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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
Chapter 08
The Central Nervous System
1. The neural tube and neural crest cells are of endodermal origin.
FALSE
3. Damage to the white matter of the brain would prevent transmission of information
between nuclei.
TRUE
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
5. Destruction of the embryonic ____________ will prevent formation of the nervous system.
A. ectoderm
B. mesoderm
C. endoderm
D. mesoglia
6. In the cerebrum, the _________ matter is generally superficial and the _______ matter is
deep.
A. white, gray
B. gray, white
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
13. The function of ____________ neurons is to link sensory stimuli with the appropriate
motor responses.
A. bipolar
B. association
C. motor
D. pseudounipolar
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
14. _________% of total blood flow to the body per minute goes to the brain.
A. 15
B. 20
C. 25
D. 30
15. The brain ventricles are remnants of the hollow neural tube.
TRUE
16. Neural stem cells in adult mammalian brains are found in the
A. cerebral cortex.
B. subventricular zone.
C. midbrain.
D. subgranular zone.
E. both the subventricular and subgranular zones.
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
17. Which area of the brain contains neural stem cells that are apparently important in
learning and memory?
A. arcuate fasciculus
B. subgranular zone of the hippocampus
C. temporal lobe
D. cerebral cortex
18. Neural stem cells from the subventricular zone are important in the renewal of _______
neurons.
A. visual
B. gustatory
C. olfactory
D. auditory
19. Neurogenesis is the formation of new ______________ from neural stem cells.
A. ependymal cells
B. astrocytes
C. neurons
D. All of the choices are correct.
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
20. Communication between the cerebrum and cerebellum is facilitated by the corpus
callosum.
FALSE
21. Damage to the parietal lobe of the cerebrum would impair somatesthetic interpretation.
TRUE
22. Visual inputs are interpreted on the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex.
TRUE
23. Which of the following is the correct list of the lobes of the cerebrum?
A. insula, temporal, parietal, pons, occipital
B. temporal, frontal, insula, cerebellum, occipital
C. frontal, parietal, temporal, insula, occipital
D. cerebrum, midbrain, thalamus, pons, medulla oblongata
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
24. The ____________ is a cerebral lobe that is involved in memory and integration of
sensory information (mostly pain) with visceral responses.
A. temporal
B. frontal
C. parietal
D. insula
25. The largest body regions have the largest areas of the cerebral cortex.
FALSE
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
33. What condition may be partly caused by impairment of mirror neuron function?
A. Alzheimer's disease
B. autism spectrum disorder
C. Parkinson's disease
D. epilepsy
34. What type of neurons aid in imitating, understanding intentions and behaviors of others,
and having empathy with the emotions of others?
A. sensory neurons
B. motor neurons
C. association neurons
D. mirror neurons
35. Mirror neurons are found in the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, and Broca's motor speech area;
and are connected to the limbic system through the insula.
TRUE
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
38. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses ______________ as its basis for producing
images.
A. x-rays
B. gamma rays
C. spinning protons
D. electrical currents
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
39. Which imaging technique uses magnetic fields produced by postsynaptic electric currents
to produce an image?
A. EEG
B. fMRI
C. MEG
D. PET
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
42. Which type of EEG pattern in an awake adult is indicative of brain damage?
A. alpha waves
B. beta waves
C. theta waves
D. delta waves
43. An electroencephalogram obtained from an adult who is thinking would probably display
A. many alpha waves.
B. many beta waves.
C. many delta waves.
D. many theta waves.
44. Which of the following is used to map neuronal activity with scalp electrodes?
A. MEG
B. PET
C. EEG
D. MRI
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
45. During ______________ sleep, dreams that can be recalled are most likely to occur.
A. REM
B. deep
C. nonREM
D. dozing
46. Which type of sleep pattern may aid the consolidation of memory?
A. REM
B. nonREM
47. Heart and respiratory rates increase during REM sleep as if the person were awake.
TRUE
48. Impaired voluntary movements would suggest damage to the cerebral nuclei.
TRUE
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
52. Which of the following neurotransmitters is NOT associated with cerebral nuclei
function?
