Elementary Statistics A Step by Step

Approach 9th Edition Bluman Solutions

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 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

Note: Graphs are not to scale and are 7.

intended to convey a general idea. Answers Type I is represented by !, type II is
may vary due to rounding. represented by " .

EXERCISE SET 8-1 8.

1.
The null hypothesis is a statistical hypothesis
that states there is no difference between a
parameter and a specific value or there is no
difference between two parameters. The
alternative hypothesis specifies a specific
difference between a parameter and a
specific value, or that there is a difference
between two parameters. Examples will
vary.
When the difference between the sample
mean and the hypothesized mean is large,
then the difference is said to be significant
and probably not due to chance.
9.
A one-tailed test should be used when a
specific direction, such as greater than or
less than, is being hypothesized, whereas
when no direction is specified, a two-tailed
test should be used.

2. 10.
A type I error occurs by rejecting the null Hypotheses can only be proved true when
hypothesis when it is true. A type II error the entire population is used to compute the
occurs when the null hypothesis is not test statistic. In most cases, this is
rejected and it is false. They are related in impossible.
that decreasing the probability of one type of
error increases the probability of the other 11.
type of error. a. „ 1.96

3.
A statistical test uses the data obtained from
a sample to make a decision as to whether or
not the null hypothesis should be rejected.

4.
A one-tailed test indicates the null
 1.96 0  1.96
hypothesis should be rejected when the test
statistic value is in the critical region on one
b.  2.33
side of the mean. A two-tailed test indicates
the null hypothesis should be rejected when
the test statistic value is in either critical
region on both sides of the mean.

5.
The critical region is the region of values of
the test-statistic that indicates a significant
difference and the null hypothesis should be  2.33 0
rejected. The non-critical region is the
region of values of the test-statistic that c.  2.58
indicates the difference was probably due to
chance, and the null hypothesis should not
be rejected.

6.
"H! " represents the null hypothesis. "H" "
represents the alternative hypothesis.
0  2.58

138
 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

11. continued 12. continued

d.  2.33 d.  1.75

0  2.33  1.75 0

e.  1.65 e.  2.05

 1.65 0 0  2.05

12. 13.
a.  2.05 a. H! : . œ 24.6
H" : . Á 24.6

b. H! : . œ $51,497
H" : . Á $51,497

c. H! : . œ 25.4
H" : .  25.4
 2.05 0
d. H! : . œ 88
H" : .  88
b.  1.65
14.
a. H! : . œ 27
H" : .  27

b. H! : . œ 4.71
H" : . Á 4.71

0  1.65 c. H! : . œ 36
H" : .  36
c. „ 2.58
d. H! : . œ $79.95
H" : . Á $79.95

e. H! : . œ 8.2
H" : . Á 8.2

EXERCISE SET 8-2

 2.58 0  2.58
1.
H! : . œ 305

139
 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

1. continued 3. continued
H" : .  305 (claim)

C. V. œ 1.65 5 œ È3.6 œ 1.897

X. 306.2305
z œ 5 œ 1.897 œ 4.69
Èn È55

0 1.65 Å
1.85

Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough

evidence to support the claim that the
0  1.65 Å average revenue exceeds $24 billion.
4.69
4.
Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough H! : . œ 8.5
evidence to support the claim that the H" : . Á 8.5 (claim)
average depth has increased. Many factors
could contribute to the increase, including C. V. œ „ 1.96
warmer temperatures and higher than usual z œ X5 . œ 9.63.2
8.5
œ 2.17
rainfall. Èn È40

2.
H! : . œ 130
H1 : .  130 (claim)

C. V. œ 1.65
z œ X5 . œ 16238.2
130
œ 5.92 0 1.96 Å
Èn È50
2.17

Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough

evidence to support the claim that there is a
difference in the average number of movies.

5.
0  1.65 Å H! : . œ 30.9
5.92 H" : . Á 30.9 (claim)
Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough
evidence to support the claim that the C. V. œ „ 2.58
average number of friends is more than 130. z œ Xs . œ 32.13.6
30.9
œ 1.89
Èn È32

3.
H! : . œ $24 billion
H1: .  $24 billion (claim)

C. V. œ  1.65 X œ $31.5 s œ $28.7

z œ X5 . œ 31.528.724 œ 1.85
Èn È50
 2.58 0 Å 2.58
1.89

Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is

not enough evidence to support the claim
that average number of hours differs from
30.9.

140
 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

6. 8. continued
H! : . œ $117.91
H" : . Á $117.91 (claim)

C. V. œ „ 1.65
z œ X5 . œ $122.57$20
$117.91
œ 1.40
Èn È36

Å  2.33 0
 2.90

Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough

evidence to support the claim that the
average income is less than $59,593.
 1.65 0 Å 1.65
1.40 9.
H! : . œ $8121
H" : .  $8121 (claim)
Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
not enough evidence to support the claim C. V. œ 2.33
that the cost per square foot differs from z œ X5 . œ $8350750
$8121
œ 1.93
Èn È40
$117.91.

7.
H! : . œ 29
H" : . Á 29 (claim)

C. V. œ „ 1.96 X œ 29.45 s œ 2.61

z œ X5 . œ 29.45 29
2.61 œ 0.944 0 Å 2.33
Èn È30
1.93

Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is

not enough evidence to support the claim
that the average operating cost has
increased.

1.96 0 Å 1.96 10.

0.944 H! : . œ 6.698
H" : . Á 6.698 (claim)
Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
enough evidence to reject the claim that the = œ 5.5 inches œ 0.458 feet
average height differs from 29 inches. C. V. œ „ 1.96
z œ X5 . œ 6.750.458
6.698
œ 0.62
Èn È30
8.
H! : . œ $59,593
H" : .  $59,593 (claim)

C. V. œ  2.33
z œ Xs . œ $58,800$1500
$59,593
œ  2.90
Èn È30

 1.96 0 Å 1.96
0.62

Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is

not enough evidence to support the claim

141
 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

10. continued 13. continued

that the average height differs from 6.698 Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough
feet. evidence to support the claim that state
senators are younger than U. S. Senators.
11.
H! : . œ 150 14.
H" : .  150 (claim) H! : . œ 34.9
H" : . Á 34.9 (claim)
C. V. œ 2.33
z œ X5 . œ $152.59 $150
$10.78 œ 1.48 C. V. œ „ 2.05
Èn È38
z œ X5 . œ 28.58.9
34.9
œ  4.55
Èn È40

