Ekalavya-Quadratic Equations - Solutions

Quadratic Equations and
Sequences and Series
Part-1:
Answer Key:
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (d)
11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (a), 14. (c), 15. (a), 16. (b), 17. (d) 18. 19. 20. -
(c) (d) (b), (c), (c), (d) 8.00 0.00 18.00
(d)
21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.
4.00 1.00 1.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
SCQ
Solution 1:
Let  be the common root
  4 + 2 3 − 8 2 − 6 + 15 = 0
 3 + 4 2 −  − 10 = 0
⸫ Given equations are ( 2 − 3)( 2 + 2 − 5) = 0 and ( + 2 ) ( 2 + 2 − 5) = 0
 For common roots  2 + 2 − 5 = 0
⸫ Product of uncommon real roots is (−3)( −2) = 6
Solution 2:
Let the expression is of the form ( x −  )( x −  )( x −  )( x −  )
It can be a perfect square if either both expression are simultaneously perfect squares of both
2−k −2k
roots common, i.e., ( k − 2 ) + 8k = 0 and k 2 − 4 ( 2k − 4 ) = 0 or =
2
k 2k − 4
Solving we get k can take only value
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Solution 3:
(I) Clearly b 2 r +1 − b 2 r = 4 govern the condition of exactly one root common between Qr +1 ( x ) = 0
and Qr ( x ) = 0
Now,
Q0 ( x ) = x 2 + b0 x − 1 = 0 


Q1 ( x ) = − x + b1 x − 1 = 0 
2

Let 1 be its common root
2 2 2
Then, 1 = , 2 = , 3 = ...... and so on
b0 + b1 b1 + b2 b2 + b3
 br + 2 − br = k
 1 ,  2 ,  3 are in H.P.
ar . f (1) = ar ( ar + br −1)
r = even then ar f (1)  0
r = odd then ar f (1)  0
Solution 4:
Let x = t
t 2 − 2t − 3
  −1
(t − 2) −9
2
Case I: If ( t − 2 ) − 9  0
2
t 5
 x  R −  −5,5
Then t 2 − 3t − 4  0
 ( t − 4 )( t + 1)  0
 t  −1 or t  4
 −4  x  4
 x  ( −, −5 )  ( 5,  )
Case II: If ( t − 2 ) − 9  0
2
t 5
 −5  x  5
Then t 2 − 3t − 4  0
Address :
 ( t − 4 )( t + 1)  0
t 4
 −4  x  4
 x  ( −4, 4 )
 x  ( −, −5 )  ( −4, 4 )  ( 5,  )
Solution 5:
1
f  0
2
Solution 6:
Let roots are  and 3 , then 4 = 4   = a and
a 2 − 4a 2 + f ( a ) = 0
 f ( a ) = 3a 2 − a
f  ( a ) = 6a −1, f  ( a ) = 6 , then minimum value of f  ( a ) = 6a −1, f  ( a ) = 6
Solution 7:
b c
 + = ,  = ,  ,   (1, 2 )
a a
  −1,  −1,2 −  ,2 −   ( 0,1)
Apply AM  GM
( − 1) + ( 2 −  ) 
( − 1)( 2 −  )
2
(  − 1) + ( 2 −  )   − 1 2 − 
And ( )( )
2
1 1
 ( − 1)( 2 −  )  and (  − 1)( 2 −  ) 
4 4
1
( − 1)(  − 1)( 2 −  )( 2 −  ) 
16
 ( − 1) , ( 2 −  ) , (  − 1) , ( 2 −  )  0
Address :
1
 0  ( − 1)( 2 −  )(  − 1)( 2 −  ) 
16
 c b  2b c  1
 0   − + 1 4 − +  
 a a  a a  16
a2
0  ( a − b + c )( 4a − 2b + c )  ... (1)
16
( a − b + c )( 4a − 2b + c )  1 ( a, b, c  N )
a2
From (1), 1 a  5
16
Solution 8:
a + c = 2b and 2ac − b2 = bc
Eliminating ‘b’ from these two equations, we get
a 2 − 4ac + 3c 2 = 0
 a = 3c ( a  c)
Solution 9:
( a − 1) x 2 − ( a + 1) x + ( a − 1)  0
a ( x 2 − x + 1) − ( x 2 + x + 1)  0
x2 + x + 1 2x 2  7
a 2 = 1+ 2 = 1+  a  1, 
x − x +1 x − x +1 1
x + −1  3
x
Solution 10:
a−2
P→ 0
a −3
 a  ( − , 2)  (3, )
 P = ( − , 2)  (3, )
a−2
Q→ 0
a −3
 a  ( 2, 3)
 Q = ( 2, 3)
Address :
R → Roots are real and their product is positive
Roots are real  D  0
 4a2 − 4 ( a − 3)( a − 2)  0
 4 ( a 2 − a 2 + 5a − 6 )  0
 5a − 6  0
6 6 
 a  a , 
5 5 
6 
But a  3  a   ,   − 3
5 
Product of roots is positive  a  ( − , 2)  (3, )
Hence, on taking intersection
6 
R =  , 2   ( 3,  )
5 
S → Roots are real
6 
S =  ,   − 3
5 
T → Roots are imaginary
 6
T =  − , 
 5
Clearly options A, B, C all are correct.
Solution 11:
P = ( − , 2)  (3, )
6 
R= , 2   ( 3,  )
5 
 6
T =  − , 
 5
Clearly T  P
Solution 12:
6 
R =  , 2   ( 3,  )
5 
Address :
6 
S =  ,   − 3
5 
 6
T =  − , 
 5
So, Least positive integer for set S is 2
Least positive integer for set R is 4
Greatest positive integer for set T is 1
MCQ
Solution 13:
( x − a1 )( x − a3 )( x − a5 ) + ( x − a2 )( x − a4 )( x − a6 )
Solution 14:
f ( 3 ) = 1 and f ( 2) = 0
 (c) is not possible
Also if c = 4 + 2 3, a = 0 ,
Hence (d) is not possible
Solution 15:
2
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 − ab − bc − cd − d +
5
2 2 2 2
 b 3 2c  2  3d  5  4
= a −  + b −  + c −  +  d − 
 2 4 3  3 4  8 5
4 3 2 1
d = ,c= ,b= , =
5 5 5 5
Address :
Solution 16:
c + a − 2b
The roots of the equation are 1, they are rational
a + b − 2c
f ( −1) f ( 0 )  0  ( 2a − b − c )( c + a − 2b  0 )
 c + a − 2b  0 ( 2a − b − c  0 )
For ax2 + 2bx + c = 0
−2b
Sum of the roots = 0
a
For ax2 + 2bx + c = 0
−2b
Sum of the roots = 0
a
c
Product of the roots =  0
a
Both roots are negative  = 4b2 − 4ac  ( c + a ) − 4ac  ( c − a )  0
2 2
MATRIX
Solution 17:
(A) Let log10 x = y
1− 8 y2
 =1
y − 2 y2
 1− 8 y2 = y − 2 y2
 6 y2 + y −1 = 0
 6 y2 + 3y − 2 y −1 = 0
 ( 3 y − 1)( 2 y + 1) = 0
1 1
 y= ,−
3 2
1 1
 log10 x = , −
3 2
1 1
−
 x = 10 3 , 10 2
1 1
−
  = 10 2 ,  = 10 3
Address :
 3 + 1 10 + 1
So, = = 11
 2 3 1
10
10
(B) x  0  x 2 + 3  3
 log 2 ( x 2 + 3)  log 2 3
+ ve
 log 2 ( x + 3) is always positive

