4.1 Gii thiu mt s h thng lnh.

4.2 Cc loi kim loi thng s

dng trong h thng lnh.

4.3 Vt liu phi kim loi.

 H thng iu ha khng kh kiu trung tm cho cc cao c

My lnh lm lnh lm lnh

Nc Khng kh lm lnh PHNG
trung tm

Gi hi
Gi thi

Gi ti

Gi cp
 Gio ti Ong gio mem
Mieng
thoi

Gio hoi AHU

 H THNG LNH BAO GM:

- H thng thit b lnh

(my nn, bnh ngng, bnh bay hi, thp gii nhit, vv.)
- Mi cht lnh
(vd: NH3, cc loi Fron nh R22, R502, vv)
-H thng ng dn mi cht lnh

- Cht ti lnh
(vd: nc, nc , khng kh, vv)
- Khng gian cn lm lnh
(phng, vch vi yu cu cch nhit, cch m, vv)
5.2 Cc loi kim loi thng s dng trong h thng lnh:

a) Nhim v:

-Ch to my v thit b lnh

-Ch to ng dn mi cht lnh, cht ti lnh

-Mt s kt cu xy dng trong khng gian lm lnh

 b) Yu cu:

Phi bn, hot ng n nh ti nhit v p sut vn

hnh

Phi tr ha hc vi cc cht m kim loi tip xc nh:

mi cht lnh, cht ti lnh, du bi trn, m, cht ht m, vv

Phi r tin, d gia cng ch to, ..

c) Mt s Kim loi thng s dng trong h thng lnh:

St v cc hp kim ca st:
Ch to my nn, thit b ngng t, thit b bay hi, thp gii
nhit, ng ng dn mi cht lnh, cc thit b ph, vv.
TNH CHT:

- S dng uc cho tt c cc loi mi cht lnh

- B n mn khi c s xut hin ca nc (hi m)
Phi hn ch s c mt ca nc (hi m) trong h thng

- B n mn mnh khi tip xc vi cht ti lnh l nc mui

Pha thm cc cht c ch c thnh phn crm Cr vo cht
ti lnh
- nhit thp: tnh chng n mn tng ln, gin n
gim, h s dn nhit tng khi nhit gim
 ng v cc hp kim ca ng:

Nh tnh cht c h s dn nhit ln, tnh do tt

Ch to cc ng trao i nhit trong cc thit b ngng t, bay hi,cc
ming m, bc, , vv

ng ng trn Van Tit lu

TNH CHT:
- KHNG s dng cho mi cht amnic (NH3) v b n mn.

- B n mn khi c s xut hin ca nc (hi m)

Phi hn ch s c mt ca nc (hi m) trong h thng

- nhit thp: tnh chng n mn tng ln, bn do va p

tng, gin n gim, h s dn nhit tng khi nhit gim

- Do ng t tin hn nn xu hng s dng nhm v cc

hp kim nhm thay th
Nhm v cc hp kim ca nhm:

Nh tnh cht c h s dn nhit tt (thua ng nhng hn st),

tnh do tt, nh, nn c s dng kh ph bin
Ch to cc ng trao i nhit trong cc thit b ngng t,
bay hi,v my nn, chi tit ng c, cnh tn nhit vv

Phin lc ga bng nhm V my iu ha

TNH CHT :
- Thn trng khi s dng vi mi cht lnh l cc loi Fron.

- B n mn khi c s xut hin ca nc (hi m)

=> Phi hn ch s c mt ca nc (hi m) trong h thng.

- Khng s dng cho cht ti lnh l nc mui

- nhit thp:

tnh chng n mn tng ln, bn do va p tng, gin n

gim, h s dn nhit tng khi nhit gim
 Mt s kim loi khc v ng dng:

Kim loi ng dng-ch to Kh nng ng dng

Crm, Dng bo v b mt hoc -S dng c cho tt c cc

niken tinh luyn v tinh ch, l thnh loi mi cht lnh.
phn ca thp, gang dc -Thp hp kim crm,niken k c
s dng cho cht ti lnh l clo.