A. dopamine
B. GABA
C. acetylcholine
D. glutamate
53. Writing skills would be impaired if the ___________ cerebral hemisphere atrophied.
A. right
B. left
C. both
54. Cerebral dominance, in which the _____ cerebral hemisphere is specialized for language
and analytical ability and the right for visuospatial ability, is true for 97% of all people.
A. right
B. left
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
55. Damage to the right motor cortex will generally mean motor problems on the right side of
the body.
FALSE
57. Aphasias are most often associated with damage to ___________ and ___________
areas.
A. Wernicke's and the angular gyrus
B. fornix and Broca's
C. Broca's and Wernicke's
D. the angular gyrus and septal nuclei
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
63. Ablation of the amygdala and limbic system would primarily result in
A. loss of voluntary muscle contraction.
B. attenuation of aggressive behaviors.
C. loss of ability to detect olfactory inputs.
D. no noticeable effects.
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
67. There are many synaptic connected between limbic system structures and the cerebral
cortex.
FALSE
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
70. The famous patient "H.M." could not remember events that occurred after his memory
was damaged after he had brain surgery to treat his epilepsy. He retained his perceptual and
motor skills, but lost his memory of new facts and events. Thus, H.M.'s deficit was in
A. nondeclarative or implicit memory
B. declarative or implicit memory
C. declarative or explicit memory
D. nondeclarative or explicit memory
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
74. Which area of the brain has shown to be involved in complex problem-solving?
A. hippocampus
B. prefrontal cortex
C. amygdala
D. medial temporal lobe
75. What type of memory is involved in learning all this material about memory?
A. semantic
B. implicit
C. episodic
D. procedural
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
76. Being able to recognize the face of a schoolmate at your 30 year reunion, would be a
function of the
A. inferior temporal lobes.
B. occipital lobe.
C. medial temporal lobes.
D. anterior frontal lobes.
78. A circular path of neurons synapsing with one after another is called a ____ circuit.
A. recurrent
B. dendritic
C. synaptic
D. parallel
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
79. LTP (long-term potentiation) studies have shown that protein synthesis must occur to
form dendritic spines to make more permanent changes in synapses to create long-term
memory.
TRUE
80. What ion is involved in stimulating genetic transcription needed for learning and
memory?
A. Na+
B. K+
C. Ca2+
D. NO
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
82. The ______ is involved in the improvement of memory when the memory has an
emotional content.
A. caudate nucleus
B. substantia nigra
C. amygdala
D. lentiform nucleus
83. Damage to the _____ prefrontal area will cause a lack of motivation and sexual desire and
deficient cognitive functions.
A. lateral
B. orbitofacial
C. posterior
D. palatine
84. The limbic system, especially the ____________ and _______________, are rich in
"stress hormone" receptors.
A. caudate nucleus, hippocampus
B. hippocampus, amygdala
C. cingulated gyrus, amygdala
D. septal nuclei, hippocampus
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
86. What substance can act as a retrograde messenger to increase LPT by increasing the
release of glutamate from presynaptic terminals?
A. Mg2+
B. Ca2+
C. NO
D. ACh
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
89. The ___________________ is the dorsal diencephalon, containing the choroid plexus and
the pineal gland.
A. epithalamus
B. hypothalamus
C. thalamus
D. third ventricle
90. Except for the sense of __________, all sensory information is relayed through the
thalamus.
A. taste
B. vision
C. balance
D. smell
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
92. A hypothalamic tumor inducing hyperactivity of the medial hypothalamus may result in
weight loss.
TRUE
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
94. Based on experimental evidence, the ___________ hypothalamus acts as the body's
thermostat.
A. preoptic-anterior
B. lateral
C. medial
D. supraoptic
96. Releasing and inhibiting hormones to the anterior pituitary are produced in the
A. hypothalamus.
B. pituitary gland.
C. pineal gland.
D. cerebral nuclei.
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
100. Ablation of the red nucleus prevents communication between the cerebrum and
cerebellum and thereby enhances normal motor function.
FALSE
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
101. Ablation of the ___________ in the midbrain would impair the ability to respond to
sounds.
A. superior colliculi
B. medial colliculi
C. red nucleus
D. inferior colliculi
103. Which drug acts to inhibit the reuptake of dopamine and amphetamines into the nucleus
accumbens in the forebrain?