0 Å 2.33
1.48 Å  1.96 0 1.96
 4.55
Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
not enough evidence to support the claim Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough
that the average cost is greater than $150. evidence to support the claim that the
average stay differs from 34.9 months.
12.
H! : . œ $10,337 15.
H" : . Á $10,337 (claim) a. Do not reject.
b. Reject.
C. V. œ „ 1.65 at 0.10, „ 1.96 at 0.05, c. Do not reject.
and „ 2.58 at 0.01 d. Reject.
z œ X5 . œ $10,7981560
$10,337
œ 3.62 e. Reject.
Èn È150

16.
Since 3.62 is outside the critical values of H0 : . œ 52 (claim)
! œ 0.10, 0.05, and 0.01, reject the null H1 : . Á 52
hypothesis. There is a significant difference
z œ Xs . œ 56.33.552 œ 8.69
in student expenditures. Èn È50

13. The area corresponding to z œ 8.69 is

H0 : . œ 60.35  0.9999. Then P-value  0.01. Hence,
H" : .  60.35 (claim) the null hypothesis should be rejected.
There is enough evidence to reject the claim
C. V. œ  1.65 that the mean is 52. The researcher's claim
z œ Xs . œ 55.46.560.35 œ  4.82 is not valid.
Èn È40

17.
H! : . œ 264
H" : .  264 (claim)
z œ X5 . œ 262.33264 œ  2.53
Èn È20

The area corresponding to z œ 2.53 is

Å  1.65 0
0.9943. The P-value is 1  0.9943 œ
 4.82
0.0057. The decision is to reject the null
hypothesis since 0.0057  0.01. There is

142
 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

17. continued 21. continued

enough evidence to support the claim that The decision is do not reject the null
the average stopping distance is less than hypothesis since P-value  0.05. There is
264 feet. (TI: P-value œ 0.0056) not enough evidence to support the claim
that the mean differs from 444.
18. (TI: P-value œ 0.0886)
H! : . œ 40
H" : .  40 (claim) 22.
X œ 29.26 5 œ 30.9 H! : . œ 65 (claim)
z œ X5 . œ 29.330.940 œ  2.458 H" : . Á 65
Èn È50
z œ X5 . œ 63.2765 œ  1.21
Èn È22

The area corresponding to z œ  2.458 is

0.0069. The decision is reject the null The area corresponding to z œ  1.21 is
hypothesis since 0.0069  0.01. There is 0.1131. The P-value is 2(0.1131) œ 0.2262.
enough evidence to support the claim that The decision is do not reject the null
the average number of copies is less than 40. hypothesis since 0.2262  0.10. Hence,
(TI: P-value œ 0.00699) there is not enough evidence to reject the
claim that the average is 65 acres.
19.
H! : . œ 546 23.
H" : .  546 (claim) H! : . œ 30,000 (claim)
z œ X5 . œ 544.83546 œ  2.40 H" : . Á 30,000
Èn È36
z œ Xs . œ 30,4561684
30,000
œ 1.71
Èn È40

The area corresponding to z œ  2.40 is

0.0082. Thus, P-value œ 0.0082. The The area corresponding to z œ 1.71 is
decision is to reject the null hypothesis since 0.9564. The P-value is 2(1  0.9564) œ
0.0082  0.01. There is enough evidence to 2(0.0436) œ 0.0872. The decision is to
support the claim that the number of calories reject the null hypothesis at ! œ 0.10 since
burned is less than 546. 0.0872  0.10. The conclusion is that there
(TI: P-value œ 0.0082) is enough evidence to reject the claim that
customers are adhering to the
20. recommendation. Yes, the 0.10 significance
H! : . œ 800 (claim) level is appropriate. (TI: P-value œ 0.0868)
H" : . Á 800
z œ X5 . œ 793
12
800
œ  2.61 24.
Èn È200
H0 : . œ 60 (claim)
H1 : . Á 60
The area corresponding to z œ  2.61 is
0.0045. The P-value is found by multiplying X œ 59.93 s œ 13.42
by 2 since this is a two-tailed test. Hence,
z œ Xs . œ 59.9360
13.42 œ  0.03
2(0.0045) œ 0.0090. The decision is to Èn È30

reject the null hypothesis since

0.009  0.01. There is enough evidence to The P-value is 2(0.4880) œ 0.9760. (TI: P-
reject the null hypothesis that the breaking value œ 0.9783). Since 0.9760 > 0.05, the
strength is 800 pounds. decision is do not reject the null hypothesis.
There is not enough evidence to reject the
21. claim that the average number of speeding
H! : . œ 444 tickets is 60.
H" : . Á 444
z œ X5 . œ 430
52
444
œ  1.70 25.
Èn È40
H0 : . œ 10
H" : .  10 (claim)
The area corresponding to z œ  1.70 is
0.0446. The P-value is 2(0.0446) œ 0.0892.

143
 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

25. continued 1. continued

X œ 5.025 s œ 3.63 median, and mode are all equal to 0 and they
z œ Xs . œ 5.025 10
3.63 œ  8.67 are located at the center of the distribution.
Èn È40
The t distribution differs from the standard
normal distribution in that it is a family of
The area corresponding to  8.67 is less curves, the variance is greater than 1, and as
than 0.0001. Since 0.0001 < 0.05, the the degrees of freedom increase the t
decision is to reject the null hypothesis. distribution approaches the standard normal
There is enough evidence to support the distribution.
claim that the average number of days
missed per year is less than 10. 2.
The degrees of freedom are the number of
26. values that are free to vary after a sample
Reject the claim at ! œ 0.05 but not at statistic has been computed. They tell the
! œ 0.01. There is no contradiction since researcher which specific curve to use when
the value of ! should be chosen before the a distribution consists of a family of curves.
test is conducted.
3.
27. a. d. f. œ 9 C. V. œ  1.833
The mean and standard deviation are found b. d. f. œ 17 C. V. œ  1.740
as follows: c. d. f. œ 5 C. V. œ  3.365
d. d. f. œ 8 C. V. œ  2.306
f Xm f † Xm f † X#m
8.35 - 8.43 2 8.39 16.78 140.7842 4.
8.44 - 8.52 6 8.48 50.88 431.4624 a. d. f. œ 14 C. V. œ „ 1.761
8.53 - 8.61 12 8.57 102.84 881.3388 b. d. f. œ 22 C. V. œ  2.819
8.62 - 8.70 18 8.66 155.88 1349.9208 c. d. f. œ 27 C. V. œ „ 2.771
8.71 - 8.79 10 8.75 87.5 765.625 d. d. f. œ 16 C. V. œ „ 2.583
8.80 - 8.88 2 8.84 17.68 156.2912
50 431.56 3725.4224 5.
a. 0.01 < P-value < 0.025 (0.018)
!f†Xm 431.56 b. 0.05 < P-value < 0.10 (0.062)
Xœ n
œ 50
œ 8.63
c. 0.10 < P-value < 0.25 (0.123)
!f†X#m  !( f†Xm ) d. 0.10 < P-value < 0.20 (0.138)
=σ σ
# #
n 3725.4224 (431.56)
50
n1 49
6.
= œ 0.105 a. P-value < 0.005 (0.003)
b. 0.10 < P-value < 0.25 (0.158)
H0 : . œ 8.65 (claim) c. P-value œ 0.05 (0.05)
H1 : . Á 8.65 d. P-value > 0.25 (0.261)

