ASSESSMENT OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION ON FACEBOOK

OF 12 CLUSTER 2 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

AT ARELLANO UNIVERSITY JOSE RIZAL CAMPUS

A Study Presented to:

Senior High School Department
Arellano University
Jose Rizal High School
Malabon City

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements of
RESEARCH PROJECT

Researchers
CALICDAN, MARY ALTHEA M.
JAVIER, MARCO POLO J.
ARINGALO, NADINE G.
CARPENTERO, JUSTINE
CASIANO, SLYNER PAUL B.
CIERVA, JERLYN
COLO, NICOLE E.
CUERPO, MHEL MARJEN C.
MALLARI, JOHN RICK
MAMARIL, ERICA
MASULA, JOHN BRICKS
OLIVA, SHAINA
PADUA, MARY LEIGH

Research Adviser
MS. JASMINE E. NOBLEZA

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 Table of Contents

Page Number
Acknowledgement………………………………………………. 3
Abstract…………………………………………………………… 4
Introduction
Background of the Study………………………………. 5
Statement of the Problem……………………………… 11
Significance of the Study………………………………. 12
Scope and Delimitation…………………………………. 14
Definition of Terms...................................................... 15
Methodology
Research Design………………………………………… 16
Research Instrument……………………………………. 17
Research Paradigm……………………………………… 18
Treatment of Data………………………………………... 20
Materials…………………………………………………… 23
Procedures………………………………………………… 25
Results……………………………………………………………… 27
Discussion…………………………………………………………. 31
Conclusion…………………………………………………………. 34
Recommendation…………………………………………………. 36
Reference…………………………………………………………… 37
Appendix A…………………………………………………………. 39
Appendix B…………………………………………………………. 40
Curriculum Vitae…………………………………………………… 45

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, the researchers would like to thank the almighty God for giving them

the strength, knowledge, ability and opportunity to undertake this research study.

Without his guidance and mercy, they would not be able to accomplish this research

and all of their daily endeavors.

The researchers would also like to convey their deep and sincere gratitude

towards Ms. Jasmine E. Nobleza for providing invaluable guidance, support, advice,

comments, suggestions, and provisions that help in the completion and success of this

study. The unyielding understanding, patience, determination, and care they experience

and feel, it was a great privilege and honor to work and study under her guidance.

The researchers also like to convey their sincere gratitude to all of the panelists

for letting their pre-oral and final defense to be an enjoyable moment, and for your

brilliant comments and suggestions that would help them to improved and learned

more.

The researchers would also like to express their greatest gratitude towards their

very own parents who have continuously supported them financially to accomplish this

study and for their guidance. This would not have been possible without their support

and understanding given to them, the researchers, all the time.

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 ABSTRACT

The term “political participation” refers to a broad range of activities that people

participate in order to create and express their opinions on how the world is governed

as well as to try to influence and take part in decisions that have an impact on their

lives. to ascertain the level of political participation among the students, the researcher

will concentrate on evaluating political participation among the students, the researcher

will concentrate on evaluating political activity on Facebook. According to the needs of

the study, the researchers employed a descriptive research design and purposive

sampling with fifty (50) respondents, and they used the respondents’ personal

experiences to provide the information they had obtained. This research was conducted

using a qualitative approach. An online survey questionnaire was distributed to the

respondents as part of the research project, which may have as its possible conclusions

an evaluation of the motivations for the political participation on Facebook.

Keywords: Political Participation, Facebook, HUMSS, Urges, Assessment

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 INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Citizens' involvement in political processes has historically been viewed as an

essential component of a perfect democracy. Participation therefore represents a

substantial component of democratic institutions and political communication. new

information from Western nations shows declining youth involvement in political

activities, such as low voting participation. Some researchers questioned whether all

types of Political engagement may be waning or youth participation paradigms may be

changing a formalized method utilizing social media platforms like Facebook to

influence politics and society is undergoing social change. Empirical data has

demonstrated that the trends that describe the move from "young people" to "youth" can

be read as a description of apathetic youth in their current politics. Online engagement

can range from traditional to expressive. A study of young people and their online

political participation is essential and timely as political actions are frequent at a younger

age when they are fostered and communicated (Abdu, Mohamad, & Muda, 2016).

According to UNESCO, any person between the ages of 18 and 35 is considered

to be a youth. Research on this cohort and Facebook use is crucial since political

behavior is formed at a young age. This group of people is the most active Facebook

users worldwide (Mohammad, 2013). And through that, youth political interest and

involvement have recently undergone a fresh development (Wyngarden & E, 2012),

notably with the rise of social media like Facebook; the pattern and opportunities for

5
political participation have drastically changed. Furthermore, Facebook is currently

promoting a new type of political participation among youth (Dhaha & Igale, 2013) as

they use it more and more to influence social and political change (Chan & Guo, 2013).

Users of social media platforms, primarily Facebook (FB), which is the most

widely used, can create contact networks from individual or group profiles (Boyd, 2007).

In the most industrialized nations, it is now a significant source of political news and a

viable forum for participation in civic and political life. Numerous studies have been

conducted on the subject of social media's part in the intricate connection between

news consumption and political participation. The majority of these studies indicate that

sites like Facebook have a favorable impact on political results (Valenzuela, Park, &

Kee, 2019).