A. alcohol
B. amphetamines
C. cocaine
D. opiates
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
104. What part of the mesolimbic system found in the midbrain is involved with behavioral
reward?
A. corpora quadrigemina
B. ventral tegmental area
C. substantia nigra
D. nigrostriatal system
106. The pons gives rise to cranial nerves VIII through XII.
FALSE
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
109. The inability to reach out and touch an object with control and accuracy may result from
damage to the
A. pons.
B. cerebrum.
C. cerebellum.
D. midbrain.
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
111. What type of cerebellar cells provide communication to other brain areas?
A. Purkinje cells
B. reticular cells
C. supraoptic cells
D. pyramidal cells
113. Which of the following is NOT a vital function of the medulla oblongata?
A. vasomotor control
B. cardiac control
C. thirst control
D. respiratory control
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
114. The right side of the brain controls motor activity on the left side of the body because
nerve tracts decussate in the
A. pons.
B. midbrain.
C. thalamus.
D. medulla.
115. Which of the following RAS neurotransmitters stimulates the cerebral cortex for
wakefulness?
A. dopamine
B. GABA
C. norepinephrine
D. Both dopamine and norepinephrine are correct.
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
117. Neurons of the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) of the hypothalamus release
_______ that promotes sleep.
A. GABA
B. acetylcholine
C. dopamine
D. histamine
118. The spinal cord begins at the foramen magnum and ends at the hip.
FALSE
119. In the spinal cord the gray matter is on the _____ and the white matter is on the ___.
A. outside, inside
B. inside, outside
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
120. In the spinal cord, the gray matter is arranged into _____ and the white matter is
arranged into ______.
A. columns, horns
B. funiculi, tracts
C. horns, funiculi
D. tracts, funiculi
121. The spinocerebellar tract would carry information from sensory receptors to the cerebral
cortex.
FALSE
122. Sensory impulses associated with crude touch and pressure are transmitted by the
posterior spinocerebellar tracts to the thalamus.
FALSE
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
123. Sensory impulses for fine touch, precise pressures, and body movement are carried by
the _____ tracts.
A. anterior spinothalamic
B. posterior spinocerebellar
C. lateral spinothalamic
D. fasciculi cuneatus and gracilis
124. The reticulospinal tracts are the major descending pathways of the pyramidal system.
FALSE
125. Descending tracts carry motor impulses from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord.
TRUE
126. A positive Babinski sign in adults indicates damage to the pyramidal motor tracts.
TRUE
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
127. Nerve fibers of the ___________ tract decussate in the spinal cord and are involved in
regulating fine motor movements.
A. tectospinal
B. anterior spinothalamic
C. lateral corticospinal
D. anterior corticospinal
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
130. Pyramidal tracts begin at the motor cortex of the frontal lobe and synapse in the medulla
before descending the spinal cord.
FALSE
131. Which tracts are NOT part of the extrapyramidal motor tracts?
A. vestibulospinal
B. corticospinal
C. rubrospinal
D. reticulospinal
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
133. The inability to chew would be associated with damage to the ophthalmic division of the
trigeminal nerve.
FALSE
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
137. Which cranial nerve is vital for the functioning of the visceral organs?
A. abducens
B. glossopharyngeal
C. hypoglossal
D. vagus
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
139. The facial nerve is the major sensory nerve from the face.
FALSE
140. Which cranial nerve allows one to make facial expressions and secrete tears?
A. trigeminal
B. glossopharyngeal
C. hypoglossal
D. facial
141. Cell bodies of motor neurons are found within the dorsal root ganglia.
FALSE
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
142. There are ___ pairs of cranial nerves and ____ pairs of spinal nerves.
A. 15, 31
B. 31, 12
C. 12, 31
D. 12, 25
143. If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve were to be cut, the individual would
A. have no motor responses for that nerve.
B. have no sensory perception from that nerve.
C. have no reflexes involving that nerve.
D. Both have no sensory perception from that nerve and have no reflexes involving that nerve
are correct.
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
147. Nerves that serve the arm come from the _______ plexus.
A. cervical
B. brachial
C. lumbar
D. sacral
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Chapter 08 - The Central Nervous System
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