MSA

October University for Modern Science & Arts

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Mechatronics System Engineering

Viscosity

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics (GSE353)

Prepared By:

Farah Amr Abdel Hafeez Ali 224073

Group A

Supervised By:

Dr. Mohamed El Said Hassan

Eng. Ahmed Maher

Fall 2023
 Abstract

One of the fundamental concepts in fluid mechanics is viscosity. Viscosity is

the resistance of a fluid (liquid or gas) to flow. Viscosity is the opposite of flow.
Therefore, it affects several types of flow such as laminar and turbulent that will be
discussed later on. This report emphasizes on types of fluids and how viscosity has
an effect on them.

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 Table of Contents

Abstract……………………………………………………………………………. …………...1

Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………..............2

List of Figures …………………………………………………………………………............3

Chapter I Introduction…… ………………………………………………………….4

1.1 What is Viscosity? …………………………………………………………….4

1.2 Types of Viscosity …………………………………………………………….5

Chapter II Discussion……………...………………………………………………….6

2.1 Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids……………………………………….6

2.2 Viscosity and Fluid Flow…………………………………………....…..........7

Chapter IV Conclusion…………………………………..............................................9

References……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….10

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List of Figures

Fig 1.1 Viscosity Formula ……………………………………………………………4

Fig 2.1 Stress

Transformation……………………………………………………………………………
……5

Fig 2.2 Principal

Stresses……………………………………………………………………………………

….….7 Fig 2.3 Mohr’s

Circle………………………………………………………………………………………

…………8

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 Chapter I
Introduction
1.1 What is Viscosity?

Viscosity refers to the internal resistance of a fluid to flow. It determines the

fluid's thickness or resistance to deformation when shear stress is applied. As
studied before, shear stress is a stress that acts on a plane. Therefore, as
demonstrated below, shear stress has an effect on viscosity.

Viscosity formula:
Thickness

µ= τ
dy
du

Viscosity
(Referred as Shear Stress Change of
F
“Mu”) ¿
A
Velocity

Fig 1.1

Viscosity is calculated as Pa*s. However, we have a unit specifically for viscosity

which is Poise.

1 Pa*s= 10 Poise.
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1.2 Types of Viscosity
There are two types of viscosity: Kinematic and Dynamic.

1. Kinematic Viscosity (ν): is the ratio of the viscous force to the inertial
force acting on the fluid.

2. Dynamic Viscosity (μ): is the amount of force needed to overcome the

friction in order for a fluid to flow.

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 Chapter II
Discussion

2.1 Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids

Depending on their viscosity, Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids display

two different types of flow characteristics.

 Newtonian Fluids
Newtonian fluid is a fluid that does not get affected by the shear stress. Regardless
of the applied shear rate or stress, Newtonian fluids have a constant viscosity.
Following Newton's rule of viscosity, the shear stress is exactly proportional to the
velocity gradient. Shear stress and shear rate have a linear relationship in Newtonian
fluids.

Fig. 2.1

Examples: Motor Oil, Water, Gasoline, and Alcohol.

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  Non-Newtonian Fluids

2.2 Viscosity and Fluid Flow

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Chapter III
Conclusion

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 References
I. https://neutrium.net/fluid-flow/viscosity/

II.

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