Additionally, Facebook is currently taking on significant roles in the "migration

process" wherein young people from all around the world use the forum to address their

issue with politics (Waller, 2013). Apathy, as well as participating in online political

debate that can eventually advance good governance and social development.

However, it's still not apparent whether Facebook usage, political interest, interaction

with politicians, and information quality may have a favorable impact on young people's

participation in online politics and participation.

According to Center for Media Freedom & Responsibility (2016), less than 40%

of the population of a country with 101 million people is online. Nevertheless, Facebook

asserts that more than 50 million Filipinos use its platform in the country. Over 94% of

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those who claim to have access to the Internet also claim to have a social media

account, with Facebook accounting for the vast majority of them.

The Philippines has been dubbed the “social media capital of the world” due to

the fact that millions of Filipinos use Facebook the most, with an average daily usage of

about four hours. However, the nation continues to lag behind the rest of the world and

its ASEAN counterparts in terms of internet speed, cost, and accessibility. However,

according to a recent research from The Asia Foundation, outmoded laws and

regulations have prevented the introduction of technology that may properly usher the

Philippines into the digital age. The Philippines' 4G speed is the fourth-lowest among 88

countries, claims global wireless analyst OpenSignal. Fixed broadband service costs

7.1 percent of the average monthly income of Filipinos, significantly higher than the 5

percent that the International Telecommunications Union advises. While there is internet

access in heavily populated urban regions, many underdeveloped rural areas are still

un- or inadequately served (Pablo, 2018).

The Philippines, a historically impoverished nation with a high percentage of the

population (about 22%) living in poverty, has only recently attained the classification of a

"middle-income" nation. In addition to having low access to various types of technology,

this nation has low rates of high school and college graduation.

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 Due to newspapers' historically low readership rates (at best, 15%), the

Philippines has historically had low levels of political knowledge gained via conventional

media. Today, social media and television are the two main ways people consume

news. Even in industrialized nations, Facebook growth was slower than in the

Philippines, where it rose quickly to become the primary source of news traffic for the

most respected news organizations in the nation. According to a paper on the impact of

Facebook on news reporting in the nation, between 60% and 90% of hits to the top 4

news websites come from FB referrals. Since this occurred a year ago, it is logical to

assume that these percentages have increased. Although television continues to be the

nation's leading news source, Facebook is likely where most individuals who have

access to the Internet obtain their news (David, San Pascual, & Torres, 2019).

These days, whether considering an online social network, which are websites

that promote interactions between users, are so pervasively thought of that it almost

seems hard to avoid them. Regardless of where they are physically, people may quickly

converse and share information. Additionally, individuals can readily express their

opinions and join online communities based on shared affinities, interests, political and

religious beliefs, and causes. With more than 845 million users as of December 2011,

Facebook is undoubtedly the most well-known and important social networking site of

them all. In order to facilitate communication among college students, a small group of

students founded a website in 2004 that was only accessible from a select few

universities. Facebook has quickly outperformed all other social networks in terms of

usage since its global introduction in September 2006. Due to its widespread use,

Facebook has become an increasingly attractive topic for scholars, especially since it's

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Since the start of this research, more than hundred papers have been published

(Anderson & Lee, 2018)

Political participation is defined as “those actions by private individuals that are

more or less directly intended to influence the selection of governmental personnel

and/or the actions they take.” In addition to voting and joining political parties, Verba

and Nei argue that private people have a variety of other options to participate in

politics. Their suggested typology consists of voting, campaigning, contacting elected

officials, and collaborative or community initiatives (Weiss, 2020).

Similar concepts have been put forth by Pattie et al. (2004), in contrast to Verba

and Nie, who emphasize that political participation does not always have to target

governments but may also target other institutions or even groups. As a result, political

participation may affect how government services like health and education are

provided by the government as well as how policies are developed. According to Brady,

an activity must be voluntary, observable, and evident in order to be classified as

political participation. He also highlights relations between common people and political

leaders, though (Weiss, 2020).

Young people can get involved in politics in a variety of ways, including voting in

general elections, joining political parties and events, volunteering for youth

organizations or issue-based NGOs, participating in discussions about youth or

community issues, forming opinions through written media or youth radio, running in

political campaigns, and engaging in other activities.

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 Young people are particularly prone to new kinds of social and political

engagement, which suggests that youth politics is not limited to initiatives that try to

influence government policy but also includes problems of broader social concerns

(Kovacheva, 2005). Their political engagement takes different forms than that of

traditional democratic politics, such as elections and campaigns, such as social

activism, volunteer labor, boycotts, lifestyle politics, protest marches, and new social

movements. According to this perspective, today's youth are developing new modes of

political participation that are more appealing to them than those they inherited from

their parents and grandparents (Forbig, 2005), consistent with their ideas of what

politics entails, and probably more in line with their own requirements, way of life, and

interests (Sloam, 2007; Kovacheva, 2005).

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Statement of the Problem

This study aims to assess the Political Participation of Grade 12 Cluster 2 Senior

High School Students in Arellano University – Jose Rizal Campus.

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic Profile of the respondents?

1.1. Age;

1.2. Gender;

1.3. Section?

2. What urges the students to participate in political discussions on Facebook?

2.1. Politics/Politicians;

2.2. Government Issues;

2.3. Elections and;

2.4. Effect on their daily life?

3. What has influenced the students' experience while reading that information on

Facebook?