Manh -Lthnh phn trong cc hp Khng s dng c cho mi cht

Km kim. lnh Fron v amniacv khi c
-km dng bo v b mt mt m, km b ha tan

Thic, L thnh phn trong cc hp -Khng s dng c cho mi

Ch kim v bo v b mt cht amonic.
-lm m kn -C th xy ra phn ng vi
-l thnh phn ca hp kim thnh phn clo trong mi cht
trong v trt fron
d, Tnh ph hp c hc phm vi nhit thp:

- bn ko v gii hn chy tng, nhng ko

dn v bn do va p gim nhanh.
- Khi s dng cn ch dn nhit lm vic cho
php v gin n nhit ca vt liu

Tm li:
Fe, Cu, Al v cc hp kim ca chng l cc vt liu chnh s
dng trong k thut lnh. Chng c s dng bnh thng
cho n nhit -50oC . T -50oC tr xung phi ch n
bn vt liu, c bit s bin dng gin v bn do va p.
 Mt s thit b lnh bng vt liu
kim loi:
 Gii thiu chung v my nn
My nn lnh: l b phn quan trng nht trong h
thng lnh
Nhim v: - To ra p sut ln p ln hn p sut
ngng t nhit ngng t tng ng
- To ng lc cho tun hon ca mi
cht lnh trong h thng lnh
Mt s my nn thng gp

My nn trc vt

My nn piston

My nn kiu a
cho
1. Thn my : l chi tit lp
rp cc chi tit my li vi
nhau. Trc khuu, tay bin,
cc c cu bi trn u
nm trong thn my thn
my thng c c
bng gang xm, kim loi
nh hay bng kt cu thp
hn, trn thn my cc v tr
phi gia cng chnh xc
lp cc chi tit ca my nn
2. Xi lanh : c c bng
gang cht lng cao,
nhm m crm

3. Pit tng, xc mng :

Pit tng thng c
c bng gang xm hoc
hp kim nhm
xc mng lp vo
piston cho kn kht vi
xi lanh

.
4. Tay bin: ni trc khuu
vi Piston, Tay bin thng
c lm bng thp rn

5. Trc khuu : to m men

quay,Dn ng cc c cu
v h thng ca ng c Vt
liu ch to thng l Thp
r, h s ma st trong ln
Gang cu: d c, r, chu
mn tt
1) Clap ht v y

2) Van an ton

3) Van khi ng
 Gii thiu chung v dn ngng

Thit b ngng:
l thit b trao i nhit bin hi mi
cht lnh c p sut v nhit cao sau qu
trnh nn thnh trng thi lng. i khi trong
thit b ngng cn xy ra c qu trnh lm
lnh mi cht lnh xung thp hn nhit
ngng(qu trnh qu lnh)

Thit b ngng:
- Thit b thi nhit (chnh lch nhit trong
v ngoi h thng)
- p sut cao bng p sut ngng
- Mi cht t hi qu nhit chuyn sang lng
 Phn loi
1,Bnh ngng lm mt bng nc hoc khng kh .
2,Dn ngng khng kh i lu t nhin
3,Dn ngng ti
4,T lnh gia nh a s c dn ngng khng kh i lu t nhin
Yu cu i vi dn ngng
Phi c kh nng to nhit ph hp vi nng sut lnh ca my nn
B mt trao i nhit phi v tt
S tip xc gia cnh tn nhit v ng phi tt
Chu c p sut v nhit cao, khng b n mn
Tun hon khng kh phi tt
Cng ngh ch to n gin,gn nh, bo dng v sa cha d
dng.
Vt liu ch to thng l st v hp kim st, ng v hp

kim ng
 Gii thiu chung v van tit lu
Van tit lu
l van iu tit iu
chnh lu lng ca dng
mi cht ca h thng
Van tit lu
p sut gim (Ptg)
Nhit gim ( Ttg)
Mi cht c lm lnh ti
khong nhit tnh ton
Van tit lu ch yu lm
bng hp kim thp ,mt s
chi tit lm bng polimer
 Cu to van tit lu
9