C. V. œ „ 1.96 7.
z œ Xs . œ 8.630.105
8.65
œ  1.35 H0 : . œ 200
Èn È50
H" : .  200 (claim)
Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is C. V. œ  1.833 d. f. œ 9
not enough evidence to reject the claim that
t œ Xs . œ 185.210200 œ  4.680
the average hourly wage of the employees is Èn È10

$8.65.

EXERCISE SET 8-3

1.
It is bell-shaped, symmetric about the mean,
and it never touches the x axis. The mean,

144
 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

7. continued 9. continued
Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough
evidence to reject the claim that the average
height of the buildings is at least 700 feet.

10.
H! : . œ 50,000
H" : .  50,000 (claim)
Å  1.833 0
 4.680
C. V. œ 1.440 d. f. œ 6
X œ 50,363.57 = œ 1113.16
Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough
evidence to support the claim that the t œ Xs . œ 50,363.57 50,000
1113.16 œ 0.864
Èn È7
average number of seeds is less than 200.

8.
H! : . œ $5400
H" : .  $5400 (claim)

C. V. œ  2.052 d. f. œ 27
0 Å 1.440
t œ Xs . œ $5250$629
$5400
œ  1.262
Èn È28 0.864

Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is

not enough evidence to support the claim
that the average number of words is greater
than 50,000.

11.
H! : . œ 73
 2.052 Å 0 H" : .  73 (claim)
 1.262
C. V. œ 2.821 d. f. œ 9
Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is X œ 123.5 s œ 39.303
not enough evidence to support the claim X. 123.573
t œ s œ 39.303 œ 4.063
that the average cost is less than $5400. Èn È10

9.
H0 : . œ 700 (claim)
H" : .  700
X œ 606.5 s œ 109.1

C. V. œ  2.262 d. f. œ 9
0 2.821 Å
t œ Xs . œ 606.5700
109.1 œ  2.710 4.063
Èn È10

Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough

evidence to support the claim that the
average viewing time is longer than 73
minutes.

12.
Å  2.262 0 H! : . œ 110
 2.710 H" : .  110 (claim)

C. V. œ 2.624 d. f. œ 14

145
 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

12. continued 14. continued

X œ 137.333 = œ 24.118 Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough
t œ Xs . œ 137.333 110
24.118 œ 4.389 evidence to support the claim that the
Èn È15
average usage differs from 36.

15.
H! : . œ $50.07
H" : .  $50.07 (claim)

C. V. œ 1.833 d. f. œ 9
0 2.624 Å X œ $56.11 s œ $6.97
X. $56.11$50.07
4.389 tœ s œ 6.97 œ 2.741
Èn È10

Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough

evidence to support the claim that the
average number of calories is greater than
110.

13.
H! : . œ $54.8 0 1.833 Å
H1 : .  $54.8 (claim) 2.741

C. V. œ 1.761 d. f. œ 14 Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough

t œ Xs . œ $62.3$9.5
$54.8
œ 3.058 evidence to support the claim that the
Èn È15
average bill has increased.

16.
H0 : . œ $15,000
H" : . Á $15,000 (claim)

C. V. œ „ 2.201 d. f. œ 11
0 1.761 Å X œ $14,347.17 = œ $2048.54
3.058 t œ Xs . œ $14,347.17$15,000
$2048.54 œ  1.104
Èn È12

Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough

evidence to support the claim that the cost to
produce an action movie is more than $54.8
million.

14.
H! : . œ 36  2.201 Å 0 2.201
H" : . Á 36 (claim)  1.104

C. V. œ „ 2.807 d. f. œ 23 Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is

X. 42.136 not enough evidence to support the claim
t œ s œ 5.3 œ 5.638
Èn È24
that the average stipend differs from
$15,000.

17.
H! : . œ $7.89
H" : .  $7.89 (claim)

 2.807 0 2.807 Å C. V. œ 2.624 d. f. œ 14

5.638

146
 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

17. continued 19. continued

t œ Xs . œ $11.09$4.86
$7.89
œ 2.550 Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough
Èn È15
evidence to support the claim that the
commute time is less than 25.4 minutes.

20.
H0 : . œ 3.18
H" : . Á 3.18 (claim)

0 Å 2.624 X œ 3.833 s œ 1.4346

2.550 d. f. œ 23 C. V. œ „ 2.069
t œ Xs . œ 3.833 3.18
1.4346 œ 2.2299 or 2.23
Èn È24
Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
(TI answer œ 2.231)
not enough evidence to support the claim
that the average cost is greater than $7.89

18.
H0 : . œ 2.27
H1 : . Á 2.27 (claim)

C. V. œ „ 2.093 d. f. œ 19  2.069 0 2.069 Å

t œ Xs . œ 2.980.98
2.27
œ 3.240 2.23
Èn È20

Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough

evidence to support the claim that the
average family size differs from 3.18.

21.
H! : . œ 5.8
 2.093 0 2.093 Å H" : . Á 5.8 (claim)
3.240 X œ 3.85 s œ 2.519
d. f. œ 19 ! œ 0.05
Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough P-value < 0.01 (0.0026)
evidence to support the claim that the t œ Xs . œ 3.852.519
5.8
œ  3.462
Èn È20
average call differs from 2.27 minutes.
Since P-value < 0.01, reject the null
19.
hypothesis. There is enough evidence to
H0 : . œ 25.4
support the claim that the mean is not 5.8.
H1 : .  25.4 (claim)
22.
C. V. œ  1.318 d. f. œ 24
H0 : . œ 9.2 (claim)
t œ Xs . œ 22.15.3
25.4
œ  3.11 H" : . Á 9.2
Èn È25

X œ 8.25 s œ 5.06
d. f. œ 7
P-value > 0.50 (0.6121)
t œ Xs . œ 8.255.06
9.2
œ  0.531
Èn È8