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Significance of the Study

This study intends to assess the participation of twelve (12) cluster two (2) Senior

High School Students in political information on Facebook. The impact of the active

students in terms of political awareness and/or raising information can also be useful for

everyone confused. The study can identify several factors that affect student

involvement. It also seeks to analyze the findings and features of the study in question.

The findings of this study will benefit the following:

● The Students

Social media platforms and the internet have facilitated the spread of

political information; therefore, this research will help how information from

Facebook influences the opinion of students when it comes to political issues.

● The Parents

This could help them in educating their children on what information on

Facebook can help them acquire knowledge about political issues.

● The Teachers

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 This research allows teachers to understand students’ views and opinions

on political issues and also provides an opportunity and helps their students to

increase their knowledge on a specific topic.

● The Future Researchers

The study will allow future researchers to broaden their knowledge of

political information on Facebook. This could be a source of data for them.

● The Institutions

The conducted study could open an opportunity for institutions to learn and

understand a student's perspective and understanding at this time, which may

help them in the future.

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Scope and Delimitation

The study is focused on assessing the participation of Grade 12 Senior High

School Students from Cluster 2 in Arellano University – Jose Rizal Campus in politics in

a specific social networking site which is Facebook. The researchers will produce an

online questionnaire as a survey and reference that will be conducted at Arellano

University Jose Rizal Campus for the school year two thousand twenty-two to two

thousand twenty-three (2022-2023). This study will choose fifty (50) Senior High School

Students of Cluster 2 that will represent the population of the study.

The results of this study will only be applicable to the respondents of this study

and will not be used to assess the political participation of other students from other

strands, clusters, grades, and universities in political issues who do not belong to the

population of this study. The study also does not cover the other problems that are not

necessarily connected to the engagement of senior high school students in political

issues and other factors outside of the scope of this study.

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Definition of Terms

Accessibility

— is the attribute of something being simple to use or acquire.

Assessment

— is the term for the act of collecting data or information to make a judgement.

Controversial Issues

— a hot topic that causes a dispute between people because of different

opinions.

Demographic

— it refers to the distinct characteristics of the population/sample such as age,

gender, age, etc.

Political Perspective

— is a term used to describe a person's viewpoint on political discussions.

Urges

— is the reason or the thing that propels someone to do something.

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16
 METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The research method used in this study is Quantitative. According to Coghlan

and Brydon-Miller (2014), in the social sciences, the quantitative approach is the

dominant research framework. It refers to a set of tactics, methodologies, and

hypotheses used to investigate psychological, social, and economic processes by

examining numerical patterns. This study is focused on gathering numerical data and

generalizing the information obtained from respondents. The quantitative research

method yields coherent, unbiased outcomes, and accurate statistics.

In this study, the researchers used Descriptive Research Design and the chosen

respondents were selected according to the need of the study, to accurately and

systematically describe a population, situation or phenomenon. According to Glass &

Hopkins (1984), during conducting descriptive research, data about events are

gathered, organized, tabulated, illustrated, and described. It frequently includes visual

aids such as charts and graphs, in order to help the readers to comprehend how the

data is distributed.

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Research Instrument

Since the gathering of data was done amidst the pandemic, an online survey

questionnaire was prepared to gather enough data to support the research study. The

researchers used google form as a primary platform for answering the survey

questionnaire. It has two (2) parts consisting of Demographic Profile such as name,

gr/strand/section, gender, and age. And the other one is, Likert Scale – that will answer

the other Statement of the Problem this study has.

18
 Research Paradigm

The conceptual framework of the study illustrates the paradigm presented

INPUT through the Input-Process-Output model (IPO).

1. What is the demographic Profile of the

respondents? PROCESS

1.1. Age; 1.Data gathering OUTPUT

through:
1.2. Gender; Proposed Webinar
1.3. Section? a. Questionnaire Learning
2. What urge the students to participate in 2. Statistical tools Enhancement
political discussions on Facebook?
using: about The Right
a. Percentage
Ways to Collect
2.1. Politics/Politicians;
and Share
2.2. Government Issues; b. Weighted mean
Information on
2.3. Elections and; c. Likert Scale Facebook
2.4. Impact/Effect on their daily life?

3. What is the level of influenced the students

3. Analysis and
experience while reading those information on interpretation of data.
Facebook?

Figure 1. IPO Model

The input data of this diagram is answerable by the statement of the problem. It

includes the demographic Profile of the students, urges why students participate in

political participation, and lastly, the level of how the information on Facebook influences

them.

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 The data will undergo the process of collection through questionnaire. The

statistical tools we will use will measure the data that we collected from answering the

questionnaire. It enhances more for us, the researchers, to analyze and interpret the

data from our respondents.

This is conceptualized basically to enhance the awareness of the students in

terms of politics, we can use social media (such as Facebook, Google meet, etc.) to

spread and explain what should be done and what should not be done about politics

issue, such as spreading fake news and other things, so that the students can have

more knowledge about politics. Since people among us are having fun using this app,

why can't we spread awareness on this platform? You are having fun while at the same

time learning something. With its aim, we can also more effectively communicate the

political issue, especially to the younger generation who we know frequently use social

media

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Treatment of Data

The study was conducted over a short time by doing a survey using Google

Forms. Tallying and getting the accurate percentage and Weighted mean based on the

respondent answers from the questionnaires that was given to Grade 12 Cluster 2

Senior High School Students about political participation in Facebook of Arellano

University – Jose Rizal Campus.

