Foreword

Enthusiasm, zeal, anxiety, anguish, frustration...

Words rarely used by competent adults in ordinary life, stream forth when
people are asked to describe feelings evoked by Mathematics. It is strange
that Mathematics, which is thought to be a rational subject, should elicit such
emotion-laden language.

This book has been compiled keeping in mind the student’s need to
understand the concept and to reinforce it in a gradual manner. Most of us do
realize that practice makes a man perfect and to avoid the above said anxiety
and anguish it befits us to put in enough hours of work as drill and practice to
achieve excellence.

The very idea of reinforcement of concepts and practice of questions

from previous examinations have been kept foremost before making the
assignments. A synopsis at the beginning of each chapter helps you
recall the chapter at a glance.

A successful completion of the assignments will be very beneficial as it will

help you to tackle any question with confidence and clarity.

Design and Conceptualization by

Anubha Kalra
Sr. Supervisor ICT

Content Development by
Ms. Reena Bhandari & Ms. Sheeba
Naqvi

Graphic Designing by
Mohamed Fareeth
ICT Department
 HAD AN IDEA - Conceptual

NEARLY THERE - Understanding

NAILED IT! - Application

VALUE BASED

CHALLENGE YOURSELF!!

MONTH-WISE SYLLABUS
S.NO CHAPTERS MONTH

1. EXPONENTS JANUARY

2. FACTORISATION JANUARY

3. PRACTICAL GEOMETRY FEBRUARY

 TIME MANAGEMENT FOR TERMINAL EXAM
TYPE OF TIME TAKEN MAXIMUM TIME TAKEN FOR EACH SEC-
TION =
QUESTION
(No. of Ques. × Max.Time taken)
Reading + Writing Time Total Time
Comprehending-
Time

1 Mark 30 sec + 1 min 30 sec 2 minutes 4 × 2 = 8 minutes

Section A
2 Mark 30 sec + 30 sec 2 min 3 minutes 6 × 3 = 18 minutes
Section B
3 Mark 40 sec + 1 min 3 min 20 sec 5 minutes 7 × 5 = 35 minutes
Section C
3 Mark 40 sec + 4 min 20 sec 5 minutes 1 × 5 = 5 minutes
Section E
4 Mark 40 sec + 1 min 4 min 20 sec 6 Minutes 10 × 6 = 60 minutes
Section D
TOTAL TIME TAKEN 28 Questions = 2hr 6 min

TIME LEFT FOR REVISION 24 minutes

TIME MANAGEMENT FOR PERIODIC EXAM

TYPE OF TIME TAKEN MAXIMUM TIME TAKEN FOR EACH SECTION
=
QUESTION
(No. of Ques. × Max.Time taken)
Reading + Writing Time Total Time
Comprehending
Time
1 Mark 30 sec + 1 min 30 sec 2 minutes 3 × 2 = 6 minutes
Section A
2 Mark 30 sec + 30 sec 2 min 3 minutes 3 × 3 = 9 minutes
Section B
3 Mark 40 sec + 1 min 3 min 20 sec 5 minutes 2 × 5 = 10 minutes
Section C
3 Mark 30 sec + 4 min 30 sec 5 minutes 1 × 5 = 5 minutes
(2 parts)
Section E
4 Mark 40 sec + 1 min 4min 20 sec 6 Minutes 3 x 6 = 18 minutes
Section D
TOTAL TIME TAKEN 12 Questions = 48 minutes
TIME LEFT FOR REVISION 22 minutes
 EXPONENTS

where a is a non zero integer &

m is a natural number

Eg.
LAWS OF EXPONENTS
If a is a non zero integer
=
25
Exponents provide a very convenient method to
express very large and very small numbers: For eg.

• The mass of earth is

and m,n are integers then 5,972,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg =5.972 × 1024 kg

• The population of India is 1,324,000,000 =

1.324 × 109
10
• 1 google = 10000000000 = 10
• 1 centillion = 10303
• Smallest virus, Porcine Circo has diameter
0.000000017 = 1.7 x 10 -8 m

• Distance between atoms in a silicon crystal =

0.000000000235 m = 2.35 x 10-10 m

Base of the power is 10

STANDARD FORM or
SCIENTIFIC FORM

Any number between

1 and 10 but not 10

12.1 Powers with negative exponents

HAD AN IDEA
-100
1. Multiplicative inverse of 6 is 1
a) -100 b) (1/6)100 c) (1/6) -100
d) none of these

