John Deere Standard

APPROVED FOR
SUPPLIER DISTRIBUTION
JDS-G169
Cleanliness Classification Systems
for Fluids, Unit Parts, and Assemblies

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SCOPE................................................................................................................................................................. 2

CONVERSION OF FORMER DEERE CLEANLINESS SPECIFICATIONS TO JDS-G169 .......................... 2

GRAVIMETRIC CLEANLINESS OF PARTS AND ASSEMBLIES................................................................... 2

FLUID CLEANLINESS ........................................................................................................................................ 7

REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................................. 12

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1 JDS-G169 GRAVIMETRIC CLEANLINESS CLASSES ................................................................ 6

TABLE 2 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM PARTICLE SIZE SELECTION TABLE................................................... 6

TABLE 3 PARTICLE COUNT TABLE FOR JDS-G169 FLUID CLEANLINESS CLASSES........................ 8

TABLE 4 ISO 4406 SOLID CONTAMINANT CODES ................................................................................. 10

TABLE 5 RELATIONSHIP OF JDS-G169 FLUID CLEANLINESS CLASS TO ISO 4406 SOLID

CONTAMINANT CODE ................................................................................................................. 11

TABLE 6 RELATIONSHIP OF ISO 4406 SOLID CONTAMINANT CODE TO JDS-G169 FLUID

CLEANLINESS CLASSES ............................................................................................................ 12

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1 EXAMPLE OF ISO 4406 SOLID CONTAMINANT CODE............................................................. 9

Issued: May 1983 Revised: Oct 1998 Term Code: Design Control: DT Page 1 of 12
Supersedes: May 1994

John Deere standards are intended for use by Deere & Company, its divisions and subsidiaries. Suppliers who rely on them in
furnishing products to or for the benefit of the Company must determine that they are in possession of the latest version.
Distribution of the standards to parties other than John Deere Suppliers, whether with or without charge, are for information only and
Deere & Company disclaims all responsibility for results attributable to the application of or compliance with such standards. The
Company makes no presentation, express or implied, that conformity insures compliance with applicable law or other rules or
regulations. Further, those who are in receipt of and elect to use the standards, agree to assume the responsibility for compliance
with patents, as well as potential patent infringement.
Deere & Company Engineering Standards Department, John Deere Road, Moline, Illinois 61265. Unpublished--All rights reserved
under the copyright laws.
JDS-G169 APPROVED FOR
SUPPLIER DISTRIBUTION

1. SCOPE

JDS-G169 defines cleanliness classification systems by which maximum contamination levels may be
specified for fluids, unit parts, and assemblies. JDS-G169 is applicable to quality control checking of
contaminant levels at the time of production usage and parts packaging, but this standard does not
attempt to identify methods for production cleaning of parts prior to usage. The cleanliness class is
specified by a numerical value representing the contaminant level. Each whole number change in
cleanliness class raises or lowers the maximum contaminant level by a factor of 10 compared to the
preceding or succeeding class.

2. CONVERSION OF FORMER DEERE CLEANLINESS SPECIFICATIONS TO

JDS-G169
2.1 JDS-G169 supersedes Design Data Manual 40 (DDM 40) and JDM H19.

2.2 Cleanliness class specifications currently shown on part drawings per DDM40 or JDM H19 shall be
considered to represent the same cleanliness class per JDS-G169, except as noted in Section 3.5.

2.3 Part drawings that specify critical particle size per JDS-G169 shall be considered as specifying
absolute maximum particle size per JDS-G169 at a value four times the critical particle size. Part
drawings that specify critical particle size per JDS-G169 shall be changed to absolute maximum particle
size per JDS-G169 as other revisions are made.

2.4 Part drawings that specify maximum particle size per JDM H19 shall be considered as specifying
absolute maximum particle size per JDS-G169 at a value four times the maximum particle size per JDM
H19. Part drawings that specify maximum particle size per JDM H19 should be changed to absolute
maximum particle size per JDS-G169 as other revisions are made.

2.5 Specifications and part drawings that specify cleanliness per DDM 40, Class 8.0, are to be
considered as specifying JDS-G169, Class 6.6. Specifications and part drawings that specify visibly
clean per JDM H19 or JDS-G169 are to be considered as specifying JDS-G169, Class 6.6. Current part
drawings that specify visibly clean should be updated (including addition of area values) as other
revisions are made.