The data that the researcher gathered from the respondents who answered the

survey in Google forms will undergo tallying. These data will be utilized to furnish a

suitable response to reply to the researcher’s necessary problem. The findings will be in

contrast based totally on the distinction in feedback. To exhibit the effects in a neat and

structured manner. The information that will be accumulated is going to be the use of a

table. The Likert scale interpretation will also be used to analyze the data for Likert scale

questions. For solving the data, percentage and Weighted mean of each response the

formula that will be used are:

1. Frequency and Percentage

It is the show of information that specifies the proportion of distributions that exist

for every data point or grouping of statistics points.

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FORMULA:

%= ( fn ) ×100

WHERE:

%= Percentage

f= frequency

n= number of respondents

2. Weighted Mean

A weighted mean is a kind of average, instead of each fact point contributing

equally to the final mean, some statistics factors contribute higher weight than others.

FORMULA:

❑
∑
❑
❑f
Wm=
n

WHERE:

Wm= Weighted Mean

f= Summation of total number of responses

n= number of respondents

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3. Likert Scale

INDICATORS NUMERICAL VERBAL

INTERPRETATION INTERPRETATION
5.00 – 4.21 5 Strongly Agree
4.20 – 3.41 4 Agree
3.40 – 2.61 3 Neutral
2.60 – 1.51 2 Disagree
1.50 – 1.00 1 Strongly Disagree

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Materials

To properly gather data there are tools and/or materials we need to use to

accomplish this. In this study, the researchers used three (3) apps/software in data

collection and data analyzation. This includes; Google forms, Microsoft Excel, and SPSS

(Statistical Package for the Social Science).

Google Forms. Giving an online survey forms can be created using the google

forms tool in google drive. It doesn’t have many features but it does have support for a

variety of question types, basic data validation, and skip logic (Statistical & Qualitative

Data Analysis Software: About Google Forms, 2023). Through google form, researchers’

gathers and collect data to satisfy the researcher’s aims/objectives/goals in this study.

Microsoft Excel. To properly analyze this, we use Microsoft Excel. According to

the page of Technopedia by M. Rouse (2020), Microsoft Excel is a piece of software that

enables users to use a spreadsheet system to organize, arrange, and calculate data

using formulae (Rouse, 2020).

24
 SPSS. Aside from collecting and gathering data, we also need to analyze it to

finally interpret the results from surveys. To do so, researchers’ used SPSS (Statistical

Package for the Social Science) to easily analyze the gathered data. From basics like

frequencies to advanced regression models, SPSS offers a wide range of statistical

measures. It offers a wide range of statistical tools to effectively analyze highly complex

data. Manipulate and analyze incredibly complex data in just a few basic steps

(Gartner). Using this software, it analyzes the collected data and displays the results of it

into tabular and graphical form.

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Procedures

Data Collecting has several procedures and steps to endure before finishing this

research paper. The researchers in this study have several procedures that take place

before, during, and after the collection of the study.

Before gathering data, we, the researchers, need tool/s that are needed to

proceed for collection of data and that is the questionnaire. Each part of the

questionnaire has a different purpose as it answers the statement of the problem of this

study. After researcher’s survey questions are made, it is simply transferred and put the

questions into google form, as it will be the online survey questionnaire researchers

prepared for their target respondents. Aside from transferring the questions to google

form, researchers request a letter to the teachers in Arellano University-Jose Rizal

Campus requesting permission for conducting an online survey to 12 Cluster 2 at

Arellano University-Jose Rizal Campus. And in the Online Survey, researchers insert a

photo of the letter that the school approved for collection of data at the students.
26
 Proceeding to the next procedure, researchers start to distribute the online survey

questionnaire using the purposive sampling–as the name itself, purposive sampling,

sometimes referred to as judgmental, selective, or subjective sampling, is a form of non-

probability sampling where when selecting a member of the population to participate in

the survey, researchers rely on their own judgement (2021)– to obtain the sample

needed. The aim of this research is to select a sample based on the needs about the

study. The participants are selected based on the purpose of the sample and according

to the needs of the study. And let the respondents answer the survey freely. There are

two (2) phases for this study. First phase is for knowing our target respondents –

politically participative. The second and last phase is for conducting the real survey for

the study to meet its own desired goal.

Meeting the desired number of respondents, researchers stop distributing and

continue to data analyzation for the results of the survey in transferring in Microsoft

Excel. Using Microsoft Excel, researchers decided to sort the data and label it first for

fast and smooth flow before transferring it to SPSS. Using this software, the data will be

analyzed in tabular form. After the data is analyzed, researchers will proceed in data

interpretation and discussion, and conclude from the summary of findings.

27
 RESULTS

AGE
N %
17 YEARS OLD 16 32.0%
18 YEARS OLD 27 54.0%
19 YEARS OLD 5 10.0%
20 YEARS OLD ABOVE 2 4.0%
Table 1. Age

The first table shows the age of the respondents of this study. There are twenty-

seven (27) or fifty-four percent (54%) with the highest respondents in terms of age being

18 years old. Sixteen (16) or thirty-two percent (32%) of the respondents are 17 years

old. Another five (5) or ten percent (10%) of the respondents are the age of 19 years old.

