I E C 61 7 47 -2 0 -2

®
Edition 1 .0 201 5-03

I N TE RN ATI ON AL

S TAN D ARD

Li q u i d crys tal d i s pl ay d evi ces –

Part 2 0 -2 : Vi s u al i n s pecti on – M on och rom e m atri x l i q u i d crys tal d i s pl ay m od u l es

(excl u d i n g al l acti ve m atri x l i q u i d crys tal d i s pl ay m od u l es )

IEC 61 747-20-2:201 5-03(en)
 TH I S P U B L I C ATI O N I S C O P YRI G H T P RO TE C T E D

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 I E C 61 7 47 -2 0 -2
®
Edition 1 .0 201 5-03

I N TE RN ATI ON AL

S TAN D ARD

Li q u i d crys tal d i s pl ay d evi ce s –

Part 2 0 -2 : Vi s u al i n s pecti on – M on och rom e m atri x l i q u i d crys tal d i s pl ay m od u l es

(excl u d i n g al l acti ve m atri x l i q u i d crys tal d i s pl ay m od u l es )

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION

ICS 31 .1 20 ISBN 978-2-8322-2391 -8

Warn i n g ! M ake s u re th at you obtai n ed th i s pu bl i cati on from an au th ori zed d i s tri bu tor.

® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission

 –2– I EC 61 747-20-2:201 5 © IEC 201 5

CONTENTS
FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
I NTRODUCTI ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2 Normative references. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3. 1 Terms and definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3. 2 Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4 Visual inspection method and criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. 1 Standard inspection conditions and methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. 1 .1 Ambient conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. 1 .2 I nspection equipment and liquid crystal display modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. 1 .3 I nspector and limit sample for visual inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. 1 .4 I nspection and record of result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. 2 Visual inspection of display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. 2.1 Display not activated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. 2.2 Display activated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3

Figure 1 – Defects within the viewing area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Figure 2 – Deviations and mis-shapes of a square picture element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Figure 3 – Notched edges of picture elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Figure 4 – Defects within the elements and their surroundings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0

Table 1 –Defects and criteria when display not activated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Table 2 – Properties and criteria when display activated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0
Table 3 – Defects and criteria when display activated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0
Table 4 – Defect and criteria of viewing area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
I EC 61 747-20-2:201 5 © I EC 201 5 –3–

I NTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNI CAL COMMI SSI ON

_____________

L I Q U I D C RYS T AL D I S P L AY D E VI C E S –

P a rt 2 0 - 2 : Vi s u a l i n s p e c ti o n – M o n o c h ro m e m a t ri x l i q u i d c rys t a l d i s p l a y

m o d u l e s ( e xc l u d i n g a l l a c t i v e m a t ri x l i q u i d c rys t a l d i s p l a y m o d u l e s )