3. GRAVIMETRIC CLEANLINESS OF PARTS AND ASSEMBLIES

3.1 SPECIFICATION OF PART AND ASSEMBLY CLEANLINESS. The cleanliness of individual parts
and assemblies shall be expressed by specifying:

• The JDS-G169 gravimetric cleanliness class.

• The part or assembly surface area to be checked, expressed in m2 (or, for small parts, mm2)
• Absolute maximum particle size, when required, expressed in mm
• Maximum allowable contaminant, expressed in mg of total contaminant mass
Note 1 When a cleanliness specification is required for a new part, the specified cleanliness shall not be
worse than Class 6.6.

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JDS-G169

3.2 JDS-G169 GRAVIMETRIC CLEANLINESS CLASS. Gravimetric cleanliness classes define the
maximum mass of contaminants per area in a unit part or assembly. Mass per area limits for JDS-G169
gravimetric cleanliness classes are shown in Table 1.

Note 2 Recommended cleanliness classes are Class 5.6 for parts from the reservoir to the return port of
any part or component on the clean (downstream) side of the filter, and Class 6.4 for any part
between the component outlet and the system filter that does not reenter the clean circuit. If a
part or component has demonstrated reliability at some other level of cleanliness, that level
should be specified.

3.3 SPECIFICATION OF THE PART OR ASSEMBLY SURFACE AREA TO BE CHECKED. The area
of the part or sum of the areas of an assembly shall be specified by Product Engineering or the supplier.
If different areas of the same part operate in different environments, the cleanliness requirement for the
cleanest application shall be applied to the entire part.

3.3.1 Partial Areas. Partial areas of parts are not acceptable unless contaminant from the remaining
portion of the part can be effectively excluded during checking procedures.

3.3.2 External Surface Areas. The external surface area of a part may also be specified. When
external surface areas are specified, the part shall reflect the same cleanliness requirement on the
external and internal areas. The class specified shall conform to the most restrictive cleanliness
requirement of the part. If a part is located within an enclosed cavity which, in service, will contain fluid,
the external surface area shall be included in the cleanliness requirement.

3.4 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM PARTICLE SIZE. Absolute maximum particle size shall be specified only
when the design control unit considers a particle size limitation as critical to the design. Absolute
maximum particle size shall be applied to all fluid handling parts located upstream of a component that
contains an effective orifice ≤2 mm which, if the orifice became restricted, would impair performance of
the system. Absolute maximum particle sizes should be selected from Table 2.

Note 3 Recommended absolute maximum particle size is equal to the diameter of the smallest
downstream orifice.

3.4.1 Specification of absolute maximum particle size means that there are no metallic, plastic, or silica
particles larger than the specified size.

3.4.2 The largest dimension of a particle determines its size.

3.4.3 Specification of absolute maximum particle size does not limit the number of particles sized
smaller than the absolute maximum particle size except as these contribute to the total contaminant
mass.

3.5 VISIBLY CLEAN. Specifications and part drawings that specify visibly clean per JDM H19 or JDS-
G169 are to be considered as specifying JDS-G169, Class 6.6. Current part drawings that specify visibly
clean should be updated (including addition of area values) as other revisions are made.

3.6 ALTERNATE METHODS OF SPECIFICATION

3.6.1 “No Drawing” Parts And Assemblies. The cleanliness of all internal unit parts and surfaces of “no
drawing” production assemblies and parts assemblies will be specified in the assembly instructions. All
major units peculiar to that assembly must carry an equivalent or cleaner class on their part drawings.
When a part or assembly requires different levels of cleanliness for different applications, a “no drawing”
manufacturing level part number is assigned to the cleaner part. The cleanliness of the cleaner (no
drawing) part shall be shown in the assembly instructions. The less clean part shall be shown as a
subassembly of the cleaner (no drawing) part.

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3.6.2 Purchased Parts And Components. Purchased parts and components may carry an “as
purchased” cleanliness of a higher class (less clean) than the usage requirement when an in-plant
cleaning operation is intended. Area values for purchased parts shall be provided by Product
Engineering or the supplier.