And lastly, the age range 20 years old and above only has two (2) respondents or four

percent (4%).

SECTION
N %
12 HUMSS 6A 28 56.0%
12 HUMSS 7A 9 18.0%
12 HUMSS 8A 3 6.0%
12 HUMSS 9A 4 8.0%
12 HUMSS 10A 6 12.0%
Table 2. Section

28
 The second table shows the Section of each respondent. There are twenty-eight

(28) or fifty-six percent (56%) of the respondents answered that they are a 12 HUMSS

6A. The second one has nine (9) or eighteen percent (18%) respondents and answered

that they are students of 12 HUMSS 7A. While, six (6) or twelve percent (12%) of the

respondents answered that they are students of 12 HUMSS 10A. Also, four (4) or eight

percent (8%) of the respondents answered that they are 12 HUMSS 9A. And lastly, 12

HUMSS 8A that there are only three (3) or six percent (6%) of the respondents

answered.

GENDER
N %
MALE 18 36.0%
FEMALE 32 64.0%
Table 3. Gender

The third table shows the gender of the respondents this study had. There thirty-

two (32) or sixty-four percent (64%) of the respondents answered Female. While, only

eighteen (18) or thirty-six percent (36%) of the respondents are Males.

QUESTIONS MEAN VERBAL RANKING

INTERPRETATION

I prefer to use Facebook 2.7000 Neutral 3

to gather information for
political/government
issues.

I often used Facebook to 2.4600 Disagree 4

share my thoughts and
ideas about
political/government
issues.

29
 I only used Facebook 3.6800 Agree 1
during the election.

I used Facebook as my 1.9400 Disagree 5

main platform for
socialization.

I frequently rant about my 2.9000 Neutral 2

life on Facebook.
Table 4. Urge why students politically participative

Based on analyzed data that will determine why students are politically

participative in political discussions, with the highest weighted mean of 3.6800 and a

verbal interpretation of “Agree”, the results shows that the “I only used Facebook when

its election.” While “I frequently rant about my life on Facebook” with the second to the

highest weighted mean of 3.3250 and a verbal interpretation of “Neutral”. The question

“I prefer to use Facebook to gather information for political issues” got 2.7000 as a

weighted mean and with the verbal interpretation of “Neutral”. Also, “I often used

Facebook to share my thoughts and ideas about political issues” got 2.4600 as a

weighted mean and a verbal interpretation of “Disagree”. And lastly, with the lowest

weighted mean of 1.9400 and a verbal interpretation of “Disagree”, “I used Facebook as

my main platform for socialization.”

QUESTIONS MEAN VERBAL RANKING

INTERPRETATION

When I see information about 3.9200 Agree 1

political issues on Facebook, I’ll
immediately believe it without
30
 doing my own research.

I only believe on trusted pages 2.2200 Disagree 4

(e.g., Inquirer, Rappler, Abs
Cbn, etc.) When it comes to
political issues.

When there are hot political 2.8200 Neutral 2

issues surrounding the internet,
I become active and
participative.

It affects me when someone is 2.7400 Neutral 3

saying bad things about me
just because I voice out my
opinion on that specific political
matter.
Table 5. Influenced

Based on analyzed data that will determine the influence of Facebook to students

while reading the information it has, with the highest weighted mean and a verbal

interpretation of “Agree”, results show that “When I (students) see information about

political issues on Facebook, I’ll immediately believe it without doing my own research.”

While, “When there are hot political issues surrounding the internet, I become active and

participative”, with the second highest weighted mean of 2.8200 and a verbal

interpretation of “Neutral”. The question, “It affected me when someone is saying bad

things about me just because I voice out my opinion on that specific political matter”, got

2.7400 as a weighted mean and a verbal interpretation of “Neutral”. And lastly, with the

lowest weighted mean of 2.2200 and a verbal interpretation of “Disagree”, “I only believe

on trusted pages (e.g., Inquirer, Abs CBN, etc.) when it comes to political issues.”

31
 DISCUSSION

This study entitled, “Assessment of Political Participation on Facebook of 12 Cluster 2

Senior High School Students at Arellano University Jose Rizal Campus”, have an overall

purpose of assessing the participation of 12 Cluster 2 Senior High School Students of

Arellano University – Jose Rizal Campus and how the said information can be found on the

said social media platform, Facebook. And by that, determining the urges that the target

respondents’ experiencing to be politically participative; understand how the said information

changes or holds their opinions, attitudes, and views and where that information comes from

are what the study wants to figure out.

To ensure that the purpose and the objective of this study will meet, Researchers will

answer the Statement of the Problem.

32
 1. What is the demographic Profile of the respondents?

Based on the analyzed data presented, most of the respondents are at the age of

18 years old and mostly composed of female respondents with a total number of thirty-

two (32) or sixty-four percent (64%). The majority of the respondents come from 12

HUMSS 6A.

2. What urges the students to participate in political discussions on

Facebook?

Government Issues

Based on the analyzed data, with the weighted mean of 2.7000 and a verbal

interpretation of Neutral, the students are in neutral position, neither agree nor disagree,

that government issues are what urge them to participate in political discussions on

Facebook. Government issues may vary people’s understanding of how it is properly

addressed. But it is important to know if what we are getting is more than enough to

urge us from participating.

