1

Foreword
Enthusiasm, zeal, anxiety, anguish, frustration...
Words rarely used by competent adults in ordinary life, stream forth when people
are asked to describe feelings evoked by Mathematics. It is strange that Mathe-
matics, which is thought to be a rational subject, should elicit such emotion-laden
language.

This book has been compiled keeping in mind the student’s need to
understand the concept and to reinforce it in a gradual manner. Most of us do re-
alize that practice makes a man perfect and to avoid the above said anxiety and
anguish it befits us to put in enough hours of work as drill and practice to achieve
excellence.

The very idea of reinforcement of concepts and practice of questions from

previous examinations have been kept foremost before making
The assignments. A synopsis at the beginning of each chapter helps you re-
call the chapter at a glance.

Design and Conceptualization by

Anubha Kalra
Sr. Supervisor ICT

Content Development by
Ms. Neetika Thakur & Ms. Ameena Soni
RnR Mathematics Department

Graphic Designing by
Mohamed Fareeth
ICT Department

2
 TIME MANAGEMENT FOR TERMINAL EXAM
TYPE OF TIME TAKEN MAXIMUM TIME TAKEN FOR EACH SEC-
TION =
QUESTION
(No. of Ques. × Max.Time taken)
Reading + Writing Time Total Time
Comprehending-
Time

1 Mark 30 sec + 1 min 30 sec 2 minutes 4 × 2 = 8 minutes

Section A
2 Mark 30 sec + 30 sec 2 min 3 minutes 6 × 3 = 18 minutes
Section B
3 Mark 40 sec + 1 min 3 min 20 sec 5 minutes 7 × 5 = 35 minutes
Section C
3 Mark 40 sec + 4 min 20 sec 5 minutes 1 × 5 = 5 minutes
Section E
4 Mark 40 sec + 1 min 4 min 20 sec 6 Minutes 10 × 6 = 60 minutes
Section D
TOTAL TIME TAKEN 28 Questions = 2hr 6 min

TIME LEFT FOR REVISION 24 minutes

TIME MANAGEMENT FOR PERIODIC TEST

TYPE OF TIME TAKEN MAXIMUM TIME TAKEN FOR EACH SEC-
TION =
QUESTION
(No. of Ques. × Max.Time taken)
Reading + Writing Time Total Time
Comprehending
Time
1 Mark 30 sec + 1 min 30 sec 2 minutes 3 × 2 = 6 minutes
Section A
2 Mark 30 sec + 30 sec 2 min 3 minutes 3 × 3 = 9 minutes
Section B
3 Mark 40 sec + 1 min 3 min 20 sec 5 minutes 2 × 5 = 10 minutes
Section C
3 Mark 30 sec + 4 min 30 sec 5 minutes 1 × 5 = 5 minutes
(2 parts)
Section E
4 Mark 40 sec + 1 min 4min 20 sec 6 Minutes 3 x 6 = 18 minutes
Section D
TOTAL TIME TAKEN 12 Questions = 48 minutes
4
TIME LEFT FOR REVISION 22 minutes
Students should keep the following points in mind:

Practice : -The more you practice math problems, the better.

The Golden Rule to master Math is by writing.

Review :- If you have made any mistakes, you should review them and
understand where your problem-solving skills let you down.

Understand your doubts: - Don’t skip the questions that you

don’t understand, clear the doubts that will help you to progress to
the rest of the questions

Apply math to real world – As much as possible, try to

apply your knowledge in real life situations .

5
 KNOWING OUR NUMBERS

 0, 1 ,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are called digits. A sin-

gle or a group of digits denoting a number is
called a numeral or a number. Writing a number
in words is called numeration.

INDIAN PLACE VALUE CHART

X=5
INTERNATIONAL PLACE VALUE CHART

Y=2

Face Value of X = 5
Place Value of X = 50,00,000 (face value x Position value)
or 50 lakhs
Face Value of Y = 2
Place Value of Y = 200,000,000 (face value x Position value)
or 2 hundred millions

 The standard unit of length, mass and capacity are metre, gram and litre respectively.

To Convert Units,
Remember:

From Big to Small,

“MULTIPLY”
Rule — BSM

From Small to Big,

“DIVIDE”
Rule — SBD
REMEMBER: King Henry Doesn’t Usually Drink Chocolate Milk

6
7
 Rounding Whole Numbers
5 or more,
let it soar.
4 or less,
let it rest.

• Estimation is the method of obtaining an approximate value of a quantity or

numerical expression.
• Estimation is used in many practical situations where we do not need the ex-
act number.
• Words such as about, almost, over, approximately, at most and so on indi-
cate that the value is an estimate.
• Estimating is done by rounding off numbers to the nearest tens, hundreds,
thousands and so on.

Using Brackets:
Turn everything inside the brackets ( ) into a single number and then do the
operation outside.
70 × (52 + 65) = 70 × 117 = 8190
Expanding brackets:
15 × 102 = 15 × (100 + 2) = 15 × 100 + 15 × 2 = 1500 + 30 = 1530
BODMAS Rule:
Brackets Of Division Multiplication Addition Subtraction

8
 There are in all
• In the International system of numeration, the • 9 numbers of 1-digit
commas are placed after every
3 digits, counting from the right to left. • 90 numbers of 2-digits
• 900 numbers of 3-digits
• To arrange the numbers in ascending or de-
scending order, the symbol > or < must be used. • 9000 numbers of 4-digits

• No roman numeral is repeated more than

3 times.
INFINITY
• The symbols V, L, D are never repeated.
Counting numbers have no end.
They go on forever. This is called
• Direct answer must not be written (except one infinity.
mark answers).

• All the steps must be written leading to the an-

swer.

Common Errors
1
2
Arrange the given prices of laptops in Solve the following expression:
ascending order : (2 Marks) 34 — 4 × ( 6 + 20 ÷ 2) (2 Marks)
₹43,999; ₹21,990; ₹27,990; ₹ 23,989

21990, 23989, 27990, 43999

21990 < 23989 < 27990 <

43999
3
Tina often travels during
her job. Last week she drove
553 km in total. Estimate
about how many kilometers
she drove each day.
(4 Marks)

9
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1. How many 4-digit numbers are there in all 1

2. The smallest number from the given numbers 6895, 4875, and 5689 will have its smallest
digit at ________ place. 1

3. Write the following in standard form 2

(i) 50000 + 8000 + 600 + 40 + 1
(ii) 70000 + 600 + 7

1.2 COMPARING NUMBERS

HAD AN IDEA

4. In the Indian System of numeration, we write one million for 1

a) One lakh b) Ten lakhs c) Ten Thousand d) Thousands
5. Shekhar is a famous cricket player. He has so far scored 6,980 runs in test matches.
He wishes to complete 10,000 runs. How many more runs he need?
a) 2030 b) 30201 c) 21030 d) 3020 1
6. Find the smallest five-digit number which can be formed by using different digits from
the given number bucket. 1

7. Write the given number 654872321 in its expanded form.

Also write the same number in Indian and International system
of numeration.
4

Rough Work

10
NEARLY THERE
8. Allen goes to the car showroom to buy a luxury car. He checks on the prices for differ-
ent models of the cars displayed in the showroom. Arrange the given prices of cars in descend-
ing order so that Allen can decide to buy the car. 2

NAILED IT!
9. Find the quotient when the place value of 8 is divided by the place value of 4 in the
number 78520496. 2

10. Ritu is playing with six number cards with digits 2, 8, 7, 1, 4 and 5 written on them. First
she makes largest number and then makes a new number by interchanging the digits 4 and
5. Compare the number with original number and write the difference between both the
numbers. 3

1.3 LARGE NUMBERS

HAD AN IDEA

11. The number of zeroes in 1 crore 1

a) 4 b) 5 c) 7 d) 6

12. In the marriage of her daughter, Leela spent Rs.216766 on food and decorations Rs.122322
on jewelry, Rs.88234 on furniture and Rs.26780 on kitchen items. Find the total amount
spent by her on the above items. 1
a) 545102 b) 454102 c) 102454 d) 454123

