notes involves active listening, as well as
connecting and relating information to ideas you
already know. It also involves seeking answers to
questions that arise from the material.
- Taking notes doesn't simply mean scribbling down or
marking up the things that strike your fancy. It means
using a proven system and then effectively recording
information before tying everything together.
EFFECTIVE NOTE TAKING REQUIRES:
- recognizing the main ideas
- identifying what information is relevant to your task
- having a system of note taking that works for you
- reducing the information to note and diagram format
- where possible, putting the information in your own words
- recording the source of the information
NOTE TAKINGS STRATEGIES:
1. Be selective and systematic
2. Identify the purpose and function of a text
3. Identify how information is organized
4. Include your thoughts
5. Use symbol and abbreviations
6. Use concept maps and diagrams
GENERAL TIPS:
- Have a clear purpose
- Recognize main ideas
- Select what is relevant; you do not need to write down
everything that is said
- Have a system for recording information that works for you
BEFORE THE LECTURE
- revise the previous lecture or tutorial
- pre-read about the topic
- check the pronunciation of any new words or discipline-
specific language in the pre-readings.
- rule up pages according to your note-taking system. This
saves time in the lecture.
DURING THE LECTURE
- Be on time and sit near the front
- distinguish between main points, elaboration, examples,
repetition, restatements, and new points by:
- Listening for structural cues, non-verbal cues, phonological
cues and looking for verbal cues
AFTER THE LECTURE
- revise lecture notes within 24 hours. Write a short summary
of the lecture. Attach any handouts to your lecture notes.
Note Taking System
CORNELL METHOD
- provides a systematic format for condensing and organizing
notes without laborious recopying.
- After writing the notes in the main space, use the left-hand
space to label each idea and detail with a key word or "cue."
OUTLINING METHOD
- Dash or indented outlining is usually best except for some
science classes such as physics or math.
MAPPING METHOD
- Is a method that uses comprehension/concentration skills
and relates each fact or idea to every other fact or idea.
- graphic representation of the content of a lecture.
- It is a method that maximizes active participation, affords
immediate knowledge as to its understanding, and
emphasizes critical thinking.
CHARTING METHOD
- If the lecture format is distinct (such as chronological), you
may set up your paper by drawing columns and labeling
appropriate headings in a table.
SENTENCE METHOD
- Write every new thought, fact or topic on a separate line,
numbering as you progress.
Subject-Verb Agreement
 Habits in the Past
- always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when
I was younger, etc.
EX. - I played violin when I was younger.
- He stopped writing poetry.

Simple Future Tense

- will or shall, “be going to”

Express Voluntary Action

in the past (will)
EX. - I will send you the needed drafts of the plan when I
get my hands on them.

WEEK 4 Simple Tenses

Express a Promise (will)
Simple Present Tense EX. - I will attend the meeting tomorrow.
- add (s) or (es) - Don’t worry, I will do better next time.

Repeated Action Express a Plan (be going to)

- action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a EX. - I am going to spend my vacation in Isabela.
scheduled event or something that often happens. - I am going to continue on writing my thesis this
EX. - I play badminton. month.
- She always forgets her bag. Express a Prediction (will / be going to)
Statement of Facts EX. - The year 2022 will be a better year for all of us. --
- the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true Janna is going to be the next president of the student
now, and will be true in the future. government body.
EX. - Cats are amazing animals.
- Many people love coffee more than tea. Progressive/Continuous Tenses
Scheduled Events in the Future Present Progressive Tense
EX. - The train leaves tonight at 6PM. - am/is/are + present (verb-ing)
- The prom starts at 9PM.
The NOW
The NOW (noncontinuous verbs) EX. - I am eating breakfast with my family here at the
- to express the idea that an action is happening or is hotel.
not happening now. - We are negotiating with the other team for the event.
EX. - He has his passport in his hand.
- He needs help right now. Longer Actions in Progress Now
- this second, today, this month, this year, this century,
Simple Past Tense and so on.
- add (d) or (ed) EX. - I am studying to become a CPA.

Completed Action in the Past Near Future

EX. Last year, I traveled to Japan with my family.
Duration in the Past
- for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.
EX. - I lived in Puerto Rico for three years.
- to indicate that something will or will not happen in
the near future.
EX. - I am meeting my friends after work.
- We are eating Samgyeopsal tonight.
Repetition
- "always" or "constantly" between "be" and
“verb+ing." times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc
EX. - She is constantly speaking while the teacher is EX. - I have watched Money Heist many times.
discussing. - I think I have seen him before.
- They are always complaining about work, so I don’t - I have been to Korea. (Experience)
like them. - You have grown since the last time I saw you. (Change
over time)
Past Progressive Tense - Scientists have invented a lot of useful tools for
- was/were + verb-ing humans. (Accomplishments)
- Allan has not finished answering the tasks on his
Interrupted Action in the Past
module yet. (Uncompleted action)
EX. - I was reviewing when she texted me.
I have had four quizzes and five major exams this
- When the phone rang, Anna was writing a letter to
semester so far. (Multiple actions at different times)
Tommy.

Parallel Action
EX. - I was cooking dinner while he was cleaning the Duration from the past until now (noncontinuous
house. verbs)
EX. - I have had cold for two weeks.
Repetition
- She has been in California for eight months.
- "always" or "constantly" between "be" and
- Ken has loved kare-kare since he was a child.
“verb+ing."
EX. - She was constantly speaking while the teacher was Past Perfect Tense
discussing.
-had + past participle
Future Progressive Tense Completed Action before something
- will be, be going to be, shall, still + verb-ing in the Past
EX. - I had cooked dinner before he came home.
Interrupted Action in the Future
- Susan had studied Nihongo before she moved to
EX. - I will be watching The Squid Game in Netflix when
Japan.
she comes home tonight.
- I am going to be staying at my Airbnb, so I will not see Duration before something in the Past
them when they arrive. EX. - We had had that car for ten years before it broke
down.
Predicting about future events
- By the time Bobbie finished her studies, she had been
EX. - He will be coming to the meeting, I expect.
in London for over seven years.
- I guess you are going to be feeling thirsty after working
in the sun.
Future Perfect Tense
Use of “still” -will have, be going to have, shall, still + past participle
EX. - In an hour, I will still be cooking this special Adobo.
Completed Action before something
- We are going to still be wearing masks next year.
in the Future
EX. - By next December, I will have received my
Progressive/Continuous Tenses promotion.
- By the time my mother gets home, I am going to have
Present Perfect Tense cleaned the house.
-has/have + past participle (n) or (-en)
Duration before something in the Future
Unspecified time before now (noncontinuous verb)
- CANNOT USE specific time (yesterday, one year ago, EX. - I will have been in France for six months by the
last week) time I leave.
- CAN USE unspecific time ever, never, once, many
- By Friday, Anna is going to have had my book for two SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
weeks. - actions or states that are in doubt or not factual

Present Subjunctive

WEEK 5 Imply VS Infer

Moods of Verb
- Form of verb that shows attitude of the speaker, and
mode or manner of the verb.

INDICATIVE MOOD
- for statements of fact, opinion, or strong probability
EX. - Variety shows were popular in the early days of
television.
- The spine-tailed swift flies faster than any other bird in
the world.
- The people will remember the flooding for many years
to come.

IMPERATIVE MOOD
- for statements of commands or request Past Subjunctive
EX. - Vote for change.
- Fight pollution.
- Be yourself.
- Acknowledge and embrace individual differences.
Summary