2. (2/3)-5 is equal to 1

a) (2/3)5 b) (3/2)-5 c) (3/2)5 d) (12/3)-5

NEARLY THERE
3. Express 4-3 as a power with base 2 1

4. If ( )-3 x ( )-3 = ( )x
then find x 2

5. Fill in the blank circles 3

NAILED IT !
6. Simplify (-3)4 x (5/3)4 2

7. Find the value of {1-2 + 2-2 + 3-2} × 62 2

12.2 LAWS OF EXPONENTS

NEARLY THERE

NAILED IT !
12.3 Expressing very small and very large numbers in exponents

HAD AN IDEA
23. Standard form 0.00000000000098 is
a) 98 x 1014 b) 98 x 10-14 c) 9.8 x 10-13 d) 9.8 x 1013

NEARLY THERE
24. Express the product of 3.2 × 106 and 4.1 × 10-1 in the standard form.
25. The table given below shows the mass of one atom for five chemical elements. Use it
to answer the given questions.

(a) Which is the heaviest element?

(b) Which element is lighter, Silver or Titanium?

(c) (c) List all five elements in order from lightest to

heaviest.

NAILED IT !
26. A sub-atomic particle travels at a speed of 6.25 × 1010 cm per second. How far does
it travel in 8 × 10 - 6 seconds?

27. About 230 billion litres of water flows through a river each day. How many litres of
water flows through that river in a week? How many litres of water flows through the river
in an year? Write your answer in standard notation.

28. A Sugar factory has annual sales of 3 billion 720 million kilograms of sugar. Express
this number in standard form.

29. The distance between the Sun and the Earth is 1.496 × 108 km and distance between
the Earth and the Moon is 3.84 × 108 m. During solar eclipse the Moon comes in
between the Earth and the Sun. 4
Observe the given figure and answer the
following questions:
(i) Convert the above distances in their usual form.
(ii) Find the distance between the Moon and the Sun at that particular time and express it
in standard form.
30. Exponents are also part of Food Technology and Microbiology. Once bacteria and
mould start growing on food that is not refrigerated, it reaches harmful levels
very quickly. 3

Observe figure (2) and answer the following:

a) How many times is the number of bacteria at 4am as compared to the number at
3am.
b) Can we say that the multiplicative inverse of 8× 102 is (-8×102)?
CHALLENGE YOURSELF!!!
While studying her family’s history, Shikha discovers records of her ancestors 6
generations back. She wonders how many ancestors she has had in the past 6
generations. She starts to make a diagram to help
her figure out. The diagram soon
becomes complex.
a) Make a table showing the number of ancestors in
each of the 6 generations.
b) Write an equation for the number of ancestors in
a given generation n.

Work Requires More

Work Well Done Work Adequately
Practice and Effort
Attempted
And Presented
 FACTORIZATION
Representation of an algebraic expression as the product of two or
more expressions is called factorisation. Each such expression is
called a factor of the given algebraic expression.

When we factorise an expression, we write it as a product of its factors. These factors may be
numbers, algebraic (or literal) variables or algebraic expressions.

An irreducible factor is a factor which cannot be expressed

further as a product of factors. Such a factorisation is called
an irreducible factorisation or complete factorization.

A factor which occurs in each term is

called the common factor.

The Algebraic expressions may sometimes be factorized by using identities.

IDENTITIES

a2+ 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2 a2 – b2= (a + b) (a – b)

a2– 2ab + b2 = (a – b)2 x2 + (a + b) x + ab = (x + a) (x + b)
 In the division of a polynomial by a monomial, we
carry out the division by dividing each term of the
polynomial by the monomial.

In the division of a polynomial by a polynomial, we

factorise both the polynomials and cancel their
common factors.

14.1 INTRODUCTION
1. a ( b + c) = ab + ac is 1 Mark
a) commutative property b) associative property
c) distributive property d) closure property

2. Factorize: (i) 50 (ii) 3x2 y 2 Marks

3. Factorize and then find H.C.F. for the following: (i) 2x + 6 2 Marks
(ii) 15 p2qr + 35pq2 r + 55 pqr2

14.2 FACTORISA- TION

HAD AN IDEA
4. The common factor of 3ab and 2cd is 1 Mark
a) 1 b) -1 c) a d) c

5. Factorise 1 +10t +25t2 1 Mark

6. Factorise (6ab -36abc) 1 Mark
a) 6ab(1-6c) b) 6ab(1+6c)
c) ab(6-36c) d) ab(1-6c)

7. Evaluate using suitable identities. 2 Marks

a) 497 × 505 b) (48)2

8. Factorise the following, using the identity a2– 2ab + b2 = (a – b)2 3 Marks
a) p 2y2 – 2py + 1 b) a 2y2 – 2aby + b2

NEARLY THERE
9. Factorise: 14a +18 1 Mark

a) 2(7a-9) b) 2(7a+9) c) 2(9a-7) d) 7(2a-9)