13. In a city, polio drops were given to 2,12,583 children on Sunday in March 2008 and to
2,16,813 children in the next month. Find the difference of the number of children getting
polio drops in the two months. 1
a) 4230 b) 2430 c) 3420 d) 4231

Rough Work

11
 14. Cost of washing machine is Rs.67824. Rounded off to the nearest thousand is 1
a) 67000 b) 67800 c) 67900 d) 68000

15. A mobile number consists of ten digits. First four digits are 9,9,7 and 9. Make the
smallest mobile number by using only one digit twice from 8,3,5,6,0. 1
a) 9979003568 b) 99793058 c) 997986530 d) 997980563

16. 3,16,160 people visited a park in 256 days. How many people visited the park in one day?
1
a) 1235 b) 2315 c) 5612 d) 5321

17. Length of river ‘Narmada’ is about 1290km. Its length in metres is_______. 1
a) 12900m b) 129000m c)1290000m d) none of the above

NEARLY THERE
18. A box of medicine contains 20000 tablets each weighing 20 mg. What is the total weight of all
the tablets in the box in gram and in kilogram? 2

19. Rahul went to buy vegetable. He bought 3.5 Kg of onions, 5 Kg of potatoes 2 Kg of

tomatoes and 1.5 Kg of cauliflower. What is the total weight of the vegetables in milligrams? 3

20. A person had Rs 32875 with him. He purchased a colour TV for Rs.14,525 and a fridge for
Rs 12,385. Estimate how much amount will be left with him by rounding off to nearest hundreds.
3

NAILED IT !
21. Mr. Albert owns a sports goods store. He has 48 tennis rackets on display and another 97 in
the storeroom. He wants to estimate the number of tennis rackets in the stock. Find the
correct value obtained after estimation. 1
a) 100 b) 140 c) 150 d) 160
Rough Work

12
22. Tina is a marketing executive. She often travels while doing her job. Last week she drove 548
km in 7 days. Estimate about how many kilometres she drove each day. 2

23. Radius of the Earth is 6400km and that of Mars is 4300000m. Whose radius is bigger and by
how much? 3

24. If cloth required for 1 pair of pyjamas is 1m 200cm and if 50cm of cloth is wasted while
making one pair of pyjamas then how many pairs can be stitched from 50m cloth. 4

25. The school auditorium had a show on Saturday with full capacity. The Total collection of the
ticket sale was Rs 73,500. Each ticket costed Rs 50. As 30 people were admitted as special in-
vitees, they did not have to buy the tickets. Find out the seating capacity of the auditorium.
4

26. There are 380 eggs in a farm. If to fill 14 trays of equal size she was short of 1 dozen eggs,
then find how many eggs could be accommodated in each tray? 4

13
 27.
Observe the given map. In this map,
distance between some major cities
of India is given in km. 4
(i) Find the shortest distance
between New Delhi and Mumbai.

(ii) Calculate the difference of

distances from Secunderabad to
Kolkata and Pune to Bangalore.

(iii) Find the total distance covered

by Anusha to travel from Kanpur
to Jaipur and then back to Kanpur.

14
1.4 USE OF BRACKETS
HAD AN IDEA

28. There are seven plates. Six biscuits are placed on each plate. If 4 biscuits are taken away
from each plate, how many biscuits are placed on the plates? 1
a) 28 b) 14 c) 42 d) 7

29. Evaluate the given expression: 2

50 – (40 ÷ 10) × 5 + 7

NEARLY THERE

30. A sandwich cost Rs.49 and a milkshake cost Rs.71 in JUICE WORLD. Ria wants to do party
with her 12 friends. How much money she will pay for that to the juice world? 1
a) Rs.1500 b) Rs.1400 c) Rs.1560 d) Rs1600

31. Three sandwiches and two cutlets are packed in a lunch box for each of the 142 children
who are going for a picnic. Represent the above situation by using brackets and find the total
number of food items packed. 3

15
NAILED IT !
32. Savi used 7 red flowers and 8 yellow flowers to make a bouquet. 3
(i) Find the total number of flowers used to make 24 such bouquets.

(ii) If Savi had removed 3 flowers from each of the 24 bouqets, how many flowers were left in
the bouquets ?

1.5 ROMAN NUMERALS

HAD AN IDEA

33. XCVI + LIX is 1

a) 165 b) 156 c) 145 d) 155

NEARLY THERE

34. Write the following number DCCLXVI as Hindu-Arabic numeral. 2

NAILED IT !

35. Ryan visits Rome with his family and sees some symbols written on the ancient
manuscripts. Help him to find the correct symbol for the least three-digit number.
1
a) X b) M c) C d) D

16
VALUE BASED
1. A school wants to award its student for
the value of Honesty, Regularity and
Hardwork. If amounts awarded for
Honesty is 250Rs and amount awarded for
Regularity and Hard work are twice and
thrice the award money for Honesty
respectively, then find:
(i) the total money awarded by School. (4)

(ii) Suggest one more value, which school must include for the award.

2. To help her mother, Namrata goes to

buy some from the local super market
with Rs.500. She receives Rs.168 back
from the cashier when she pays the bill.
As soon as she comes out of the super
market, she realizes that she has been
paid Rs.12 extra by the cashier. She goes
back and returns Rs.12 to the cashier.
(i) What was her actual bill amount?
(ii) Also, mention the value shown by
her? (4)

17
CHALLENGE YOURSELF !!!
There is something special about the words RADAR, MALYALAM and the number 232.
They are called PALINDROMES. A palindrome is any group of letters or numbers that reads the
same from forward and backward.

Try and make the biggest and smallest palindromic numbers with as many
different digits as possible

Work Requires More

Work Well Done Work Adequately
Practice and Effort
And Presented Attempted

Remarks: _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Signature:_____________________ Date:_____________

18
WORKING SPACE

19
WORKING SPACE

20
 WHOLE NUMBERS
 Set of Whole numbers ,
W = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, - - - - - - }
 Whole numbers do not have an end. They go
on forever

Predecessor is 10 - 1
an another
Natural
word for ‘ be-
10 9
Numbers
fore ‘ Predecessor

+1
All natural numbers are whole numbers Successor is
but all whole numbers are not natural another word 10 11
numbers
for ‘ after ‘ Successor

Closure Property of whole numbers

Sum of any two whole numbers is a whole number. So whole numbers are closed under
addition.
Eg. 3 + 7 = 10 (whole number)
Multiplication of any two whole numbers is also a whole number. So whole numbers are
closed under multiplication also.
Eg. 4 × 5 = 20 (whole number)
Whole numbers are not closed under subtraction and division.

DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY
Multiplication distributes over addition or subtraction.

Numbers: Example: Algebra:

2 × (7 + 5) = 2 × 7 + 2 × 5 Used for mental
math calculations
2 × (7 - 5) = 2 × 7 - 2 × 5 a×(b+c)=a×b+ a×c
12 × 52 = 12 × ( 50 + 2 )
= 12 × 50 + 12 × 2 a×(b-c)=a×b- a×c

= 600 + 24 = 624

41
 IDENTITY

A number that preserves the identity of every number during a particular operation.

