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Heat Exchanger
Heat Exchanger
HEAT EXCHANGER
Presenter: Dr. N.C. Trinh, Vietsovpetro JV
April 2022 nobitamos@gmail.com; Tel.: +84764147113
Table of contents
2
TEMA standards
Charles_E._Thomas]_Process Technology Equipment and
Systems
GPSA
Chemical process design and intergration_Robin
M.Smith
Process heat transfer –D.Kern –McGraw Hill 1965
http://www.thermopedia.com/content/1121/
http://www.cheresources.com/content/articles/heat-transfer/basics-of-industrial-
heat-transfer?pg=3
https://nptel.ac.in/courses/103103027/
Codes and standards
4
Shell tubes
CS: carbon steel
SS: Stainless steel
Cu-Ni dùng cho dưới nước biển
Trong quá trình thiết kế cần lựa chọn vật liệu phù hơp so với dung môi
2. Classification of Heat exchanger
Heat exchanger may have singe
or two phase flow on each side Fixed tubesheet
Flow
Shell & tube U-tube
Double pipe
Finned tube
Indirect Extended
contact-type surface
Direct Lamella
contact-type
Heat có thể thay đổi công suất
Exchanger Disk type
Rotary
regenerator
Regenerative Drum type
Fixed-matrix
regenerator
2. Classification of Heat exchanger
Classification based on transfer process:
2. Classification of Heat exchanger
Classification based on type of construction:
2. Classification of Heat exchanger
Classification based on service:
Heat exchanger
Cooler
Heater
Condenser
Chiller
Reboiler
Evaporators
2. Classification of Heat exchanger
Removable
Fixed-tube heat exchanger Floating-head heat exchanger
Cố định không cố định cái đầu có thể giãn nở nhiệt
rẻ hơn, cấu tạo đơn giản hơn
10
2. Classification of Heat exchanger
11
Reboiler
2. Classification of Heat exchanger
TEMA designation for shell tube heat exchanger
Type and naming of the heat
exchanger is designed by three
letters:
• The first one describes the
stationary head type
• The second one refers to the
shell type
• The third letter shows the rear
head type
❖ Heat transfer
Mỗi loại đi theo 1 quy luật, định luật khác nhau
Rắn dẫn nhiệt tốt hơn lỏng, hơn khí
3. Principles of heat transfer
15
pt Newton
là hc
3. Principles of heat transfer
❖ Heat transfer by convection: (source: Ts. Hà Anh Tùng –ĐHBKTPHCM)
3. Principles of heat transfer
❖ Heat transfer by Radiation:
q = ε σ (Th4 - Tc4) Ac
Th Ti,wall
To,wall
Tc
truyền nhiệt
đối lưu
Chúng ta sẽ mất nhiệt ở 2 lớp fouling trong và ngoài
When
Variation of
fluid
temperatures
in a heat
exchanger
when one of
the fluids
condenses or
boils.
T2 − T1
TLM =
T
ln 2
T1
Ngược chiều cho hiệu suất trao đổi nhiệt lớn hơn
The arithmetic mean temperature difference
40
4. Shell tube heat exchanger design
The LMTD method is very suitable for determining the size of a heat exchanger to realize
prescribed outlet temperatures when the mass flow rates and the inlet and outlet temperatures of
the hot and cold fluids are specified.
With the LMTD method, the task is to select a heat exchanger that will meet the prescribed heat
transfer requirements. The procedure to be followed by the selection process is:
1.Select the type of heat exchanger suitable for the application.
2.Determine any unknown inlet or outlet temperature and the heat transfer rate using an energy
balance.
3.Calculate the log mean temperature difference Tlm and the correction factor F, if necessary.
4.Obtain (select or calculate) the value of the overall heat transfer coefficient U.
5.Calculate the heat transfer surface area As .
The task is completed by selecting a heat exchanger that has a heat transfer surface area equal
to or larger than As.
42 Nhiều ống nhỏ thì tổng bề mặt trao đổi nhiệt sẽ lớn hơn toognr bề mặt trao đổi nhiệt của ít ống lớn
Overall heat transfer coefficient
4. Shell tube heat exchanger design
Shellside
Flow In
Shell
Tubeside
Flow Out
Tube Bundle
Shellside
Flow Out
Tubeside
Flow In
4. Shell tube heat exchanger design
4. Shell tube heat exchanger design
1. Process design
2. Mechanical design
❖Input data:
1. Flowrate of both streams
2. Inlet and outlet temperature
3. Operating pressure of both stream, especially for gas
4. Allowable pressure drop for both streams
5. Fouling resistance for both stream
6. Physical properties for both streams: viscosity at inlet and outlet temperature,
thermal conductivity, density, specific heat
7. Heat duty
8. Type of heat exchanger ống remove thì ngắn hơn còn ống cố định thì
ống có thể dài hơn vì ống remove caafn1
9. Preferred tube side: OD x thickness x length khoảng không gian bằng chiều dài của nó
10. Max shell diameter: removable tube bundle HEX ID 1.4-1.5m; tube leng 6-
9m; fixed bundle ID up to 3m, tube length 12m
4. Shell tube heat exchanger design
Duplex là vật liệu siêu tốt, chống ăn mòn tốt
Factor Tube-side Shell-side
Corrosion More corrosive fluid Less corrosive fluids
Operating pressure Fluids with low pressure Fluids with high pressure
độ nhớt càng cao độ tổn hao
drop P càng lớn. Đối với 1 thiết bịdrop
thì làm cho pressure càng thấp càng tốt , chất có độ nhớt thấp hơn đi
bên trong để hạn chế tổn hao áp lực
Viscosity Less viscous fluid More viscous fluid
10^-8
5. Case study
5. Case study
5. Case study
5. Case study
5. Case study
5. Case study
63
Discussions