Å  1.318 0 Since P-value > 0.50, do not reject the null

 3.11 hypothesis. There is enough evidence to
support the claim that the mean number of
jobs is 9.2. One reason why a person may
not give the exact number of jobs is that he

147
 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

22. continued 5. continued

or she may have forgotten about a particular Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
job. not enough evidence to support the claim
that the proportion of accidents involving
23. improper driving differs from 45.6%.
H0 : . œ 123
H" : . Á 123 (claim) 6.
d. f. œ 15 H0 : p œ 0.503
P-value < 0.01 (0.0086) H" : p Á 0.503 (claim)
t œ Xs . œ 1195.3
123
œ  3.019
Èn È16 171
pœ
s 300
œ 0.57 p œ 0.503 q œ 0.497
Since P-value < 0.05, reject the null p p
s 0.570.503
zœ œ œ 2.32
hypothesis. There is enough evidence to É pq
n
É (0.503)(0.497)
300
support the claim that the mean is not 123
gallons. Therefore, reject H! at any ! > 0.025 since
the critical value will be greater than 2.33
EXERCISE SET 8-4 (or any P-value Ÿ 0.025).

1. 7.
Answers will vary. H! : p œ 0.36
H" : p  0.36 (claim)
2.
The proportion of A items can be considered 88
p œ 200
s œ 0.44 p œ 0.36 q œ 0..64
a success whereas the proportion of items C. V. œ 2.05
that are not included in A can be considered p p
z œ s œ 0.44 0.36
œ 2.357
a failure. Épq
n
É
(0.36)(0.64)
200

3.
np € 5 and nq € 5

4.
.œ: 5 œ È:;Î8
0 2.05 Å
5.
2.357
H! : p œ 0.456
H" : p Á 0.456 (claim)
Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough
60 evidence to support the claim that the
pœ
s 110
œ 0.545 p œ 0.456 q œ 0.544
proportion of baseball fans is greater than
C. V. œ „ 1.65 36%.
p p
s 0.5450.456
zœ œ œ 1.87 8.
É pq
n
É (0.456)(0.544)
110

(TI: z œ 1.884) H! : p œ 0.279

H" : p  0.279 (claim)
45
p œ 120
s œ 0.375 p œ 0.279 q œ 0.721
C. V. œ 1.65
p p
z œ s œ 0.375 0.279
œ 2.35
Épq
n
É
(0.279)(0.721)
120

 1.65 0 Å 2.58
1.87

148
 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

8. continued 10. continued

Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
not enough evidence to support the claim
that the percentage differs from the national
rate.

11.
H0 : p œ 0.32
0 1.65 Å
H" : p Á 0.32 (claim)
2.35
p œ 170
s 423
œ 0.4019 p œ 0.32 q œ 0.68
Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough
evidence to conclude that the proportion of C. V. œ „ 2.58
p p
female physicians is higher than 27.9%. z œ s œ 0.4019 0.32
œ 3.61
É pq
n
É
(0.32)(0.68)
423

9.
H! : p œ 0.30
H" : p Á 0.30 (claim)

45
p œ 130
s œ 0.346 p œ 0.30 q œ 0.70
C. V. œ „ 1.96
p p
z œ s œ 0.346 0.3
œ 1.145  2.58 0 2.58 Å
Épq
n
É(0.3)(0.7)
130 3.61
(TI: D œ 1.148)
Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough
evidence to support the claim that the
proportion of 40- to 59-year-old moviegoers
differs from 32%.

12.
H! : p œ 0.83
 1.96 0 Å 1.96
H" : p  0.83 (claim)
1.145
p^ œ 240
300 œ 0.8
p œ 0.83 q œ 0.17
Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
not enough evidence to support the claim C. V. œ  1.65
p p
that the proportion of open or unlocked z œ s 0.83
œ 0.8(0.83)(0.17) œ  1.38
É pq
n É 300
window or door burglaries differs from 30%.

10.
H! : p œ 0.856
H" : p Á 0.856 (claim)

p œ 420
s 500 œ 0.84 p œ 0.856 q œ 0.144
C. V. œ „ 1.96  1.65 Å 0
p p
z œ s œ 0.84 0.856
œ  1.02  1.38
É pq
n É(0.856)(0.144)
500
Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
not enough evidence to support the claim
that the percentage is less than 83%.

13.
H! : p œ 0.54 (claim)
H" : p Á 0.54
 1.96 Å 0 1.96
 1.02 36
pœ
s 60 œ 0.6 p œ 0.54 q œ 0.46

149
 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

13. continued 16. continued

p p
z œ s 0.54
œ 0.6(0.54)(0.46) œ 0.93 Since P-value > 0.10, do not reject the null
Épq
É
n 60 hypothesis. There is not enough evidence to
Area œ 0.8238 reject the claim that 14% of men use
P-value œ 2(1  0.8238) œ 0.3524 exercise to relieve stress. The results cannot
Since P-value > 0.01, do not reject the null be generalized to all adults since only men
hypothesis. There is enough evidence to were surveyed.
support the claim that 54% of kids had a
snack after school. Yes, a healthy snack 17.
should be made available for children to eat H! : p œ 0.67
after school. (TI: P-value œ 0.3511) H" : p Á 0.67 (claim)

14. p^ œ 100
82
œ 0.82 p œ 0.67 q œ 0.33
H! : p œ 0.517 (claim) C. V. œ „ 1.96
H" : p Á 0.517 p p
z œ s œ 0.82 0.67
œ 3.19
É pq
n É (0.67)(0.33)
100
115
pœ
s 200
œ 0.575 p œ 0.517 q œ 0.483

p p
s 0.5750.517
zœ œ œ 1.64
É pq
n
É (0.517)(0.483)
200

Area œ 0.9495
P-value œ 2(1  0.9495) œ 0.101
Since P-value > 0.05, do not reject the null
hypothesis. There is not enough evidence to  1.96 0 1.96 Å
reject the claim that 51.7% of homes in 3.19
America were heated by natural gas. The
evidence supports the claim. The conclusion Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough
could be different if the sample is taken in an evidence to support the claim that the
area where natural gas is not commonly used percentage is not 67%.
to heat homes.
18.
15. H! : p œ 0.6
H! : p œ 0.18 (claim) H" : p  0.6 (claim)
H" : p  0.18
p^ œ 26
50 œ 0.52
p œ 0.6 q œ 0.4
pœ
s 50
œ 0.1667 p œ 0.18 q œ 0.82 C. V. œ  1.65
300 p p
zœ p p
s
œ 0.1667 0.18
œ  0.60 z œ s 0.6
œ 0.52(0.6)(0.4 œ  1.15
É pq
É
(0.18)(0.82) É pq
n É 50
n 300

P-value œ 0.2743 (TI: P-value œ 0.2739)

Since P-value > 0.05, do not reject the null
hypothesis. There is not enough evidence to
reject the claim that 18% of all high school
students smoke at least a pack of cigarettes a
day.
 1.65 Å 0
16.  1.15
H0 : p œ 0.14 (claim)
H" : p Á 0.14 Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
not enough evidence to support the claim
10
pœ
s 100 œ 0.10 p œ 0.14 q œ 0.86 that the percentage of paid assistantships is
p p
s 0.14
zœ œ 0.10 œ  1.15 less than 60%.
É pq
n É
(0.14)(0.86)
100

Area œ 0.1251 19.