Additive identity is 0 Multiplicative Identity

is 1

Adding 0 to a number leaves it un- Multiplying 1 to a number leaves it un-

changed i.e. the identity of the number changed i.e. the identity of that number
remains the same. That is why 0 is called remains the same. That is why 1 is called
the Additive identity. the Multiplicative identity

Eg: 4 + 0 = 4 Eg: 6 x 1 = 6
11 + 0 = 11 23 x 1 = 23

Commutative Property of Commutative Property of

Addition Multiplication
Two numbers can be added in any order. Two numbers can be multiplied in any
order. The product in each case will be
eg. 7 + 4 = 4 + 7
13 + 25 = 25 + 13 eg. 5 × 9 = 9 × 5
10 × 8 = 8 × 10

Associative Property of Associative Property of

Addition Multiplication
Three numbers can be added in any order. Three numbers can be multiplied in any order.
The sum in each case will be same. The product in each case will be same.

eg. (3 + 5) + 7 = 3 + (5 + 7) eg. (10 × 12) × 3 = 10 × (12 × 3)

(2 + 4) + 6 = 2 + (4 + 6) (26 × 40) × 19 = 26 × (40 × 19)

Note: Subtraction and Division are neither Commutative nor Associative.

42
 The word “ commutative “ comes from com-
mute or move around.
 The word “ associative” comes from associate or
group. It is a rule that refers to grouping.
 Distributive comes from the word distribute or  Unit must be written in
separate into parts. required places.
 Given below is an amazing pattern obtained with
a special number 142857 !!!  All the steps leading to
1 × 142857 = 142857 an answer should be
2 × 142857 = 285714 written. Direct answer
Note that all the
should not be written.
3 × 142857 = 428571 numbers
4 × 142857 = 571428 obtained have
 Name of the property
5 × 142857 = 714285 the same digits… should be mentioned
6 × 142857 = 857142 while answering the
When we multiply it by 7, we get another special questions like — ‘Solve
number using a suitable
7 × 142857 = 999999 property’.

Common Errors
1 Simplify 4 × ( 2 + 6 )

2
Each worker in the
workshop is paid ₹ 5500
per month. Find the total
salary paid by the
workshop to workers. Use
distributive property to
solve.
43
2.1 INTRODUCTION
HAD AN IDEA
1. Numeral for six hundred thirty eight thousand seven hundred two is 1
a) 638702 b) 683702 c) 638720 d) 672038

2. The product of the predecessor and the successor of an odd natural number is always
divisible by 1
a)2 b)3 c)5 d)10

NEARLY THERE

3. Predecessor of zero in the set of whole numbers is 1

a) 2 b) 1 c) 0 d) does not exist

4. Successor of an odd number is always a 1

a) odd number b) even number c) prime number d) cannot predict

5. Which of the following whole numbers has the same face value and place value: 1
a) 10 b) 0 c) 1 d) 100

6. Determine the sum of four numbers which are given below: 4

a) Successor of 32
b) Predecessor of 49
c) Predecessor of Predecessor of 56
d) Successor of Successor of 67

Rough Work

44
NAILED IT !

7. Help Lily and Reena to find how many whole numbers are there between 24 and 39
2

8. The digits 4 and 0 of the number 93460 are interchanged. Find the difference between
the new number and the original number 2

2.2 OPERATIONS ON NUMBER LINE

9. Use a number line to find the value of the following: 3

(i) 1+6 (ii) 8 – 3 (iii) 4 × 2

2.3 PROPERTIES OF WHOLE NUMBERS

HAD AN IDEA

10. If two whole numbers are added, the sum is always a_________ number 1
a) Whole b) Fractional c) Decimal d) None of these

11. Which of the following properties is not true for the addition of whole numbers 1
a) Commutativity
b) Associativity
c) Closure property

45
12. Solve the following expressions by suitable rearrangement: (3)
(i) 606 + 295 + 244 + 105 (ii) 4 × 25 × 30 × 125

13. Name the property used in the following

(i) 1,20,987 + 0 = 1,20,987
(ii) 34 × ( 99 × 68 ) = ( 34 × 99 ) × 68
(iii) 11 × ( 50 – 18 ) = 11 × 50 - 11 × 18
(iv) 36,335 × 1 = 36,335
(v) 46 + 101 = 101 + 46

NEARLY THERE

14. If the product of two whole numbers is zero then one of the numbers will be 1
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 5

15. Which of the following is not defined 1

a) 5 + 0 b) 5 - 0 c) 5 × 0 d) 5 ÷ 0

16. Choose the correct value using a suitable property: 1

389 x 17 + 389 x 23 + 389 x 60
a) 389 b) 38900 c) 389000 d) 3890

17. Find the product of the greatest 3digit number and 176 using a suitable property.
2

NAILED IT !
18. Fill in the blanks with the correct number: 1
977 × 8 = 977 × 12 - 977 × ____
a) 0 b) 5 c) 4 d) 6
Rough Work

46
 19. A florist arranges 6 gladioli and 7 roses in a bouquet. Raj buys 5 such bouquets for the
school annual function. What is the total number of flowers in these 5 bouquets. Use
an appropriate property to find. 2

20. How much greater is the smallest 5

digit number with three different
digits than the largest 4 digit number
with all different digits? 3

21. Find the value of the following using a suitable property 3

a) 54279 × 92 + 8 × 54279
(b) 81265 × 169 – 81265 × 69
(c) 3845 × 5 × 782 + 769 × 25 × 218

2.4 OPERATIONS ON WHOLE NUMBERS

HAD AN IDEA
22. If a and b are two whole numbers then which of the following may not always be
a whole number
1
a) a + b b) a × b c) a - b d) a + 2b

NEARLY THERE
23. You have a small party at home. You want to arrange 6 rows of chairs with 8 chairs in each
row. But the room is not enough to accommodate rows of 8 chairs. It is possible to have 8
rows with 6 chairs in each row. How many chairs do you require now? Will you require more
number of chairs? (Use appropriate property) 2

Rough Work

47
24. In a town 1 out of every 27 people owns a car. If total population of the town is
49626 then how many people have cars? (3)

25. Tripti sold 5 books of raffle tickets. Hari sold 10 books of raffle tickets. If the books
sold by Tripti had 10 tickets each, and those sold by Hari had 6 tickets each, who sold
more tickets and by how much? (3)

26. In a large housing complex, there are 14 small buildings and 25 large buildings. Each
of the small building has 14 floors with 3 apartments on each floor. Each of the large
building has 12 floors with 2 apartments on each floor. How many apartments are there
in all? (4)

48
2.5 PATTERNS IN WHOLE NUMBERS
NEARLY THERE
27. Study the pattern to find the missing number 1
(2X2) - (1X1)=3
(3X3) - (2X2)=5
(4X4) - (3X3)=7
( 54 X 54 ) - ( 53 X 53 ) = ______
a) 107 b) 2862 c) 1 d) 0

28. Study the pattern and find the 20th group in the given sequences
(1,4,8), (2,8,16), (3,12,24), (4,16,32), …………………………………...

VALUE BASED

29. Anu’s school is 3Km 520m away from her home. One day while returning from her
school, just after covering 1 km 370m distance, she saw a woman who was bleeding. She
took her to the hospital which was again 3 km 520m away from that place and got her ad-
mitted. She came back to her home which was 2km 630m from the hospital. 4
a) Find the total distance covered by Anu while coming back on that day
(using an appropriate property)
b) What value of life is depicted by Anu.

CHALLENGE YOURSELF!!
Fill in the blank cells of the magic square drawn.
Note that, in a magic square,
the sum of numbers in each horizontal row = sum of numbers in each vertical column
= sum of numbers in each diagonal 4

9 14
13
12 10

49
 Work Requires More
Work Well Done Work Adequately
Practice and Effort
And Presented Attempted

Remarks: _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Signature:_____________________ Date:_____________

WORKING SPACE

50
WORKING SPACE

51
WORKING SPACE

52
 BASIC GEOMETRICAL IDEAS
SYNOPSIS
What is Geometry?
Path of a point moving at a It is the branch of mathematics which
same distance from a fixed deals with properties and relations with
points, lines, angles and polygons.

Center, radius and circumfer-

POINT - A point marks a posi-

Chord, diameter, sector, seg-
tion and does not have any size.