FOREWORD
1 ) The I nternati onal El ectrotechnical Commi ssi on (I EC) is a worl d wi d e organizati on for standard izati on comprisi ng
all nati onal electrotech nical commi ttees (I EC N ati onal Committees). The object of I EC i s to promote
i nternati on al co-operati on on al l q u esti ons con cernin g standard izati on i n the el ectrical and el ectronic fi el ds. To
this end an d in ad di ti on to other acti vi ti es, I EC pu blish es I nternati onal Stand ards, Technical Speci fi cati ons,
Technical Reports, Pu blicl y Avail abl e Specificati ons (PAS) and Gui d es (hereafter referred to as “I EC
Pu blicati on(s)”). Their preparati on is entru sted to technical committees; any I EC N ati onal Committee i nterested
i n the subject d eal t wi th may parti ci pate i n this preparatory work. I nternati onal , governm ental and n on-
governm ental organizations l iaisi ng wi th the I EC al so participate i n this preparati on. I EC coll aborates cl osel y
wi th the I nternational Organizati on for Stan d ard izati on (I SO) in accordance wi th cond i ti ons d etermin ed by
agreement between th e two org anizati ons.
2) Th e form al decision s or agreem ents of I EC on tech nical matters express, as nearl y as possibl e, an i nternati onal
consensus of opi ni on on the rel evan t su bjects si nce each technical committee has representati on from all
i nterested I EC N ati onal Commi ttees.
3) I EC Pu blications have th e form of recommend ati ons for internati onal u se and are accepted by I EC N ati onal
Comm ittees i n th at sense. While all reasonabl e efforts are mad e to ensu re that the techn ical content of I EC
Pu blicati ons is accu rate, I EC cann ot be hel d responsi bl e for the way in wh i ch they are used or for an y
misin terpretati on by any end u ser.
4) I n ord er to promote i nternational u ni formi ty, I EC N ati onal Commi ttees und ertake to appl y I EC Pu blicati on s
transparen tl y to the maximum exten t possi bl e i n thei r nati onal and reg i onal pu blicati ons. An y di verg ence
between an y I EC Pu bl icati on and the correspond i ng nati onal or region al publi cation shal l be cl earl y i ndi cated in
the l atter.
5) I EC i tsel f d oes not provi d e any attestation of conform ity. I nd epend ent certi ficati on bodies provi d e conformity
assessment services an d , in some areas, access to I EC marks of conformi ty. I EC i s not responsi bl e for an y
services carried ou t by i nd epend en t certi fication bodi es.
6) All users should ensu re that they have the l atest edi ti on of this pu blicati on.
7) N o li abili ty shal l attach to I EC or i ts di rectors, empl oyees, servants or agents incl u di ng i nd ivi du al experts and
members of i ts tech ni cal comm ittees and I EC N ati onal Com mittees for any personal i nju ry, property d amag e or
other d am age of any natu re whatsoever, whether di rect or in d i rect, or for costs (i nclu d i ng l egal fees) and
expenses arising out of the pu blicati on, use of, or rel iance u pon, thi s I EC Pu bl ication or an y other I EC
Pu blicati ons.
8) Attention is d rawn to the N ormative references ci ted i n this pu bl icati on. U se of the referenced pu blicati ons is
i ndi spensabl e for th e correct applicati on of this publicati on.
9) Attention is d rawn to the possibili ty that some of the el ements of thi s I EC Pu bl icati on may be th e su bj ect of
patent ri ghts. I EC shal l not be held responsi bl e for i d en ti fyi ng any or all such patent ri ghts.

I nternational Standard IEC 61 747-20-2 has been prepared by I EC technical committee 1 1 0:

Electronic display devices.

This first edition cancels and replaces Clause 5 of the first edition of I EC 61 747-5 published in
1 998. This edition constitutes a technical revision.

This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) editorial modification was done in accordance with the I SO/I EC Directives, Part 2;
b) document number was changed to align with the new numbering structure of the
I EC 61 747 series.
N OTE I t is i ntend ed that the other cl auses of I EC 61 747-5: 1 998 wil l be replaced by new parts i n the I EC 61 747
seri es. The d etail s of the i ntend ed ch anges are given in Annex D of I EC 61 747-30-1 : 201 2.
 –4– I EC 61 747-20-2:201 5 © IEC 201 5

The text of this standard is based on the following documents:

FDI S Report on voti ng
1 1 0/638/FDI S 1 1 0/654/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval on this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/I EC Directives, Part 2.

A list of all parts in the I EC 61 747 series, published under the general title Liquid crystal
display devices , can be found on the I EC website.

The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the I EC website under "http: //webstore. iec. ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
I EC 61 747-20-2:201 5 © I EC 201 5 –5–

I NTRODUCTION
This part of I EC 61 747 facilitates the visual inspection of image defects of monochrome matrix
LCD modules by the human eye subjectively. Visual inspection is performed at specified
conditions and criteria. The objective measurement method of visual image defects with an
instrument will be studied and standardized.
 –6– I EC 61 747-20-2:201 5 © IEC 201 5

L I Q U I D C RYS T AL D I S P L AY D E VI C E S –

P a rt 2 0 - 2 : Vi s u a l i n s p e c ti o n – M o n o c h ro m e m a t ri x l i q u i d c rys t a l d i s p l a y

m o d u l e s ( e xc l u d i n g a l l a c t i v e m a t ri x l i q u i d c rys t a l d i s p l a y m o d u l e s )

1 Scope

This part of I EC 61 747 gives the details of the quality assessment procedures and provides
general rules for the visual inspection of the non-active and active areas of monochrome
matrix liquid crystal display modules by the human eye and, if necessary, through an optical
microscope. Furthermore this standard includes the defect definitions and the method for
visual defect inspection.

N OTE Restricti ons on defect types, n umber, an d sizes are speci fi ed i n the q u ali ty contract (customer acceptance
specificati on and incomin g i nspecti on speci ficati on ) between th e panel an d set makers.

2 N o rm a t i v e re fe re n c e s

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.