P-value œ 2(0.1251) œ 0.2502 H0 : p œ 0.576
H1 : p  0.576 (claim)

150
 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

19. continued 22. continued

p^ œ 17
36
œ 0.472 p œ 0.576 q œ 0.424 greater than ! œ 0.10. TDo not reject the
C. V. œ  1.65 null hypothesis. here is not enough evidence
p p
z œ s œ 0.472 0.576
œ  1.26 to conclude that the proportions have
É pq
n É (0.576)(0.424)
36 changed.

23.
H.
zœ 5

Hnp
zœ Ènpq

 1.65 Å 0 H np
n n
zœ 1 Ènpq
 1.26 n

H np
Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is n n
zœ
É n#
npq
not enough evidence to support the claim
that the percentage of injuries during
p p
s
practice is less than 57.6%. zœ
É pq
n

20.
H! : p œ 0.7 EXERCISE SET 8-5
H" : p  0.7 (claim)
1.
p^ œ 204 a. H! : 5 # œ 225
250 œ 0.816
p œ 0.7 q œ 0.3
H" : 5 #  225
C. V. œ 2.33
p p
z œ s œ 0.816 0.7
œ 4.00
É pq
n É(0.7)(0.3)
250
C. V. œ 27.587 d. f. œ 17

0 2.33 Å 0 27.587
4.00
b. H! : 5 # œ 225
Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough H" : 5 #  225
evidence to support the claim that the
percentage of college students who recycle C. V. œ 14.042 d. f. œ 22
is greater than 70%.

21.
This represents a binomial distribution with
p œ 0.50 and n œ 9. The P-value is
2 † P(X Ÿ 3) œ 2(0.254) œ 0.508.
0 14.042
Since P-value  0.10, the conclusion that
the coin is not balanced is probably c. H! : 5 # œ 225
false. The answer is no. H" : 5 # Á 225

22. C. V. œ 5.629, 26.119 d. f. œ 14

This represents a binomial distribution with
p œ 0.20 and n œ 15. The P-value is
2 † T Ð\  &) œ 2(0.061) œ 0.122, which is

151
 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

1c. continued 2c. continued

0 5.629 26.119 0 3.074 28.299

d. H! : 5 # œ 225 d. H! : 5 # œ 225
H" : 5 # Á 225 H" : 5 #  225

C. V. œ 2.167, 14.067 d. f. œ 7 C. V. œ 15.308 d. f. œ 28

0 2.167 14.067 0 15.308

2. 3.
a. H! : 5 # œ 225 a. 0.01 < P-value < 0.025 (0.015)
H" : 5 #  225 b. 0.005 < P-value < 0.01 (0.006)
c. 0.01 < P-value < 0.02 (0.012)
C. V. œ 32.000 d. f. œ 16 d. P-value < 0.005 (0.003)

4
a. 0.02 < P-value < 0.05 (0.037)
b. 0.05 < P-value < 0.10 (0.088)
c. 0.05 < P-value < 0.10 (0.066)
d. P-value < 0.01 (0.007)
0 32.000
5.
# H! : 5 œ 15
b. H! : 5 œ 225
H" : 5  15 (claim)
H" : 5 #  225
C. V. œ 4.575 ! œ 0.05 d. f. œ 11
C. V. œ 8.907 d. f. œ 19
(n1)s# (121)(13.6)#
;# œ 5# œ 15# œ 9.0425

0 8.907

c. H! : 5 # œ 225 0 4.575 Å
H" : 5 # Á 225 9.0425

C. V. œ 3.074, 28.299 d. f. œ 12 Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is

not enough evidence to support the claim
that the standard deviation is less than 15.

152
 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

6. 9. continued
H! : 5 # œ 100 s œ 126.721
H" : 5 # Á 100 (claim) C. V. œ 12.017 ! œ 0.10 d. f. œ 7

s# œ 135.4333 ;# œ (n1)s#
œ (81)(126.721)#
œ 11.241
5# 100#
C. V. œ 2.700, 19.023 ! œ 0.05 d. f. œ 9

(n1)s# (101)(135.4333)
;# œ 5#
œ 100
œ 12.189

0 Å 12.017
11.241

0 2.700 Å 19.023 Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is

12.189 not enough evidence to support the claim
that the standard deviation is more than 100
Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is mg.
not enough evidence to support the claim
that the variance differs from 100. 10.
H! : 5 # œ 100
7. H" : 5 #  100 (claim)
H! : 5 œ 1.2 (claim)
H" : 5  1.2 s# œ 183.7755
C. V. œ 23.685 ! œ 0.05 d. f. œ 14
! œ 0.01 d. f. œ 14
(n1)s# (151)(183.7755)
;# œ 5#
œ 100
œ 25.729
# (n1)s# (151)(1.8)#
; œ 5#
œ (1.2)#
œ 31.5

P-value < 0.005 (0.0047)

Since P-value < 0.01, reject the null
hypothesis. There is enough evidence to
reject the claim that the standard deviation is
less than or equal to 1.2 minutes. 0 23.685 Å
25.729
8.
H! : 5 œ 0.03 (claim) Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough
H" : 5  0.03 evidence to support the claim that the
variance is more than 100.
s œ 0.043
! œ 0.05 d. f. œ 7 11.
(n1)s# (7(0.043)#
H! : 5 œ 35
;# œ 5# œ 0.03# œ 14.381 H" : 5  35 (claim)

0.025 < P-value < 0.05 (0.045) C. V. œ 3.940 ! œ 0.05 d. f. œ 10

Since P-value < 0.05, reject the null
hypothesis. There is enough evidence to (n1)s# (111)(32)#
;# œ 5#
œ 35#
œ 8.359
reject the claim that the standard deviation is
less than or equal to 0.03 ounce.

9.
H! : 5 œ 100
H" : 5  100 (claim)

153
 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

11. continued 13. continued

Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
not enough evidence to support the claim
that the standard deviation is greater than
150 mg of sodium.