Diameter divides the circle in

two semi-circles
Line Segment - A line seg-
ment is a part of a line with two
Circle
Basic Geometrical Ideas

Quadrilat- Line - A line is a collection

eral – A
quadrilateral is a of points that continues for-
four sided pol- ever in both directions

Triangles– A trian- Intersecting Lines -

gle is a three sided Intersecting lines are lines
hat pass through the same
point
Angles - An angle is
formed when two rays
Ray - A ray starts
from one point and ex-
Polygons - A polygon is a simple tends in one direction
closed curve made up of line seg-

Curve - Any drawing Parallel Lines - Parallel

(straight or non-straight) lines are lines that never in-
29
CURVES
Examples of Closed Curves made of Curved Lines

A curve that A curve that is sim-

is not simple
and not

A closed curve that is not A simple closed

A circle is a shape with all points at the same distance from its

30
Euclid was a Greek Mathematician who lived
around 330BC. He laid down the principles
of geometry through his book called Ele-
ments. He is referred to as the father of ge-
ometry.

The tradition of making rangolis in India

dates back to 2500 BC. In Tamil Nadu and
Andhra Pradesh, Rangoli called as kolam is
generally geometric lines drawn around a
grid pattern of points. It is made with rice
flour every morning outside the front en-
trance of the house. Rice flour is used so that
the ants, birds and other small creatures can
feed on it.

31
 COMMON ERRORS
1. From the figure given, name all the angles:
D

4.1 INTRODUCTION
1. The surface of which of the following does not represent a plane 1
a) book b) wall c) football d) floor of your room

2.Name two examples for each of the following from your surroundings. 2
(i) Line (ii) Line Segment (iii) Parallel lines (iv) Perpendicular Lines

3. Use the given figure and name a line, any three rays and any four line segments.
4

4.2 BASIC CONCEPTS (Point, Line, Line Segment, Ray, Angles, Intersecting Lines, Parallel
Lines, Perpendicular Lines, Curves)

HAD AN IDEA
4. When more than two lines pass through a single point, then they are called 1
a) Intersecting lines b) Parallel lines c) Concurrent lines d) None of the above

32
5. What is the figure formed by two rays with a common end point known as? 1

6. Number of lines passing through five points such that no three of them are
collinear is 1
a) 10 b) 5 c) 20 d) 8

NEARLY THERE
7. Number of line segments in the given figure is 1
a) 5 b) 10 c) 15 d) 20

8. What is the maximum number of points of intersection of three lines in a plane? 2

What is the minimum number?

9. Count the number of segments drawn in the following figure and name them 2

10. From the given figure, name the following: 3

a) 2 pairs of parallel lines
b) 2 pairs of intersecting lines
c) Lines whose point of intersection is C.

NAILED IT!
11. From the given figure, name the following:
2
a) Line containing point B
b) Point of intersection of line CO and line AE
c) A point in the exterior of line AE
d) A point on line CO

33
 12. Name the geometric figures representing the following in the map given below.
2
(a) King Faisal road.
(b) Cricket field
(c) Road from Etisalat towards DPS
(d) DPS

13. Draw the following figures 3

(A) Two intersecting lines CD and MN (intersecting at O) which has
Point G on line CD
Point F in the interior of NOD
(B) Triangle LMN which has
Point Q in the exterior
Point A on side MN
Point P in the interior

14. Name all the angles in the figure given below 3

15. Answer the following questions based on the figure given below 4
a) Name any two pair of opposite rays?
b) Name the line that contain the point Y.
c) Name all the line segments which has B as one of its
endpoint.
d) Name any two rays and mention its end points.

34
 16. A,B,C are in the interior of the closed figure at the right and E,F,G,P are in its exterior
(i) How many times does each line segment from P
intersect the figure.
(ii) Are D and H in the interior or in the exterior?

4.3 POLYGONS

HAD AN IDEA
17. A bee uses----- shape in building its house 1
a) cube b) octagon c) hexagon d) square

NEARLY THERE
18. The number of diagonals in a heptagon is 1
a) 21 b) 42 c) 7 d) 14

19. In quadrilateral ABCD, name the following: 2

a) One pair of opposite sides
b) One pair of opposite angles

NAILED IT!
21. A polygon has prime number of sides. Its number of sides is equal to the sum of the
two least consecutive primes. The number of diagonals of the polygon is 1
a) cube b) octagon c) hexagon d) square

22. A cricket ground is in the shape of a quadrilateral. If the batsman hits a four, then the ball
has to touch a point 1
a) exterior of the quadrilateral b) on the quadrilateral
c) interior of the quadrilateral d) none of these

35
23. Draw a quadrilateral such that its diagonal divides it into two isosceles right triangles.
Also name the quadrilateral 2

24. Illustrate, if possible, each one of the following with a rough diagram: 4
(a) A closed curve that is not a polygon.
(b) An open curve made up entirely of line segments.
(c) A polygon with two sides.
(d) A closed curve that is not simple closed

25. Count all triangles in the given Christmas tree and identify them 4

4.4 CIRCLES

HAD AN IDEA

26. A circle is (1)

a) an open curve b) a closed curve c) a polygon d) none of these

27. Which of the following are the parts of a circle? (3)

Vertex, Chord, Side, Diagonal, Diameter, Centre

36
NEARLY THERE
28. Draw a circle of radius 4cm and mark the following: 4
i) A diameter ii) A segment iii) A sector iv) A radius v) An arc
vi) A point in its exterior

NAILED IT!
29. Can a sector and a segment of a circle coincide? If so, name it.
2

30. Use geometric shapes to make an interesting pattern. (3)

An example is given to you. Identify the shapes used in the shape.

VALUE BASED

1. The Gram Panchayat in a village decided to install wind wheels, for pumping water from
the ground to supply water in the village. 4
(i) Identify whether all the sticks used to make the wheel are of the same length or not. Give
reason.
(ii) What value can you associate Gram Panchayat with?
(iii) Write 5 ways to save energy.

37
2. Traffic lights help control and prevent accidents. It is important that we recog-
nize road signs and traffic signals. When we follow rules on the road, we make
sure that others are safe and so are we. Obeying rules makes us good citizens
and responsible towards the safety of others.
4

Road signs are found in various shapes.

(i) Collect and paste (or draw) the pictures of at least 5 different traffic signs .
(ii) Find out the message each sign carries.

CHALLENGE YOURSELF

From the figure given, find total number of triangles and quadrilaterals .

Work Requires More

Work Well Done Work Adequately
Practice and Effort
And Presented Attempted

Remarks: _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Signature:_____________________ Date:_____________

38
WORKING SPACE

39
WORKING SPACE

40
 PLAYING WITH NUMBERS
SYNOPSIS
A number which is not exactly divisible by 2 is called an odd number.

EVEN NUMBERS ODD NUMBERS

PRIME NUMBERS TYPES COMPOSITE NUMBERS

OF
TWIN PRIMES
NUMBERS PERFECT NUMBERS

CO-PRIME NUMBERS PRIME TRIPLET

• Prime Triplet:
Sum of all Apart from {2,3,5} and {3,5,7},
Perfect prime triplets are sets of the form
Positive Factors factors
Number {n, n + 2, n+6}
excluding itself
6 1,2,3,6 6
28 1,2,4,7,14,28 28
496 1,2,4,8,16,31,62,124,248,496 496

8,128 1,2,4,8,16,32,64,127,254,508, 8,128

1016,2032,4064,8128

1 :1 (1 is neither 11 :1,11 21 :1,3,7,21

prime nor compo-
site as it has only
Comparing PRIME &
one factor.
COMPOSITE Numbers
2 :1,2 12 :1,2,3,4,6,12 22 :1,2,11,22
3 :1,3 13 :1,13 23 :1,23
A PRIME number is a
positive integer with only 4 :1,2,4 14 :1,2,7,14 24 :1,2,,3,4,6,8,12,24
two factors: itself and 1. 5 :1,5 15 :1,3,5,15 25 :1,5,25

A COMPOSITE number is 6 :1,2,3,6 16 :1,2,4,8,16 26 :1,2,13,26

a positive integer with 7 :1,7 17 :1,17 27 :1,3,9,27
more than two factors. 8 :1,2,4,8 18 :1,2,3,6,9,18 28 :1,2,4,7,14,28
9 :1,3,9 19 :1,19 29 :1,29
10 :1,2,5,10 20 :1,2,4,5,10,20 30 :1,2,3,5,6,10,15,30
 FACTORS & MULTIPLES
Find the factors of a number by Find the multiples of a number by
seeing what numbers divide it skip counting by that number.
evenly.
WHAT ARE THE MULTIPLES OF 12?
WHAT ARE ALL THE FACTORS OF 12?