3.7 CLEANLINESS SPECIFICATION CALLOUTS. Cleanliness specification callouts per JDS-G169

shall include all of the following information:

3.7.1 Identification of this standard.

Example: Cleanliness per JDS-G169

3.7.2 A cleanliness class per JDS-G169, Table 1.

Example: Class 5.6

3.7.3 The portion of the part to which the cleanliness specification applies. The applicable portion may
be the internal area of the part, the total internal and external area of the part, or in some cases, a limited
area of the part. A limited area of the part may be specified only when the remaining portion of the part
can be effectively eliminated during checking procedures (see Section 3.3.1). If a partial part area is
specified, the relevant portion of the part shall be clearly identified on the drawing.

Example: Total Part Area

Example: Portion S

3.7.4 The area of the part or the total wetted surface area of an assembly (the sum of wetted areas of
unit parts) shall be specified. Either the total part area or only the area of the part that comes into contact
with fluid may be specified.

Example: Area = 0.222 m2

3.7.5 The maximum allowable contaminant per part, as determined by a specified test method. The
maximum allowable contamination is calculated as the specified area of the part multiplied by the
maximum contamination per area (from Table 1) for the specified cleanliness class.

Example: Maximum Allowable Contaminant = 9.8 mg.

3.7.6 Absolute maximum particle size, when specified by the design control unit.

Example: Absolute Maximum Particle Size = 0.6 mm

3.8 SAMPLE DRAWING CALLOUTS.

3.8.1 Assemblies. The following sample format is recommended for assemblies:

Example: Cleanliness per JDS-G169, Class 5.6

Total Internal Area of All Unit Parts = 0.222 m2
Maximum Allowable Contaminant Before Assembly = 9.8 mg
Absolute Maximum Particle Size = 0.6 mm

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JDS-G169

3.8.2 Hydraulic Hoses And Tubes. The following sample format is recommended for hydraulic hoses
and tubes:

Example: Cleanliness per JDS-G169, Class 5.6

Total Internal Area = 0.222 m2
Maximum Allowable Contaminant = 9.8 mg
Absolute Maximum Particle Size = 0.8 mm

3.8.3 Parts That Will Be Cleaned After Purchase. The following sample format is recommended for
parts that will be cleaned after purchase:

Example: Cleanliness per JDS-G169, Class 5.8

Total Part Area = 0.263 m2
Class 6.6 When Purchased
Maximum Allowable Contaminant Before Cleaning = 116.8 mg
Maximum Allowable Contaminant After Cleaning = 18.4 mg

3.8.4 Parts When Packaging Cleanliness Is A Concern. The sample following format is recommended
for parts when packaging cleanliness is a concern:

Example: Cleanliness per JDS-G169, Class 5.8

Total Part Area = 3.444 m2, including parts packaging
Maximum Allowable Contaminant = 241.1 mg

3.8.5 Other Parts. The following sample formats are recommended for other parts not covered above:

Example: Cleanliness per JDS-G169, Class 5.6

Total Internal Area of All Unit Parts = 0.222 m2
Maximum Allowable Contaminant = 9.8 mg
Absolute Maximum Particle Size = 0.8 mm

Example: Cleanliness per JDS-G169, Class 5.6

Total Internal and External Area = 0.265 m2
Maximum Allowable Contaminant = 11.7 mg

3.9 CHECKING METHODS. The cleanliness class assigned to parts and assemblies is understood to
be the cleanliness at the point of part production, component assembly, or parts packaging by the
supplier. This level of cleanliness shall be maintained throughout the machine assembly or parts
packaging process.

Note 4 Refer to NFPA T2.9.15 for general industry guidelines on methods of sample collection, sample
analysis, and data reporting.

3.9.1 Unit Parts. Checking procedure shall conform to JDQ 64 unless an alternative method is agreed
to by purchaser and supplier.

Some manufacturing film or residue visible to the unaided eye may be deposited on unit parts from
surface treatments and other processes. Any such residues which are not removed by the procedure
established in JDQ 64 are not considered harmful contaminants.

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3.9.2 Assemblies. Check assemblies for cleanliness by one of the following methods:

• Prior to assembly, use JDQ 64 to check the cleanliness of unit parts used in the assembly.
• Evaluate the cleanliness of the assembly in terms of NFPA T2.9.15.
Dismantling of assemblies is not acceptable except for removal of protective coverings or when
specifically required by the design control unit.