14.
H! : 5 œ 12
0 3.940 Å
H" : 5 Á 12 (claim)
8.359
s œ 14.608
Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
C. V. œ 5.226, 21.026 ! œ 0.10 d.f. œ 12
not enough evidence to support the claim
that the standard deviation is less than 35. (n1)s# (131)(14.608)#
;# œ 5# œ 12# œ 17.783
12.
H! : 5 œ 8
H" : 5  8 (claim)

C. V. œ 55.758 ! œ 0.05 d. f. œ 49

(n1)s# (501)(10.5)#
;# œ 5#
œ 8#
œ 84.410 0 5.226 Å 21.026
17.783

Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is

not enough evidence to support the claim
that the standard deviation differs from 12
mg.
0 55.758 Å
15.
84.410
H! : 5 œ 0.52
H" : 5  0.52 (claim)
Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough
evidence to support the claim that the
C. V. œ 30.144 ! œ 0.05 d. f. œ 19
standard deviation is more than 8.
(n1)s# (201)(0.568)#
13. ;# œ 5#
œ (0.52)#
œ 22.670
H! : 5 œ 150
H" : 5  150 (claim)

s œ 162.09
C. V. œ 21.026 ! œ 0.05 d. f. œ 12

(n1)s# (131)(162.09)#
;# œ 5# œ 150# œ 14.012 0 Å 30.144
22.670

Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is

not enough evidence to support the claim
that the standard deviation is more than 0.52
mm.
0 Å 21.026
14.012 16.
H! : 5 # œ 9
H" : 5 #  9 (claim)

154
 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

16. continued 18. continued

=# œ 9.344 Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough
C. V. œ 14.684 ! œ 0.10 d. f. œ 9 evidence to support the claim that the
#
;# œ (n51)s
# œ (101)(9.344)
9
œ 9.344 standard deviation is higher than 8 degrees.

19.
5 ¸ Range
4
5 ¸ $95004 $6782 œ $679.50
H! : 5 œ $679.50
H" : 5 Á $679.50 (claim)
s œ 770.67
0 Å 14.684
C. V. œ 5.009, 24.736 ! œ 0.05 d. f. œ 13
9.344 #
1)(770.67)#
;# œ (n51)s
# œ (14679.5 # œ 16.723
Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
not enough evidence to support the claim
that the variance is more than 9.

17.
H! : 5 œ 60 (claim)
H" : 5 Á 60 0 5.009 Å 24.736
C. V. œ 8.672, 27.587 ! œ 0.10 16.723
d. f. œ 17
s œ 64.6 Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
# 1)(64.6)#
;# œ (n51)s
# œ (18(60)# œ 19.707 not enough evidence to support the claim
that the standard deviation differs from
$679.50.

20.
H! : 5 œ 2385.9
H" : 5  2385.9 (claim)
s œ 2194.845
0 8.672 Å 27.587 C. V. œ 1.145 ! œ 0.05 d. f. œ 5
19.707 # #
;# œ (n51)s
# œ (61)(2194.845)
2385.9#
œ 4.231
Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
not enough evidence to reject the claim that
the standard deviation is 60.

18.
H! : 5 œ 8
H" : 5  8 (claim) 0 1.145 Å
C. V. œ 30.144 ! œ 0.05 d. f. œ 19 4.231
X œ 46.3 s œ 11.017
# (n1)s# (201)(11.017)#
; œ 5# œ 8# œ 36.033 Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
not enough evidence to support the claim
that the standard deviation is less than
2385.9 feet.

EXERCISE SET 8-6

1.
0 30.144 Å H! : . œ 25.2
36.033 H" : . Á 25.2 (claim)

155
 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

1. continued 2. continued
C. V. œ „ 2.032 There is agreement between the z-test and
> œ X= . œ 28.74.6
25.2
œ 4.50 the confidence interval because the interval
Èn È35
does not contain the mean of $236.

3.
H! : . œ $19,150
H" : . Á $19,150 (claim)

C. V. œ „ 1.96
 2.032 0 2.032 Å z œ X5 . œ $17,0204080
$19,150
œ  3.69
Èn È50
4.50

Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough

evidence to support the claim that the
average age differs from 25.2.

The 95% confidence interval of the mean is:

X  > !2 È=n  .  X  > !2 È=n Å  1.96 0 1.96
 3.69
28.7  2.032 ˆ È4.635 )  . 
Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough
28.7  2.032 ˆ È4.6 ) 35 evidence to support the claim that the mean
27.1  .  30.3 is not $19,150.
(TI: 27.2  .  30.2)
The confidence interval does not contain the X  z !2 È5n  .  X  z !2 È5n
hypothesized mean age of 25.2.
$17,020  1.96Ð 4080
È50 Ñ  . 
2.
H! : . œ $236 $17,020  1.96Ð 4080
È50 Ñ
H" : . Á $236 (claim) $15,889  .  $18,151
The 95% confidence interval supports the
C. V. œ „ 2.539 d.f. œ 19 conclusion because it does not contain the
t œ Xs . œ 210
43
236
œ  2.704 hypothesized mean.
Èn È20

4.
H! : : œ 0.694
H" : : Á 0.694 (claim)

C. V. œ „ 1.96

Å  2.539 0 2.539 p^ œ 120

165 œ 0.727 p œ 0.694 q œ 0.306
 2.704
p p
s 0.7270.694
zœ œ œ 0.920
É pq É (0.694)(0.306)
Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough n 165

evidence to support the claim that the

average airfare differs from $236.

The 98% confidence interval of the mean is:

X  z !2 Ès n  .  X  z !2 Ès n
43 43
210  2.539 † È20  .  210  2.539 † È20
 1.96 0 Å 1.96
$185.59  .  $234.41
0.920

156
 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

4. continued 6. continued
The 95% confidence interval of the
proportion is:
p^  (z ! ÑÉ p q < p < p^  (z ! ÑÉ p q
^^ ^^
# n # n

0.727  1.96 † É (0.727)(0.273)

165
:
0.727  1.96 † É 0.727)(0.273)
165
0.659  :  0.795  2.33 0 2.33 Å
2.80
Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
not enough evidence to support the claim X  z !2 È5n  .  X  z !2 È5n
that the proportion of white collar criminals
who serve time differs from 69.4%. The 3 3
12.2  2.33 † È36  .  12.2  2.33 † È36
confidence interval does contain the
hypothesized percentage of 69.4%. 11.0  .  13.4
5. The decision is to reject the null hypothesis
H! : . œ 19 since 2.80  2.33 and the confidence
H" : . Á 19 (claim) interval does not contain the hypothesized
mean of 10.8. The conclusion is that there is
C. V. œ „ 2.145 enough evidence to reject the claim that the
t œ Xs . œ 21.36.519 œ 1.37 average time a person spends reading a
Èn È15
newspaper is 10.8 minutes.