12
12
1
12÷1=12

6 12+12=24

12÷2=6
12+12+12=36
4

12÷3=4
12+12+12+12=48

The Factors of 12 are: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and The Multiples of 12 include: 12, 24, 36,

REMEMBER:
REMEMBER: A FACTOR is a number
A MULTIPLE is a number that can be
that is multiplied with another num-
divided evenly by a given number.
ber to form a product.

This circle has This circle has

multiples of 5 multiples of 6

10 15 24 18
5 20 30 12
35 25 40 42
40 45 60 36
45 50 55 54 48

where the circle

overlaps has common multiples of 5 and 6
EXAMPLES:
Find the H.C.F of 30 and 28
1
STEP 2:
Fill out the Venn diagram.
Put the common numbers in the mid-
dle first. Then, place the remaining
numbers.

HCF and LCM Word Problems

2 3
Vincent has 12 jars of grape jam,
John and Elly are making treat
bags for their class party. 16 jars of strawberry jam, and 24
jars of raspberry jam. He wants to
place the jam into the greatest
John brought 32 pieces of gum.
possible number of boxes so that
Elly brought 40 mints.
each box has the same number of
jars of each kind of jam. How many
What is the greatest number of
boxes does he need?
equal treat bags they can make?

• HCF of two or more numbers is the highest of their common factors.

• The LCM of two or more numbers is the lowest of their common multiples.
• HCF × LCM = Product of the numbers. This property is valid for two numbers only.

DIVISIBILITY RULES SONG

I am a number 2 and I’ll be your friend,
2 14, 360
as long as an even number is on the end.
Number 3 will work for me, you see, 396:
3
if the sum is divisible by 3. 3+9+6 = 18
The number 4 won’t be such a chore,
4 308, 1316
if the last 2 are divisible by 4.
The number 5 is my biggest hero,
5 50, 4555
he has to end in 5 or 0.
The number 6 will always go into me, 1032:
6
as long as so does 2 and 3. 1+0+3+2 = 6
 Number 9 will go into me just fine. 873:
9
If the sum is divisible by 9. 8+7+3 = 18
I’m number 10 and this you should know,
10 20, 150
I always end in a big fat 0!

Some more Divisibility Rules

343: 3×2=6
34 - 6 = 28÷7
9604: 4×2=8
960 - 8=952
Double the last digit subtracted from the number formed by
7 952 : 2 x 2 = 4
the rest of the digits is 0 or a multiple of 7.
95 – 4 = 91
91: 1 x 2 = 2
9–2=7÷7
8 Number formed by the last three digits must be divisible by 8. 816, 5720

4059:
Difference of the sum of the digits in odd places and the sum 4 + 5 = 9 (digits
at even places)
11 of the digits in even
0 + 9 = 9 (digits
places must be either 0 or divisible by 11. at odd places)
9-9=0

INTERESTING FACTS
• Multiply any three consecutive whole numbers.The product is always
divisible by 6.
• A person who found the first prime number with over a million digits won
$50,000 in 1999.
• Every even number greater than 4 can be expressed as the sum of two
odd prime numbers.
For Example: 6 = 3+3; 8 = 3+5; 10 = 3+7; 12 = 5+7; 14 = 3+11;
16 = 5+11; and so on.
• The number 5 is the only prime number which can be expressed both as
sum and difference of two primes. 5= 2+3=7—2
• 113 is a prime number. So are 131 and 311.
 EXAM ALERT
• If you are looking for the factors of a number, divide. If you are looking for the
multiples, multiply.
• HCF of two or more numbers is the highest of their common factors.
• Though HCF has term highest in its name yet HCF being merely a factor smaller
than all the numbers involved.
• The LCM of two or more numbers is the lowest of their common multiples.
• The LCM of a group of the numbers is not less than any of the numbers.
• HCF × LCM = Product of the numbers. This property is valid for two numbers only.

COMMON ERRORS

1 2
Find HCF of 60, 315

3.1 INTRODUCTION
1. List first six multiples of 16. 3

2. Find all factors of 36. 4

3. Simplify: 4
(i) 5 × 6 ÷ 3
(ii) {45 ÷ (7 + 8)} - 3

3.2 FACTORS and MULTIPLES

HAD AN IDEA
4. The number of numbers having exactly one factor are 1
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3

5. Which of the following is the factor of every number 1

a) -1 b) zero c) 1 d) any number

6. The number of multiples of a given number is 1

a) 1 b) 2 c) finite d) infinite

NEARLY THERE
7. The greatest two-digit even multiple of 5 is 1
a) 95 b) 100 c) 92 d) 90

8. The sum of the factors of 25 is 1

a) 7 b) 6 c) 31 d) 26

9. Which of the following pair is co-prime 1

a) 6 & 8 b) 18 & 35 c) 7 & 35 d) 30 & 415

Rough Work
11. Express each of the following numbers as the sum of three odd primes: 3
(i) 31 (ii) 53

NAILED IT!
12. Find the sum of primes between 16 to 80 and 90 to 100. 3

3.4 TESTS for DIVISIBILITY of NUMBERS

HAD AN IDEA

13. A number is divisible by 4 if it’s 1

a) last digit is 4 b) last digit is 0 c) last two digits are divisible by 4.
d) last digit is 8.

14. If a number is divisible by two co-prime numbers then it is divisible by their 1

a) sum also b) difference also c) product also d) quotient also

NEARLY THERE
15. Replace A by the smallest number to make it divisible by 9 in 78A2. 2
3.5 COMMON FACTORS and COMMON MULTIPLES

HAD AN IDEA
16. Find the common factors of 15 and 25. 1
a) 15 b) 25 c) 75 d) 5

17. Find first three common multiples of 12 and 18. 3

NEARLY THERE
18. I am a prime number. I am a factor of 65 but not a factor of 60. Who am I? 1
a) 5 b) 17 c) 11 d) 13

HAD AN IDEA
19. I am the smallest number, having four different prime factors. Can you find me? 2

20. In a colony of 100 blocks of flats numbering 1 to 100, a school van stops at every
sixth block while a school bus stops at every tenth block. On which stops will both of
them stop if they start from the entrance of the colony? 3

Rough Work
3.6 SOME MORE DIVISIBILITY RULES

NEARLY THERE
21. Check the divisibility of 3192 by 7. 2

22. Replace ‘m’ in a given figure with a smallest digit such that the is divisible by 11.
3

NAILED IT !

23. Is 36270 divisible by 15? Verify your answer. 4

24. Find the digits p and q if p7q6 is divisible by 24 4

3.7 PRIME FACTORISATION

HAD AN IDEA
25. The product of two numbers is 81. If their L.C.M is 9 find their H.C.F? 1
a)18 b) 9 c) 2 d) 81

26. Find all the prime factors of the smallest 5-digit number. 3

NEARLY THERE
27. ____________ and _________are never used in prime factorization 1
a) 2 and odd numbers b) 1 and composite numbers
c) 5 and prime numbers d) 7 and smallest prime numbers

28. Prime factorization of greatest two digit number is 1

a) 3 × 3 × 11 b) 9 × 11 c) 2 × 2 × 25 d) 2 × 5

3.8 HIGHEST COMMON FACTOR (HCF)

NEARLY THERE

29. Which of the following is the HCF of the numbers 20, 28 and 36 ? 1
a) 20 b) 36 c) 4 d) 5

NAILED IT !

