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PLASMA MEMBRANE
Ø Acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and its Hydrophilic
environment.

Ø Controls what enters or leaves the cell.

Ø Semi-permeable; allows passage of molecules such as CO2,

Oxygen, Hydrocarbons, etc. But impedes the passage of polar molecules
(water, ions, glucose, and other sugar) Hydrophobic
Ø Amphiphatic - due to phospholipids
Ø Hydrophilic region – head (polar)
Ø Hydrophobic region- tail (non-polar)
Outside

CELL TRANSPORT
of cell

Carbohydrate Hydrophobic
chains

MECHANISM
Proteins
Cell
membrane

Hydrophilic
Inside
of cell
(cytoplasm)
Protein
channel Lipid bilayer

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Fluid – Mosaic Model

• Proposed by S. Jonathan Singer and Garth Nicolson

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Types of Cellular Transport

Passive Transport Active Transport
Øcell doesn’t use energy Øcell does use energy
• Diffusion • Endocytosis
• Facilitated Diffusion • Exocytosis
• Osmosis • Protein Pumps

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Types of Passive Transport

Diffusion
• random movement of particles
• area of high concentration to low concentration.

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Facilitated Diffusion Osmosis Legend:

Water
• diffusion of specific particles through transport proteins • diffusion of water Solute
1. Channel Protein
2. Carrier Protein

A B

Diffusion Facilitated diffusion Carrier Protein

(Lipid Bilayer) (Channel Protein)

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Osmoregulation
• The effects of water in the cell or organism Hypotonic: The solution has a lower concentration of
solutes and a higher concentration of water than inside the cell.
Hypertonic: The solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a (Low solute; High water)
lower concentration of water than inside the cell. (High solute; Low water)

Result: Water moves from the solution to inside the cell): Cell Swells and bursts open (cytolysis)!

shrinks
Result: Water moves from inside the cell into the solution: Cell shrinks (Plasmolysis)!

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Response of Animal Cell to Osmotic Pressure

Isotonic: The concentration of solutes in the solution is equal to the
concentration of solutes inside the cell.

Result: Water moves equally in both directions and the cell remains same size! (Dynamic Equilibrium)

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Turgor Pressure and Plasmolysis Types of Active Transport

Protein Pumps
-transport proteins that require energy to do work

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Endocytosis
Ø taking bulky material into a cell
a. Phagocytosis
ØTypes: Ø“ cell eating”
- Phagocytosis
- Pinocytosis
- Receptor Mediated

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c. Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
b. Pinocytosis Ø“ with receptor proteins”
Ø“ cell drinking”

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Exocytosis Types of Cellular Transport

Ø Forces material out of cell in bulk

Passive Transport Active Transport

Øcell doesn’t use energy Øcell does use energy
ØTypes: ØTypes:
• Diffusion • Endocytosis
• Facilitated Diffusion • - Phagocytosis
• - Pinocytosis
• Osmosis
• - Receptor mediated
• Exocytosis
• Protein Pumps

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