7.
The power of a statistical test is the
probability of rejecting the null hypothesis
when it is false.

 2.145 0 Å 2.145 8.
1.37 The power of a test is equal to 1  " where
" is the probability of a type II error.
The 99% confidence interval of the mean is:
9.
X  z !2 È5n  .  X  z !2 È5n The power of a test can be increased by
21.3  2.145 † 6.5
 .  21.3  2.145 † 6.5 increasing ! or selecting a larger sample
È15 È15
size.
17.7  .  24.9
REVIEW EXERCISES - CHAPTER 8
The decision is do not reject the null
hypothesis since 1.37  2.145 and the 99%
1.
confidence interval does contain the
H! : . œ 18.3
hypothesized mean of 19. The conclusion is
H" : . Á 18.3 (claim)
that there is not enough evidence to support
the claim that the average time worked at
C. V. œ „ 2.33
= œ È32.49 œ 5.7
home is not 19 hours per week.

6. z œ Xs . œ 20.95.7
18.3
œ 3.16
Èn È48
H! : . œ 10.8 (claim)
H" : . Á 10.8

C. V. œ „ 2.33
z œ X5 . œ 12.23 10.8 œ 2.80
Èn È36

157
 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

1. continued 3. continued
Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough
evidence to support the claim that average
debt is less than $18,000.

4.
H! : . œ 10
H" : .  10 (claim)
 2.33 0 2.33 Å
3.16 X. 9.2510
zœ 5 œ 2 œ  2.22
Èn È35
Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough
evidence to support the claim that the P-value œ 0.0132
average time spent online differs from 18.3 Since 0.0132  0.05, reject the null
hours. hypothesis. The conclusion is that there is
enough evidence to support the claim that
2. the average time is less than 10 minutes.
H! : . œ 25.3
H" : .  25.3 (claim) 5.
H! : . œ $1229
C. V. œ  2.33 H" : . Á $1229 (claim)
z œ X5 . œ 23.96.39
25.3
œ  2.19
Èn È100
C. V. œ „ 1.96
t œ Xs . œ $1350$250
$1229
œ 1.875
Èn È15

 2.33 Å 0
 2.19
 1.96 0 Å 1.96
Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is 1.875
not enough evidence to support the claim
that the average commute time is less than Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
25.3 minutes. not enough evidence to support the claim
that the average rent differs from $1229.
3.
H! : . œ 18,000 6.
H" : .  18,000 (claim) H! : . œ $50
H" : .  $50 (claim)
X œ 16,298.37 s œ 2604.82
C. V. œ 1.356 d. f. œ 12
C. V. œ  2.33 X œ 64.962 = œ 51.929
z œ Xs . œ 16,298.37 18,000
2604.82 œ  3.58 t œ Xs . œ 64.962 50
œ 1.04
Èn È30 51.929
Èn È13

0 Å 1.356
Å  2.33 0 1.04
 3.58

158
 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

6. continued 9. continued
p p
Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is z œ s œ 0.28 0.17
œ 4.34
É pq
É
(0.17)(0.83)
not enough evidence to support the claim n 220

that the average winnings exceed $50.

7.
H! : . œ 10
H" : .  10 (claim)

C. V. œ  1.782 X œ 9.6385 s œ 0.5853  1.65 0 1.65 Å

t œ Xs . œ 9.6385 10
0.5853 œ  2.227 or  2.230 4.34
Èn È13

Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough

evidence to support the claim that the
percentage is greater than 17%.

10.
H! : p œ 0.602
Å  1.782 0 H" : p  0.602 (claim)
 2.230
C. V. œ 1.65
Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough p œ 0.65 p œ 0.602 q œ 0.398
s
p p
evidence to support the claim that average z œ s œ 0.65 0.602
œ 1.96
weight is less than 10 ounces. Épq
n É
(0.602)(0.398)
400

8.
H! : . œ 208
H" : .  208 (claim)

C. V. œ 2.896 d. f. œ 8
X œ 209.74 s œ 1.67 0 1.65 Å
t œ Xs . œ 209.74 208
1.67 œ 3.13 1.96
Èn È9

Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough

evidence to support the claim that the
percentage of drug offenders is higher than
60.2%.

11.
0 2.896 Å H! : p œ 0.593
3.13 H" : p  0.593 (claim)

Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough C. V. œ  2.33

evidence to support the claim that weight is p œ 156
s 300
œ 0.52 p œ 0.593 q œ 0.407
greater than 208 grams. p p
s
z œ pq œ 0.52 0.593
œ  2.57
É n É
(0.593)(0.407)
300

9.
H! : p œ 0.17
H" : p  0.17 (claim)

C. V. œ „ 1.65
p œ 0.28 p œ 0.17
s q œ 0.83
Å  2.33 0
 2.57

159
 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

11. continued 14. continued

Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough
evidence to support the claim that less than
59.3% of school lunches are free or at a
reduced price.

12.
H! : p œ 0.65 (claim)
0 1.28 Å
H" : p Á 0.65
3.03
57
pœ
s œ 0.7125 p œ 0.65 q œ 0.35
80 Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough
p p
s
evidence to support the claim that the
0.71250.65
zœ œ œ 1.17 percentage of men over the age of 65 still
É pq
n É (0.65)(0.35)
80
working is greater than 20.5%.
Area œ 0.8790
Pvalue œ 2(1  0.8790) œ 0.242 (0.2412)
15.
Since P-value > 0.05, do not reject the null
H! : 5 œ 4.3 (claim)
hypothesis. There is not enough evidence to
H" : 5  4.3
reject the claim that 65% of the teenagers
own their own MP3 players.
d. f. œ 19
#
(201)(2.6)#
13. ;# œ (n51)s
# œ (4.3#
œ 6.95
H! : p œ 0.204
H" : p Á 0.204 (claim) 0.005 < P-value < 0.01 (0.006)
Since P-value < 0.05, reject the null
^p œ 0.18 p œ 0.204 q œ 0.796 hypothesis. There is enough evidence to
C. V. œ „ 1.96 reject the claim that the standard deviation is
greater than or equal to 4.3 miles per gallon.
p p
s 0.180.204
zœ œ œ  1.03
É pq
n
É (0.204)(0.796)
300 16.
H0 : 5 # œ 3.81
H1 : 5 # Á 3.81 (claim)

s# œ (2.08)# œ 4.3264
C. V. œ 5.629, 26.119 d. f. œ 14
#
;# œ (n51)s
# œ (151)(4.3264)
3.81
œ 15.898
 1.96 Å 0 1.96
 1.03

Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is

not enough evidence to support the claim
that the proportion of high school smokers
differs from 20.4%. 5.629 Å 26.119
15.898
14.
H! : p œ 0.205 Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
H" : p  0.205 (claim) not enough evidence to support the claim
that the variance of admission prices differs
C. V. œ 1.28 from 3.81.
38
p œ 120
s œ 0.3167 p œ 0.205
q œ 0.795 17.
p p
z œ s œ 0.3167 0.205
œ 3.03 H! : 5 # œ 40
Épq
É
(0.205)(0.795)

H" : 5 # Á 40
n 120
(claim)

160
 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

17. continued 19. continued

s œ 6.6 s# œ (6.6)# œ 43.56 The decision is do not reject the null
C. V. œ 2.700, 19.023 d. f. œ 9 hypothesis since 1.49  2.58 and the
#
;# œ (n51)s
# œ (101)(43.56)
40
œ 9.801 confidence interval does contain the
hypothesized mean of 4. There is not
enough evidence to support the claim that
the growth has changed. Yes, the results
agree. The hypothesized mean is contained
in the interval.

20.
2.700 Å 19.023 H! : . œ 35 (claim)
9.801 H" : . Á 35

Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is C. V. œ „ 1.65

not enough evidence to support the claim z œ Xs . œ 33.5335 œ  3.00
that the variance differs from 40. Èn È36

18. The 90% confidence interval of the mean is:

H! : 5 œ 3.4 (claim) X  z !2 È5n  .  X  z !2 È5n
H" : 5 Á 3.4
3 3
33.5  1.65 † È36  .  33.5  1.65 † È36
C. V. œ 11.689, 38.076 d. f. œ 23
# 1)(4.2)#
;# œ (n51)s œ (24(3.4) œ 35.097
# #
32.675  .  34.325

The decision is to reject the null hypothesis

since  3.00   1.65 and the 90%
confidence interval does not contain the
hypothesized mean of 35. The conclusion is
that there is enough evidence to reject the
11.689 Å 38.076 claim that the mean is 35 pounds.
35.097
CHAPTER 8 QUIZ
Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
not enough evidence to reject the claim that 1. True
the standard deviation is 3.4 minutes. 2. True
3. False, the critical value separates the
critical region from the noncritical region.
19. 4. True
H! : . œ 4 5. False, it can be one-tailed or two-tailed.
H" : . Á 4 (claim) 6. b
7. d
C. V. œ „ 2.58 8. c
9. b
z œ Xs . œ 4.20.64 œ 1.49
Èn È20 10. Type I
11. "
The 99% confidence interval of the mean is: 12. Statistical hypothesis
13. Right
X  z !2 È5n  .  X  z !2 È5n 14. n  1
0.6 0.6
4.2  2.58 † È20  .  4.2  2.58 † È20
15. H! : . œ 28.6 (claim)
3.85  .  4.55 H" : . Á 28.6
C. V. œ „ 1.96
z œ 2.15

161
 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

15. continued 22. H! : . œ 26 (claim)

Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough H" : . Á 26
evidence to reject the claim that the average C. V. œ „ 2.492
age is 28.6. t œ  1.5
Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
16. H! : . œ $6,500 (claim) not enough evidence to reject the claim that
H" : . Á $6,500 the average is 26.
C. V. œ „ 1.96
z œ 5.27 23. H! : p œ 0.39 (claim)
Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough H" : p Á 0.39
evidence to reject the agent's claim. C. V. œ „ 1.96
z œ  0.62
17. H! : . œ 8 Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
H" : .  8 (claim) not enough evidence to reject the claim that
C. V. œ 1.65 39% took supplements. The study supports
z œ 6.00 the results of the previous study.
Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough
evidence to support the claim that the 24. H! : p œ 0.55 (claim)
average is greater than 8. H" : p  0.55
C. V. œ  1.28
18. H! : . œ 500 (claim) z œ  0.8989
H" : . Á 500 Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
C. V. œ „ 3.707 not enough evidence to reject the survey's
t œ  0.571 claim.
Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
not enough evidence to reject the claim that 25. H! : p œ 0.35 (claim)
the average is 500. H" : p Á 0.35
C. V. œ „ 2.33
19. H! : . œ 67 z œ 0.666
H" : .  67 (claim) Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
t œ  3.1568 not enough evidence to reject the claim that
P-value < 0.005 (0.003) the proportion is 35%.
Since P-value < 0.05, reject the null
hypothesis. There is enough evidence to 26. H! : p œ 0.75 (claim)
support the claim that the average height is H" : p Á 0.75
less than 67 inches. C. V. œ „ 2.58
z œ 2.6833
20. H! : . œ 12.4 Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough
H" : .  12.4 (claim) evidence to reject the claim.
C. V. œ  1.345
t œ  2.324 27. The area corresponding to z œ 2.15 is
Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough 0.9842.
evidence to support the claim that the P-value œ 2(1  0.9842) œ 0.0316
average is less than what the company
claimed. 28. The area corresponding to z œ 5.27 is
greater than 0.9999.
21. H! : . œ 63.5 Thus, P-value Ÿ 2(1  0.9999) Ÿ 0.0002.
H" : .  63.5 (claim) (TI: P-value  0.0001)
t œ 0.47075
P-value > 0.25 (0.322) 29. H! : 5 œ 6
Since P-value > 0.05, do not reject the null H" : 5  6 (claim)
hypothesis. There is not enough evidence to C. V. œ 36.415
support the claim that the average is greater ;# œ 54
than 63.5.

162
 Chapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing

29. continued
Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough
evidence to support the claim that the
standard deviation is more than 6.

30. H! : 5 œ 8 (claim)
H" : 5 Á 8
C. V. œ 27.991, 79.490
;# œ 33.2
Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
not enough evidence to reject the claim that
5 œ 8.

31. H! : 5 œ 2.3
H" : 5  2.3 (claim)
C. V. œ 10.117
;# œ 13
Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
not enough evidence to support the claim
that the standard deviation is less than 2.3.

32. H! : 5 œ 9 (claim)
H" : 5 Á 9
;# œ 13.4
P-value > 0.20 (0.291)
Since P-value > 0.05, do not reject the null
hypothesis. There is not enough evidence to
reject the claim that 5 œ 9.

33. 28.9  .  31.2; no

34. $6562.81  .  $6,637.19; no

163