216
30. Reduce to the lowest terms using their H.C.F. 3
450
3.9 LOWEST COMMON MULTIPLE (LCM)
HAD AN IDEA
31. Which of the following is the LCM of the numbers 20 , 30 and 60 ? 1
a) 20 b) 30 c) 60 d) 36000

NEARLY THERE
32. Find the least number which when divided by 20, 25, 30 and 36 leaves a
remainder 4 in each case. 4

3.10 WORD PROBLEMS on HCF and LCM

NEARLY THERE

33. 84 girls and 72 boys are learning music in Symphony Music Institute. These
students have to be grouped such that each group has same number of students and
no student is left out. Find the maximum number of groups that can be made. 3

34. In a school library, there are 780 books of English and 364 books of Science.
Ms. Rita, the librarian of the school wants to store these books in shelves such that
each shelf should have the same number of books. Help her to find the maximum
number of shelves required. 3
36. A metro train on platform ‘A’ arrives after every 3 minutes 12 seconds and anoth-
er metro train on platform ‘B’ arrives after every 1 minute 12 seconds. At 8 a.m. on a
particular day, both trains arrive on the respective platforms together. At what time will
both the platforms have trains together again. 4

37. An electronic device makes a beep after every 60 seconds. Another device makes a beep after
every 62 seconds. They beeped together at 10am for the first time. Find the time when they
will next make a beep together at the earliest.

VALUE BASED

1. Aaryan wants to gift a laptop worth 26,000 to his younger sister on her birthday.
He saves money every month for a year, which is the sum of the first 5 multiples of
2000. 4
(i) Find whether Aaryan will be able to gift the laptop to his sister.
(ii) Write 2 advantages of the process of planning to achieve a goal.

2. Aarushi is helping her father plant trees to create a border around the backyard. 4
Aarushi plants a tree every 25 minutes and her father plants a tree every 15 minutes.
(i) If they started together, how long will it be before they would finish planting a tree at the
same time.

(ii) Why are trees useful? Write any two.

CHALLENGE YOURSELF !

There are just four numbers less than 100, with exactly 3 factors. One of them is 9. What are
the other three? What do you notice about these four numbers?

Work Well Done Work Adequately Work Requires More

And Presented Attempted Practice and Effort
 PLAYING WITH NUMBERS

3.1 : 1) 16, 32, 48, 64, 80 and 96; 2) 1,2,3,4,6,9,12,18 and 36;
3i) 10; 3ii) 0

3.2 :4) b; 5) c; 6) d; 7) d; 8) c; 9) b

3.3 :10) - 11-i) 7+11+13 11-ii) 11+13+29; 12) 847

3.4 :13) c; 14) c; 15) A=1;

3.5 :16) d; 17) 36, 72, 108; 18) d; 19) 210; 20) 30, 60, 90

3.6 :21) Yes. 22) m = 3; 23) Yes. Factors of 15 are 3 and 5. So, given number
must be divisible by 3 and 5 both. 24) p = 2, q = 3

3.7 :25) b; 26) 2× 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3; 27) b; 28) b

3.8 :29) c; 30) 12/25

3.9 :— 31) 60; 32) 1804

3.10 :— 33) 12; 34) 52; 35) 5:36p.m. 36) 08:09:36 a.m. 37) 10:31a.m.

Value Based

1i) Yes. (ii) Any relevant value; 2i) 1hr 15 minutes (ii) Any relevant value
 MENSURATION
SYNOPSIS

21
AREA of a shape is the size of
its surface

1 hectare = 10,000 m2

Some examples of
measured areas are:

The area of a
Area of UAE is about Person’s Hand is
83600 km2 about 120 cm2

22
10.1 Introduction to Perimeter & Perimeter of a Rectangle

HAD AN IDEA
1. The length and breadth of a rectangle are 150cm and 1 m respectively. Find its perimeter.
1
a) 250 cm b) 151 cm c) 500 cm d) 202 cm

2. Find the perimeter of the given figure ? 2

3. Which has greater perimeter: Square with side 5cm OR Rectangle with length 5cm,
breadth 4 cm OR Triangle with each side 5cm OR Regular pentagon with side 6 cm.
2

NEARLY THERE
4. The length of a rectangle is twice its breadth . If perimeter is 36 cm then its length is ________
1
a) 4 b) 8 c) 10 d) 12

12 cm

14 cm
5. From the figure drawn, find the length of the unknown side if the
perimeter of the triangle is 36 cm. 1
a) 11 cm b) 9 cm c) 20 cm d) 2 × 5 cm

6. The perimeter of an isosceles triangle is 154 cm. Its base is 42 cm. Find its equal side
A B

7. Observe the figure drawn and

x
find x if its perimeter is 270mm 3
E
C
D

23
 NAILED IT !

8. Length of a lawn is three times its breadth. Dinkar walked around it 5 times and covered a
distance of 2 km. What is the length of the lawn in metres? 3
3x

9. Observe the figure drawn, in which a square of

side 15cm is removed from one corner of the given
rectangle. Find the perimeter of the shaded region.

10.2 PERIMETER OF REGULAR SHAPES

HAD AN IDEA

10. All the angles of _______________figure are equal. 1

a) open b) closed c) irregular d) regular

11. Deepak has a string of length 50 cm . He makes different regular polygons using it.
Write the names of polygons which he can make and also the length of each side of polygon
made ? 4

NEARLY THERE
12. The perimeter of a regular polygon is 164.5cm and length of each side is 23.5cm .Find the
number of sides of this polygon . What name it has ? 3

13. The perimeter of a square pool is 400 m. Find the area of the pool ? 3

14. A piece of string is 180 cm long. What will be the length of each side, if the string is used to
form : 1
(i) An equilateral triangle (ii) A regular pentagon (iii) A square

24
NAILED IT !
15. The perimeter of a square is 40m. If the area of a rectangle is 16 sq. m. less than the area
of the square . Find the area of the rectangle.
3

16. Ram wants to put a fence around a square field at Rs 2 per metre . If total cost amounts
to Rs. 200, then what will be the area of the field? 3

10.3 AREA
HAD AN IDEA

17. 15000000 m2 = ________________km2 3

a) 15 b) 150 c) 1.5 d) 1500

NEARLY THERE
18. The area of a square is 64 cm2. Its side is 1
a) 8 cm b) 10 cm c) 7.5 cm d) 7cm

19. If the sides of a square are halved , then its area ______________ 2
a) remains same b) becomes half c) becomes double d) becomes ¼

20. The length and breadth of a rectangle are 10 cm and 8 cm respectively. If its length is
doubled , then what will be its new area ? 3

NAILED IT !
21. The number of square tiles of side 5cm which can be paved on a rectangular floor of
2m by 1.5m is
a)1200 b)2400 c)600 d)400 2

22. A room is 4m 25cm long and 3m 75cm broad. Find the area of carpet needed to
cover the floor in sq. m. 2

25
23. A floor is 5m long 2.5m wide .A square carpet of side 3.5 m is spread on the floor.
Find the area of the floor that is not carpeted ? 4

24. Dilshad wants to cover the floor of a room 4.5m wide and 7.5 m long by squared
tiles. If each square tile is of 0.5 m ,then find the number of tiles required to cover the
room. 4

25. Seven square flower beds each of side 2 m are dug on a rectangular piece of land
8 m long and 5 m wide. What is the area of the remaining part of the land? 3

VALUE BASED
26. Ruhaani made book covers of size 23cm × 15 cm out of a handmade sheet of size
5m × 3m 45cm and sold them at Rs. 12 each. She donated this amount for education of
poor children. How much amount did she donate and what value is exhibited by her ?

