Names: Ortiz, Kylle Vincent,

Domingo, Philip Louise,

Tabio, Ahron Jay,
Cachero, John Mark
Course/Yr: BSABE 1-1 Lab. Time/Day: 10 AM - 1 PM, Wednesday Date Performed:
September 6, 2023 Date Submitted: September 20, 2023 Rating:___________
Laboratory Instructor: Prof. Melchor Cupatan Lecture Instructor: Prof. Mary Rose
Balmeo

Experiment No. 5 – Newton’s Second Law

I. Short introduction

Newton's Second Law of Motion is a fundamental principle in classical physics

formulated by Sir Isaac Newton in the 17th century. This law describes the relationship
between an object's mass, its acceleration, and the force applied to it. In essence, it states
that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting upon it
and inversely proportional to its mass. Mathematically, it can be expressed as F = ma,
where F represents the force applied to an object, m is its mass, and the resulting
acceleration. This law provides critical insights into how objects move and how forces
affect their motion, forming the foundation for our understanding of mechanics and
motion in the physical world.

II. Objectives

The purpose of this laboratory experiment is to determine how the acceleration of

the box depends on the net force applied.

III. Materials

PhET - a project at the University of Colorado Boulder, is a non-profit open

educational resource project that creates and hosts explorable explanations
IV. Documentation

V. Results and Discussion

Net Force (N) Acceleration (m/s2)

100 N 2 m/s2

200 N 4 m/s2

250 N 5 m/s2

300 N 6 m/s2

400 N 8 m/s2

500 N 10 m/s2

The table above presents the data gathered during the experiment, on the first
column is the net force applied on the box while on the second column is the
acceleration corresponding to different net forces.
Questions

a. What was the independent variable? Why?

The independent variable in this experiment was the net force applied and the
friction, no matter what happens during the application of it, nothing affects it and
the acceleration depends on the two.

b. What was the dependent variable?

The dependent variable in this experiment was the acceleration.

c. What variables did you control?

The two variables we did control was the friction and net force applied on the
box.

d. What relationship did you find between the force and acceleration?

The force and acceleration are directly proportional to each other.

e. If you double the net force, what happens to the acceleration?

If you double the net force applied, the acceleration will be doubled also.

Net Force Mass Acceleration

100 40 kg 2.5 m/s2

100 50 kg 2.0 m/s2

100 80 kg 1.25 m/s2

100 100 kg 1.0 m/s2

100 150 kg 0.67 m/s2

100 200 kg 0.5 m/s2

The table above presents the data gathered during the part two of the experiment
conducted. As shown above, the net force is equivalent to the value of mass multiplied to
the acceleration.
VI. Computation

Given the formula to solve for the force applied is equal to mass times the
acceleration. To find the mass, given the force applied divided by acceleration. To find
the acceleration, given the force applied divided by the mass.

VII. Possible application to agricultural engineering

Newton's second law, which states that the force acting on an object is equal to
the mass of the object times its acceleration (F = ma), is widely utilized in various
engineering fields, including agricultural and biosystems engineering. For example, in
agricultural machinery, this law helps engineers calculate the necessary force required to
move heavy equipment and design engines and transmissions accordingly. In irrigation
systems, Newton's second law aids in determining the amount of force needed to pump
water. This fundamental principle also applies to soil compaction, livestock facility
design, and many other aspects of improving agricultural practices by enabling accurate
force calculations and facilitating equipment design.

VIII. Conclusion

The experiment about Newton’s second law of motion, the students concluded
that for every force applied to an object is equal to the mass multiplied to acceleration of
the object. Acceleration of an object depends on the force applied over the mass, which
means that for every change in mass and force, the acceleration changes. In the other
hand, acceleration of an object is also affected by the frictional force (friction). The
greater the friction, the slower the acceleration is.

References:

PhET Simulator
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/forces-and-motion-basics/latest/forces-and-motion-
basics_en.html

Net Force and acceleration worksheet and procedure

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KG8DRLnVWid-
DrmkRN0ru0LlUBB0gDdk1GtfVidkYXY/edit

Newton’s Law: Crash Course Physics#5

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kKKM8Y-u7ds

Friction: Crash Course Physics#6

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fo_pmp5rtzo
Why experiment on Newton’s Second Law?
https://classroom.google.com/c/NjE4MTM0MDAxMDA0/m/NjE4MTM0MDAxMDc1/
details