7
P1 = )
qn
f(t
1: Np chp 10

2: Vt iu chnh.
6
3: Mi cht lnh vo Ph
5
thit b bay hi.
12
4: L xo. 11
4

5: Ty van.
6: Ni vi ng cn R 3
bng
p sut ngoi. 2
7: Mng xp.
8: Bu cm bin. 1

Hnh 33: Cu to van

tit lu
 Gii thiu chung v dn lnh
Dn lnh
l thit b thu nhit t mi trng
lm lnh tun hon gia thit b bay hi
v i tng lm lnh nhn nhit v
lm lnh i tng lm lnh.

Thit b bay hi
- p sut thp (Ps)
- Nhit thp(Ts)
- mi cht chuyn dn t lng sang
hi
Hnh 7-7: Dn lnh i lu cng bc Hnh 7-5: Dn lnh kiu tm bn
 Ty vo mi trng lm vic
m cu to dn lnh ca cc h
thng lnh cng khc nhau

Phn loi
Dn bay hi ph bin l kiu tm
Dn bay hi kiu tm bng nhm
Dn bay hi bng thp khng g
Cng c loi dn bay hi lm bng ng ng hoc ng
nhm c b tr cnh
Dn bay hi thng c ch to bng thp, ng
v hp kim ng, nhm v hp kim nhm.
Gii thiu v nhng b phn khc
Cc thit b ph
Bnh trung gian : Dng lm mt trung gian
hi mi cht sau cp nn p thp v qu
lnh lng mi cht trc khi vo van tit lu
bng cch bay hi mt phn mi cht lng
di p sut trung gian: => p sut cao, nhit
thp,
 Phin lc sy
Ty vo tng loi mi
cht m phin lc sy
c th lm bng ng
(nu mi cht khng
phi NH3)hay hp kim
thp
Phin lc sy nm
trc van tit lu
lc m v sy mi
cht trc khi vo van
tit lu
Chn vt liu kim loi theo mi cht
Ty tng loi mi cht c th m ngi ta chn kim
loi ch to cc chi tit ca h thng cho ph hp

fren 12 (R12) - CCl2F2:R12 khng tc dng vi bt k

mt kim loi no nn c th dng ng trong mt s chi
tit nh:phin lc sy, khng dn in, kh nng r r
qua cc l nh trong kim loi cao hn khng kh nhiu .
R12 c kh nng ho tan cc hp cht hu c v nhiu
loi sn, do dy qun ng c in phi dng loi sn
cch in c bit, khng ho tan trong R12.
 AMONIC(NH3):
l mi cht gp nhiu trong nhiu h thng lnh
nhng do n tc dng vi ng nn ngi ta
khng s dng ng khi c mt loi mi cht
ny ,m nhng b phn thng lm bng ng
s c thay th bng hp kim
 4.3 Vt liu phi kim loi trong h thng lnh:

CAO SU Lm giong, m
kn,vv

CHT DO (Polymers)

Lm giong, m kn, scmng, vv..

THY TINH

Knh quan st mc du
 Mt s tnh cht ca cc VL phi kim loi
- + Hu nh khng b n mn bi Amonic (NH3)
bn ha hc:
+ C th b trng phng/ha tan bi cc loi Fren

. + Cht do: ln hn kim loi vi ln

-H s dn n nhit
+ Thy tinh: nh hn kim loi

- H s dn nhit : ch khong t 0,15 0,5 W/(m.), ngha l bng

1/100 n 1/1000 h s dn nhit trung bnh ca KL.

+Tnh lo ha nhanh, mi mn ln
- bn c hc
+Tr nn gin khi nhit gim