I EC 61 747-1 -2: 201 4, Liquid crystal display devices – Part 2: Terminology and letter symbols

I EC 61 747-1 0-2: 201 4, Liquid crystal display devices – Part 1 0-2: Environmental, endurance
and mechanical test methods – Environmental and endurance

3 T e rm s , d e fi n i t i o n s a n d a b b re v i a t i o n s

3. 1 T e rm s a n d d e fi n i t i o n s

For the purposes of this document, the terms, definitions and letter symbols given in
I EC 61 747-1 -2 and I EC 61 747-1 0-2 apply.

3.2 Ab b re vi a t i o n s

DUT Device under test

4 Vi s u a l i n s p e c t i o n m e t h o d a n d c ri t e ri a

4. 1 S t a n d a rd i n s p e c t i o n c o n d i t i o n s a n d m e t h o d s

4. 1 . 1 Am b i e n t c o n d i ti o n s

4. 1 . 1 . 1 T e m p e ra t u re

All visual inspection shall be carried out under specified temperature. Refer to
I EC 61 747-1 0-2: 201 4, 1 .4. 3.

4. 1 . 1 . 2 H u m i d i ty

All visual inspection shall be carried out under specified humidity. Refer to I EC 61 747-1 0-
2: 201 4, 1 . 4.3.
I EC 61 747-20-2:201 5 © I EC 201 5 –7–

4. 1 . 1 . 3 I l l u m i n an ce

All visual inspection shall be carried out under illumination levels as specified in the detail
specification. The illumination level shall be adjusted in such a way that it allows for an
accurate visual inspection.

4. 1 . 2 I n s p e c t i o n e q u i p m e n t a n d l i q u i d c rys t a l d i s p l a y m o d u l e s

The DUT will be installed on a rotatable fixture to enable changes in the horizontal and
vertical viewing direction range. Alternatively, the inspector moves around and the DU T is
fixed.

Turn on the direct current power supply and pattern generator and warm up for stabilization.
Supply the driving voltage and pattern to the DU T. The warm-up time of the DUT shall be
sufficiently long to obtain a stable signal, necessary for the visual inspection.

4. 1 . 3 I n s p e c t o r a n d l i m i t s a m p l e fo r vi s u a l i n s p e cti o n

The inspector shall have a (corrected-to) normal vision, a normal colour vision and shall be
periodically trained with specified limit samples in order to accurately carry out the visual
examination.

4. 1 . 4 I n s p e c t i o n a n d re c o rd o f re s u l t

The inspector shall carry out the visual inspection based on the specified procedure and
record the result on recording sheets with the specified inspection conditions.

4. 2 Vi s u a l i n s pe cti o n of d i s p l a y

4. 2 . 1 D i s p l a y n o t a cti va te d

4. 2 . 1 . 1 Te s t co n d i ti o n s

The test conditions of visual inspection shall be described for the following conditions:
– viewing direction range;
– illumination from above or through the device (depending on the application);
– duration;
– viewing distance;
– ambient temperature.
4. 2 . 1 . 2 P ro c e d u re

The devices shall be inspected for the following visual defects as described in Table 1 .
 –8– I EC 61 747-20-2:201 5 © IEC 201 5

Tabl e 1 –D efe cts an d cri te ri a wh en d i s p l ay n o t acti vated

D e fe cts Re j e c ti o n cri te ri a

Spots (see Fi gu re 1 ), bu bbl es, forei gn particles; li ght/d ark stai ns on li ght To be specified i n the d etail
backgrou nd , light/d ark stai ns on d ark backgrou n d specificati on

Scratches on th e li q ui d crystal cel l and on the pol arizer withi n th e To be specified i n th e d etail
specified viewi n g di rection range specificati on

M echanical dam age outsi d e of the vi ewi ng area To be specified i n th e d etail

specificati on

Accu mul ati on of the above-l isted visible d efects To be specified i n th e d etail
specificati on

Visi ble structu re of the el ectrod es wi th i n th e viewi n g area Reference sampl es

N on -u niformi ty of lu mi nance and col ou rs withi n the vi ewi ng area of the Reference sampl es
d isplay and wi thi n the speci fi ed vi ewi ng d i recti on ran ge

Di rt on su rface, e. g. fin ger pri nts, ad h esive resid u e Reference sampl es

w
h

B A C
IEC

A = bezel
B = vi ewin g area
C = d efect
h = hei ght
w = wi d th

F i g u re 1 – D e fects wi th i n th e vi ewi n g are a

I EC 61 747-20-2:201 5 © I EC 201 5 –9–

4. 2 . 2 D i s p l ay acti vate d

4. 2 . 2 . 1 O ve ral l g eom etri cal as p ect of th e d i s p l ay (s ee F i g u res 2 an d 3)

4. 2 . 2 . 1 . 1 G en eral

The defects of the geometrical aspect are shown in Figures 2 and 3.

