Types of water purification Meaning Advantages Limitations

method
Boiling In this process,  It is  High
water needs to be the heat
rolling boiled and cheape while
should be kept in a st and boiling
clean pot and safest leads to
covered. metho destroy
d of ing
water water-
purific soluble
ation. vitamin
 Easy s such
to kill as B
the &C
microo  Requir
rganis es
ms in afforda
househ ble and
old sufficie
system nt fuel
to boil
water
for
daily
drinkin
g
purpos
e.
Sedimentation & Decantation  Sedim  It is a  Only
entatio comm settable
n is a only solids,
proces used such as
s of metho sands,
removi d for silts,
ng water and
solids purific larger
that ation. microb
lies at  Fewer es
the chemi settle
bottom cals efficien
of the are tly;
surfac require clays
e d for and
throug water smaller
h treatm microb
gravity ent. es do
. not
 Remo
 Decant settle;
val of
 ation settabl only
is a e modera
proces solids te to
s for can low
the reduce microb
separat turbidi e
ion of ty and reducti
mixtur make ons.
es of the  Unrelia
immis water ble
cible more method
liquids amena to
and ble to reduce
solids other pathog
such treatm ens;
as ent solids
suspen metho are not
sion. ds to efficien
reduce tly
microb remove
es. d by
 Low- settling
cost from
techno some
logy to waters;
reduce can be
settabl labour-
e intensi
solids ve
and
perhap
s some
microb
es for
water.

Chlorination of water  Chlori  Chlori  Chlorin

nation ne is a e gas is
metho powerf a
d is ul powerf
the oxidizi ul
proces ng biocide
s of agent , so
mixing thereb transpo
chlorin y rt and
e in getting storage
the rid of need to
water many be
that bacteri planne
 kills a in d and
germs water. manage
and  Chlori d for
purifie ne is public
s the easily safety.
water. availa  Chlorin
Howe ble. ation
ver, cannot
 Chlori
pregna reliably
nation
nt kill
of
wome organis
water
n are ms
is a
not with a
cost-
recom lifecycl
effecti
mende e phase
ve
d to that
metho
drink include
d.
chlorin sa
ated protecti
water. ve cyst
 This such as
metho Crypto
d is sporidi
usuall um and
y Giardia
consid , so
ered drinkin
approp g water
riate catchm
during ents
emerg need to
ency be
conditi protect
ons. ed
 In this from
metho these
d, a by
chlorin excludi
e ng
tablet human
or and
drop is animal
kept in feces
the contam
water. ination.
The  Oxidati
mixtur on of
e organic
should compo
 be unds
then by
stirred chlorin
and e can
left for produc
at least e toxic
30 byprod
minute ucts
s. such as
Within trihalo
this methan
time es,
frame, which
the can be
chlorin carcino
e will genic,
react so
and water
oxidiz storage
e any needs
organi to be
c designe
matter d and
in the maintai
water. ned to
minimi
ze
organic
contam
ination.
 Large
amount
chlorin
e is
harmfu
l and
poison
ous.
SODIS (Solar Disinfection)  SODI  A safe  It is not
method S and applica
(Solar easy ble for
water metho large
disinfe d of volume
ction water s of
system purific water.
), is a ation.  This
metho  Econo method
d of mical calls
water metho for
 purific d relative
ation compa ly clear
that red water.
relies with  This
on other method
solar metho is very
energy ds of depend
where water ent on
conta purific favorab
minate ation le
d as it climate
water relies and
transp on weathe
arent locally r
contai availa conditi
ner are ble ons,
expose resour especia
d to ces, lly in
direct plastic the
sunlig bottles place
ht , and where
usuall sunlig appropr
y for ht. iate
not  Enviro solar
less nment radiatio
than 6- flexibi n
8 lity. exists.
hours.
 The
princip
le
underl
ying
solar
disinfe
ction
is that
microo
rganis
ms are
vulner
able to
light
and
heat.
 It has
been
proven
that as
soon
as the
water
temper
ature
reache
s 50
°C, the
inactiv
ation
proces
s is
acceler
ated
which
usuall
y leads
to
compl
ete
bacteri
ologic
al
disinfe
ction.