CHALLENGE YOURSELF !!

Find out area of your house from your parents.

Your home may or maynot be a rectangle.

Now visualise a rectangle with the same area.

Work Requires More

Work Well Done Work Adequately
Practice and Effort
Attempted
And Presented
Remarks: _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Signature:_____________________ Date:_____________

26
WORKING SPACE

27
WORKING SPACE

28
 DATA HANDLING
SYNOPSIS

What is a data set or data

Eg.
Fish eaten by dolphins kept in Dubai
Aquarium per day is
10, 12, 10, 8 , 20, 10, 15, 18

The set of numbers

10, 12, 10, 8 , 20, 10, 15, 18 forms
a data set or data. The collection of
numbers gathered to give some
information is called the data.

Data

Organisation of data Presentation of data

Tally Charts Pictograph Bar Graph

Using a
Frequency
Table

66
 Tally Chart

A table that organizes the

data by using tally marks.

Favourite Pet of a class

of 30 students

Favourite Pet Tally Marks Number

Cat IIII IIII I 11

Dog IIII IIII 10

Rabbit IIII 4
Parrot IIII 5

Pictograph
Number of ice creams sold by some students in carnival

pictures /
A Pictograph symbols
has a title
A pictograph
has a key to
A Pictograph indicate what
has labels for does
pictures / symbols
Pictograph uses pictures to represent the data

67
 Bar Graphs
Favourite colour of a class of 45 students Scale
Scale
On Y axis, 1 unit = 5 students

The quantity
represented 15
No. of Students

on the
vertical axis
should be The quantity
written here 10 represented
on the
horizontal
axis should be
written here
Red Green Yellow Blue
Colours
The bar graph uses bars to represent the data

 The word pictograph has different meanings in different fields.

In Prehistoric Art, pictograph means art painted on the rock surfac-
es. These dates back to as early as 70,000 B.C.

In Modern times, pictograph refers to simple, pictorial symbols allo-

cated for some distinct objects. Eg. Symbols for traffic rules, facili-
ties available in a place etc

Emojis are modern pictographs for our emotions

In Mathematics, pictograph are charts in which symbols represent

numbers.

68
 Exam Alerts

Favourite Subject Number of Students

Q Represent the data Math 30
given below by a bar
graph Science 70

Social Studies 20

Art 60

English 90

69
9.1 ORGANISING THE DATA : TALLY CHARTS

NEARLY THERE
1. Given below are the ages of 25 students of class X in a school. Prepare a tally chart from
the given data

NAILED IT
2. The choices of fruits of 42 students in a class are as follows:
A , O , B , M , A , G , B , G , A , G ,B , M , A , G , M, A ,B , G , M , B ,A , O
M , O , G , B ,O , M , G , A , A , B , M , O , M , G , B , A , M , O , M , O
where A, B, G, M and O stand for the fruits Apple, Banana, Grapes, Mango and Orange respec-
tively. Prepare a tally chart for the data.
Which two fruits are liked by an equal number of students? 3

3. Aditya decided to conduct a study on most popular

4
Colour of Car No of cars
car color. So he stood outside his house and recorded
the observation of 50 cars that passed from there. Red Car 20
Observe the given data and answer the following questions:
a.How many cars did Aditya count? Green car 12
b.How many blue cars and red cars did Aditya count?
Blue Car 5
c.What is the most popular car color?
White Car 9

Yellow Car 4

70
4.The table given here shows the number of calories contained in one serving of favourite
cereal of students. Make a frequency table for the data. 4
a) How many calories are in one serving of most of the cereals?
b) If a student eats two servings of his favorite cereal, what is the greatest and least number
of calories possible that he will consume?
70 120 100 100 140
70 120 100 100 100
110 100 110 120 100
110 100 100 110 150
90 110 120 110 100
140 130 100 80 100
100 110 80 90 110

9.2 Pictograph : Drawing & Interpretation

NEARLY THERE
5. How many balls are represented in the pictograph below. If = 12 balls
a) 12 b) 60 c) 72 d) 7

6. If a symbol represents 10 balloons, then the number of symbols to be drawn to

represent 120 balloons is 1
a) 6 b) 10 c ) 18 d) 12

7. The children at Brook School collect computer vouchers.

Altogether, they need 10000 vouchers to get a computer.
How many more vouchers do they need? 1
a) 6500 b) 7000 c) 7500 d) 8500

8 a) A camping shop sells tents, sleeping bags and backpacks.

The pictograph drawn below shows how many of each were sold
in June. The shop had 20 sleeping bags at the beginning of June.
How many of these sleeping bags were left at the end
of June?
a)5 b)6 c)7 d)8
8 b) With reference to the information of the above
question, in July, the shop sold three times as many
tents as in June. How many tents did the shop sell in
July?
a) 10 b) 12 c) 16 d) 18

71
NAILED IT!
9. The following pictograph depicts the information about the areas in sq km
(to nearest hundred) of some districts of Chhattisgarh State: 3
a) What is the area of Koria district?
b) Which two districts have the same area?
c) How many districts have area more than 5000 square
kilometres?

10. Students of Class VI in a school were given a task to count the number of articles made
of different materials in the school. The information collected by them is represented below.
Observe the pictograph and answer the following questions: 4
a) Which material is used in maximum number of articles?
b) Which material is used in minimum number of articles?
c) Which material is used in exactly half the number of
articles as those made up of metal?
d) What is the total number of articles counted by the
students?

11. The number of scouts in a school is depicted by a pictograph: Observe the

pictograph and answer the following questions: 4
a) Which class has the minimum number of
scouts?
(b) Which class has the maximum number of
scouts?
c) How many scouts are there in Class VI?
(d) Which class has exactly four times the
scouts as that of Class X?
e) What is the total number of scouts in the
Classes VI to X?

72
12. The following table gives information about the circulation of newspapers (dailies) in a
town in five languages. Draw a pictograph for the data given, using a symbol of your choice,
each representing 1000 newspapers. 4

Language English Hindi Tamil Punjabi Gujarati

Number of
5000 8500 500 2500 1000
Newspaper

13. A survey of the favourite ice cream flavours of 45 children in the

neighborhood gave the following data: 4
Draw a pictograph for the above data. Ice-cream Number of
children
Vanilla 8
Chocolate 15

Caramel 10

Pista 7
Strawberry 5

9.3 BAR GRAPH - DRAWING & INTERPRETATION

HAD AN IDEA
14. The production of books in a printing press of a publication house for a week was
1500,1800,2000,2500,500. To draw a bar graph for this data, the best scale would be:
1
a)1 unit =100 books b) 1 unit =500 books,
c) 1 unit=50 books d) 1unit =1000 books

15. When the height of the bar is measured along the X axis it is called a _________ bar
graph 1
a) Horizontal b) vertical c) standing d) none of these

73
 NEARLY THERE
16. The difference between the height of two bars is 12 units. If the height of the taller bar
is 15 units then the height of the other bar is _____units 1
a)27 b) 12 c) 3 d) 4

17. In a bar graph, if a unit represents 1,500 bulbs then the bar having a height of
5 units represents how many bulbs? 1
a) 7500 b) 3000 c) 2500 d) 6500

18. The graph in the given figure shows the number

of trees planted during four consecutive years in a
particular city. As seen in the given graph the maxi-
mum number of trees were planted in the year
1
a) 2003 b) 2004 c) 2005 d) 2006

19. The given bar graph shows the number of

vehicles passing through road crossing in Delhi
at different time intervals on a particular day.
Mr. Singh hates to drive in heavy traffic. 1
During which hour should he avoid to drive?