TABLE 1. JDS-G169 GRAVIMETRIC CLEANLINESS CLASSES

JDS-G169 Mass of Contaminant, mg/m2

Class >)
minimum (> ≤)
maximum (≤
7.8 4 440 7 030
7.6 2 800 4 440
7.4 1 770 2 800
7.2 1 110 1 770
7.0 703 1 110
6.8 444 703
6.6 280 444
6.4 177 280
6.2 111 177
6.0 70 111
5.8 44 70
5.6 28 44
5.4 17 28
5.2 11 17
5.0 0 11

TABLE 2. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM PARTICLE SIZE SELECTION TABLE

mm mm mm mm
0.05 0.30 0.60 1.20
0.10 0.35 0.70 1.40
0.15 0.40 0.80 1.60
0.20 0.45 0.90 1.80
0.25 0.50 1.00 2.00

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4. FLUID CLEANLINESS
4.1 SPECIFICATION OF FLUID CLEANLINESS. The cleanliness of fluids may be expressed by any
of the following methods:

• JDS-G169 fluid cleanliness class per Table 3 of JDS-G169

• Maximum number of particles per millilitre of fluid at a specified particle size (or sizes) of concern
• ISO 4406 solid contaminant code per Figure1 and Table 4 of JDS-G169

Specification of an ISO 4406 solid contaminant code or JDS-G169 cleanliness class establishes the
maximum particulate contamination allowed for the fluid.

4.2 JDS-G169 FLUID CLEANLINESS CLASS. The JDS-G169 fluid cleanliness class of a fluid is
determined by comparing the number of particles per millilitre greater than or equal to the specified size
with the values shown in Table 3. The cleanliness class is established by the particle count value that
falls in the highest cleanliness class band.

Example: A fluid sample contains 2000 particles/mL >5 µm, 320 particles/mL >10 µm, 50 particles/mL
>15 µm, 40 particles/mL >20 µm, 25 particles/mL >30 µm, 10 particles/mL >40 µm, and
1particle/mL >60 µm. The JDS-G169 fluid cleanliness class of this fluid sample is Class 5.6
because the particle counts falling into the highest band (that is, the counts at 30 µm and 40
µm) are in Class 5.6.

Current or future specifications designated only by a JDS-G169 fluid cleanliness class will be considered
to depict the maximum number of particles per millilitre at each of the particle sizes considered for the
class number as shown in Table 3.

Note 5 Although the cleanliness class of a fluid (Section 4.2) and the gravimetric cleanliness class of a
part or assembly (Section 3.2) may be expressed as numerically equivalent class numbers, there
is no direct correlation between the two systems. For example, a part with gravimetric
cleanliness class of 5.6 will not guarantee a fluid cleanliness class of 5.6. This is due to
inherent differences in the method of analysis for each. Component cleanliness classes per JDS-
G169 are determined gravimetrically. Fluid cleanliness classes per JDS-G169 are determined by
particle counts at specified sizes.

4.3 MAXIMUM NUMBER OF PARTICLES AT A SPECIFIED SIZE (OR SIZES) OF CONCERN.

Because of the cut-off level of various filters and the shape factor of the contaminant, the particulate
distribution may not necessarily follow the log-normal distribution of the contamination chart. Therefore,
fluid contaminant levels for the systems (vehicle or test stand) may be specified as a maximum number of
particles per millilitre greater than a specified particle size (or sizes).

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TABLE 3. PARTICLE COUNT TABLE FOR JDS-G169 FLUID CLEANLINESS CLASSES