Elections

Based on the analyzed data, with the highest weighted mean of 3.6800 and a

verbal interpretation of Agree, Elections urge the students to participate politically on

Facebook discussions. Most of the Filipino experience the elections that takes place to

our country for the past years, especially last May 9, 2022. According to phase 1 of our

survey, we gathered enough information that may back this up. We read each of the

33
answers and surprise from their thoughts in every situation to the questions and

scenarios we ask.

Effect on their daily life

Based on the analyzed data, with the weighted mean of 2.9000 and a verbal

interpretation of Neutral, the students are in a neutral position where Facebook is their

place to rant about the effect of politics on their lives. Effect to daily life of students to

politics really did something big that may cause them to rant through social media.

3. What influenced the students' experience while reading that information on

Facebook?

Based on the analyzed data presented, with the highest weighted mean of 3.9200

and a verbal interpretation of “Agree”, “When I see information about political issues on

Facebook, I’ll immediately believe it without doing my own research”, we can’t really

conclude after we just read something but it is easy enough to believe something that

makes it more possible. Information on Facebook is not always true, gathering this

information to this social media platform, Facebook, is a thing we can’t really rely on.

The information we may see is biased, a fake, an opinion, and no foundation or

evidence included.

34
 CONCLUSIONS

The researchers conducted a survey that tested the 12 Cluster 2 Senior High

School Students of Arellano University – Jose Rizal Campus about their engagement in

political participation on Facebook and what factors urge them to have Facebook as a

source of information for daily use. The researcher's team's primary conclusions are

discussed below.

Facebook has been a source of information for everyone because it's convenient

for students. Nowadays, Facebook is the go-to platform to gather information about

politics, academics, or the lives of celebrities. However, some students think that

Facebook is not a proficient platform for information, especially for academics, politics,

and society-related data. In addition to that, some also say that Facebook is a platform

35
for interaction, giving ideas, and arguments and not for gathering data such as high

intellectual information.

In the everyday life of students, the first thing that they will check on their phones

is Facebook. They will check their notifications, messages, and the latest news that is

spread around the platform. However, the said platform has a lot of misinformation and

disinformation that may affect the understanding of the students about the issue. And

that's why the researchers composed the survey questionnaire into four parts: the

demographic profile, reasons, opinions, explanation, and awareness of political

information.

There are many factors why Cluster 2 Senior High School Students often use

Facebook as their application for engaging in such political participation and gathering

information. Many have said that they used Facebook because it's accessible to all. And

it is a fact. All of us are aware that Facebook is the only application that we can use

even though we don't have WIFI or load. However, because of its accessibility to all, it is

much easier to spread fake news.

Some also said that Facebook is not a trusted platform despite its having rules

and regulations such as restrictions on accounts for commenting violent phrases. It is

because not all disinformation and misinformation are being deleted, some stay and

result in chaos for the audience. As the research has demonstrated, there are factors

36
that urge Cluster 2 Senior High School Students to participate in political ideologies.

Thus, it makes an impact on the students in their everyday lives and perspectives.

RECOMMENDATIONS

 Expand the Coverage of the Study

Through the expanding of the study, it will cover more of the students and

other more participants. It can include other strands from school (ABM,

STEM, GAS, ICT, HE, etc.); Other schools and; other more.

 Online and Offline Political Participation

Focusing in this particular topic will more elaborate the different ways of how

they (respondents) participate in terms of politics in online or offline. It will

also talk about how it affects their participation.

 Misinformation and Fake News on Facebook about Politics

37
 It will talk about the negatives that the social media users on Facebook

encounter. It will open up a new door for the knowledge that may lead the

future researchers to solve or make an action.

 Effects in Participating Political Discussions

It will talk about the effects, good or bad, that the participants encounter in

participating. It will elaborate the factors, the reasons, etc., that the study will

need to properly discuss this particular topic.

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Abdu, S., Mohamad, B., & Muda, S. (2016). New Perspectives to Political Participation among Youth: The
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rejuvenate-the-patterns-of-political-participation/

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Pablo, M. (2018). Internet Inaccessibility Plagues “Social Media Capital of the World”. Retrieved from
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the-world/

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Waller. (2013). Enhancing Political Participation in Jamaica: The Use of Facebook to “Cure” the Problem
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Weiss, J. (2020). What Is Youth Political Participation? Literature Review on Youth Political Participation
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39
40
APPENDIX A

41
 APPENDIX B

• Demographic Profile of the respondents

1. Age

[ ] 16 YEARS OLD

[ ] 17 YEARS OLD

[ ] 18 YEARS OLD

[ ] 19 YEARS OLD

[ ] 20 YEARS OLD AND ABOVE

2. Section

[ ] 12 HUMSS 6A

[ ] 12 HUMSS 7A

[ ] 12 HUMSS 8A

[ 12 HUMSS 9A

[ ] 12 HUMSS 10A

3. Gender

[ ] Male

[ ] Female

• SOP 2

1.) I prefer to use Facebook to gather information for political issues

42
 [ ] Strongly Agree

[ ] Agree

[ ] Neutral

[ ] Disagree

[ ] Strongly Disagree

2.) I often used Facebook to share my thoughts and ideas about political issues

[ ] Strongly Agree

[ ] Agree

[ ] Neutral

[ ] Disagree

[ ] Strongly Disagree

3.) I only used Facebook when its election

[ ] Strongly Agree

[ ] Agree

[ ] Neutral

[ ] Disagree

43
 [ ] Strongly Disagree

4.) I used Facebook as my main platform for socialization

[ ] Strongly Agree

[ ] Agree

[ ] Neutral

[ ] Disagree

[ ] Strongly Disagree

5.) I frequently rant about my life on Facebook

[ ] Strongly Agree

[ ] Agree

[ ] Neutral

[ ] Disagree

[ ] Strongly Disagree

• SOP 3

1.) When I saw information about political issues on Facebook, I immediately believe it