2
1
Also, x  0  x + 2
x
 1
 log 1  x +   log 1 2
3  x 3
1  1 1
 log 1  x +   log 1 2
2 3  x 2 3
− ve
1  1
 log 1  x +  is always negative
2 3  x
 1
Hence, there is no value of x for which log 2 ( x 2 + 3) = log 1  x + 
1
2 3  x
(C)
4 − x2 4
= −x
x x
4 − x2 4 − x2
 =
x x
 4 − x2 = 4 − x2 ;x0
 4 − x2  0 ;x0
 ( x + 2 )( x − 2 )  0 ; x  0
 x   −2, 2 − 0
So, integer values of x are −2, − 1,1, 2
So, number of integral values of x is 4.
(D) log c 2 log b 125 = log10 8 log c 10
Address :
log c 10
 log b 125 = log10 8 = log10 8log 2 10
log c 2
 log b 125 = log 2 8 = 3
 125 = b3
 b3 = 53
 b=5
INTEGER
Solution 18:
a  1, b  1, a  b
Let α is the common root
( a − 1) x 2 − ( a 2 + 2 ) x + a 2 + 2a = 0 .... (1)
( b − 1) x 2 − ( b2 + 2 ) x + ( b2 + 2b ) = 0 .... ( 2 )
(1)  (b −1) − ( 2)  ( a −1) , we get