10. Obtain the factors of x2 – 7x +12 1 Mark

a) (x-2)(x-5) b) (x-6)(x-1 ) c) (x-3)(x-4) d) (x+6)(x+1)

11. Factorize by middle term splitting method x2 + 6x +8 1 Mark

a) (x+2)(x+4) b) ( x+2)(x+1) c) ( x-2)(x-4) d) (x-2)(x+4)

12.ax + by – ay – bx is equivalent to 1 Mark

a) ( a-b)(x-y) b) ( a-b)(x+y) c) ( a+b)(x-y) d) ( a+b)(x+y)

13. Find the expansion of the following using suitable identity 2 Marks
(3x + 7y) (3x – 7y)
14. Factorise by taking a common binomial factor 3 Marks
a) 6x(2x-y) + 7y (2x- y) b) 16(2L -3m)2 -12 (3m-2L)

15. Find the value of x, if 10000x = (9982)2 – (18)2 3 Marks

16. Factorise 3x4 - 48 3 Marks

17. Factorise 100 - a2 - b2 - 2ab 4 Marks

NAILED IT !
18. The factorised form of 3x – 24 is 1 Mark
a) 3x × 24 b) 3 (x – 8) c) 24 (x – 3) d) 3(x – 12)
19. Factorise by taking a common monomial factor 2 marks
a) 5x -15x2 b ) 20x3 - 40x2 + 80x

20. Factorise the following: 2 marks

a) x4 – 256 b) 4x2 – 20x + 25

21. If p + q = 12 and pq = 22, then find p2 + q2 3 Marks

22. Find the value of a, if 8a = 352 – 272 3 Marks

23. Factorise the following using the identity a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b). 4 Marks

a) a4 – (a – b)4 b) 9x2 – 1
24. The height of a triangle is x4 + y4 and its base is 14xy. Find the area of
the triangle. 2 Marks

14.3 DIVISION OF ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

HAD AN IDEA
25. Factorise the expressions and divide them as directed: 4 Marks
a) (9x2 – 4) ÷ (3x + 2) b) (x2 – 22x + 117) ÷ (x – 13)

NAILED IT !
26. The value of (– 27x2y) ÷ (– 9xy) is 1 Mark
a) 3xy b) -3xy c) 3x d) 3y

27. The area of a rectangle is x2+ 12xy + 27y2 and its length is (x + 9y). Find the
breadth of the rectangle. 2 Marks

28. Simplify: 4 Marks

{(x-1) (x-2) (x2 - 9x + 14)} ÷ {(x-7) (x2 -3x + 2)}
VALUE BASED QUESTIONS
29. There are 289x2 students in a class out of which 9y2 students are latecomers. On
a day, all the latecomers of the class were called by the Principal in his office. How
many students are left in the class? Factorize the expression hence obtained.
Which value is lacking among the latecomers? 4 Marks

CHALLENGE YOURSELF
30. The area and one dimension of the following rectangles is given. Find the other
di-

Work Requires More

Work Well Done Work Adequately
Practice and Effort
Attempted
And Presented
 PRACTICAL GEOMETRY

Using ruler and compasses, following constructions of a quadrilateral should be learned:

• When 4 sides and 1 diagonal are given
• When 3 sides and 2 diagonals are given
• When 2 adjacent sides and 3 angles are given
• When 3 sides and 2 included angles are given
• When other properties are known

4.1 Construction of Angles

NAILED IT !
1. Construct an angle 120° and bisect it. 2

2. Construct 75° using ruler and compasses. 2

4.2 Construction of a Quadrilateral when its five parts are given

NEARLY THERE
3. Is it possible to construct a rhombus PQRS where PQ = 4cm and PR = 9 cm 2
Justify your answer .
4. Can you construct a quadrilateral ABCD given that AB = 8 cm , BC = 7 cm , 2
< A = 100° , < B = 150° , < C =125° ? Justify your answer.