without doing my own research

44
 [ ] Strongly Agree

[ ] Agree

[ ] Neutral

[ ] Disagree

[ ] Strongly Disagree

2.) I only believe on trusted pages (e.g. Inquirer, Rappler, ABS CBN, etc.) when it comes

to political issues

[ ] Strongly Agree

[ ] Agree

[ ] Neutral

[ ] Disagree

[ ] Strongly Disagree

3.) When there is a hot political issue surrounding the internet, I become active and

participate

[ ] Strongly Agree

[ ] Agree

[ ] Neutral
45
 [ ] Disagree

[ ] Strongly Disagree

4.) It affected me when someone is saying bad things about me just because I voice out

my opinion on that specific political matter

[ ] Strongly Agree

[ ] Agree

[ ] Neutral

[ ] Disagree

[ ] Strongly Disagree

46
 CURRICULUM VITAE
MARY ALTHEA M. CALICDAN
39-23 Caingin St. Tinajeros Malabon City
Contact Number: (+63) 960 638 1828
Email Address: altheacalicdan881@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Gender : Female
Date of Birth : December 15, 2004
Age : 18 years old
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

ELEMENTARY Tinajeros Elementary School

B. Rivera St. Tinajeros Malabon City

HIGHSCHOOL Tinajeros National High School

B. Rivera St. Tinajeros Malabon City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Arellano University- Jose Rizal Campus

Gov. Pascual Ave. Concepcion Malabon City
2021 - 2023

JERLYN C. CIERVA
Purok 6 Hernandez St., Catmon Malabon City
Contact Number: (+63) 956 7989 041
Email Address: capaljerlyn@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Gender : Female
Date of Birth : November 15, 2005
Age : 17 years old
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

ELEMENTARY Catmon Integrated School

Hernandez St., Catmon Malabon City
2011 - 2017

HIGHSCHOOL Malabon National High School

M. Naval St., Hulong Duhat Malabon City
2017 - 2021

47
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Arellano University- Jose Rizal Campus
Gov. Pascual Ave. Concepcion Malabon City
2021 - 2023

JUSTINE A. CARPENTERO
135 K Yanga St., Maysilo Malabon City
Contact Number: (+63) 997 3095 528
Email Address: carpenterojustine66@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Gender : Male
Date of Birth : May 10, 2005
Age : 17 years old
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Catholic

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

ELEMENTARY Maysilo Elementary School

17 San Antonio Street, Malabon, Metro Manila,
2011 - 2017

HIGHSCHOOL Tinajeros National High School (Main)

B. Rivera St, Malabon, Metro Manila
2017 - 2021

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Arellano University- Jose Rizal Campus

Gov. Pascual Ave. Concepcion Malabon City
2021 - 2023

SLYNER PAUL B. CASIANO

115 Macabagdal St., Brgy. 86 Caloocan, Metro Manila 1400
Contact Number: (+63) 977 7859 507
Email Address: slynercasiano12@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Gender : Male
Date of Birth : March 1, 2003
Age : 20 years old
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

ELEMENTARY Calaboa Elementary School

Calaboa Leganes, Iloilo City
2009 - 2015

48
HIGHSCHOOL Maria Clara High School
8th Ave. Maria Clara St., Caloocan City
2018 - 2021

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Arellano University - Jose Rizal Campus

Gov. Pascual Ave. Concepcion Malabon City
2021-2023

MARCO POLO J. JAVIER

#121 C Road 7 GSIS HILLS SUBDIVISION TALIPAPA CALOOCAN CITY.
Contact Number: (+63) 936 3908 810
Email Address: marcopolojjavier@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Gender : Male
Date of Birth : February 04, 2005
Age : 18 years old
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Mormons

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

ELEMENTARY Talipapa Elementary School

Rivera St. Talipapa Brgy. 164 Caloocan City
2010 - 2017

HIGHSCHOOL Talipapa High School

Bayabas St. Brgy 164 Talipapa Caloocan City
2017 - 2021

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Arellano University - Jose Rizal Campus

Gov. Pascual Ave. Concepcion Malabon City
2021 - 2023

MHEL MARJEN C. CUERPO

64 Camus Ext. Brgy Ibaba Malabo City
Contact Number: (+63) 995 1766 514
Email Address: mhelmarjencuerpo@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Gender : Female
Date of Birth : August 11, 2005
Age : 17 years old
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

49
ELEMENTARY Santiago Syjuco Memorial School
E. Jacinto Street, Malabon City
2012 - 2017

HIGHSCHOOL Santiago Syjuco Memorial Integrated Secondary School

Herrera St., Malabon City
2017 - 2021

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Arellano University - Jose Rizal Campus