IEC

F i g u re 2 – D e vi ati on s an d m i s -s h ape s of a s q u are pi ctu re e l em en t

IEC

F i g u re 3 – N o tch ed ed g es of p i ctu re e l em en ts

4. 2 . 2 . 1 . 2 Tes t co n d i ti on s

The test conditions of visual inspection for the display activated shall be described for the
following conditions:
– electrical driving conditions;
– illumination;
– ambient temperature.
 – 10 – I EC 61 747-20-2:201 5 © IEC 201 5

4. 2 . 2 . 1 . 3 P roced u re

Devices shall be inspected in conformity with the detail specification in Tables 2 and 3.

Tab l e 2 – P rope rti e s an d cri teri a wh en d i s p l ay acti vated

P ro p e rti e s Re j e cti o n cri te ri a

Di mensi on of pictu re elements N ot i n conformity wi th th e

d etai l speci fication

Sh ape of pictu re elements N ot i n conformity wi th th e

d etai l speci fication

Tab l e 3 – D efects an d cri te ri a wh en d i s p l ay a cti vated

D e fe cts Re j e c ti o n cri te ri a

M issi ng pi ctu re el em ents N ot i n conformity wi th the

d etai l speci ficati on

U nwanted pi cture el em ents N ot i n con formity with the

d etai l speci ficati on

Activati on of the pictu re el ements N ot i n con formity with the

d etai l speci ficati on

Seal ed ge wi thin vi ewi ng area N ot i n con formity with the

d etai l speci ficati on

4. 2 . 2 . 2 Vi s i b l e d efect of th e vi e wi n g are a

4. 2 . 2 . 2 . 1 G en eral

The defects of the viewing area are shown in Figure 4.

h

w
h

w
h

IEC

h = hei ght
w = wi d th

F i g u re 4 – D e fects wi th i n th e e l em en ts an d th e i r s u rrou n d i n g s
I EC 61 747-20-2:201 5 © I EC 201 5 – 11 –

4. 2.2.2.2 Test conditions

The test condition of visual inspection shall be described for the following conditions:
– electrical driving conditions;
– viewing direction range;
– illumination from above or through the devices (depending on the application);
– duration;
– viewing distance;
– ambient temperature.
4. 2.2.2.3 Procedu re
Devices shall be inspected for the following visual defects in Table 4.
 – 12 – I EC 61 747-20-2:201 5 © IEC 201 5

Table 4 – Defect and criteria of vi ewing area

Defects Rej ecti on cri teri a

A pi n -hol e within the pictu re element To be specified i n the d etail
specificati on

Accu mul ati on of pin -h ol es wh ose si ze i s smaller th an speci fied above Reference sampl es

Pi n-holes within the non -acti vated su rrou nd ing area of th e pictu re To be specified i n the d etail
el emen ts specificati on

Di fference of contrast rati o between d i fferent pictu re elem ents To be specified i n the d etail
specificati on

U ni formity of l umi nan ce wi thi n the viewin g area To be specified i n the d etail
specificati on

U ni formity of contrast wi thi n th e vi ewin g area To be specified i n the d etail

specificati on

N on-u niformi ty of lu min ance and colou rs withi n the vi ewi n g area and Reference sampl es
wi thi n the specifi ed vi ewi ng di recti on ran ge
I EC 61 747-20-2:201 5 © I EC 201 5 – 13 –

Bibliography
I EC 61 747-20-1 , L iquid crystal display devices – Part 20-1 : Visual inspection – Monochrome
liquid crystal display cells (excluding all active matrix liquid crystal display cells)

I EC 61 747-20-3, Liquid crystal display devices – Part 20-3: Visual inspection – Active matrix
colour liquid crystal display modules 1

I EC 61 747-30-1 , Liquid crystal display devices – Part 30-1 : Measuring methods for liquid
crystal display modules – Transmissive type

I SO 9241 -307, Ergonomics of human-system interaction – Part 307: Analysis and compliance
test methods for electronic visual displays

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