JDS-
Maximum Number of Particles Greater Than the Indicated Size per Millilitre of Fluid
G169
Class 5 µm 10 µm 15 µm 20 µm 30 µm 40 µm 60 µm
8.0 2 800 000 300 000 82 000 34 000 9 000 3 800 1 000
7.8 1 770 000 189 000 52 000 21 500 5 680 2 400 631
7.6 1 100 000 119 000 31 500 13 500 3 580 1 510 398
7.4 703 000 75 400 21 000 8 540 2 260 955 251
7.2 444 000 47 500 12 500 5 390 1 430 602 158
7.0 280 000 30 000 8 200 3 400 900 380 100
6.8 177 000 18 900 5 200 2 150 568 240 63.1
6.6 111 000 11 900 3 150 1 350 358 151 39.8
6.4 70 300 7 540 2 100 854 226 99.5 25.1
6.2 44 400 4 750 1 250 539 143 60.2 15.8
6.0 28 000 3 000 820 340 90.0 38.0 10.0
5.8 17 700 1 890 520 215 56.8 24.0 6.31
5.6 11 100 1 190 315 135 35.8 15.1 3.98
5.4 7 030 754 210 85.4 22.6 9.55 2.51
5.2 4 440 475 125 53.9 14.3 6.02 1.58
5.0 2 800 300 82.0 34.0 9.00 3.80 1.00
4.8 1 770 189 52.0 21.5 5.68 2.40 0.631
4.6 1 110 119 31.5 13.5 3.58 1.51 0.398
4.4 703 75.4 21.0 8.54 2.26 0.955 0.251
4.2 444 47.5 12.5 5.39 1.43 0.602 0.158
4.0 280 30.0 8.20 3.40 0.900 0.380 0.100
3.8 177 18.9 5.20 2.15 0.568 0.240
3.6 111 11.9 3.15 1.35 0.358 0.151
3.4 70.3 7.54 2.10 0.854 0.226
3.2 44.4 4.75 1.25 0.539 0.143
3.0 28.0 3.00 0.820 0.340
2.8 17.7 1.89 0.520 0.215
2.6 11.1 1.19 0.315 0.135
2.4 7.03 0.754 0.210
2.2 4.44 0.475 0.125
2.0 2.80 0.300

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4.4 ISO 4406 SOLID CONTAMINANT CODE. The ISO 4406 solid contaminant code of a fluid sample
is determined by first plotting the number of particles per millilitre greater than 5 micrometres in size on
the chart in Figure 1, then plotting the number of particles per millilitre greater than 15 micrometres in
size. Alternatively, the number of particles per millilitre greater than 5 micrometres and greater than
15 micrometres may be compared with the values shown in Table 4 to determine the applicable ISO 4406
solid contaminant code.

Note 6 ISO 4406 is under revision at this time. Figure 1 and Table 4 will require revision when the new
edition of ISO 4406 is published.

Example: A fluid sample contains 2000 particles/mL >5 µm and 70 particles/mL >15 µm. The ISO 4406
solid contaminant code for this sample is 18/13.

Interpolation of Figure 1 particle counts is acceptable. Extrapolation is not permissible.

FIGURE 1. EXAMPLE OF ISO 4406 SOLID CONTAMINANT CODE

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TABLE 4. ISO 4406 SOLID CONTAMINANT CODES

Maximum Number of Particles Greater than the Indicated Size
ISO 4406 per Millilitre of Fluid
Code Number
5 µm 15 µ m

20/17 5 000 10 000 640 1 300

20/16 5 000 10 000 320 640
20/15 5 000 10 000 160 320
20/14 5 000 10 000 80 160
19/16 2 500 5 000 320 640
19/15 2 500 5 000 160 320
19/14 2 500 5 000 80 160
19/13 2 500 5 000 40 80
18/15 1 300 2 500 160 320
18/14 1 300 2 500 80 160
18/13 1 300 2 500 40 80
18/12 1 300 2 500 20 40
17/14 640 1 300 80 160
17/13 640 1 300 40 80
17/12 640 1 300 20 40
17/11 640 1 300 10 20
16/13 320 640 40 80
16/12 320 640 20 40
16/11 320 640 10 20
16/10 320 640 5 10
15/12 160 320 20 40
15/11 160 320 10 20
15/10 160 320 5 10
15/9 160 320 2.5 5
14/11 80 160 10 20
14/10 80 160 5 10
14/9 80 160 2.5 5
14/8 80 160 1.3 2.5
13/10 40 80 5 10
13/9 40 80 2.5 5
13/8 40 80 1.3 2.5
12/9 20 40 2.5 5
12/8 20 40 1.3 2.5
11/8 10 20 1.3 2.5

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4.5 DRAWING CALLOUTS USING FLUID CLEANLINESS SPECIFICATIONS. Part cleanliness and
assembly and test instructions may be specified using any of the methods identified in Section 4.1.