20. Some children chose their favourite sport. The

graph drawn shows the results. 1
Which sport was chosen by most of the children?
a) Tennis b) Football c) Swimming d) Basketball

21. This bar graph shows the number of peo-

ple who went to watch a school play. Estimate
the number of people who went on Thursday
and Friday together.
1

74
 NAILED IT

22. Five children collect money to plant trees. Here is a

bar chart of the amounts they have raised so far.
Their target is £40 altogether. How much more money
do they need to reach the target? 1
a) £ 5 b) £ 10 c) £ 15 d) £ 20

23. In a survey of 85 families of a colony, the number of members in each family

was recorded and the data was represented by the following bar graph.
Read the bar graph carefully and answer the following questions: 4
a) What information does the bar graph give?
b) How many families have 3 members?
c) How many people live alone?
d) Which type of family is the most common? How many members are there in
each family of this kind?
Number of members
in a family

Number of families

24. Sujith is the in-charge of the food counter for the school Carnival. He conducted a
survey among 40 students to find the favourite type of pizza. The bar graph showing
the survey result is represented below. 2

a) Based on the information collected, if

Favourite Pizza Scale 1 CM = 1 Student
Sujith orders 400 pizzas how many of
them should be mushroom pizzas?

b) Name the most favourite and the least

favourite pizza.

75
 25. The table given below shows the top speeds of five land animals: 4
a) Name the fastest and the slowest animal?
SPEED
b) Create a visual representation to summarize the given ANIMAL
(km per hour)
data.
Cheetah 110
Wild
80
beast
Lion 80
Elk 70
Zebra 65

VALUE BASED
26. The following table shows the population of a town from 2009 to 2015. Round off the
numbers to the nearest 1000. 4
Draw a bar graph to represent the given data.
YEAR POPULATION
A) In which two consecutive years the difference of population 2009 15400
is maximum? 2010 18200
B) Find the range of the data. 2011 19700
C) Why is the increasing population a 2012 21100
problem for the development of our country?
2013 22900
2014 24000
2015 25300

CHALLENGE YOURSELF
27. The number of persons in various age(in years) groups in a town is given in the follow-
ing table: Draw a bar graph to represent the above information and answer the following
questions:
a) What % of the population does the group of 1-14 years represent?
b)
Age 1-14 15-29 30-44 45-59 60-74 75 and above
No. of persons 1,10,000 1,00,000 85,000 70,000 45,000 30,000

76
 Work Requires More
Work Well Done Work Adequately
Practice and Effort
And Presented Attempted

Remarks: _________________________________________________________________

Signature:_____________________ Date:_____________

77
WORKING SPACE

78
WORKING SPACE

79
 SYMMETRY
SYNOPSIS
Suppose we could fold a picture in half such that the left and right halves match exactly then the
picture is said to have symmetry.

Monuments of architectural marvel are beautiful because of their symmetry

A figure may have 1 line of symmetry or 2 lines of sym-

metry or multiple lines of symmetry or no line of sym-
metry.

A figure which is not symmetric is called as Asymmet-

80
 Figures with three line of
symmetry

REFLECTION & SYMMETRY

In reflection, the object and the image
are identical. However there is change
in the orientation.
Figure (1) Figure (2)
If the mirror is placed vertically like
in figure (3), then there is left-right
change in the orientation.
Figure (3)

The objects whose image in a mirror has no

change in orientation is said to be have H
Reflectional Symmetry. Example: A A
H
Number of
Polygon Figure
Lines of sym-

Equilateral Triangle 3

Isosceles Triangle 1 LINES OF

SYMMETRY
FOR
Scalene Triangle 0
DIFFERENT
POLYGONS
Rectangle 2

Square 4

Rhombus 2

Parallelogram 0

81
 Type of a Regular
Name Number of lines of symmetry
Polygon
3 sided regular polygon Equilateral Triangle 3
4 sided regular polygon Square 4
5 sided regular polygon Regular Pentagon 5
6 sided regular polygon Regular Hexagon 6

Therefore n

Interesting Facts

 The capital letters A, B, C, D, E, H, I, K, M, O, T, U, V, W, X,

Y, are symmetrical. Each of these have a horizontal or a vertical line
of symmetry or both.
 The capital letters F, G, J, L, N, P, Q, R, S, Z, are not symmetrical.
 The only lowercase letters that are symmetrical are c, l, o, v, w, and x.

EXAM ALERT

• A simple test to determine if a figure has line symmetry is to visualise the folding of the
figure along a supposed line of symmetry and to see if the two parts of the figure
coincide.
• In mirror reflection, the object & its image are exactly identical but there is change in the
orientation.
1 2
If the mirror is placed ver- If the mirror is placed hori-
tical then the change in zontal then the change in
the orientation is left- the orientation is up-down

COMMON ERRORS
Q Observe the figure drawn and check if it has reflectional symmetry? If yes, then name the
line of

82
 13.1 INTRODUCTION

HAD AN IDEA

1. A line dividing a figure into two identical parts is called 1

a) altitude b) horizontal line c) vertical line d) axis of symmetry

NEARLY THERE
2. In the figures drawn below, the one
which is not symmetric with respect to any
line is: 1
a) (i) b) (ii) c) (iii) d) (iv)

3.Which of the following numbers has only one line of symmetry: 1

a) 1 b) 3 c) 8 d) 0

NAILED IT!
5.Find out, which letters of the word ‘MATHEMATICS’ have: 3
a) vertical line of symmetry b) horizontal line of symmetry c) no line of symmetry

13.2 TWO OR MORE THAN TWO LINES OF SYMMETRY

HAD AN IDEA
6. State whether the following statements are true or false. 4
a) A right angled triangle can have at most one line of symmetry. ( )
b) It is possible to draw only one line of symmetry in a regular pentagon. ( )
c) A scalene triangle has more than one line of symmetry. ( )
d) A hexagon with 6 lines of symmetry must be regular. ( )

83
 7. Fill in the blanks: 3
a) The number of line(s) of symmetry in Taj Mahal is _______.
b) The line of symmetry of a line-segment is the ________bisector of the line segment.

NEARLY THERE
8. The total number of lines of symmetry in the following shape is 1
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) uncountable

9. The number of lines of symmetry that can be drawn in a n-sided regular polygon is 1
a) n b) 2n c) n/2 d) n/4

10. A rhombus is symmetrical about: 1

a) each of its diagonal b) the line joining midpoints of its opposite sides
c) each of its side d) Rhombus does not have any line of symmetry

11. Can you draw a triangle having the following specifications? If yes, then name
the triangle which has:
a) exactly one line of symmetry 3
b) exactly 2 lines of symmetry
c) 3 lines of symmetry

NAILED IT
12. Check and write whether the line(s) of symmetry is possible in the following figures. If yes,
then draw the line(s). 1

13. Draw lines of symmetry on the shapes drawn below. Some shapes may have more than
one line of symmetry. (1 mark each)

84
14. How many line(s) of symmetry do the following figures have: 1
a) An isosceles triangle b) A Rhombus c) A square d) Irregular polygon

15. Complete the figure so that ‘l’ is the line of symmetry of the completed figure 2

16. How many lines of symmetry do the following figures have, if the polygons drawn below
are regular? 3

17. Listed below are all the English

alphabets. Write the alphabets which
have the following types of lines of
symmetry: 4
a) vertical line of symmetry.
b) horizontal line of symmetry.
c) Both vertical and horizontal line of
symmetry
d) no line of symmetry

18. Open your geometry box. There are some drawing tools. Observe them and
complete the following table: 3

(iv) Set Square with two

equal sides
(v) Set square with all
85
 23. Reflect each of the following in the given mirror line: 3

CHALLENGE YOURSELF
24. Using the digits 0 to 9 and not repeating the digits, write four 3-digit numbers that have
a horizontal line of symmetry

Work Requires More

Work Well Done Work Adequately
Practice and Effort
Attempted
And Presented
Remarks: _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Signature:_____________________ Date:_____________

86
WORKING SPACE

87
WORKING SPACE

88