( a − b)( ab − a − b − 2)( −1) = 0 ....( 3)
If  = 1, then a = b = 1
So, a  1
From (3), we get ab = a + b + 2
Let a  b  1
b 2
b = 1+ +  3
a a
 b = 2, a = 4
 ab = 8
Solution 19:
As  2 − a − a − b = 0
1 1 1
 2 = = 2
 − a a + b  − a
Address :
Solution 20:
Let log 2 x = t
t1 t2
log 2  = t1 and log 2  = t2 then + = −18
t2 t1
Solution 21:
The graphs intersect at four points
Solution 22:
For exactly one solution 4log16 k = 1, k  0  k = 2
Solution 23:
f ( x ) = ( x − a )( x − c )( x − e ) +  ( x − b )( x − d )
 f ( a ) =  ( a − b )( a − d )
 f ( b ) = ( b − a )( b − c )( b − e )  0
 f ( c ) =  ( c − b )( c − d )
 f ( d ) = ( d − a )( d − c )( d − e )  0
 f ( e ) =  ( e − b )( e − d )
If   0, f ( a )  0 , a root lies between b and a
If   0, f ( e )  0 , a root lies between e and d
Always a root lies between d and b
 all roots are real and distinct as exactly two cant be real
If  = 0 roots are a, c and e
Solution 24:
b1 + b2 = c1 − c2 , b1 − b2 = 4
K =4
Solution 25:
D must be perfect square and D > 0
Address :
Solution 26:
ab = d and cd = b
Also, a + c + d = 0 = a + b + c
Thus, b = d (  0) and a = c = 1
 b = d = −2
 a + b + c + d = −2
Address :
Part-2:
Answer Key:
27. (a) 28. (d) 29. (a) 30. (a) 31. (a), 32. (a), 33. (b) 34. 35. 36.
(d) (c) 2.00 8.00 2.00
37.
9.00
SCQ
Solution 27:
 = 36 x − x 2
 = 1,  = 35,  = 35 ( rejected )
 = 2,  = 68,  = 34 or  = 34,  = 2
36 4 6  2 3
= =
32 32 8
Solution 28:
2 ( a 2 − 1)
 = which is always positive
(a 4
− 1)
Solution 29:
Since expression is positive only three integral values of x, therefore parabola
y = ax2 + 2a − 3 x − 6 will open downward
Address :
 a  0 and y = ax 2 + ( 3 − 2a ) x − 6
or y = ( ax + 3)( x − 2 )
3
 5− 6
a
3 1
− a−
5 2
Solution 30:
ax2 + 2bx + b = 5x2 − 3bx − a
 ( a − 5) x2 + 5bx + b + a = 0
Since, this equation has real solutions  b  R
Hence, a − 5  0  a  5
and D  0  bR
 25b − 4 ( a − 5)(b + a )  0
2
 bR
 25b2 − 4 ( a − 5) b − 4a ( a − 5)  0  bR
 Its discriminant  0
16 ( a − 5) + 4 ( 25)  4a ( a − 5)  0
2
 16 ( a − 5) a − 5 + 25a  0
 ( a − 5)( 26a − 5)  0
5 
 a   , 5 ( a  5)
 26 
So, integral values of a are 1, 2, 3, 4.
p
Now, Tr =  ( r − am )
m =1
 Tr = ( r −1)( r − 2)( r − 3)( r − 4)

n
Sn =  Tr
r =1
n
Sn =  ( r − 1)( r − 2 )( r − 3)( r − 4 )
r =1
Clearly Tn vanishes for n = 1, 2, 3, 4

Hence, required sum = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10
Address :
MCQ
Solution 31:
Putting x = 1, and ½
−2  a + b  0 and − 8  a + 2b  0
−4  2a + 2b  0 and 0  −a − 2b  8
By solving we get
−4  a  8 and − 8  b  2
Solution 32:
2
 1 3
x2 − x + 1 =  x −  +  0  x  R
 2 4
(x − x + 1)  1  ( x − 1) log ( x 2 − x + 1)  0
2 x −1
Case 1:
x ( 0,1)  nosolution
Case 2:
x − 1  0  log ( x 2 − x + 1)  0
x  ( −,1)  x  ( −, 0 )  (1,  )
x  ( −, 0 )
MATRIX
Solution 33:
ax + k 2  0
A) There is no value of a so that the inequality is valid for all values of x and k
B) It a = 0 , then there is no x for which inequality is valid for k = 0 . For a  0, we can find a
value of x such that inequality is valid for any value of : k
C) It a = 0, then we can take any non- zero value of K and then the inequality will be valid for
all values of x .
Address :
If a  0, then there is no value of k such that ax + k 2 is positive for all value of x
D) For any a  R , there exists values of x and k for which ax + k 2  0
INTEGER
Solution 34:
 +  = 2 p1 ;  = 1
 +  = 2 p2 ;  = 2
 +  = 2 p3 ;  = 3
From here we get two sets of  ,  , 
i.e. ( P1 , P2 , P3 )
Solution 35:
a1 − b1 + c1
(1 +  )(1 +  ) =
a1
1
 3 a − b + c m
(1 +  )(1 +  )(1 +  ) =  i i i  + n
2
 i =1 ai 
 m = 2 and n = −1
Solution 36:
Two cases arise
Case 1: one common root
Case 2: d = 0
Solution 37:
f ( x ) = 0 has real roots 1 ,  2 ,  3 , where 1  ( −2, −1) , 2  ( −1,1) and 3  (1, 2)
Clearly f ( x ) = 1 for three values of x say x1 , x2 , x3 and hence f ( f ( x ) ) = 0 for x = x1 , x2 , x3
Similarly for  2 &  3
Address :

Ekalavya-Quadratic Equations - Solutions

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Ekalavya-Quadratic Equations - Solutions

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Quadratic Equations and

Sequences and Series

 log 2 ( x + 3) is always positive

(D) log c 2 log b 125 = log10 8 log c 10

(1)  (b −1) − ( 2)  ( a −1) , we get

 Tr = ( r −1)( r − 2)( r − 3)( r − 4)

Clearly Tn vanishes for n = 1, 2, 3, 4

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