Example: Test with JDM J20C Oil, Fluid Cleanliness per JDS-G169, Class 6.0
Example: Test with JDM J20C Oil, Fluid Cleanliness per JDS-G169, ≤1500 particles/mL >5
µm, ≤300 particles/mL >10 µm, and ≤100 particles/mL >15 µm
Example: Flush part with oil containing ≤500 particles/mL >10 µm
Example: Fluid cleanliness 17/14 per ISO 4406

4.6 SAMPLING METHOD. Fluid samples shall be obtained in conformance to ISO 4021.

4.7 CHECKING METHOD. Fluid samples shall be analyzed in conformance to ISO 11500, NFPA
T2.9.11 or NFPA T2.9.16.

4.8 CONVERSIONS BETWEEN ISO 4406 SOLID CONTAMINANT CODE AND JDS-G169 FLUID
CLEANLINESS CLASS. Table 5 lists equivalent ISO 4406 solid contaminant codes for JDS-G169 fluid
cleanliness classes 4.0 through 6.2. Table 6 lists equivalent JDS-G169 fluid cleanliness classes at 5 µm
and 15 µm particle sizes for ISO solid contaminant code numbers from 10 through 23.

TABLE 5. RELATIONSHIP OF JDS-G169 FLUID CLEANLINESS CLASS

TO ISO 4406 SOLID CONTAMINANT CODE

JDS-G169 ISO 4406 Maximum Number of Particles per Millilitre

Fluid Cleanliness Solid Contaminant Greater than the Indicated Size
Class Code Number 5 µm 15 µ m
6.2 23/17 44 400 1 250
6.0 22/17 28 000 820
5.8 21/16 17 700 520
5.6 21/15 11 100 315
5.4 20/15 7 030 210
5.2 19/14 4 440 125
5.0 19/14 2 800 82
4.8 18/13 1 770 52
4.6 17/12 1 110 31.5
4.4 17/12 703 21.0
4.2 16/11 444 12.5
4.0 15/10 280 8.20

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TABLE 6. RELATIONSHIP OF ISO 4406 SOLID CONTAMINANT CODE

TO JDS-G169 FLUID CLEANLINESS CLASSES

ISO 4406 Maximum Number Equivalent JDS-G169 Effective

Solid of Particles per Fluid Cleanliness Class JDS-G169
Contaminant Millilitre of Fluid at Specified Particle Size Fluid Cleanliness
Code Number for ISO Code 5 µm 15 µ m Class

23 80 000 6.6 8.0 8.0

22 40 000 6.2 7.8 7.8
21 20 000 6.0 7.4 7.4
20 10 000 5.6 7.2 7.2
19 5 000 5.4 6.8 6.8
18 2 500 5.0 6.6 6.6
17 1 300 4.8 6.4 6.4
16 640 4.4 6.0 6.0
15 320 4.2 5.8 5.8
14 160 3.8 5.4 5.4
13 80 3.6 5.0 5.0
12 40 3.2 4.8 4.8
11 20 3.0 4.4 4.4
10 10 2.8 4.2 4.2
• The effective JDS-G169 fluid cleanliness class is established by the particle count value that falls in
the highest cleanliness class band. See Section 4.2.

5. REFERENCES
ISO 4021 Hydraulic fluid power — Particulate contamination analysis — Extraction of fluid samples
from lines of an operating system

ISO 4406 Hydraulic fluid power — Fluids — Method for coding level of contamination by solid
particles

ISO 11500 Hydraulic fluid power — Determination of particulate contamination by automatic particle
counting using the light extinction principle

JDQ 64 Method for Gravimetric Determination of Part Cleanliness

NFPA T2.9.11 Hydraulic fluid power — Method of determining the particular count of an oil sample from
a system (using liquid particle counters)

NFPA T2.9.15 Hydraulic fluid power — Cleanliness of components — Methods of sample collection,
sample analysis, and data reporting

NFPA T2.9.16 Hydraulic fluid power — Determination of particulate contaminant level using automatic
optical particle counters

SAE J1165 Reporting Cleanliness of Hydraulic Fluids

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