NAILED IT !
5. Construct a quadrilateral ABCD in which AB = 3.5 cm , BC = 5.6 cm, 3
CD= 4 cm , DA = 4.5cm, BD = 6cm

6. Construct a quadrilateral HOME where OM = 9 cm , ME = 6 cm , HO = 7 cm , 4

< O = 75° , < M = 90 ° . Write steps of construction

7. Construct a quadrilateral ABCD given that AB = 6.5cm, BC= 6cm, AD = 5cm, 3

< A = 75° and < B = 90°
8. Construct a quadrilateral ABCD, given that < A = 105°, < B = 120° , < C = 60° ,
AB = 3.5 cm, BC = 5.5cm. 3

4.3 Construction of a Quadrilateral when some properties are

known

NAILED IT !
9. Construct a square of side 6.5 cm . 4

10. Construct a kite ABCD with AB=4cm and BC= 6cm and diagonal 4
AC = 8cm

11. Construct a parallelogram ABCD in which AB = 5.8cm BC = 3.9 cm and 4

⦟B = 600 .
13. Construct a rhombus GAIN whose diagonals measure 7.5 cm and 9 cm . 3

14. Construct a rectangle PQRS in which PQ = 7cm and PS = 6cm. 3

Work Requires More

Work Well Done Work Adequately
Practice and Effort
Attempted
And Presented
 EXPONENTS
12.1 :— 1) b 2) c 3) 2-6 4) -3 5) 18 , 3/2, 1/6 6) 625 7) 49
12.2 :— 8) 1/a15 9) (a/b)7 10) 1 11) 2 12) 9/8 13) a) -2 b) 1
14) 1/q8 15) 1 16) 7 17) -1/64 18) 18 19) 1/3 m
20) 3125 21) 16kg 22) 6 rounds
12.3 :— 23) c 24) 1.312 x 106 25) a) Lead b) Titanium
c) Hydrogen < Lithium < Titanium < Silver < Lead
26) 5.0 x 105 27) 1.61 x 1012 , 8.395 x 1013 28) 3.72 x 109
29) 149600000 km , 384000000 km , 1.344 x 108 km 30) a) 8 times b) No
31) a) 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 b) 2n

FACTORIZATION
14.1 ) 1—c , 2 )i) 50 = 2 x 5 x 5 ii) 3x.x.y , 4) a, 5) (5t + 1)(5t + 1) , 6) a , 7) a) 250,985
7 b) 2304 , 8) a: (py – 1)(py—1) , b: (ay—b) (ay — b) 9) b , 10) c 11) a, 12) a ,
13) 9x2 – 49y2 , 14 a) (2x— y)(6x + 7y) , 14 b) (2l—3m)(8l—12 m + 1) , 15) 9964 ,
16) 3(x2 + y2) (x + 2) (x— 2)
17) (10 + a + b)(10—a –b) , 18) b , 19) a: 5x(1—3x) , 19) b: 20x(x2 –2x + 4)
20 ) a: (x2 + 16)(x + 4) (x— 4) , 20 b) (2x— 5)(2x—5) , 21) 100 , 22) a = 62
23) a: b(2a2 + b2– 2ab) (2a + b) , 23 b) (3x + 1) (3x— 1)
24 ) (7x5y + 7xy5) , 25 a) (3x— 2) , 25 b) (x— 9) 26) c , 27) ( x + 3y) , 28 ) (x— 2)
29 ) i) 289x2— 9y2 , ii) (17x + 3y) (17x— 3y) iii) any value
30) a) (-3a— 4) , 30 b) (b—5) , 30 c ) -2(4c + 3)
SAIL-Student Assessment In Learning

Components Parameters
Understanding Work reflects understanding Work reflects Student encouraged to work

Presentation Work is very methodical and Work is fairly methodical Encouraged to be methodical

Punctuality Given task was completed on Most of the task complete Given task needs to be

Teacher’s remarks

SAIL-Student Assessment In Learning

Components Parameters
Understanding Work reflects understanding Work reflects Student encouraged to work

Presentation Work is very methodical and Work is fairly methodical Encouraged to be methodical

Punctuality Given task was completed on Most of the task complete Given task needs to be

Teacher’s remarks

SAIL-Student Assessment In Learning

Components Parameters
Understanding Work reflects understanding Work reflects Student encouraged to work

Presentation Work is very methodical and Work is fairly methodical Encouraged to be methodical

Punctuality Given task was completed on Most of the task complete Given task needs to be

Teacher’s remarks