Gov. Pascual Ave. Concepcion Malabon City
2021 - 2023

MARY LEIGH ANNE B. PADUA

Blk. 11E Lot 28 PH3 E1 Pla-Plat St., Kaunlaran Village, Caloocan City
Contact Number: (+63) 936 4540 847
Email Address: paduamaryleighanne@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Gender : Female
Date of Birth : January 27, 2005
Age : 18 years old
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Catholic

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

ELEMENTARY Loma De Gato Elementary School

Poblacion 1, Brgy. Loma De Gato, Marilao Bulacan
2011 - 2017

HIGHSCHOOL Macario B. Asistio Sr. High School (Main)

Pampano St., Kaunlaran Village, Caloocan City
2017 - 2021

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Arellano University - Jose Rizal Campus

Gov. Pascual Ave. Concepcion Malabon City
2021 - 2023

NADINE G. ARINGALO
116 Sanciangco St. Catmon Malabon city
Contact Number: (+63) 930 0490 648
Email Address: ndnaringalo@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Gender : Female
Date of Birth : May 18, 2005
50
Age : 17 years old
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

ELEMENTARY Tinajeros Elementary School

B. Rivera St., Tinajeros Malabon City
2012 - 2017

HIGHSCHOOL Tinajeros National High School (Main)

B. Rivera St., Tinajeros Malabon City
2017 - 2021

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Arellano University - Jose Rizal Campus

Gov. Pascual Ave. Concepcion Malabon City
2021 - 2023

JOHN RICK MALLARI

Gulayan, Conception Malabon City
Contact Number: 09487144375
Email Address: johnrickmallari20@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Gender : Male
Date of Birth : July 1 2003
Age : 19 years old
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Catholic

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

ELEMENTARY Conception Elementary School

P. Burgos Street, Malabon city
2012 - 2017

HIGHSCHOOL Conception Technical Vocational School

#4 Burgos St. Concepcion, Malabon city
2017 - 2021

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Arellano University - Jose Rizal Campus

Gov. Pascual Ave. Concepcion Malabon City
2021 - 2023

ERICA S. MAMARIL
7 Chico Road Potrero, Malabon City
Contact Number: (+63) 927 9973 230
Email Address: ericamamaril66@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION
51
Gender : Female
Date of Birth : November 20, 2003
Age : 19 years old
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

ELEMENTARY Potrero Elementary School

118 McArthur Highway, Potrero, Malabon City
2012 - 2017

HIGHSCHOOL Valenzuela National High School

A. Fernando Street, Marulas, Valenzuela City
2017 - 2021

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Arellano University - Jose Rizal Campus

Gov. Pascual Ave. Concepcion Malabon City
2021 - 2023

NICOLE E. COLO
185 McArthur Highway Marulas Valenzuela City
Contact Number: (+63) 950 1713 846
Email Address: nicoleelomba@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Gender : Female
Date of Birth : July 29, 2003
Age : 19 years old
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Catholic

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

ELEMENTARY Pugon Elementary School

Brgy. Pugon San Francisco, Quezon
2012 - 2017

HIGHSCHOOL Pugon National High School

Brgy. Pugon San Francisco, Quezon
2017 - 2021

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Arellano University - Jose Rizal Campus

Gov. Pascual Ave. Concepcion Malabon City
2021 - 2023

52
JOHN BRICKS M. MASULA
Blk 8 Lot 13 Paradise Vill, Letre Road Brgy.Tonsuya Malabon City
Contact Number: (+63) 970 8092 642
Email Address: johnmasula143@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Gender : Male
Date of Birth : July 22 2004
Age : 18 years old
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Catholic

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

ELEMENTARY Deparo Elementary School

P2Rc+GQ8, Kabatuhan, Barangay 168, Caloocan City
2012 - 2017

HIGHSCHOOL Tugatog National High School

Dr. Lascano, Tugatog, Acacia , 1474 Malabon City
2017 - 2021

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Arellano University - Jose Rizal Campus

Gov. Pascual Ave. Concepcion Malabon City
2021 - 2023

SHAINA OLIVA
127-87 dulong bronze st. tugatog mal city
Contact Number: (+63) 915 6759 689
Email Address: shainaoliva419@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Gender : Female
Date of Birth : June 6, 2005
Age : 17 years old
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Catholic

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

ELEMENTARY Acacia Elementary School

Maria Clara St., Acacia Malabon City
2011 - 2017

HIGHSCHOOL Acacia National High School

Flerida St., Acacia Malabon City
2017 - 2021

53
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Arellano University - Jose Rizal Campus
Gov. Pascual Ave. Concepcion Malabon City
2021 - 2023

EUGENE GARCIA IGNACIO

147 doña juana damapit malabon city
Email Address: eugeneignacio62@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Gender : Male
Date of Birth : August 2, 2004
Age : 18 years old
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Catholic

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

ELEMENTARY Dampalit Integrated School

Dona Juana Rodriguez-1, Malabon, Metro Manila
2011 - 2017

HIGHSCHOOL Dampalit Integrated School

Dona Juana Rodriguez-1, Malabon, Metro Manila
2017 - 2021

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Arellano University - Jose Rizal Campus

Gov. Pascual Ave. Concepcion Malabon City
2021 - 2023

54